• The current labor legislation allows the employer (organization or individual entrepreneur) to establish several modes of the working week for their employees:

  ✔ 5-day working week with two days off (usually on Saturday and Sunday) lasting no more than 40 hours;

  ✔ 6-day working week with one day off (usually on Sunday) lasting no more than 40 hours;

  ✔ working week with a rotating weekend schedule;

  ✔ part-time work week.

Basis for establishing a 6-day work week

Establishing a six-day work week is legally possible.

The regime of a 6-day working week can be established both for all employees of an organization or individual entrepreneur, and for certain categories or positions of employees in connection with a particular production need. Features of the regime of work and rest of employees, including the duration of the working week, are prescribed in the Internal Labor Regulations of the employer.

For micro-enterprises, the 6-day working week is prescribed in labor contracts with each employee.

The need for a 6-day work week.

The six-day working week is most often established in shops, catering establishments, medical institutions and educational institutions, and so on, i.e. in places of primary service to the population.

As a rule, service establishments work daily for 10-12 hours, i.е. beyond the normal length of the worker's working day, tk. current legislation establishes an 8-hour working day as the maximum length of a person's working time.

And although it is possible to involve employees in overtime work, such involvement is permissible only with the consent of the employee himself, subject to increased payment for overtime work at the rate of one and a half rates for the first two hours of overtime work and double the amount thereafter. At the same time, the duration of overtime work itself should not exceed 4 hours for two consecutive days and 120 hours for the whole year.

The question is, how in this case to ensure the daily operation of the enterprise for, say, 12 hours?

The best way out in this situation would be to organize shift work of workers for 6-7 hours a day during a 6-day working week.

With a 6-day working week, the working week can be as long as 40 hours, i.e. normal duration (7 hours within 5 days, on the day before the holiday - 5 hours), and reduced duration (35-hour or 24-hour working week).

Features of the 6-day work week

Please note that during the six-day period, on the eve of the weekend, the duration of the work of the employee should not exceed 5 hours.

If for some reason a day off on Sunday cannot be provided, then the employee has the right to choose any other day during the working week for rest. The duration of an uninterrupted weekly rest should not be less than 42 hours.

Some of the rules inherent in the five-day work week also apply to the six-day work week.

For example, with regard to holidays for workers with a six-day period, in this case it is calculated in the same way as for a five-day period. After all, the number of vacation days is not related to the number of hours worked and should be 28 days annually (unless employees are classified as workers with extended vacations).

TASS-DOSIER. October 29 (November 11), 1917 Decree of the Council of People's Commissars (SNK) in Russia established an 8-hour working day (instead of 9-10 hours, as it was before) and introduced a 48-hour working week with six workers and one day off. Works that were particularly harmful to health were subject to reduced working hours. On December 9, 1918, the Labor Code of the RSFSR was adopted, which consolidated these provisions.

From January 2, 1929 to October 1, 1933, in accordance with the decision of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars, a gradual transition to a 7-hour working day was carried out. The working week was 42 hours.

August 26, 1929 Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR "On the transition to continuous production in enterprises and institutions of the USSR" introduced a new personnel calendar, in which the week consisted of five days: four working days of 7 hours, the fifth day off.

In November 1931 The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a resolution in which it allowed the people's commissariats and other institutions to switch to a six-day calendar week, in which the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of each month, as well as March 1, were non-working.

June 27, 1940 a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR came into force on the transition to an 8-hour working day with a "regular" working week according to the Gregorian calendar (6 working days, Sunday is a day off). The working week was 48 hours.

June 26, 1941 The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a decree "On the working hours of workers and employees in wartime", in accordance with which mandatory overtime work from 1 to 3 hours a day was introduced and holidays were canceled. These wartime measures were abolished by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on June 30, 1945.

At the end of the post-war recovery period in 1956-1960 the working day in the USSR was gradually (by sectors of the national economy) again reduced to 7 hours with a six-day working week (Sunday is a day off), and the working week was reduced to 42 hours.

At the XXIII Congress of the CPSU ( March 29 - April 8, 1966) it was decided to switch to a five-day work week with two days off (Saturday and Sunday). In March 1967, a series of decrees and resolutions of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and the Central Committee of the CPSU introduced a standard "five-day work" with an 8-hour working day in the USSR. In general education schools, higher and secondary specialized educational institutions, a six-day working week with a 7-hour working day has been preserved. Thus, the working week did not exceed 42 hours.

December 9, 1971 The Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR adopted a new Labor Code (KZOT), according to which the length of working time could not exceed 41 hours. The Constitution of the USSR adopted on October 7, 1977 (Article 41) legitimized this norm.

