Basic moments

The city was not lucky: in 845 Hamburg was burned by the Vikings. Over the next 300 years, it burned and was rebuilt eight times. In 1842, a three-day fire destroyed more than a quarter of the city. With the expansion of the port area in the 1880s. part of the old building was destroyed. During the Second World War, 55 thousand people died in the city. Over half of the houses, 80% of port facilities and 40% of industrial enterprises turned into piles of stones. Is it any wonder that there are almost no monuments of the medieval past left in Hamburg?

Buses run along the city streets, the engines of which burn hydrogen; such cars do not pollute the air at all. Hamburg has 70 bicycle storage and rental stations. In 2011, the city received the title of capital of Europe for the protection of the environment.

Story

The city was founded by Louis the Pious around 811 under the name Hammaburg (Hammaburg)- Forest town. Archbishop Ansgar, canonized in 865 for his merits in spreading Christianity in northern Germany and Scandinavia, conducted his missionary activity from here.

By the end of the XI century. the rapid development of Hamburg was due to brisk trade. In 1189 Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa granted him important customs and economic privileges. In the same year, the port of Hamburg began its work. The city was one of the first to join the Hansa and was in this union for more than three centuries. Kings and princes never ruled the city, its fate was always determined by the citizens themselves.

Thanks to powerful fortifications, Hamburg managed to survive the Thirty Years' War without great losses. By the end of the XVII century. it already had 70 thousand inhabitants and was the second largest after Cologne.

From the beginning of the 17th century Hamburg merchants regularly visit the largest Russian commercial port of Arkhangelsk at that time. Of the 40-50 European ships that annually arrived at this port, eight were from Hamburg.

Official name "Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg" (Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg) he purchased in 1819.

In 1678, Germany's first permanent opera house was founded here. Composers J. L. F. Mendelssohn were born in Hamburg (Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, 1809-1847) and I. Brahms (1833- 1897) .

During World War II, the city was bombed several times by Anglo-American aircraft. As a result of Operation Gomorrah on July 25 - August 3, 1943, more than 50,000 people died and most of the city buildings were destroyed from the bombing and the gigantic fire caused by them.

Hamburg has the right to be called the second home of the Beatles. In 1960-1962 they played in it every night for at least 8 hours. Paul McCartney once said: "Hamburg is 800 hours of rehearsals."

Glorious musical traditions are continued by three large symphony orchestras and many other diverse creative teams. Center of Musical Life of the City - Musical Hall (Musikhalle, neo-baroque, 1904-1908). Hamburg State Opera (Hamburgische Staatsoper) in terms of mastery, the production of classical and contemporary works is on a par with the world's leading opera houses.

For tours of foreign theater groups, the workshop of the former Kampnagel crane plant was adapted ("Kampnagel") in the Barmbek district, where the famous musical "Cats" was performed ("Cats") Andrew Lloyd Webber.

Hamburg today

Currently, Hamburg is the second largest city in Germany and the country's second largest industrial center. Main Landmarks - TV Tower (Heinrich-Hertz-Fernmeldeturm, northwest of the center) and the bronze spire of St. Michael's Church (St. Michaeliskirche, in the center). The appearance of Hamburg is largely determined by water. There are more than 2500 bridges in the city.

Most of the sights of Hamburg are concentrated in the central part, bounded from the south by the Elbe and its channels, and from all other sides by the exaggerated former city ramparts, the existence of which is now only reminded by the names of the streets laid instead of them: they all end in -wall (German wall - "shaft").

This semicircle is bisected by the mouth of the Alster River, which has been turned into a canal. (Alsterfleet) and artificial ponds Outer and Inner Alster (Aussenalster and Binnenalster).

Southeast of the latter - Old Town (Alte Stadt), and to the northwest - the New City (Neustadt).

Hamburg is divided into several districts, very different from each other. The center of the modern city coincides with the old city, which was seriously damaged by a fire in 1842.

Like other big cities in Germany, Hamburg has double-decker guided tour buses. However, seeing the sights with the help of transport, with a breeze, is almost the same as seeing a documentary film about the city. Convenient, interesting, but quickly forgotten. Only what you walk around with your feet, slowly examine, remains in you.

Center of Hamburg

The bridge is thrown over the canal connecting the ponds. It offers a very beautiful view of the center of Hamburg.

Jungfernstieg Promenade

This promenade - wide and elegant - stretches along the southwestern shore of the lake. Here the marina of pleasure boats, cafes, the Alster pavilion (Alsterpavilion).

Grosse Bleichen and next to it are the most sophisticated shopping arcades: "Hanse" ("Hanse Viertel"), "Gallery" ("Gallery"), Goose Bazaar ("Gaensemarkt"), "Old Post" ("Alte Post"), "New Goose Bazaar" ("Neuer Gaensemarkt"), "Bleichenhof" ("Bleichenhof") and etc.

Town Hall

In the luxurious building of the town hall, built in the neo-Renaissance style (1886- 1897) , sits the state government. It has 647 superbly finished rooms. The town hall is decorated with a 112-meter tower. During the day, excursions are organized for tourists in the building.

Church of St. Peter (St. Petrikirche)

This church is from the 12th century. with a 133-meter tower is located next to the town hall. It is the oldest in Hamburg. The church acquired its neo-Gothic appearance after the fire of 1842 and the subsequent reconstruction. Pay attention to the figure of the Mother of God (1470) .

Church of St. Jacob (St. Jacobikirche)

Built at the end of the XIV century. the church was restored in 1959. Its interior has a medieval altar and an organ - one of the best works of master Arp Schnitger.

House of Chile (Chilehaus)

This is one of the architectural symbols of the city, a vivid example of expressionism in architecture. (architect F. Heger, 1920-1923). Part of this brick building protrudes sharply forward, resembling the prow of a ship. The name of the house is due to the fact that the customer of the building, businessman G. Solomon, imported Chilean nitrate to Germany, from which smokeless powder and fertilizers were made.

