What makes a person's speech (even written, even oral) the most understandable? Without what would she be poor and inexpressive? Of course, no adjectives. For example, if you read the word "forest" in the text without definitions, you will never understand which one is meant. After all, it can be coniferous, deciduous or mixed, winter, spring, summer or autumn. The Russian language is great. A qualitative adjective is a direct confirmation of this. In order to vividly and accurately represent any picture, we need this wonderful part of speech.

Meaning and main features

An adjective is a name that indicates a sign of an object, that is, its properties, which contain a characteristic of quality, quantity, belonging. For example, they give a definition by color, taste, smell; denote an assessment of the phenomenon, its nature, etc. Usually, questions are asked to it: what (th, -th)? what is (-a, -o)? whose (-s, -e)? This is a significant (independent) part of speech.

Grammar includes:

• variability by gender (for example, red is masculine, yellow is feminine, green is neuter);
• declension by cases (check: nominative - sandy, genitive - iron, dative - morning; instrumental - evening; prepositional - about night);
• the possibility of a short form and degree of comparison (qualitative adjectives);
• variability by numbers (for example, blue - singular, blue - plural).

Syntactic role

• The most common position for an adjective in a sentence is a definition. It most often depends on the noun and is fully consistent with it. Consider the sentence: There were deep footprints in the snow. Traces (what?) are deep. An adjective is a definition that depends on the subject expressed by the noun. Graphically indicated
• The ability allows the adjective to be the main member of the sentence - the subject. ( for example: The patient was admitted to the hospital in serious condition.)
• Quite often, what adjectives are found in the composition of the predicate in the form of a nominal part? Quality in a nutshell. ( Compare: He was weak from illness. - The boy was weak. In the first case, the main member is the verb, in the second - the adjective in the compound nominal predicate.)

Adjectives: qualitative, relative, possessive

This part of speech has three categories, differing both in form and in meaning. Consider all their features for comparison in the table.

quality	relative	Possessive
This feature of the subject has a different degree of manifestation in it. One may be redder or whiter, while the other may be smaller or larger. Only they can compose phrases with such adverbs as "not enough" and "extremely", "very" and "unusually", "too much". Able to have a short form: strong, invincible, glorious. Only qualitative adjectives can form degrees of comparison. Examples: nicer, kindest, tallest. Compound words can be obtained from them by repetition: cute-cute, blue-blue.	The attribute they designate does not contain a greater or lesser degree, like qualitative adjectives. Examples: one nail cannot be ironer than another, and there is no single clay pot in the world. They indicate the material of which the object is made or consists: a wooden floor, a sandy shore, a golden decoration. Show location or proximity to something: seaside. Evidence of time: February blizzards, evening promenade, the year before last. The quantity is determined: a three-year-old child, a one and a half meter pointer. Reveal the purpose of the item: sewing machine, regular bus, cargo platform. They do not have a short form and degrees of comparison.	Indicate that someone or something belongs to this item. If a fox has a tail, then it is a fox, the hat can be grandmother's or father's. The main distinguishing feature is the question "whose"?

Quality varies

It is worth dwelling in more detail on the most flexible definitions in use and word formation, which are known as qualitative adjectives. The examples of their meanings are extraordinarily varied. They may indicate:

• on the shape of the object: multifaceted, round, angular;
• its size: tall, wide, huge;
• color: orange, dark green, purple;
• smell: stinking, fragrant, odorous;
• temperature: cold, warm, hot;
• the level and characteristics of the sound: quiet, loud, booming;
• overall assessment: necessary, useful, unimportant.

Additional exclusivity

There are other distinguishing features that you need to know in order not to confuse qualitative, relative and possessive adjectives. So, the first of them have features:

• the formation of new words using the prefix "not": a sad person, an expensive product; or diminutive suffixes: gray - gray - grayish;
• the possibility of selecting synonyms: cheerful - joyful; bright - brilliant; antonyms: cold - hot, evil - kind;
• adverbs in -o, -e originate from quality adjectives: white - white, tender - gently.

