The main general educational program of preschool education. Goals and objectives of the program implementation

About preschool education programs

Among the factors influencing the efficiency and quality of education of children in preschool educational institutions, an important role belongs to the educational program. The modern differentiation of preschool education, the variety of types of preschool educational institutions suggest significant variability in the use of programs and pedagogical technologies. In accordance with paragraph 5 of Article 14 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”, each educational institution is granted the right to independently develop or choose from a set of options those programs that most fully take into account the specific conditions of work of the preschool educational institution. In the context of the new educational policy of education variability, a number of domestic programs and pedagogical technologies of a new generation have been developed. All programs provide different approaches to the organization of the pedagogical process in kindergarten.

Letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of April 24, 1995 N 46 / 19-15 "Recommendations for the examination of educational programs for preschool educational institutions of the Russian Federation"

All programs of preschool institutions can be divided into complex and partial.

Complex(or general developmental) - include all the main directions of the development of the child: physical, cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic; contribute to the formation of various abilities (mental, communicative, motor, creative), the formation of specific types of children's activities (subject, game, theatrical, visual, musical activities, design, etc.).

Partial(specialized, local) - include one or more areas of development of the child. The integrity of the educational process can be achieved not only by using one main (complex) program, but also by the method of qualified selection of partial programs.

Comprehensive preschool education programs

· The program of education and training in kindergarten, ed. Vasilyeva

Program "Rainbow"

Program "From childhood to adolescence"

Program "Childhood"

Program "Origins"

Program "Development"

The program "Baby"

Partial Preschool Education Programs

The program of the health-saving direction "Fundamentals of safety for preschool children"

Programs of ecological education

Programs of the artistic and aesthetic cycle

· Programs of social and moral development of preschoolers

Programs of physical development and health of preschool children, etc.

About modern programs for preschool educational institutions

Programs developed by author teams in our country or borrowed from foreign pedagogy have undoubted advantages, originality of approaches to the construction of pedagogical work and a variety of views on the child and his development. At the same time, each program may contain features that are not always undeniably accepted by every teacher. A large internal assessment is needed of whether the theoretical concept of a particular program is close to the worldview of the teacher. Formal transfer of any most remarkable program to the existing pedagogical situation will not be able to lead to a positive effect. Therefore, knowledge of various approaches to the organization of the pedagogical process is very useful and promising for future teachers.

Many programs have been developed by serious scientists or large research teams who have tested experimental programs in practice for many years. Collectives of preschool institutions in collaboration with qualified methodologists also created original programs. In order to protect the child from incompetent pedagogical influence in the context of the variability of education, the Ministry of Education of Russia in 1995 prepared a methodological letter "Recommendations for the examination of educational programs for preschool educational institutions of the Russian Federation", which indicated that complex and partial programs should be based on the principle of personal- oriented interaction of adults with children and should provide:

protection and strengthening of the physical and mental health of children, their physical development;

the emotional well-being of each child;

intellectual development of the child;

creation of conditions for the development of the child's personality, his creative abilities;

introducing children to universal values;

interaction with the family to ensure the full development of the child.

The recommendations state that the programs should provide for the organization of children's life in the classroom, in non-regulated activities and in the free time provided for the child in kindergarten during the day. At the same time, an optimal combination of individual and joint activities of children in its various types (game, design, visual, musical, theatrical and other activities) should be laid down.

At present, all kinds of programs and manuals for the upbringing and education of children in a preschool institution have been published and distributed through various pedagogical seminars. A number of programs are the result of many years of work of scientific and scientific-pedagogical teams. All these programs show different approaches to the organization of the pedagogical process in kindergarten. It is the teaching staff that will have to choose the program according to which this preschool institution will work.

Modern educational programs for preschool institutions

Rainbow program

The program "Kindergarten - the house of joy"

Development program

Gifted Child Program

Origins program

Program "Childhood"

Program "From childhood to adolescence"

TRIZ program

Program "Young ecologist"

Program "I am a man"

Program "Friendly guys"

Heritage program

The program "Fundamentals of Safety for Preschool Children"

Program "Preschooler and Economics"

Expansion of the educational space of modern preschool education

Using foreign experience in the work of preschool educational institutions

Pedagogy of Maria Montessori

Waldorf Kindergarten

"Pilot School"

"Step by step" (Step by step)

Center for early socialization of children "Green Door", etc.

(Literature: Modern educational programs for preschool institutions - M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 1999. - 344 p. / Edited by Erofeeva T.I.)

What are the programs?