Church of St. Nicholas (Nikolaikirche)

The church was destroyed during World War II. Only a 147-meter tower has survived from it. Now in its basement there is a museum that tells about the bombing of the city.

Dam Street (Deichstrasse)

The street runs parallel to the Nikolai Canal (Nikolaifleet) and built up with houses of the XVII-XIX centuries. with high and narrow facades. This is the last untouched urban development of traditional Hamburg architecture.

Warehouse City (Speicherstadt)

"City of warehouses" built in the late 19th century. located on Brokinsel Island (brookinsel). Old brick buildings, sometimes up to seven stories high, line the narrow canals that cut through the island. They kept carpets, tea, coffee, spices. The canals do not have embankments: sailboats and steam ships moored right at their walls. With the help of ropes stretched through the blocks, bags of colonial goods from the holds of ships were lifted to the warehouses. And from the opposite side of the warehouse, at the right time, the goods were lowered onto carts, later into trucks.

Now the technology has changed: most goods are delivered in containers. They are directly from the ships, bypassing warehouses, are reloaded into railway cars or cars.

The "city of warehouses" has now lost its purpose, now offices, restaurants, and museums are located here. (If you're lucky, you can sometimes see how carpets are unloaded from the warehouse in the old fashioned way.)

It can also be viewed from the board of a pleasure tourist boat. (departure from St. Paul's Piers).

Port

Hamburg is Germany's gateway to the world. Everyone who arrives in the city should visit the port - one of the largest in the world. More than half of German exports and imports pass through it. The total length of the berthing line is about 275 km. Approximately 12,000 ships arriving from all over the world are served here annually. You can see the tourist steamer with stern wheels - such sailed a century and a half ago along the Mississippi - and a modern bulk carrier carrying so many containers that only dozens of trains can carry them overland. Hundreds of different ships, a forest of port cranes, docks where ships are being repaired, warehouses and fuel tanks. An unforgettable experience can be obtained by making a circular trip on a tourist ship. In the center of the harbor, close to St. Paul's Piers (St. Pauli Landungbruecke), at the eternal parking lot there is a banana carrier ship-museum "Cape San Diego" ("Cap San Diego"), nicknamed the "White Swan of the Atlantic". Nearby is the sailing ship Rickmer Rickmers, built in 1896 in Bremerhaven, now there is a restaurant on board.

Early Sunday morning it is interesting to visit the Fish Market (Fischmarkt). It is located in the port, just below the Reeperbahn. Every night from Saturday to Sunday pallets of seafood are unloaded from the refrigerators of fishing boats. Since the opening in 1703, city elders have allowed trade only from 4:00 to 10:00, that is, before the start of the church service. The Fish Market sells not only fish, but also other products at prices lower than in ordinary stores. Everything has been preserved as it was at the beginning of the 20th century: marble tables, ceramic jugs, an accordionist plays sea melodies at the entrance. If desired, you can drink a mug of mulled wine or a glass of hot punch.

Sea bass and flounder, smelt and herring are laid out on the pier in wooden boxes covered with ice (fried herring is one of the favorite treats in northern Germany). Mountains of mollusks and arthropods rise on long counters.

Nearby, at the port piers of Landungsbrücken (Landungsbrucken) curious to see the old tunnel under the Elbe (Alter Elbtunnel, 448 m, 1906), leading to the shipyards on the island of Steinwerder (Steinwerder). In 1975 a new tunnel was opened (Neuer Elbtunnel) 3200 m long, depth under the river up to 27 m.

From afar, the 130-meter pylons of the new symbol of the city, the highest Kelbrand bridge in the country, are visible. (Kohlbrandbrucke, span height 53 m, length 3.9 km, 1974) through the southern channel of the Elbe in the port area of ​​Hamburg.

Monument to Bismarck (Bismarck-Denkmal)

The monument, built in 1906, rises near the former city ramparts, in the old park above the Elbe (Alter Elbpark). More than 60 m high, it was built on the model of medieval statues of Roland.

St. Paul's area

Not far from the piers of Landungsbrücken on the Elbe, the Reeperbahn, well known to sailors and tourists from all over the world, stretches. (Reeperbahn), which means cable car. It is the busiest in the St. Pauli area, among the red-light districts. Nightlife is in full swing here: brothels, discos, a theater, all kinds of clubs, bars and restaurants.

Church of St. Michael (St. Michaeliskirche)

This late baroque Protestant church (architect E. G. Zonnin, 1750-1762) on Neander street (Neanderstrasse) is the symbol of Hamburg. The locals affectionately call her "Michel". The height of the tower is 132 m. In the old days, the captains of ships sailing to Hamburg first saw the spire of this church on the horizon. From the observation deck on the tower (there is an elevator) opens a magnificent panorama. Next to the church are several old houses built by the trade guild for the widows of merchants.

Other attractions

Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten)

The garden is located behind Gorha Fok Street (Gorch-Fock-Wall). Behind him is the People's Park "Plants and Flowers" (Volkspark Planten und Blomen). It is a recreation center with a music pavilion for outdoor concerts, greenhouses, a Japanese garden, a children's playground and a miniature railway. There is a fountain with color music on the pond.

Congress Center Hamburg

The Congress Center, built in 1973 next to the park, is one of the most modern in Europe. It consists of 17 halls and can accommodate up to 7500 people.

Hamburg Trade Fair (Messegelande, Messe Hamburg)

The fair is adjacent to the Plants and Flowers park. Its territory of about 60 thousand m² accommodates 12 exhibition pavilions.

Television tower them. Heinrich Hertz (Heinrich-Hertz-Fernmeldeturm)

The TV tower is located northwest of the park. Its height is 271.5 m. There is a restaurant on the rotating platform (132 m).

