"Geography of the Indian Ocean" - In the Indian Ocean they live - ... Currents. Flying fish. Tuna. Squid. Marine industry. Pearl. Bartolomeu Dias. Relief of the ocean floor. Swimming of the Egyptians. Ocean research. Indian Ocean. Shipping. Lobster. Vasco da Gama. Islands of the Indian Ocean. Ships of Vasco da Gama. Geographical position:

"Pacific Ocean Geography" - Organic world. Pollock. Brown algae. It is named after the nearby Mariana Islands. Seals. Iwashi. Content. Horse mackerel. Geographical coordinates of the object - , 142.2 11°21? with. sh. 142°12? in. 11.35° N sh. 142.2° E d. Sperm Whale. The fish fauna is very rich. Red algae. Sea lions. Stripes.

"Sea ocean" - THE SEA HEALS We go to the sea to swim and relax. Seas and oceans. ANIMAL WORLD OF THE SEA AND OCEAN IS VERY DIVERSIFIED Mammals, mollusks, fish, viruses live there. Dmitry Pogonichev. 1.000.000 million! For example, the largest mammal on earth lives ... in the sea!

"Indian Ocean" - Mid-ocean ridges divide the ocean bed into three parts. Types of economic activity in the ocean. From the history of ocean exploration. Faults in the earth's crust continue in the Red Sea and come out on land. Features of the nature of the ocean. Rebuild the flow system. Who discovered and explored the Indian Ocean?

"Pacific Ocean" - Off the coast of Antarctica - the Amundsen, Bellingshausen and Ross seas. Who discovered the passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans? The Pacific Ocean is in a zone of active mountain building. What is another name for the Pacific Ocean? Find on the map and show. A feature of the Pacific Ocean is the weak development of the continental shelf.

"Sea and Oceans" - the Drake Strait and the Berings are, the Laptev Sea and the Baffin Sea. Current, tide, crater, strait. Continue the list! Philippine. Shelf, ocean, trench, volcano. I will answer you today. I will invite you to the map. Current map. The largest peninsula? Bottle mail Floats in the ocean. And I beg you: no clue!

There are 15 presentations in total in the topic

North America

Valdiz - 51	Auckland - 12	Seattle - 21
Vancouver - 67	Portland - 31	Tacoma - 21
Long Beach - 63
South America
Valparaiso - 15	Huasco - 10	Esmeraldas - 16
Callao - 12
East and Southeast Asia
Kaohsiung - 139	Kelang - 89	Chiba - 169
Hong Kong - 208	Kitakyushu - 89	Tokyo - 89
Guangzhou - 168	Kobe - 79	Tianjin - 162
Kawasaki - 90	Busan - 163	Shanghai - 316
Gwangyang - 165	Singapore - 348	Shenzhen - 88
Australia
Brisbane - 17	Melbourne - 20	Port Kembla - 23
Gladstone - 60	Newcastle - 83	Hay Point - 78

3. Indian Ocean

Asia and Africa

Dammam - 11	Kolkata - 16	Richards Bay - 88
Jeddah - 16	Kandla - 21	Ras Tanura - 22
Dubai - 64	Madras - 35	Hark - 20
Durban - 24	Mumbai - 31
Australia
Dampier - 89	Port Hedland - 90	Fremantle - 23

* - the 50 largest ports by cargo turnover are indicated in italics.

Task 2. Study the geographical types of ports in the world (using the ports listed in Table 4). Present the results in the form of table 5.

Table 5

Geographic types of ports in the world

PRACTICAL WORK № 4

Exercise 1. Plot on the previously compiled map (practical work No. 3) the largest container handling ports in the world based on the data in Table 6.