In Russia the law April 19, 1991"On Increasing Social Guarantees for Workers" reduced working hours to 40 hours a week. On September 25, 1992, this norm was enshrined in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. In this form, the working week exists in Russia to this day.

Question 46:

The main norms of working time are the working week and daily work (shift).
A working week is the number of working hours established by law or an employment contract during a calendar week.
The normal duration of the working week cannot exceed 40 hours (Article 91 of the Labor Code). Thus, 40 hours per week is recognized as the maximum working time for all employees under an employment contract.
There are two types of working week - 5-day with two days off and 6-day with one day off, which is preserved in those organizations where, due to the nature and conditions of work, the introduction of a five-day working week is impossible or inappropriate. The six-day working week has been preserved in many educational institutions, where the transition to a 5-day working week is not possible due to the presence of maximum allowable physiological norms for the study load of students. Some state bodies, service enterprises, etc. work on a 6-day working week.
The duration of daily work (shift) is set by the employer based on the weekly norm of working time. With a normal working week (40 hours), it, as a rule, is: with a 5-day working week - 8 hours, with a 6-day working week - 7 hours, on the day before the day off - 5 hours.
The duration of the working day or shift immediately preceding a non-working holiday is reduced by 1 hour. In continuously operating organizations and in certain types of work where it is impossible to reduce hours of work (shift) on the holiday day, processing is compensated by providing the employee with additional rest time or, with the consent of the employee, payment according to the norms established for overtime work (Article 95 of the Labor Code).
When working in shifts (in 2,3 or 4 shifts), the duration of the shift can be different - 10, 12, 14, 24 hours in accordance with the shift schedule, which is established by the employer, taking into account the opinion of the elected trade union body, depending on the conditions and nature of work.
For workers in need of special social protection, as well as for those working with harmful and dangerous working conditions, the law limits the maximum duration of daily work (shift) - Art. 94 TK. It cannot exceed:
- for employees aged 15 to 16 years - 5 hours; from 16 to 18 years old - 7 hours;
- for students of general educational institutions, educational institutions of primary and secondary vocational education, combining study with work during the academic year, at the age of 14 to 16 years - 2.5 hours, at the age of 16 to 18 years - 4 hours;
- for the disabled - in accordance with the medical report;
- for workers employed in work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, where a reduced working time is established:
- with a 36-hour work week - 8 hours;
- with a 30-hour working week or less - 6 hours.

Reforming the education system affects almost all aspects of the lives of teachers and students, from the format of passing the USE to the schedule according to which certain educational institutions work. It's no secret that in Russia. As in many other countries, there are schools that operate on a 5-day schedule and schools that require attendance 6 days a week.

To be or not to be six days? Psychologists, teachers and scientists have been working on this issue for many years, but this topic is even more actively discussed in parental circles. Let's face it - not all parents like the prospect of getting up early on their legal day off to get their child to school, and even the need to adjust their personal plans, taking into account the work of the educational institution.

So what awaits us regarding five days in the 2018-2019 academic year? Let's figure it out.

Will six days be canceled anytime soon?

It is known that there are several petitions that have collected a large number of signatures asking for a revision of the school schedule with the established 6-day schedule. But even in the 2019 academic year, the work schedule of each individual school, whether it is a five-day or a six-day period, will be taken directly by the leadership of the educational institution.

It seems to many that the ministry is simply stubbornly unwilling to meet the demands of parents who have come out to fight for an extra day off for schoolchildren.

But is it? Is it really possible to take one order and permanently cancel working Saturdays for children and teachers? To understand the complexity of this problem, persistent parents would do better to study the law and the curriculum.

Why is there a six day period?

The need to use Saturday in most cases is dictated by the fact that even with a great desire it is impossible to distribute school subjects for students in grades 6-11 for 5 school days, given all the coefficients and sanitary requirements that exist for subjects.

Without delving into the intricacies of scheduling a large educational institution, I will give as an example the following rules:

• mathematics, physics, languages ​​and some other disciplines should not be assigned to the first and last lessons;
• subjects on which the perseverance of the child is especially important should not stand after physical education;
• schoolchildren cannot be overloaded on one day (there are certain coefficients, the table of which is used by head teachers when scheduling);
• subject teachers should not read more than 3 lessons in a row (this rule, of course, is often violated in our country);
• subjects studied more than once a week should be placed at a certain interval.

These are just a few of the existing restrictions. Add to this the division of classes into 2 (and sometimes 3-4) subgroups and get an unsolvable problem. And this is not an exaggeration. Most automated scheduling services will really fail and ask which of the "important ministerial rules" to ignore.