Art Gallery (Kunsthalle)

In the exhibition of the Art Gallery of Hamburg (1850) the art of the 19th-20th centuries is widely represented, including the works of F. O. Runge (1777-1810) and K. D. Friedrich (1774-1840) . Glockengiesserverwall.

Open: Tue, Wed, Fri-Sun 10.00-18.00, Thu 10.00-21.00.

Museum of Ethnography and Primitive History (Museum fur Volkerkunde und Vorgeschichte)

The museum, which opened in 1878, has about 350,000 exhibits! Rothenbaumchaussee, 64. Open: Tue, Wed, Fri-Sun 10.00-18.00, Thu 10.00-21.00.

Submarine U-434 (U-Bootmuseum)

The submarine, made in Russia, is the largest in the world: length - 90 m, width - 9 m, height -15 m. It is powered by diesel engines. St. Pauli, Fischmarkt, 10. Open: Mon-Thu 10.00-18.00, Fri-Sun 9.00-19.00.

Miniature Wonderland (Miniatur-Wunderland)

It's hard to believe this: 700 small locomotives pull freight and passenger trains through cities, forests, mountains, deserts, across bridges over abysses. Day and night change. 10 km of tracks have been installed, 15,000 wagons, 150,000 figures, 200,000 lights, 150,000 trees, 5,000 houses and bridges, 300 vehicles are moving along the roads. Scale 1:87. 36 computers run it all. Over 3 million visitors a year! Kehrwieder 2 (in Warehouse City), Block D.

Open: Mon, Wed-Fri 9.30-18.00, Tue 9.30-21.00, Sat, Sun and public holidays 8.30-20.00.

Emigration Museum Ballinstadt (BallinStadt das Auswanderermuseum)

From 1901 to 1934, about 5 million people left Hamburg for the New World in search of a better life. The camp for departing emigrants has been reconstructed. BallinStadt, Veddeler Bogen, 2. Open: April - October 10.00-18.00, November - March 10.00-16.30.

To visit the numerous Hamburg museums, you can purchase a museum card or a family ticket that is valid for all museums at once.

• Hamburg ranks first among European cities in terms of the number of bridges (over 2300). The city has more bridges than Venice (400) , Amsterdam (1200) and London combined.
• Hamburg has the world's largest port warehouse district (German Speicherstadt), built at the end of the 19th century on wooden piles driven into the shallow water of the Elbe. With their architectural appearance, smoked red-brick 5-6 storey warehouse buildings located in rows-blocks on the islands in the middle of the Elbe, where canals serve as "streets", in the evening and twilight can serve as an excellent stage for filming movies about Sherlock Holmes based on the novels of Conan Doyle. For tourists, it is considered a good omen - a successful throw from the bridge of a coin "for memory" - on the end of a pile sticking out of the water a few meters from the bridge. The art of throwing is to try so that the coin does not bounce when struck and does not fall into the waters of the canal, but remains lying on a pile.
• In Hamburg, the musical group "The Beatles" toured several times, being still known only at home, in Liverpool. Here they decided to recruit Ringo Star and retire drummer Pete Best. Also here, after a short family life, one of the "initiators" of "The Beatles" Stuart Sutcliffe died.

Geography

Hamburg is located in northern Germany on both banks of the Elbe River at the confluence of the Alster and Bille rivers, about 110 km southeast of the place where the Elbe flows into the North Sea. The natural maritime harbor stretches along the entire length of the Elbe, especially along the southern bank of the Elbe opposite the urban areas of St. Pauli and Altona. City blocks on both sides of the river are connected by many bridges, as well as the old (now pedestrian) and a new tunnel under the Elbe. The natural landscape south and north of the Elbe is called geesta and is a hilly lowland of sand and sedimentary rocks formed by a glacier that descended during the Ice Age.

The federal state of Hamburg is located between the states of Schleswig-Holstein in the north and Lower Saxony in the south.

Logistics and Transport

Germany's largest port is located in Hamburg, which is the third largest in Europe after Rotterdam and Antwerp, as well as the second largest cargo container terminal in Europe.

Hamburg's public transport system includes the underground (German U-Bahn), urban railway (German S-Bahn), suburban trains and buses. All city transport is run by the Hamburg Transport Association (German Hamburger Verkehrsverbund). Fares are determined by zone. There is a flexible fare system that provides for the possibility of purchasing single tickets for different types of transport, for different periods, individually or for a group. Especially for tourists, there is also a preferential card “Hamburg CARD”, which, in addition to the right to travel on all modes of transport, allows you to visit 27 museums of the city free of charge or at a discount, take part in city tours, water walks, etc.

One of the railway directorates of the Deutsche Bundesbahn was located in Hamburg.

Best time to visit

The best time to visit Hamburg is in spring or summer.

Special offers for hotels

What to watch

• A boat trip along the harbor and / or along the canals of Hamburg will allow you to admire the wonderful city (you can use the public ferry "HADAG" for this).
• Ride the Skytrain from Rodingsmarkt to Landungbrucken. You will have amazing views.
• The Baroque Church of St. Michael, built in the 17th century, is one of the most ornate churches in Northern Germany.
• Blankenese - a former fishing village on the Elbe - with picturesque streets, small houses and tiny beaches.
• A magnificent shopping center with columns of the Victorian era on the shore of the lake is called the Alter Arcades. In 1842, the shopping center suffered a severe fire, but was completely restored.
• You can walk in the Old River Tunnel under the Elbe, and the Steinwerder entrance offers an unforgettable view of the city.

The Beatles performed successfully at the Reeperbahn in 1960: 48 shows at the Indra Club and 58 at the Kaiserkeller.