Table 6

World's largest seaports for container handling, 2003

(thousand conditional twenty-pound containers*)

		Transshipment of containers			Transshipment of containers
			Algeciras
Singapore	Singapore		Yokohama
			Felixstowe	United Kingdom
Shenzhen
	Rep. Korea		Nhava Sheva (Mumbai)
Los Angeles
Rotterdam	Netherlands
	Germany
Antwerp			Valencia
	Malaysia			Sri Lanka
				Saudi Arabia
New York/New Jersey
Tanjung Pelepas	Malaysia		Melbourne	Australia
			Charleston
Bremen/Bremerhaven	Germany
Laem Chabang				Puerto Rico, USA
Gioia Tauro			Barcelona
Tianjin			Hampton Roads
Guangzhou
Tanjung Priok (Jakarta)	Indonesia
	Philippines		Tanjung Pe-rak (Surabaya)	Indonesia

* - A conventional twenty-foot container is an international unit of measurement in container transportation. Standard container: 20 feet (6.1 m) long, 8 feet (2.44 m) wide and 8.5 feet (2.59 m) high. The volume of such a container is 38.5 m³.There are also forty-foot (12.2 m) and forty-five-foot (13.7 m) ones. Most of the containers in use today are forty feet.

The volume of transshipment of containers (thousand conditional twenty-pound containers) is shown in color inside the punch, indicating the volume of cargo turnover. The volume of transshipment of containers should be presented in gradations (for example): 1 - 1.0-2.0; 2 - 2.1-5.0; 3 - 5.1-10.0; 4 - 10.1-15.0; 5-more than 15.0. If the port is not marked on the map as the largest in terms of cargo turnover, but is included in the 50 largest ports for the processing of containers, then sign its name on the map with the color corresponding to the volume of transportation in the above gradations.

Task 2. To study the regional features of maritime transport (based on the data in tables 4, 6) for the fifty largest ports in terms of cargo turnover and container transshipment volume. Use the compiled map "World Maritime Transport". To study the geography of shipping:

1) build pie charts by the volume of cargo turnover and the volume of container handling, highlighting the following regions: Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Southwest Asia, North America, Latin America, Australia. Make a conclusion.

2) compile ranked rows of the five largest ports in terms of cargo turnover and container traffic in each region. Make a conclusion, substantiating the differences in the composition of the leaders.

3) build diagrams showing the volume of cargo turnover and the volume of container handling in the context of the oceans (for the fifty largest ports). Inside the diagrams, display the volume of cargo turnover and transshipment of containers by country. Make a conclusion.

4) to rank the five largest ports in terms of cargo turnover and container handling volume in each ocean. Make a conclusion, substantiating the differences in the composition of the leaders.

Atlantic Ocean– second largest after the Pacific Ocean. Its area is 91.6 million km2. Like the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean is located in all hemispheres of the Earth and washes the shores of five continents. In the Northern Hemisphere, the coastline of the ocean is more strongly dissected than in the Southern. In the east, the ocean flows deep into the land, forming inland seas - the Mediterranean, Black, Baltic.

It is generally accepted that the ocean basin was formed in mesozoic simultaneously with the collapse of Laurasia and Gondwana. Thus the Atlantic Ocean is younger than the Pacific. In the ocean, the mid-ocean ridge is more clearly expressed. In its axial part there is a reef zone. Here, the lithospheric plates move apart, mantle material comes out, and a young oceanic-type earth's crust is formed. The highest parts of the range lie above ocean level, forming islands (Iceland).

The predominant depths of the ocean are about 3500 m The width of the shelf zone is not the same. Its maximum length (more than 500 km)- in the area of ​​the North Sea, the minimum - off the coast of Argentina. Within the shelf there are groups of islands of continental origin ( Newfoundland, Falklands, Greater and Lesser Antilles). Area of ​​volcanic ( Azores) and coral ( Bahamian) of the islands is small. At the same time, most of the coral islands are located off the coasts of North and South America.

Like the Pacific, the Atlantic Ocean is located in all climatic zones except the Arctic. Its widest part is located in the thermal zone between the 40th parallels of both hemispheres. Here are the highest surface water temperatures (+20-26° С). The southern regions of the ocean off the coast of Antarctica have a more severe climate. The average salinity of the waters is slightly increased due to the significant outflow of moist air to the land. In general, the zonality of water masses in the ocean is greatly complicated by the system of surface currents. Most of them, due to the strong elongation of the ocean from north to south, have submeridional directions. The most powerful of the warm currents are the system gulf stream and its continuation North Atlantic current. From the cold Labrador off the east coast of North America, and Canarian and Bengal off the western coast of Africa.