Programs are complex and partial. Comprehensive programs include all the main areas of child development: physical, intellectual, moral, social, aesthetic. And partial - one or more of the directions. As a rule, a kindergarten takes one of the complex programs as a basis, but there are also kindergartens that have strong teaching teams that combine a comprehensive program with partial ones, adding their own pedagogical ideas. Until 1991, there was only one comprehensive program - the Standard. It was strictly according to it that all Soviet kindergartens worked, and thanks to it, our system of preschool education was recognized as the best in the world. However, the Model Program severely limited the creativity of teachers, did not allow for an individual approach to each child, and its content did not correspond to the rapid changes in our society. Therefore, in 1991, they were allowed not only to make changes to it, but also to create complex, "with variations", and author's programs. By the way, the Model Program, created by a team of the best domestic teachers and psychologists, is still “alive”. It has been republished many times, it has been amended to meet the modern requirements of the supplement. Many kindergartens work on it now. In particular, this program is very popular in Japan. The educational program is a document that defines the content of the educational process in kindergarten. It takes into account everything: the goals and objectives of the work of teachers with children, the main directions and forms of work, the organization of the environment in which the baby is located, the amount of knowledge, skills and abilities that the child must master before school. Each program also contains a set of guidelines. However, according to the Law of the Russian Federation, only those programs that comply with the state educational standard and, on the basis of this, are approved and recommended for work in kindergartens by the Ministry of Education, have the right to be called a document.

Overview of integrated programs

The first program we will talk about is called " Rainbow ". The team of authors are employees of the laboratory of preschool education of the Institute of General Education of the Ministry of General and Vocational Education of the Russian Federation. The program was developed under the guidance of Ph.D. n. T.N. Doronova.

Work on it has been carried out since 1989 by order of the Ministry of Education of Russia. Where does this name come from? The authors named their program, figuratively comparing it with a real rainbow: the seven most important activities of children and activities in the process of which the upbringing and development of the child takes place. We are talking about: physical culture, play, fine arts (based on acquaintance with folk arts and crafts), design, music and plastic arts, speech development and familiarization with the outside world, mathematics. One of the main ideas of the program is to create a "search" developing environment in all areas of the kindergarten. It is believed that, having a naturally inquisitive mind, the baby will "dig" to the goal, then strive for new achievements.

Program " Development »created a team of authors from the Institute of Preschool Education and Family Education of the Russian Academy of Education. And the doctor of psychological sciences L.A. began to develop it. Wenger. The main idea of the program is that preschool childhood is a unique period in a person's life. The authors emphasize that in no case should a child be put under pressure by imposing school forms of education that are alien to a preschool child. And it is worth, relying on the abilities given to the baby by nature, to form ideas about the world around him in the game. The authors of the program pay special attention to the mental and artistic development of children.

Program " gifted child ” was developed by the same team of authors as “Development”. This is a kind of "variation" of the previous idea, but designed to work with children of six or seven years old with a high level of mental development. The program also aims to develop the artistic abilities of such kids. The authors of the program "Kindergarten - the house of joy" - Ph.D. N.M. Krylov and V.T. Ivanova, educator-innovator. The basis of the "House of Joy" is the principle of interaction between parents, educators and kids. The specificity of the program lies in the fact that the educator does not work according to the plan, but according to the scenarios of the 12-hour working day developed by the authors. Every day in such a garden for a child is a small performance, where each kid plays his role. The goal is to develop individuality in the child. Particular attention in each age group is paid to the development of those activities that require maximum independence from the child: self-service, household work, games, productive activities, communication.

« origins » is one of the most popular programs in modern gardens. The team of authors - researchers of the Center "Preschool Childhood" named after. A.V. Zaporozhets. It was developed by order of the Moscow Department of Education as a basic program for the development of a preschooler. It is based on many years of psychological and pedagogical research conducted under the guidance of Academician A.V. Zaporozhets. And it takes into account modern trends in the development of domestic preschool education. The program allows the teacher to find an individual approach to each child. The goal is the versatile development of the baby, the formation of universal, including creative, abilities. As well as the preservation and strengthening of the physical and mental health of children.

Program " Childhood » was developed by a team of authors - teachers of the Department of Preschool Pedagogy of the Russian State Pedagogical University. A.I. Herzen. It is aimed at revealing the individual qualities of the child and helping him to adapt to society. The peculiarity of the program lies in the fact that all types of activities: various activities, communication with adults and peers, play, work, experimentation, and theatricalization are very closely intertwined. This makes it possible for the child not only to memorize separate knowledge from each other, but to quietly accumulate a variety of ideas about the world, to master all kinds of knowledge, skills and abilities, to comprehend their capabilities. The program includes four main blocks: "Knowledge", "Humanity", "Creation", "Healthy Lifestyle".