Wenn Sie die zweitgrößte Stadt Deutschlands besuchen möchten, dann fahren Sie nach Hamburg. Sie zahlt 1,8 Millionen Einwohner. Hamburg liegt an der Elbe, 110 Kilometer von der Nordsee entfernt. In der Stadt gibt es zwei Flüsse, die Elbe und die Alster und mehr Kanäle als in Venedig.Abb.1

Hamburg ist eine Hafenstadt (Abb.1), darum kommen etwa 20000 Schiffe im Jahr hier an. Sie bringen 60 Millionen Tonnen Ware. Schon im Mittelalter war die Stadt ein bedeutendes Handelszentrum. So wie Bremen und Lübeck gehörte Hamburg der Hanse an.

In Hamburg sind viele Industriezweige entwickelt. Hier befindet sich europäische Kupferhütte, Schiffbauwerke und liegt der zweitgrößte Standort für den Flugzeugbau. Die wichtigsten Industriezweige sind auch Elektrotechnik, Chemie, Nahrungs- und Genussmittel. Hamburg ist eine Pressemetropole, weil es hier große Verlage gibt. Die bekanntesten Zeitungen und Zeitschriften sind: "Bild-Zeitung", "Zeit", "Stern", "Spiegel".

Mit mehr als vier Millionen Besuchern jährlich ist Hamburg eines der attraktivsten Tourismusziele in Deutschland. Zu den Zielen der Besucher gehören auch die Hamburger Innenstadt, Binnenalster, der Hamburger Hafen, St. Pauli, St. Pauli-Landungsbrücke, die Reeperbahn und das Wahrzeichen Sankt Michael (auch Michelgenannt). Die Hauptkirche der Stadt wurde im Jahre 1762 errichtet und ist 132 Meter hoch.

Die temporäre Veranstaltungen und Ereignisse wie der Hafengeburtstag, der Altonaer Fischmarkt und der Hamburger Dom, ziehen viele Leute an.

ubung 10. Entgegen Sie. Argumentieren Sie Ihre Meinung.

1. In Hamburg leben nicht viele Menschen. 2. Die Stadt hat kein Wahrzeichen. 3. Hamburg gehorte nie der Hansa an. 4. In der Stadt fließt keinen Fluss. 5. Die Industriezweige sind in der Stadt nicht entwickelt. 6. Die Hauptkirche der Stadt wurde im XVI. Jahrhundert errichtet. 7. In Hamburg finden nie temporäre Veranstaltungen und Ereignisse statt. 8. Hamburg ist keines der attraktivsten Tourismusziele in Deutschland. 9. Hamburg ist keine Pressemetropole.

ubung 11. Setzen Sie in folgende Sätze die unten angegebenen Wörter ein.

1. Hamburg ist 110 Kilometer von der … entfernt. 2. Schon im Mittelalter war die Stadt ein bedeutendes ... . 3. Die wichtigsten Industriezweige sind auch…. 4. In der Stadt gibt es zwei ... . 5. Das Wahrzeichen der Stadt ist ... . 6. Die bekanntesten Zeitungen sind…. 7. Zu den Touristenzielen gehören ... .

Handelszentrum, Binnenalster und Hamburger Hafen, Elektrotechnik, Flüsse, Spiegel und Stern, Nordsee, Sankt Michael.

ubung 12. Lesen Sie und übersetzen Sie den Text.

Text 3. Munich

Munich ist die Landeshauptstadt des Freistaates Bayern. Sie ist mit rund 1.35 Millionen Einwohnern die größte Stadt Bayerns und die drittgrößte Stadt Deutschlands.

München ist eines der ältesten deutschen Länder und ein bedeutendes deutschen Kunst- und Kulturzentrum. In der Stadt gibt es sehr viele Museen, z.B. Alte und Neue Pinakothek. Die alte Pinakothek ist eine der größten Gemäldesammlung der Welt aus dem 18. Jahrhundert. Die neue Pinakothek besitzt Gemälde- und Skulpturensammlung aus dem 19. Jahrhundert.

D
as bekannteste Wahrzeichen von München sind die beiden Kuppeltürme der Frauenkirche (Abb.1). Die Kirche wurde im spätgotischen Stil im 15. Jahrhundert gebaut.Abb.1

Seit 1810 wird in München das Oktoberfest gefeiert. Viele deutsche und ausländische Touristen kommen nach München, um das Oktoberfest mitzuerleben. Dieses Fest dauert 16 Tage. Die Stadt ist auch ein bedeutendes Zentrum von Wissenschaft und Forschung. Viele Hochschulen und zwei Universitäten befinden sich in München. Als Wirtschaftszentrum steht diese Stadt hinter Hamburg und Berlin. Besonders stark sind hier die Elektrotechnik, Druckindustrie, Autoindustrie, Maschinenbau entwickelt.

ubung 13. Antworten Sie auf die Fragen.

1. Wie groß ist die Stadt? 2. Welche bekannten Museen hat München? 3. Was besitzen Alte und Neue Pinakotheken? 4. Nennen Sie das bekannteste Wahrzeichen von München. 5. Seit wann feiert man Oktoberfest? 6. Warum ist München ein bedeutendes Zentrum von Wissenschaft und Forschung. 7. Welche Industriezweige sind hier besonders entwickelt?

ubung 14. Finden Sie die falschen Sätze.

1. München ist die zweigrößte Stadt Deutschlands. 2. München ist eines der ältesten deutschen Länder. 3. Seit 1810 wird in München das Oktoberfest gefeiert. 4. Das Fest dauert 14 Tage. 5. Nur zwei Hochschulen befinden sich in München. 6. Die Frauenkirche wurde im 14. Jahrhundert gebaut. 7. In München gibt es eine Universität.

ubung 15.Übersetzen Sie ins Deutsche.