More about degrees of comparison

They also have only qualitative adjectives. Examples of the formation of a simple comparative degree: more visible, darker, longer. A compound comparative degree is a phrase: “less” or “more” is added to the adjective: less hard, softer.

The superlative degree is called so because it indicates the predominance of a feature in one object over other similar ones. It can be simple: it is a formation with the help of suffixes -eysh-, -aysh-. For example: the most faithful, the lowest. And compound: the adjective is used in combination with the word "most": the most wonderful, the deepest.

Can adjectives change their rank?

And again, it is worth remembering the broad abilities of the Russian language. Everything is possible in it. Therefore, there is nothing surprising in the fact that qualitative, relative and possessive adjectives in a certain context change their meaning by category.

For example, in the phrase "glass beads" everyone understands that we are talking about beads made of glass. But "glass arguments" - this is already a metaphor, these are completely fragile, fragile arguments. We can conclude: the relative adjective (the first example) turned into a qualitative one (the second).

If we compare the expressions “fox hole” and “fox character”, then we can see how the belonging of animal housing turns into the quality of human nature, which means that the possessive adjective has become qualitative.

Take for example two more phrases: “hare footprint” and “hare hat”. The prints of the little animal are not at all like the headdress from it. As you can see, a possessive adjective can turn into a relative one.

Adjective- a significant part of speech that means non-procedural a sign of an object and expresses a general categorical meaning in the inflectional categories of gender, number and case. The grammatical meanings of gender, number and case are syntactic, because they are determined by the gender, number and case of the noun.

The main syntactic function of the adjective- agreed definition.

Two stand out lexico-grammatical category(LGR) adjectives: quality and relative. Relative adjectives call a mediated sign, i.e. motivated by something, therefore, the most striking feature of relative adjectives is that they are derived words. The adjective is relative in the event that the absence of signs of quality (!) Is proved (About quality others in the next ticket)

Relatives are divided into:

A) actually relative *Iron

B) Possessive *Daddy, grandfathers

B) Counting *Fifth

D) Pronominal * Mine, yours, yours

Question about possessive adjectives.

Possessive adjectives – the characterized subcategories within the relative ones are called adjectives with zero inflection in I.p. m.r. having a suffix uy(* fox, hare), suffix in (* mother, father), suffix ov(* brothers, grandfathers). It is believed that these adjectives denote belonging, while adjectives with the suffix do not denote belonging uy, because semantics does not contain an assignment component. (That is, words like fox, wolf, according to Ivanov, are not possessive).

Adjectives are able to move from one category to another, most often the relative adjective becomes qualitative:

Golden decoration (relative) - golden character (qualitative)

However, the opposite phenomenon is also possible - the transition of a qualitative adjective. into the relative, the result of such a transition are the terms:

Light suitcase (quality) - light industry (relative)

14. Qualitative adjectives, their features. Short forms of adjectives, their semantics, morphological properties and syntactic functions. Formation of short adjectives.

Qualitative adjectives denote a direct feature of an object (shape, size, color, external characteristics) and have a clear set of features. AN ADJECTIVE IS CALLED QUALITATIVE IF IT HAS AT LEAST ONE FEATURE.

Signs of quality adjectives:

I. Morphological:

1. The possibility of forming a short form; *strong

2.Possibility of forming a degree of comparison *smarter

II. Word-building:

3. Non-derivative (only high-quality adjectives can be non-derivative!);

4. Only from quality adjectives can quality adverbs be formed in O, E, I. *beautiful, melodious, creative;

5. From qualitative adjectives, it is possible to form deadjectives with an abstract meaning. *Green -> Green

6. From quality adjectives, it is possible to form lexical modification derivatives with the meaning of a subjective assessment. * Pretty, furious, beautiful

III. Syntactic:

7. Qualitative adjectives are combined with adverbs of degree (very, absolutely, absolutely, completely, scary (*terribly beautiful), etc.) *very smart

8. Qualitative adjectives are substantiated and can take the position of the subject. *The crooked cannot become straight.