« From childhood to adolescence o ”- this is how the group of authors under the leadership of Ph.D. T.N. Doronova. The program is conceived and developed for parents and teachers raising children from 4 to 10 years old. Its fundamental difference from others is that it provides for a close relationship between the children's institution and the family in all areas of the development of the child's personality.

Another program is School 2100 ". Scientific adviser and author of the idea - A.A. Leontiev. The authors are Buneev, Buneeva, Peterson, Vakhrushev, Kochemasova and others. The main idea is the implementation of the principle of continuous education and the continuity between preschool education, primary and secondary schools.

Partial programs

program TRIZ invented by G.S. Altshuller. TRIZ stands for the theory of inventive problem solving. Its goal is not just to develop the child's imagination, but to teach them to think systematically, to make sure that the baby understands the process, delve into it. The teacher in the conditions of this program does not give ready-made knowledge to children, does not reveal the truth to them, but teaches them to comprehend it on their own, awakens interest in knowledge. The Young Ecologist program was developed by Ph.D. S.N. Nikolaeva. It is aimed, as the name implies, at introducing preschoolers to nature, at environmental education and development. Teachers, using this program, are trying to educate children in an ecological culture, the ability to observe and draw conclusions from their observations, to teach them to understand and love the surrounding nature.

"I am a human k” was developed by professor, Ph.D. S.A. Kozlova. The program is based on introducing the child to the social world. With its help, it is possible to develop in the baby an interest in the world of people and himself, to initiate the formation of a worldview, the creation of his own “picture of the world”.

The team of authors led by R.S. Bure, Ph.D., Professor of the Department of Preschool Pedagogy, Moscow State Pedagogical University, created the program "Friendly Guys". It is based on the education of humane feelings and relations between preschool children. Another program is "Heritage", developed by Ph.D. M. Novitskaya and E.V. Solovieva, is based on the acquaintance of children with traditional Russian culture.

The main task of the program "Fundamentals of Safety for Preschool Children" is to stimulate the development of independence in preschool children, responsibility for their behavior. Including the program teaches kids to react correctly in various life situations, including dangerous and extreme situations. Authors: Ph.D. N.N. Avdeeva, Ph.D. O.L. Knyazev, Ph.D. R.B. Sterkin. The same team of authors created a wonderful program of social and emotional development "I, you, we." This program allows each child to open up, learn to manage their emotions and understand the emotional state of others.

The program "Preschooler and ... Economics" was invented by Ph.D. HELL. Shatov. Its goal is to teach children to understand and appreciate the world around them, to respect people who can work well and earn their living. And besides, to be aware at a level accessible to a preschooler of the relationship between the concepts of "labor - product - money". The program is designed for children of preschool age.

In the "Golden Key" the pedagogical process is based on the family principle. The life of children is filled with successive events, which makes an emotional impression on the child, resonates in his soul. Authors: Ph.D. G.G. Kravtsov, Ph.D. HER. Kravtsov.

The team of authors of the Nizhny Novgorod Humanitarian Center under the leadership of the candidate of pedagogical sciences G.G. Grigoryeva developed the program "Baby". This is a program of integrated development and education of children under the age of three. Its goal is to help parents realize the inherent value and special significance of the early period of a person's life, to assist in understanding their own child, in finding and choosing adequate ways and means, methods of education.

"The program of education and training in kindergarten" ed. M.A. Vasilyeva, V.V. Gerbova, T.S. Komarova(3rd edition M., 2005) is a state program document, which is prepared taking into account the latest achievements of modern science and the practice of domestic preschool education and is a modern variable program that comprehensively presents all the main content lines of upbringing, education and development of the child from birth to 7 years.

The program highlights the developing function of education, which ensures the development of the child's personality and reveals his individual characteristics.

The program is based on the principle of cultural conformity. The implementation of this principle ensures that national values and traditions are taken into account in education, makes up for the shortcomings of the spiritual, moral and emotional education of the child.

The main criterion for selecting program material is its educational value, the high artistic level of the works of culture used (classical, both domestic and foreign), the possibility of developing the child's all-round abilities at each stage of preschool childhood.

The main goals of the program are the creation of favorable conditions for a full-fledged life of a child in preschool childhood, the formation of the foundations of a basic personality culture, the comprehensive development of mental and physical qualities in accordance with age and individual characteristics, and the preparation of a child for life in modern society.