1. The capital of Germany is home to 3.5 million people. 2. After the war, the Berlin Wall was erected in Berlin. 3. The most famous streets of Berlin are Pod Limes and Kurfürstendamm. 4. Hamburg is a port city, and already in the Middle Ages it was a center of trade. 5. The most important industries of the city on the Elbe are shipbuilding, aircraft building, electrical engineering, and the chemical industry. 6. There are many publishing houses in Hamburg that publish such magazines as Spiegel, Bild, Stern and others. 7. Michel, built in 1762, is a symbol of Hamburg. 8. Munich is the third largest city in Germany. 9. Every year tourists from all over the world come to Munich to celebrate Oktoberfest.

Ubung 16. Lesen und verstehen Sie den Text ohne Wörterbuch.

Hamburg, Germany: the most detailed information about the city of Hamburg, the main attractions with photos and descriptions, location on the map.

City of Hamburg (Germany)

Hamburg is the second largest city in Germany, located on the banks of the Elbe River. This is one of the richest cities in the country, the largest port and a real "gateway to the world." Hamburg has been a center of European trade ever since it joined the Hanseatic League in the Middle Ages. This brought great wealth to the city and left a rich cultural and historical heritage. The maritime spirit and traditions of the Hanse permeate Hamburg through and through: from architecture and sights, to culture, food and the cries of seagulls in the streets.

Geography

Hamburg is located in northern Germany at the southern tip of the Jutland peninsula in an area that lies between continental Europe and Scandinavia. The city stands at the confluence of the Elbe and its tributary Alster. The administrative unit is the free Hanseatic city of Hamburg, bordering on the lands of Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony.

The terrain is calm with slight elevation changes. The highest point is just over 100 meters above sea level. Surroundings - picturesque natural landscapes, lakes and parks, gardens and farmlands.

Climate

The climate of Hamburg is maritime with warm (sometimes cool) summers and mild winters. The warmest months are July and August. The coldest is January. Precipitation is distributed evenly throughout the year. From November to February in Hamburg it is often cloudy and damp. In winter, slight frosts and snowfalls are not uncommon.

Story

The main milestones in the history of Hamburg:

• 808 - Emperor Charlemagne ordered the foundation of a fortress at the confluence of the Elbe and Alster to defend against the Slavic tribes. A settlement grew up near the fortress, which gave life to the new city.
• 1189 - Emperor Frederick Barbarossa grants Hamburg the privileges of a free imperial city, which, together with its favorable location, turns the city into one of the trading centers of Europe.
• 1241 - Hamburg and the prosperous trading city of Lübeck entered into an alliance, which in the future turned into an association that we know as the Hanseatic League. This was a powerful impetus for the subsequent economic and cultural development of the city.
• 1264 - the city authorities issued a law on the protection of swans, which forbade the killing and eating of these birds. In Hamburg, they believe that as long as the swans live here, the city will grow and prosper (it is interesting that in Bremen there is such a belief about Roland).
• 1284 - a great fire that destroyed almost all the buildings of the city.
• 1350 - an epidemic of plague, during which half the population died.
• 1558 - the foundation of the stock market.
• 1810 - Napoleon's invasion.
• 1842 - another strong fire destroyed and damaged a third of the city and many historical sights
• 1871 - Hamburg becomes part of the German Empire with broad autonomy rights. Also, the port of the city becomes the second largest in Europe.
• 1892 - cholera outbreak, which was caused by the rapid growth of the city and poor water quality.
• 1945 - over 39,000 tons of bombs were dropped on Hamburg, destroying more than half of the city and 80% of the harbor.

Gastronomy

Historically, Hamburg has always had a variety of dishes and gastronomic traditions. Local sailors who went to other countries and the crews of foreign ships constantly brought something new to the Hamburg cuisine.

It is not surprising that the cafes and restaurants of Hamburg offer a huge variety of dishes that belong to a wide variety of cuisines. And in the city you can find a wide variety of dining options: from exclusive and prestigious restaurants to typical gastronomic cafes, from modern and stylish to traditional family restaurants.

Despite this, don't underestimate Hamburg cuisine, which can offer both simple and sophisticated traditional dishes. The most popular of them:

• Currywurst
• Franzbrötchen
• Labskaus (stew)
• Rote Grütze - berry dessert with custard.

Markets

Historically, markets have always been one of the main events in the life of Hamburg. And now in the largest city in northern Germany, there are quite a lot of weekly markets where you can buy food, and flea markets where you can find a lot of interesting things from household items to collectibles.

The most popular market in Hamburg is the fish market or the Fishmarkt. This is one of the oldest and most legendary markets in the city, which began its history in 1703. Located at St. Pauli Fischmarkt 2. Attention: The Fischmarkt is open on Sundays from 5.00 am to 9.30 am (from 7.00 am in winter).

In the Eppendorf district, the Isemarkt is held on Tuesdays and Fridays. This is the largest open-air market in Europe, where you can buy almost everything from food to books and tools. There is also a night market in Hamburg, which is based on Spielbudenplatz.

Every Saturday from 8.00 to 16.00, one of the most important flea markets, the Flohschanze, is held on Neuer Kamp. Here you can not only buy various interesting and collectible items, but also take a look at various curiosities.

If you are planning a trip from the end of November to the end of December, be sure to visit the wonderful Christmas markets. At this time, Hamburg is filled with winter magic: thousands of lights are reflected in the Alster, Elbe and canals, the air is filled with the smells of roasted almonds, warm mulled wine and spruce branches. The eyes of all tourists light up with a romantic light, turning Hamburg into a real Christmas fairy tale. Christmas markets sell arts and crafts, delicious delicacies and food.

Christmas markets:

• Santa Pauli
• Alton/Ottensen
• Christmas market at the Michel
• Winter Pride
• Winterdom

shopping

Hamburg is a real paradise for shoppers and shoppers. Here, on almost every corner, there are shops that sell everything: from souvenirs to household items, clothes, jewelry. There are also large shopping centers.