IV. Lexical:

9. Only qualitative adjectives enter into antonymic relations. *Iron nerves are weak nerves.

Short adjectives.

(Short forms of qualitative adjectives)

Short forms are formed from full ones by joining generic and specific forms. Short adjectives do not have case forms and, accordingly, do not decline, but they change according to gender and number. The normative problem of the formation of short forms is associated with -EN, -ENEN, some adjectives allow the formation of both forms, some only one.

* royal allows the formation of two forms: royal; regal

Short forms, according to Knyazev, are formed from lexemes with a high frequency of use.

Truncated adjectives should be distinguished from short adjectives, i.e. full forms of adjectives, in which, in poetic speech, according to the requirements of size and rhyme, the final sound and ending are cut off. Truncated adjectives are used in the definition function in any case, and short ones do not have case forms. Truncated are also used for folklore stylization.

Short forms are not formed:

1. From relative adjectives;

2. From adjectives with SK. * fraternal, friendly

3. From verbal adjectives with the suffix L, when it coincides with the suffix of the past tense of the verb; * lagged behind - retarded

4. From quality adjectives to -OY, if their stem ends in -OV, -EB; *business

5. From some adjectives with the suffix H, formed from relative adjectives;

* Blood, manual, native

6. From quality adjectives with prefixes PRE, RAZ, RAS in the meaning of a high degree of quality; *beautiful

7. From adjectives with subjective evaluation suffixes; *red

8. From some color adjectives; *pink

9. From adjectives that call the colors of animals; * bay, black

10. From adjectives obtained by adjective participle; *eminent scientist, pouting

11. From complex adjectives written with a hyphen. *sunny dewy, light blue.

Some adjectives do not form all short forms, for example, the adjective kutsy uses only the m.r. form: * kutsy - kuts

Some adjectives are used only in the short form * Glad, much, some - mostly in the short form - * must, to blame, obliged. (The adjective should be used as part of only stable combinations * properly, in due measure, at the proper height)

Some short adjectives have a different meaning from the full forms. * Ready dress - I am ready to help you. He is a prominent scientist - the house is clearly visible from here.

Syntax function: regularly short adjectives act as the nominal part of the compound nominal predicate. * The night is dark. The girl is careful. In the function of an inconsistent definition, short adjectives act only in poetic speech.

*Dick,sad,silent,

Like a doe in the forest timid,

She is in her family

Seemed like a stranger girl.

Stylistic differences

Short forms are predominantly bookish, they are preferred in scientific and official business speech, full forms function mainly in colloquial speech.

The fact that short forms regularly act as the nominal part of the compound nominal predicate makes us see in them some similarity with verb forms. So, for example, attention was drawn to the fact that full forms denote a sign of permanent, and short - temporary. * She is ill. She is sick. This observation does not cover all full and short forms, and this is only a feature of human perception, because. in any case, the adjective denotes a sign of constant (!)

Short forms in colloquial speech express a more categorical meaning, they have a special emotional function in colloquial speech, A.M. Peshkovsky drew attention to this:

* - You, Masha, are evil, stupid, the most stupid of us. - You, Mashka, are evil, stupid.

An adjective is a significant part of speech, which, unlike, does not mean a process, does not name an object (like a noun). The adjective enters into certain syntactic and morphological relations with the noun, defining their qualitative features.

In contact with

What are adjectives for?

It is impossible to imagine speech activity, literary creativity without adjectives. Describing an object or phenomenon the adjective gives him a full description, reveals the quality, highlights the distinctive features.

It's hard to describe what a day can be without the use of adjectives.

Describing a day, adjectives give it a certain emotionally charged characteristic. The day can be warm, cold, boring, interesting, ordinary, difficult, lucky, sad, funny, special, etc.

Take the word "morning". Consider what the morning is like if you describe it with the help of adjectives. It can be gloomy, sunny, summer or winter, autumn, spring, rainy and overcast, frosty, cold or warm.