These goals are realized in the process of various types of children's activities: play, educational, artistic, motor, elementary labor.

To achieve the goals of the program, the following are of paramount importance:

Caring for the health, emotional well-being and timely comprehensive development of each child;

Creation in groups of an atmosphere of a humane and benevolent attitude towards all pupils, which will allow them to grow up sociable, kind, inquisitive, proactive, striving for independence and creativity;

Maximum use of various types of children's activities; their integration in order to increase the efficiency of the educational process;

Creativity (creative organization) of the process of education and training;

The variability of the use of educational material, which allows developing creativity in accordance with the interests and inclinations of each child;

Respect for the results of children's creativity;

Ensuring the development of the child in the process of education and training;

Coordination of approaches to the upbringing of children in the conditions of preschool educational institutions and families;

Ensuring the participation of the family in the life of kindergarten groups and preschool institutions as a whole;

Compliance with continuity in the work of kindergarten and primary school, excluding mental and physical overload in the content of the education of a child of preschool age.

It is quite obvious that the solution of the goals and objectives of education outlined in the program is possible only with the targeted influence of the teacher on the child from the first days of his stay in a preschool educational institution. The level of general development that the child will achieve and the degree of moral qualities acquired by him depend on the pedagogical skill of each educator, his culture, love for children. Taking care of the health and comprehensive education of children, teachers of preschool educational institutions together with family should strive to make every child's childhood happy.

Program Structure: The program is composed by age groups. It covers four age periods of physical and mental development of children:

Early age - from birth to 2 years (first and second groups of early age);

Junior preschool age - from 2 to 4 years (first and second junior groups);

Average age - from 4 to 5 years (middle group);

Senior preschool age - from 5 to 7 years (senior and preparatory groups for school).

The program has developed the content of children's holidays, entertainment and leisure activities. Approximate levels of development are determined, which reflect the achievements acquired by the child by the end of each year of stay in a preschool institution.

The program is accompanied by lists of literary and musical works, didactic and outdoor games recommended for use in the pedagogical process.

Overview of Partial Programs

PROGRAM "BASICS OF SAFETY OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN"(R. B. Sterkina, O. L. Knyazeva, N. N. Avdeeva)

The program involves solving the most important socio-pedagogical task - educating the child's skills of adequate behavior in various unexpected situations. Developed on the basis of the draft state standard for preschool education. It contains a set of materials that provide stimulation in preschool childhood (senior preschool age) of independence and responsibility for one's behavior. Its goals are to develop the skills of reasonable behavior in a child, to teach them to behave appropriately in dangerous situations at home and on the street, in public transport, when communicating with strangers, interacting with fire hazardous and other objects, animals and poisonous plants; contribute to the formation of the foundations of ecological culture, familiarization with a healthy lifestyle. The program is addressed to educators of senior groups of preschool educational institutions. It consists of an introduction and six sections, the content of which reflects the changes in the life of modern society and thematic planning, in accordance with which educational work with children is built: “Child and other people”, “Child and nature”, “Child at home”, “Child health ”, “Emotional well-being of the child”, “Child on the city street”. The content of the program leaves each preschool institution the right to use various forms and methods of organizing education, taking into account the individual and age characteristics of children, sociocultural differences, the uniqueness of home and living conditions, as well as the general socio-economic and criminogenic situation. Due to the special importance of protecting the life and health of children, the program requires mandatory observance of its basic principles: completeness (implementation of all its sections), consistency, taking into account the conditions of urban and rural areas, seasonality, and age targeting. Recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.

PROGRAM "I, YOU, WE"(O. L. Knyazeva, R. B. Sterkina)

The proposed program is relevant for all types of preschool educational institutions and can effectively complement any preschool education program. Provides the basic (federal) component of the state standard for preschool education. It was developed in order to fill a significant gap in traditional domestic education related to the social and emotional development of a preschool child. It is aimed at solving such important tasks as the formation of the emotional sphere, the development of the child's social competence. The program also helps to solve a set of educational tasks related to the upbringing of moral standards of behavior, the ability to build one’s relationships with children and adults, a respectful attitude towards them, a worthy way out of conflict situations, as well as self-confidence, the ability to adequately assess one’s own capabilities. Recommended by the Ministry of Education RF.