In winter, in the northern part of the ocean, ice forms only in inland seas. (Baltic, Northern, Azov); the southern part of the ocean freezes completely. In high latitudes, floating ice and icebergs are encountered, which pose a significant danger to navigation.

According to the diversity of species of the organic world (200 thousand) The Atlantic Ocean gives way to the Pacific. One of the main reasons for this is its geological youth. However, due to the wide shelf zones, within which the living conditions of organisms are most favorable, The Atlantic Ocean is the most productive per unit area. At the same time, the species composition of organisms of low and high latitudes differs significantly. In equatorial and tropical latitudes, jellyfish, crabs, flying fish, sharks, sperm whales are most common, and in temperate and cold latitudes - herring, cod and flounder fish, whales, pinnipeds.

Great commercial value of the Atlantic Ocean. It provides 2/5 of the world's fish catch. The main commercial fish include herring, cod, tuna, sea bass. The main areas of marine fishing (places of collision of warm and cold currents) are the so-called banks . Most famous Newfoundland off the coast of North America, and Dogger Bank in the North Sea.

The Atlantic Ocean is more intensively used in transport purposes. On its banks is most of the world's ports– Rotterdam(the largest in the world in terms of cargo turnover), Antwerp, London, Hamburg, Marseille, New York, New Orleans, Buenos Aires. On the coast of the Mediterranean, Caribbean seas are the largest recreational centers. Between the Florida peninsula, Bermuda and Puerto Rico lies the infamous Bermuda Triangle- part of the Atlantic Ocean, which is characterized by incredibly difficult conditions for navigation.

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1. Describe the geographic location of the ocean.
Determine how the Pacific Ocean is located relative to the equator, tropics, polar circles and the prime meridian.
___
2. Determine in which direction the ocean has the greatest extent - from north to south or from west to east.

___
3. Indicate between which continents the ocean is located. Which oceans does it border on?
___
4. Which part of the ocean has the most indented coastline.
a) The names of the seas and large bays of the ocean.
b) the name of the major islands.

Which of the ratios of river basin areas in Russia is correct? 1) Seven - Arctic Ocean 66% Pacific Ocean 19%

Atlantic Ocean 5%

internal stock 10%

2) Seven - Arctic Ocean 50%

Pacific Ocean 10%

Atlantic Ocean 30%

internal stock 10%

3) Seven - Arctic Ocean 25%

Pacific Ocean 25%

Atlantic Ocean 25%

internal stock 25%

4) Seven - Arctic Ocean 40%

Pacific Ocean 40%

Atlantic Ocean 10%

internal stock 10%

Pacific Features 11-1

1 The Pacific Ocean washes the eastern shores of the continents: __
2 The Pacific Ocean washes the western shores of the continents: __
3 The Pacific Ocean is located in the hemispheres: __
4 By area, this ocean is the largest on Earth. It makes up approximately _____% of the area of ​​the world's oceans.
5 The greatest depth of the ocean and the deepest point of the Earth is in the ______ trench and is ____ m
6 Deep sea trenches surround the Pacific Ocean and, together with active volcanoes and earthquake areas, form a zone called _______
7 Powerful sea currents along the equator from east to west are formed due to the winds of ______
8 In what climate zones is the Pacific Ocean located? __
9 Name the cold currents of the Pacific Ocean __
10 In what part of the ocean are coral structures most common?
Name 3 port cities along the shores of the Pacific Ocean _____

1. What ocean is the Mariana Trench in? 1) Indian 2) Pacific 3) Atlantic 4) Arctic. 2.Which of the

numerical sea currents operates in the Pacific Ocean?

1) Gulf Stream 2) Brazilian 3) Guinean 4) Kuroshio.

3. Sable is an animal that lives in a natural area:

1) steppes 2) taiga 3) deserts 4) tundra

4. One of the main modern types of human economic activity in the tundra is:

1) logging 2) mining 3) raising livestock 4) growing grain

5. Among the listed endorheic lakes is:

1) Baikal 2) Victoria 3) Chad 4) Onega.

6. Which of the islands has the highest average annual rainfall?

1) Iceland 2) Kalimantan 3) Madagascar 4) Tasmania.