Depending on the adjective, noun-subject can be personified, look bright, alive, animated.

Attention! Translated from Latin, the term adiectivum means "adjacent", "adjacent". The value fully characterizes this.

The adjective is closely related with a pronoun or noun. Here it is appropriate to recall Mitrofanushka's explanation from Fonvizin's famous comedy. "Undergrowth" argued that the door is adjective because it is attached "to its place." Despite the grammatical nonsense regarding "adherence", there is a certain logic in Mitrofanushka's reasoning.

Ranks of adjectives

What kind of adjective is in can be determined by its lexical and grammatical features.

How to define a quality adjective?

quality designate quality, properties, signs. They answer the question what? which? which? and point to:

• Color - blue, purple;
• Shape - oval, square;
• Parameters - low, wide;
• Temperature - hot, warm;
• Weight - heavy, light;
• Size - tiny, huge;
• The sound is piercing, weak;
• Space - left, far;
• Physical and intellectual properties - smart, healthy;
• Character traits - arrogant, kind;
• General characteristic - negative, reliable.

Important! Qualitative adjectives are words that characterize the objective features inherent in a particular object, living being, phenomenon.

Relative answers the same questions as quality. Denotes:

• Material - iron, wood;
• Purpose, properties - folding, mobile;
• Status - military, civil;
• Time - morning, evening;
• Unit of measurement - one-story, two-meter;

Possessive indicate the belonging of an object to another person (animal), answer the question whose? whose? whose?:

• Grandma's table;
• Fathers jacket;
• Squirrel hollow;
• Cat bowl.

Sentences with adjectives will help to consider the role of this part of speech in the descriptive characteristic of quality. Let's study examples of combinations with the word "estate":

• Big homestead is a qualitative adjective denoting a certain size. Answers a question which?
• landowner homestead - a possessive adjective indicates belonging. Answers a question whose?
• Wooden manor - this relative adjective denotes material and answers the question which?

Important! The meanings of all kinds of adjectives are expressed in morphological categories of gender (masculine/feminine/neuter), cases, and number (singular/plural)

.

Borrowed nouns of foreign origin, having passed into the Russian language, they agree with adjectives in case, gender, number, while not changing the form. For example: In the bedroom hung new beautiful blinds.

The concept of what happens jury, give adjectives: the jury can be city, local, school, strict, incorruptible, etc.

Attention! Sentences with adjectives combined with loanwords show change.

Foreign words remain static:

• I ended up in clean coupe.
• There was a cup on the table hot coffee.
• On it were new riding breeches.

Variety of quality

Evaluative adjectives can express a real polyphony of signs.

Take the word "forest". What does it look like if adjectives are used to characterize it?

The forest can be green, deaf, young, old, mysterious, dense, dense, fabulous, mysterious, distant, etc.

Evaluative adjectives are able to interpret a sign, generalizing it. Examples of evaluation interpretations:

• Rationality (harmful, useful);
• Quality (good, bad);
• Emotionality (satisfaction, pleasure);
• Communication (agreement, disagreement, approval, etc.).

Important! Evaluative adjectives are quality adjectives that carry a special, generalized quality semantics.

• Useful class, "live" food (rationality);
• fiery speech, fabulous landscape (emotionality);
• Filthy sidewalk, spoiled product (quality);
• friendly meeting, closed person (communication).

Evaluative adjectives play a big role in the language. Depending on the meanings, they are used in colloquial and everyday speech, business, literary, media.

Qualitative or relative?

Having found out what adjectives are, you can consider their differences.

How to determine which adjective is qualitative and which is relative or possessive? What is the adjective, will help determine the meaning of the word and its grammatical properties.

Consider what the morning is like, describing it with the help of adjectives.