If you are a fan of dressing up, then Hamburg is definitely your Mecca. In the city center there is a huge number of shops from world fashion brands to products of local designers. Hanseviertel, Europapassage, Jungfernstieg Mönckeberg and Spitalerstrasse will help you to take away from Hamburg not only great memories. Between the arcades, cafes and shops of the Alster promenade, you can spend the whole day in any weather!

For those who prefer everything at once in one place, we recommend shopping centers. The largest shopping centers in Hamburg:

• Alsterhaus - five floors and 24,000 sq. meters of stores. Address: Jungfernstieg 16-20
• Mercado is a large shopping center in the pedestrian area of ​​Ottensen. Here you can find food, books, perfumes, clothes. Address: Ottenser Hauptstrasse 10
• Levantehaus - cafes, fashion, bakeries, souvenirs. Address: Mönckebergstrasse 7
• Hamburg Meile - 150 shops and food court. Address: Hamburgerstr. 27
• Europa Passage - more than 120 shops. Address: Ballindamm 40

How to get there

Getting to Hamburg is not difficult. The city is distinguished by excellent transport accessibility:

• The international airport connects Hamburg with 120 cities around the world.
• railways - with almost all large and not very large cities in Germany and some cities in other European countries.
• bus service is also quite developed and popular. It is very profitable to travel on Flixbus buses.
• a car with excellent roads becomes a very fast and convenient way to travel. Hamburg is easily accessible by car from all parts of Germany via four motorways (Autobahnen-A) and six federal highways (Bundesstrassen-B).

Public transport

Hamburg boasts an extensive public transport system including the metro, light rail network, buses and ferries. Ticket machines offer one-time (for one trip), daily (1 day), weekly, monthly and annual tickets. Tickets are valid for all types of public transport. Public transport operates from 4.30 to 1.00 (24.00 days off).

S-Bahn and U-Bahn

A key element of Hamburg's public transport system is the network of fast transit and regional rail routes that connect the city center with the surrounding area. There are four U-Bahn metro lines, six S-Bahn suburban lines and nine regional rail lines connecting Hamburg with other cities in the region.

Buses

The rail network is complemented by a wide range of bus routes, both intracity and intercity.

Ferry

There are six ferry lines serving the harbor and the Elbe River. These routes have two-digit numbers starting with 61. All ferries stop in Landungsbrücken.

Interesting places around Hamburg

North and Baltic Sea: islands and beaches

If you have a free day, we recommend going for a walk to the Wadden Sea, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This is a series of shallow areas along the coastline. Next, you can stop by the coastal town of Cuxhaven. Or Sylt, which is Germany's northernmost island. It is well known for its beaches and surfing. The best way to get to these places from Hamburg is by train.

Medieval cities: Lübeck, Wismar and Lüneburg

Most likely, you have heard about the Hanseatic city of Lübeck before. After all, once it was the leading city of the Hanseatic League. Until our time, the city has preserved a unique historical heritage, and its center has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is a must see in Northern Germany. Just one hour from Lübeck is Wismar. This charming city has been awarded UNESCO World Heritage Site status for its beautifully restored townhouses.

Lüneburg completes the list of must-have historic cities in the vicinity of Hamburg. This medieval city still remembers the times when it was one of the richest cities in Northern Europe. You can easily and quickly get here by car or train.

Sights of Hamburg

Thanks to its cultural and historical heritage, the charm of the sea Hamburg is one of the most beautiful and interesting cities in Germany. "Gate to the World", as the port city on the Elbe is often called, offers tourists to get acquainted with the sights of the past and the present time of one of the main and richest Hanseatic cities.

Landungsbrücken

Landungsbrücken, Hamburg

Landungsbrücken or simply the Pier (Wharf) is one of the symbols of Hamburg, which offers gorgeous views and unsurpassed historical buildings.

Two towers with beautiful green roofs mark the 205-meter terminal between the lower harbour, the Reeperbahn and the Fischmarkt. Situated on the Elbe, Landungsbrücken (German: Landungsbrücken, meaning illuminated boarding bridges) was once home to ships and now functions as a link for underground and suburban trains. In addition, all Hamburg ferries depart from here.

Port

Hamburg

The Port of Hamburg is the second largest seaport in Europe and one of the nine largest container harbors in the world. More than eight million containers are handled here annually. Despite the purely practical application, the port is one of the most popular attractions in Hamburg and northern Germany.

About 13,000 ships from all over the world visit the second largest port in Europe every year. From port terminals to historic Speicherstadt warehouses, boarding bridges and a modern container port, you can smell and hear the flavors and languages ​​of many countries, feel the rich maritime past of Hamburg and the true atmosphere of a free Hanseatic city. And by taking a ferry ride or visiting one of the legendary museum ships, you will once again be convinced that Hamburg is the sea capital of Northern Germany.

Speicherstadt (Speicherstadt)

Speicherstadt (Speicherstadt) - one of the main attractions of Hamburg, the world's largest integrated warehouse complex, built in 1883. Since 1991 it has been a monument of history and architecture. The warehouses are built on oak piles, and the entire area is riddled with channels that flood at high tide and become accessible to ships. You can travel through the narrow channels on small barges to enjoy the architectural details if the tide is high.

We highly recommend walking in this area after dark, when Speicherstadt is shrouded in an aura of mystery. At this time of day, red-brick buildings and steel bridges are skillfully illuminated by 800 spotlights. And the atmosphere becomes simply fabulous: the illuminated facades of old Gothic port buildings, their reflections in the water of the canals and the spicy aromas of goods from all over the world.

HafenCity combines tradition and modernity in a unique symbiosis for a true architectural and cultural delight. The modern architecture of HafenCity creates an interesting contrast to the historic warehouse area of ​​Speicherstadt.

The area's architectural landmark is the futuristic Elbphilharmonie, with its impressive glass façade and undulating roof that rises from the former Kaispeicher building at the western end of HafenCity. Inside there are two concert halls, a hotel and residential apartments. Between the old warehouse and the glass structure is a public area for viewing and visiting, which extends around the entire building. This state-of-the-art facility opened in January 2017.