7. Which mineral deposits are confined to ancient platforms?

1) oil 2) iron ores 3) copper ores 4) polymetallic ores

8. Which of the listed travelers made a great contribution to the discovery and study of Africa?

1) I. Moskvitin 2) D. Cook 3) D. Livingston 4) F. Magellan

9. Moderate maritime climate is typical for:

1) Sumatra Islands 2) Iberian Peninsula 3) Great Britain 4) Yucatan Peninsula

10. Which of the listed mountain systems is the longest?

1) Cordillera 2) Ural 3) Alps 4) Appalachians

11. Which of the peninsulas has monsoons during the year?

1) Labrador 2) Alaska 3) Indochina 4) Somalia

12. Which of the listed natural areas is characterized by the largest number of rodents?

1) taiga 2) tundra and forest-tundra 3) steppes 4) semi-deserts and deserts

13. Which of the following rivers has a large number of rapids?

1) Volga 2) Amazon 3) Congo 4) Mississippi

14. A sign of the marine type of climate is:

1) summer is dry and hot 2) winter is wet and warm 3) large amplitude of temperature fluctuations

15. Oak, myrtle, wild olive - representatives of the natural zone:

1) equatorial forests 2) hardwood forests 3) tropical deserts 4) deciduous forests

1) Cordillera 2) Andes 3) Himalayas 4) Alps.

17. Which continent is the hottest:

1) Africa 2) Australia 3) South America 4) North America

18. The extreme southern point of Africa:

1) Cape Agulhas 2) Cape of Good Hope 3) Cape Almadi 4) Cape Ras Hafun.

19. The climatic zone of Africa with pronounced seasonality: dry winters and wet summers:

1) equatorial 2) subequatorial 3) tropical 4) subtropical.

20. The most salty sea belongs to the pool:

1) Pacific Ocean 2) Atlantic Ocean 3) Pacific Ocean 4) Arctic Ocean

Part B

1. Distribute the climatic zones of Africa in order of decreasing density of the river network:

1) equatorial 2) tropical 3) subequatorial.

2. Match.

Natural zone: Climatic zone:

1. Moist forests a) subtropical

2. Savanna b) tropical

3. Desert c) subequatorial

d) equatorial.

3. Distribute the southern continents as their area increases:

1) Antarctica 2) Africa 3) South America 4) Australia.

Part C

1. Why is the highest point in Africa - Mount Kilimanjaro - located within the platform, and not

folded area, as on other continents?

2. Are there glaciers in Africa, if so, in what part of the mainland?

3. Why do platforms tend to have plains?

Indian Ocean

1) geographic location
2) a brief history of the discovery and study of the nature of the ocean
3) Bottom relief and minerals.
4) Climate and water properties (temperature, salinity, etc.)
5) Surface currents in the ocean.
6) Organic world.
7) Zonal natural complexes and non-zonal aquatic complexes.
8) Types of human economic activity in the ocean; major ports.
Plzzzzzz urgently needed About the Indian Ocean, please help

(about 1/3 of the world maritime cargo turnover), yielding to Atl-ke in terms of traffic volume, ahead of it in growth rates. A characteristic feature of the sea routes in the Pacific Ocean is their very large latitudinal extent (twice as long as the transatlantic ones). Transoceanic routes connecting the west. and east. shores are grouped in two directions: American-Asian and American-Australian. On the first of them, three cargo-intensive routes were formed. Intensive shipping routes connect the Pacific ports of the USA and Canada (Los Angeles, San Francisco, Vancouver) with the ports of Japan, China, Philippines (Yokohama, Shanghai, Manila). Coal, timber, grain, ore, semi-finished products and finished products are exported to Japan from North American ports. In the opposite direction, there are various types of industrial products (steel pipes, electrical and radio devices, fabrics, fish and fish products). Less intense shipping on the second route from the Panama Canal and the western ports of South America to the ports of Southeast (Singapore, Manila) and East (Shanghai, Yokohama) Asia. From Latin American ports, mainly mining and agricultural raw materials are exported (to Japan), and industrial products in the opposite direction. The second US-Australian transoceanic route connects the ports of North America and Australia and New Zealand. There are lines from the ports of the USA and Canada to Sydney and other ports of southeastern Australia (Newcastle, Melbourne). Machinery and equipment are transported from American ports, and industrial raw materials and agricultural products are transported in the opposite direction. Equipment for the mining industry, machinery and finished products are transported from the USA to Latin American ports. The highest concentration of cargo turnover is noted in the ports of the East (Japan, Rep. Korea, China) and South-East. Asia (more than 3/4 of the total cargo turnover of the Pacific Ocean). The largest oil terminals in the Pacific Ocean are concentrated in Japanese (Chiba, Yokohama, Kawasaki), American (Los Angeles, Long Beach, San Francisco, Valdez) and international transit (Singapore, Think) ports.