1. Morning seemed cold.(qualitative)
2. Morning autumn brought coolness. (rel.)
3. Petino the morning started badly. (possessive)

In the first example, it is a sign of quality (temperature). Quality adjectives able to give a comparative description: yesterday morning colder; with the coldest morning this week. They give shades of quality: they reduce properties or enhance them. For example: the water seemed chilly. In addition, adverbs are formed from them: cold, nice etc.

In the second case - relative adjective. It carries a permanent mark. It differs from quality in that it does not give comparison. It cannot be said that tomorrow morning will be more autumnal. In addition, these adjectives can be replaced by phrases: autumn leaves - autumn leaves, autumn signs - signs of autumn.

In the third example possessive adjective Petino means belonging. Answers the question whose?

Qualitative, relative and possessive adjectives

Russian 6 Places of adjectives Qualitative adjectives

Conclusion

The specificity of the nature of adjectives is especially pronounced in the Russian language, revealing the richest variety of their semantic properties.

Renowned linguist Yu.S. Stepanov believed that the difference quality and relative meanings of adjectives is one of the most difficult. This division is carried out not even in all languages. In Russian, secondary school students are already learning to distinguish between these categories of adjectives.

As you probably remember, adjectives answer questions which? which? which? which?

Which? –small yard, school teacher, bear claw.

Which? –wonderful weather, wooden bench, fox face.

Which? –excellent mood, pearl necklace, horse's hoof.

What kind? – polite students, district competitions, bunny ears.

Each row contains examples. qualitative, relative and possessive adjectives. How to distinguish them? As it has already become clear, simply asking a question to an adjective will not give a result, the discharge cannot be determined in this way.

Grammar will come to the rescue semantics(meaning of the word). Consider each category of adjective names by value .

quality adjectives

It is clear from the name that these adjectives mean item quality. What kind of quality could it be? Colour(lilac, burgundy, bay, black), the form(rectangular, square), physical characteristics of living beings (fat, healthy, active), temporal and spatial signs (slow, deep), general qualities, inherent in an animated object ( angry, funny, happy) and etc.

Also, most (but not all!) quality adjectives have a range of grammatical features, by which they are quite easy to distinguish from other adjectives. These features may not necessarily be a whole set for each quality adjective, but if you find that at least some sign is suitable for this adjective - in front of you is a quality adjective. So:

1) Qualitative adjectives designate a feature that can appear to a greater or lesser extent. Hence the possibility of forming degrees of comparison.

Thin - thinner - thinnest. Interesting – less interesting – most interesting.

2) form short forms. Long - long, small - small.

3) Compatible with adverbs of measure and degree. Very beautiful, extremely entertaining, completely incomprehensible.

4) From quality adjectives can be formed adverbs in -o (-e) and nouns with abstract suffixes -ost (-is), -out-, -ev-, -in-, -from- :magnificent - magnificent, clear - clarity, blue - blueness, blue - blueness, thick - thickness, beautiful - beauty.

5) It is also possible to form words with diminutive or augmentative suffixes: evil - furious, dirty - dirty, green - green, healthy - hefty.

6) Can have antonyms: large - small, white - black, sharp - dull, stale - fresh.

As you can see, there are many signs, but it is absolutely not necessary to use all of them. Remember that some quality adjectives no degrees of comparison some do not form abstract nouns, some cannot be combined with adverbs of measure and degree, but they fit in other ways.

For example, the adjective bay. This adjective does not fit any grammatical criteria, but denotes color = item quality, means it quality.

or adjective beautiful. Can't say very lovely, but you can form an adverb wonderful. Conclusion: adjective quality.

Relative adjectives

designate sign through relation to the subject. What kind of relationships can these signs be? Material from which the object is made ( iron nail - iron nail, stone cellar - stone cellar, velvet dress - velvet dress); place, time, space (today's scandal - the scandal that happened today; intercity bus - a bus between cities; moscow region - region of moscow); appointment(parent meeting - meeting for parents, children's shop - shop for children) and etc.