Miniature Wonderland is the largest model railway system in the world and has been voted Germany's most popular tourist attraction. Visitors can admire different countries and even a miniature airport. In addition to impressive miniature versions of Hamburg, the mountainous German region of Harz, the Austrian Alps, France, Italy, North America and Scandinavia are represented. A very interesting place for all the curious.

The City Hall is an eclectic neo-Renaissance building from the late 19th century that houses the city government of Hamburg. This town hall is the sixth building of this type in the city. The rest, for certain reasons, have not survived to this day.

Church of St. Michael is one of the most famous religious buildings in the city, the tower of which has become one of the symbols of Hamburg. It was built at the beginning of the 20th century. Previous buildings were damaged during fires. The 132 meter high tower with the largest belfry in Germany offers a fantastic view of the city.

The planetarium is one of the oldest observatories of its kind in the world, located in the northwestern part of Hamburg and opened in 1930. The building itself is a modernized old water tower from the early 20th century.

Video - City of Hamburg

Germany is a country of many cities. According to estimates, there are 2,500 of them (together with villages).

Cities with a population of 100,000 people are already considered large in Germany and are called Großstadt. There are 80 of these in the country. Of these, four - namely Berlin, Hamburg, Köln, München - are cities with a population of one million - the number of which has exceeded one million people.

In this note, German cities will be given in German. More precisely, 100 of them are the largest or most popular. Next to each city name, even the number of inhabitants in it is indicated. In addition, the cities in this note are structured in a convenient way: according to the lands in which they settled. After all, as you know, Germany consists of 16 lands, and about six of them I have already written history in detail

German cities in German

The names of the German states are marked in red, and the name of the capital of this state is marked in bold italics.

Hamburg – Hamburg

Hamburg – Hamburg– 1,786,450 people

Schleswig-Holstein – Schleswig-Holstein

Kiel - Kiel - 239 500

Flensburg – Flensburg – 90,000
Lübeck – Lübeck – 210 230

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern - Mecklenburg - Vorpommern

Schwerin – Schwerin – 95 220

Rostock – Rostock – 202 700
Stralsund – Stralsund – 57,670
Wismar - Wismar - 44,400 people

Greifswald - Greifswald - 54,600

Niedersachsen – Lower Saxony

Hannover – Hannover – 522 700
Cuxhaven – Cuxhaven – 54,400
Oldenburg – Oldenburg – 162 170
Celle – Celle – 70 240
Wolfsburg - Wolfsburg - 121 500

Osnabrück - Osnabrück - 164 100
Braunschweig - Braunschweig - 249,000
Hildesheim – Hildesheim – 103,000
Goslar - Goslar - 41,000
Göttingen – Göttingen – 121 060

Bremen – Bremen

Bremen - Bremen - 548 000
Bremerhaven - Bremen port - 113 370

Sachsen-Anhalt – Saxony-Anhalt

Magdeburg – Magdeburg – 231 500
Quedlinburg – Quedlinburg – 28 420
Halle - Halle (Halle) - 233,000
Lutherstadt Wittenberg – Lutherstadt Wittenberg – 49,500

Brandenburg – Brandenburg

Potsdam - Postdam – 156 900
Brandenburg an der Hafel - Brandenburg an der Hafel - 71,800
Eisenhüttenstadt - Eisenhüttenstadt - 31 130 (and once the city with such a complex name was Stalinstadt)
Cottbus - Cottbus - 103,000

Berlin - Berlin

Berlin - Berlin – 3 460 725

Sachsen - Saxony

Dresden – Dresden – 523 100
Leipzig – Leipzig – 522 800
Meißen – Meissen – 27 545
Chemnitz - Chemnitz - 243 250
Zwickau - Zwickau - 93 800

Hesse – Hesse

Wiesbaden – Wiesbaden – 276 000

Frankfurt am Main - Frankfurt am Main - 680,000
Kassel - Kassel - 195 500
Marburg – Marburg – 80 700
Fulda - Fulda - 65,000

Offenbach – Offenbach – 121,000
Darmstadt - Darmstadt - 145,000

Thüringen - Thuringia

Erfurt – Erfurt – 206 000
Eisenach - Eisenbach - 43,000
Jena - Jena - 105 500
Weimar - Weimar (Weimar) - 66,000

Nordrhein-Westfalen - North Rhine-Westphalia

There are many big cities in this land...

Koln – Cologne – 1 010 000
Essen - Essen - 575,000
Bielefeld - Bielefeld - 324,000
Münster - Münster - 280,000

Paderborn – Paderborn – 147,000
Dortmund - Dortmund - 582,000
Bochum - Bochum - 375,000
Oberhausen - Oberhausen - 213,000

Duisburg - Disburg - 490,000
Krefeld - Krefeld - 235,000
Wuppertal - Wuppertal - 351,000
Düsseldorf - Düsseldorf - 589,000

Bergisch Gladbach - Bergisch Gladbach - 106,000
Aachen - Aachen - 260,000
Bonn - Bonn - 325,000

Rheinland-Pfalz - Rhineland-Palatinate

Mainz – Mainz – 200 000

Trier - Trier - 107,000

Koblenz - Koblenz - 107,000
Worms - Worms - 82,000

Kaiserslautern - Kaiserslautern - 100,000
Neustadt an der Weinstraße - Neustadt an der Weinstraße - 53,000
Speyer - Speyer - 50,000

Saarland - Saarland

Saarbrücken – Saarbrücken 176 000
Völklingen - Völklingen - 40,000

Baden-Württemberg – Baden-Württemberg

Stuttgart – Stuttgart – 607 000
Mannheim - Mannheim - 315,000
Heidelberg – Heidelberg – 147,000
Heilbronn – Heilbronn – 123,000