30. Economic-geographical provinces of the Pacific Ocean and their characteristics.

NW: In the economy respect, the province is distinguished by a high level of economic development and a large scientific and technical potential, rich in mines. resources of its individual territories, huge fish stocks and the largest catches in the world, intensive maritime transport and a developed economy. Huge human resources are concentrated here and the third world economic center has been formed, the core of which is Japan, and the “new industrial countries” (Republic of Korea, Taiwan) and the rapidly growing economy of modern China play a complementary role. Oil and gas, solid minerals (iron ore, coal) are extracted on the shelf of the province, TiMg placers, deposits of cassiterite, table salt are explored. Iron marg have been found in the open part of the ocean. and phosphorite nodules. Z: Its characteristic feature is its advantageous position on the routes of intensive maritime navigation and the presence of large sea communications nodes in the straits of the Malay Archipelago. Zap. The province has large reserves of mineral raw materials and biological resources, but is inferior to the North-West. provinces in terms of industrial and scientific and technical potential, as well as the level of development of marine industries. The bowels of the province contain deposits of world importance. Up to 70% of tin, significant volumes of oil, Fe, Mn and Cu ores, Ni, chromites, tungsten, bauxites and phosphate raw materials are obtained from this region of the world. Ferromanganese nodules and phosphates occur in the northeast of the province, and deposits of oil, cassiterite, iron ore, and glauconite have been discovered on the shelf. SW: fishery has not received wide industrial development. The position of the province away from the main world markets predetermines the leading role of maritime communications to ensure links with the North. America, East and Southeast. Asia and Europe. are Sydney and Melbourne and the outport of Geelong (specialized in grain and oil cargo). In the state of New South. Wales has 9 seaports (Newcastle, Port Kembla, Hunter, etc.) YU.: The natural resource potential of the province is poorly studied. Oil is being produced on the Tongo Islands, and phosphorite deposits are being developed on the Society Islands. The waters of the province are characterized by a low content of zooplankton biomass and low fish productivity (less than 10 kg / km 2. A characteristic feature of the Southern Province is the weak development of the economy, which does not allow for a wide study and development of marine resources. The basis of the economy of most island states is the plantation economy (cultivation of coconut palm , citrus fruits, bananas, pineapples, sugar cane, coffee, cocoa, peanuts, breadfruit), canned fish and copra. Fish catches of the island states and territories are small. Fiji's economy is most diversified, it is based on the sugar industry, tourism, forestry and woodworking industry. N-E: oil and natural gas (Alaska, the Los Angeles area and the coastal waters of California), phosphorites (California coast), ores of precious and non-ferrous metals (gold, platinum, mercury). A significant role is played by the exploitation of marine gold placers (off the coast of the Seward Peninsula) and platinum sands (Goodnews Bay). The open waters of the province are characterized by extremely low fish productivity. The North-East is a zone of very intensive traffic. There are routes from the Pacific ports of North America to the ports of the East. Asia (Japan, China) and from the ports of the west coast of the USA and Canada to the ports of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands. SE-E and B: Coastal countries (Peru, Chile, Bolivia) form a capacious regional raw material market that exports mining raw materials, agricultural and fishery products by sea. In Peru, large deposits of iron ore (the area of ​​the port of San Juan), polymetals, and phosphorites are being developed; oil and gas are being extracted on the sea shelf. The province is an important global fishing area.