Signs et and not temporary, but permanent, That's why all the features inherent in qualitative adjectives do not have relative ones. This means that they do not form degrees of comparison(can't say that this house is wooden and that one is more wooden), incompatible with adverbs of measure and degree(can't say very gold bracelet) etc.

But phrases with relative adjectives can convert, replacing the adjective. For example, villager - villager, milk porridge - porridge with milk, plastic cube - plastic cube.

We hope that it has become clearer to you how to distinguish between qualitative and relative adjectives. And we will talk about possessive adjectives and some traps in the next article.

Good luck in learning Russian!

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Renowned linguist Yu.S. Stepanov believed that the difference quality and relative meanings of adjectives is one of the most difficult. This division is carried out not even in all languages. In Russian, secondary school students are already learning to distinguish between these categories of adjectives.

As you probably remember, adjectives answer questions which? which? which? which?

Which? –small yard, school teacher, bear claw.

Which? –wonderful weather, wooden bench, fox face.

Which? –excellent mood, pearl necklace, horse's hoof.

What kind? – polite students, district competitions, bunny ears.

Each row contains examples. qualitative, relative and possessive adjectives. How to distinguish them? As it has already become clear, simply asking a question to an adjective will not give a result, the discharge cannot be determined in this way.

Grammar will come to the rescue semantics(meaning of the word). Consider each category of adjective names by value .

quality adjectives

It is clear from the name that these adjectives mean item quality. What kind of quality could it be? Colour(lilac, burgundy, bay, black), the form(rectangular, square), physical characteristics of living beings (fat, healthy, active), temporal and spatial signs (slow, deep), general qualities, inherent in an animated object ( angry, funny, happy) and etc.

Also, most (but not all!) quality adjectives have a range of grammatical features, by which they are quite easy to distinguish from other adjectives. These features may not necessarily be a whole set for each quality adjective, but if you find that at least some sign is suitable for this adjective - in front of you is a quality adjective. So:

1) Qualitative adjectives designate a feature that can appear to a greater or lesser extent. Hence the possibility of forming degrees of comparison.

Thin - thinner - thinnest. Interesting – less interesting – most interesting.

2) form short forms. Long - long, small - small.

3) Compatible with adverbs of measure and degree. Very beautiful, extremely entertaining, completely incomprehensible.

4) From quality adjectives can be formed adverbs in -o (-e) and nouns with abstract suffixes -ost (-is), -out-, -ev-, -in-, -from- :magnificent - magnificent, clear - clarity, blue - blueness, blue - blueness, thick - thickness, beautiful - beauty.

5) It is also possible to form words with diminutive or augmentative suffixes: evil - furious, dirty - dirty, green - green, healthy - hefty.

6) Can have antonyms: large - small, white - black, sharp - dull, stale - fresh.

As you can see, there are many signs, but it is absolutely not necessary to use all of them. Remember that some quality adjectives no degrees of comparison some do not form abstract nouns, some cannot be combined with adverbs of measure and degree, but they fit in other ways.

For example, the adjective bay. This adjective does not fit any grammatical criteria, but denotes color = item quality, means it quality.

or adjective beautiful. Can't say very lovely, but you can form an adverb wonderful. Conclusion: adjective quality.

Relative adjectives

designate sign through relation to the subject. What kind of relationships can these signs be? Material from which the object is made ( iron nail - iron nail, stone cellar - stone cellar, velvet dress - velvet dress); place, time, space (today's scandal - the scandal that happened today; intercity bus - a bus between cities; moscow region - region of moscow); appointment(parent meeting - meeting for parents, children's shop - shop for children) and etc.

Signs et and not temporary, but permanent, That's why all the features inherent in qualitative adjectives do not have relative ones. This means that they do not form degrees of comparison(can't say that this house is wooden and that one is more wooden), incompatible with adverbs of measure and degree(can't say very gold bracelet) etc.

But phrases with relative adjectives can convert, replacing the adjective. For example, villager - villager, milk porridge - porridge with milk, plastic cube - plastic cube.