Schwäbisch Hall - Schwäbisch Hall - 38,000
Karlsruhe - Karlsruhe - 296,000
Baden-Baden - Baden-Baden - 55,000
Esslingen am Neckar - Esslingen am Neckar - 93,000

Tübingen – Tübingen – 89,000
Ulm – Ulm – 123,000
Freiburg – Freiburg – 225,000
Ravensburg - Ravensburg - 50,000
Konstanz - Konstanz - 86 000

Bayern - Bavaria

Munich – Munich – 1 354 000
Coburg - Coburg - 42,000
Schweinfurt - Schweinfurt - 54,000
Aschaffenburg - Aschaffenburg - 69,000

Würzburg - Würzburg - 134,000
Bamberg – Bamberg – 70,000
Bayreuth - Bayreuth - 135,000
Erlangen - Erlangen - 106,000

Furth - Furth - 115,000
Nürnberg – Nuremberg – 506,000
Rothenburg ob der Tauber – Rothenburg ob der Tauber – 11,025
Regensburg - Regensburg - 105,000

Ingolstadt - Ingolstadt - 126,000
Passau - Passau - 51,000
Augsburg - Augsburg - 265,000
Fussen - Fussen - 14 300

By the way, if you want to write a story about German cities in German - more precisely, about one of them - you need to look at.

Die Hamburger Universität ist nicht besonders alt, sie gründete man 1919. The University of Hamburg is not very old, it was founded in 1919.

Die Uni hatte damals nur 6 Fakultäten. At that time, the university had only 6 faculties.

Spater, nachdem sie reorganisiert wurde, bekam sie Fachbereiche. Later, after he was reorganized, he received specialties.

Zurzeit gibt es hier 19 Fachbereiche, sowohl für geisteswissenschaftliche, als auch für naturwissenschaftliche Wissenschaften. Currently, there are 19 specialties, both humanities and natural sciences.

Man braucht vor der Immatrikulation nur das Abschlusszeugnis des Gymnasiums oder der Hauptschule vorzulegen. Before enrollment, you only need to present a high school or basic school certificate.

Hunderte immatrikuliert man an der Uni, einige exmatrikuliert, wenn sie schlecht studieren, denn eine harte selbständige Arbeit aller Studenten ist das Hauptprinzip aller Hochschulen Deutschlands. Hundreds are enrolled in the university, some are expelled if they study poorly, since the main principle of the milestones of German universities is the hard independent work of all students.

Das halten nicht alle aus. Not everyone can stand it.

Jeder Student stellt nach der Immatrikulation selbst seinen Studienplan für die ganze Studienzeit zusammen. Each student, after enrollment, independently draws up his own curriculum for the entire period of study.

Eine der stärksten und wahrscheinlich eine der wichtigsten Seiten der deutschen Hochschulausbildung ist das Studentenrecht, Professoren, Seminare, das Thema der Prüfung und Abschlussprüfung zu wählen. One of the strongest and probably one of the most important aspects of German higher education is the right of students to choose professors, seminars, exam topics and final exams.

Wie in allen deutschen Hochschulen teilt sich das Studium an der Unversität in zwei Abschnitte: Grundstudium (vier erste Semester) und Hauptstudium (alle Semester nach dem Grundstudium). As in all German universities, studies at the university are divided into two stages: the initial stage (the first four semesters) and the main stage (all semesters after the main stage).

Die Studienzeit dauert 8 Semester. Study time lasts 8 semesters.

Aber wenn man 2 or 3 Seminare (Studienrichtungen) wählt, so studiert man 12 bis 14 Semester. But if they choose 2 or 3 seminars (directions of preparation), then they study 12-14 semesters.

Es gibt im Hochschulbereich folgende Formen des Studiums: Seminare, Übungen und Vorlesungen. In the field of higher education, the following forms of education are available: seminars, practical exercises and lectures.

Hauptformen des Studiums sind Seminare. The main form of education is seminars.

Die Hauptseminare beginnen im 5.Semester. The main seminars start in the 5th semester.

Jeder Tutor spornt Studenten an, seine eigene Meinung zu entwickeln und sie zu begründen. Each mentor encourages students to develop their own opinion and justify it.

Die Studenten schreiben zu jedem Seminar ein Referat. Students write an abstract for each seminar.

Sein Umfang ist 20–25 maschinegeschriebene Seiten. Its volume is 20 - 25 typewritten pages.

Die Auswahl von Themen ist gross. The choice of topics is great.

Wer die Wahl hat, hat die Qual. Whom to choose, and to break his head.

Dabei hilft ihnen entweder ihr Tutor oder Professor. At the same time, either a curator or a professor helps them.

Die Studenten legen während des Studiums nur zwei Prüfungen ab: die erste Prüfung nach dem Grundstudium und die zweite Prüfung nach dem Hauptstudium, so genannte Abschlussprüfung. During their studies, students take only two exams: the first after the initial stage and the second after the main stage, the so-called final exam.

Es gibt hier im Vergleich mit Examen an russischen Hochschulen einen großen Unterschied: die Studenten legen hier nicht das ganze Lehrmaterial ab, sondern nur das Thema, das sie selbst wählten und danach mit dem Professor besprachen. Here there is a big difference in comparison with exams in Russian universities: students do not pass all the educational material, but only the topic that they themselves have chosen and then discussed with the professor.

In jedem Studienjahr hat man zwei Semester. Each academic year has two semesters.

Das Wintersemester beginnt am 1. Oktober und dauert bis zum 30. März, einschließlich 10-12 Tage Weihnachtsferien. The winter semester starts on October 1 and runs until March 30, including 10-12 days of Christmas holidays.

Das Sommersemester dauert set dem 1. April und bis zum 30. September. The summer semester runs from April 1 to September 30.

Das ist im Vergleich zu den Terminen in Russland ein Unterschied. This is a difference in comparison with the terms in Russia.

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