Benefits of a six-day school week

• properly distributed teaching load;
• fewer lessons per day;
• less homework, from day to day;
• more opportunities for children to visit circles and sections;
• the opportunity to start the working day a little later than schools with a 5-day week.

Cons of six days

• an established negative attitude towards learning on the Sabbath;
• absenteeism from classes without good reason and often with the knowledge of parents;
• conflict with the beliefs of some faiths, where work and even study on the Sabbath is considered unacceptable;
• holidays that fall on Saturday are not transferred, as for organizations with a five-day work week.

Myths about the six days

Is the 6th working day so terrible for a student?

In fact, not everything is so sad. The vast majority of educational institutions adhere to the following rules:

The right to choose

This problem is not typical for all schools. As a rule, it does not fit into the five-day schedule in gymnasiums, lyceums and specialized schools with in-depth study of certain subjects.

As a result, parents have to choose between the following options:

• An ordinary comprehensive school in which the child will study for 5 days, but study all subjects at the "standard" level;
• A specialized school or gymnasium with a 5-day week, where the child will have to sit through 8 lessons daily (and, accordingly, cook at home);
• An educational institution with in-depth study of certain subjects, in which the child will have 6-7 lessons per day, but 6 days per week.

It is possible and necessary to find out what schedule awaits the child in the future at the stage of choosing a school. If high-quality competitive education is a priority, then the problem of working Saturdays is not as relevant as the quality of the teaching staff and the conditions in which the child will study.

Of course, a new question arises - is it possible, by adding hours for subjects of the profile cycle in specialized schools, to reduce the hours for disciplines that children who have decided on a profile will definitely not need? But this is a completely different topic, requiring a revision of the list of subjects of the variable and invariant component of national education.

Why do we need a production calendar for 2018 with a six-day work week? How many working days in 2018 with a "six-day"? What is the norm of working hours in this mode of operation in 2018? You can see the production calendar in this article.

General information about the production calendar

There are 365 calendar days in 2018. However, there are quite a lot of holidays in Russia. They are also joined by weekends (with a six-day working week - Sunday). How not to get confused and correctly distribute the norms of working time during the "six-day"? Moreover, if we are talking about accounting, then working days, holidays and weekends must be taken into account when calculating vacation pay, travel allowance and when reporting. For this, a production calendar for 2018 is being formed with a six-day working week.

Making a calendar for 2018

Article 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation defines non-working holidays, and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 14, 2017 No. 1250 “On the postponement of holidays in 2018”. These regulatory legal acts are the basis for the formation of the production calendar for 2018 with weekends and holidays.

What does the Labor Code of the Russian Federation say about non-working days

Non-working holidays in the Russian Federation are:

• January 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 - New Year;
• January 7 - Christmas;
• February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day;
• March 8 - International Women's Day;
• May 1 - Spring and Labor Day;
• May 9 - Victory Day;
• June 12 - Day of Russia;
• November 4 - National Unity Day.

Such a list of non-working holidays is fixed and does not change from year to year. It is enshrined in article 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

What transfers in 2018 do not apply to the “six-day period”

Article 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides that the postponement of days off is carried out in order to rationally plan working time in organizations and take into account the interests of various categories of citizens of the Russian Federation in creating conditions for a good rest. For these purposes, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 14, 2017 No. 1250 “On the postponement of days off in 2018” provides for the following shift of days off:

Read also BCC 18210301000011000110: transcript in 2019

Thus, in 2018 the following days off were postponed:

• Saturday 6 January to Friday 9 March;
• Sunday 7 January to Wednesday 2 May.
• Also, to optimize rest time, we swapped weekends with working days (Saturdays will be working, and Mondays will be days off):
• Saturday 28 April with Monday 30 April;
• Saturday 9 June with Monday 11 June;
• Saturday 29 December to Monday 31 December.

With a six-day working week, Saturdays are not days off, which means that these transfers are not provided for the six-day work week.

For those working on a six-day week, March 9, April 30, June 11 and December 31, 2018 will remain working days, since the transfer of days off to these dates is planned from Saturdays that coincided with non-working holidays, and for the "six-day" Saturday is not a day off.

In connection with the transfer of January 7 to May 2, employees with a six-day working week in 2018 will have two consecutive days off for the May holidays - May 1-2.

Shortened working days with a decrease in working hours by one hour in 2018 for workers on a six-day week will be February 22, March 7, April 30, May 8, June 11, November 3, December 31.

Production calendar for 2018 with a "six-day"

Here is the production calendar for 2018 with a six-day working week:

Next, we give a quarterly production calendar with a six-day working week (with weekends and holidays). Taking into account all the transfers, the production calendar for the six-day working week will look like this (pre-holiday days, when the working day is reduced by 1 hour, are marked with an asterisk *).