We hope that it has become clearer to you how to distinguish between qualitative and relative adjectives. And we will talk about possessive adjectives and some traps in the next article.

Good luck in learning Russian!

Do you have any questions? Do you know the difference between qualitative adjectives and relative ones?To get help from a tutor - register

You probably already remember that adjectives are divided into quality(indicate the quality of the item), relative(denoting a sign of an object in relation to another object) and possessive. We will talk about possessive adjectives in more detail.

These adjectives, unlike qualitative and relative ones, do not answer the question what?, but the question whose? They're called possessive because their main purpose is indicate belonging to a person, animal or animate being. Therefore, they are formed only from the names of animals, persons and other animated beings. For example, mutton, fox, Anin, mother's, foremen, grandfather etc. Grammatically, possessive adjectives closer to relative because they have no degrees of comparison(can not be this item is mother's, and that one is even more mother's), short forms they do not form adverbs and abstract nouns etc. However, they have their own characteristics: special suffixes and a special system of declensions.

Possessive adjectives are formed, as mentioned above, from the names of animals, persons and other animated beings using suffixes -ov (-ev), -in (-yn), -y.

Fathers house, elders staff, nanny's scarf, sister's mandate, fox tail.

It should also be noted here that these adjectives have null ending. Try not to confuse, for example, adjectives like blue and wolf.

Blue - a qualitative adjective, non-derivative (not formed from anything), without suffixes, the ending th.

wolf - possessive adjective, derivative (derived from the noun wolf with a suffix -th ), null ending.

Pairs of adjectives such as worker and carpenter, red and bear, distant and shark. Working, red and distant have the endingth, a carpenter, bear and shark have null ending and suffixth, because they are possessive and derivative.

Therefore, it is worth being careful when parsing adjectives by composition and taking into account the category of the adjective by meaning.

Now let's move on to traps which adjectives are preparing for us. Although there is a rather sharp boundary between the categories of ad nouns both grammatically and lexically, however, it happens that some possessive adjectives disguised under qualitative and even relative, and relative under qualitative. Generally, many adjectives want to go into the category of quality ones. How does this happen and how not to get confused when determining the discharge?

Remember that the rank of an adjective by value can only be accurately determined in context, i.e. in a phrase or in a sentence.

For example, cherry compote - cherry compote. Having made the transformation, we understand what is in front of us relative adjectivenoe, because denotes what the compote is made of. But in the phrase cherry suit adjective cherry no longer means that the suit is made of cherries, it means the color of the suit, and color is a quality characteristic, i.e. in this context, the adjective becomes quality.

Let's take a few more examples.

Iron constructor- iron constructor relative adjective)
Iron will- strong will quality adjective)
iron health- good health ( quality adjective)

steel knife- steel knife relative adjective)
Steel color dress (quality adjective)
steel look- unfriendly, cold, hard ( quality adjective)

Bear hair- wool that belongs to a bear ( possessive adjective)
Bear coat at the hostess- fur coat from a bear ( relative adjective)
bear walk- clumsy, awkward, sprawling ( quality adjective)

Fox muzzle- a muzzle that belongs to a fox ( possessive adjective)
fox hat- fox hat relative adjective)
fox cunning- highly developed cunning ( quality adjective)

Thus, we see that the same adjective can take on different meanings. However grammatical characteristics remain unchanged.: neither possessive nor relative adjectives will acquire degrees of comparison, short forms and other distinctive features of quality adjectives.

Let's summarize.

To determine the rank of an adjective, you need:

1) Look, the adjective is used in direct or figurative meaning. If the value is portable, it is quality adjective.

2) If the value is direct, ask two questions: which? whose? If this adjective refers to affiliation, in front of us possessive adjective.

3) Try to substitute adverb of measure and degree (very) or create degrees of comparison. If it worked - adjective quality.

4) try convert combination with an adjective into a prepositional case phrase. Happened - relative adjective.

And remember that the main thing is still lexical meaning, not grammar. Grammar just helps us.

Good luck in learning Russian and excellent grades!

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