DISCOVER YOURSELF PROGRAM(E. V. Ryleeva)

It is devoted to the most important problem of modern preschool education - the individualization of the personal development of children two to six years old and the task of developing self-awareness in preschoolers by means of speech activity, which is inextricably linked with it. The program is based on the principles of humanistic psychology and the author's technology based on them, which allows to personalize the educational content, make it more flexible, adequate to the needs and interests of children with different levels of personality development and abilities. It covers several leading areas of the state standard of preschool education: "Speech development", "Development of ideas about a person in history and culture", "Development of natural science ideas", "Development of ecological culture". It has a block structure, a concentric layout of educational material, which allows children to selectively assimilate the educational content of the program. The main thematic blocks of the program: “I am like this”, “The world of people”, “The world is not made by hands”, “I can” - provide the formation of ideas about significant areas of human life, allow you to correct self-esteem, prepare children to overcome difficulties on their own. The program provides for the possibility of active involvement in the pedagogical process of the parents of pupils. It is addressed to educators of preschool educational institutions, teachers of educational institutions such as "Primary School - Kindergarten", psychologists, tutors, parents. Approved by the Federal Expert Council for General Education.

3. Introduction to reading and writing (junior, middle group); preparation for teaching literacy (from the senior group).

4. Formation of ideas about the surrounding world about oneself (younger age).

5. Acquaintance with nature (middle group).

6. Formation of elementary ecological ideas.

7. Development of elements of logical thinking (from the senior group).

8. Formation of elementary mathematical representations (from the middle group).

9. Acquaintance with spatial relationships (from the middle group).

10. Constructive activity.

11. Visual activity.

12. Game activity.

In the program complex missing sections"Development of Musicality" and "Physical Development". The authors recommend programs: "Harmony", "Synthesis" (,); "Baby" () - musical education and development; recommendations on the organization of physical education in the preschool educational institution Makhaneva. The program offers additional sections: "Artistic Design", "Expressive Movement", "Director's Game".

Software and methodological support: Program "Development" (for each age group); lesson plans for the Development program (for each age group); "Educator's diary: the development of preschool children"; "Pedagogical diagnostics"; "Diagnosis of mental development of children of senior preschool age" (theoretical and practical material); "Recommendations for identifying mentally gifted children aged 5-6".

The program of education and training in kindergarten, ed. ,(3rd edition M., 2005) is a state program document, which is prepared taking into account the latest achievements of modern science and the practice of domestic preschool education and is a modern variable program that comprehensively presents all the main content lines of upbringing, education and development of the child from birth to 7 years.

The program highlights the developing function of education, which ensures the development of the child's personality and reveals his individual characteristics.

These goals are realized in the process of various types of children's activities: play, educational, artistic, motor, elementary labor.

To achieve the goals of the program, the following are of paramount importance:

Caring for the health, emotional well-being and timely comprehensive development of each child;

Maximum use of various types of children's activities; their integration in order to increase the efficiency of the educational process;

Creativity (creative organization) of the process of education and training;

The variability of the use of educational material, which allows developing creativity in accordance with the interests and inclinations of each child;

Respect for the results of children's creativity;

Ensuring the development of the child in the process of education and training;

Coordination of approaches to the upbringing of children in the conditions of preschool educational institutions and families;

Ensuring the participation of the family in the life of kindergarten groups and preschool institutions as a whole;

Compliance with continuity in the work of kindergarten and primary school, excluding mental and physical overload in the content of the education of a child of preschool age.

Program Structure: The program is composed by age groups. It covers four age periods of physical and mental development of children:

Early age - from birth to 2 years (first and second groups of early age);

Junior preschool age - from 2 to 4 years (first and second junior groups);

Average age - from 4 to 5 years (middle group);

Senior preschool age - from 5 to 7 years (senior and preparatory groups for school).

In each section of the program, a characteristic is given of the age-related characteristics of the mental and physical development of children, general and special tasks of upbringing and education are defined, the features of organizing the life of children, the formation of the necessary ideas, vital skills and abilities in the learning process and their development in everyday life. The program has developed the content of children's holidays, entertainment and leisure activities. Approximate levels of development are determined, which reflect the achievements acquired by the child by the end of each year of stay in a preschool institution .

The program is accompanied by lists of literary and musical works, didactic and outdoor games recommended for use in the pedagogical process.

The principles on which education is based are as follows:

the humanistic nature of education, the priority of universal human values, human life and health, and the free development of the individual. Education of citizenship, diligence, respect for human rights and freedoms, love for the environment, Motherland, family; unity of the federal cultural and educational space. Protection and development by the education system of national cultures, regional cultural traditions and characteristics in a multinational state; general accessibility of education, adaptability of the education system to the levels and characteristics of the development and training of students and pupils; the secular nature of education in state and municipal educational institutions; freedom and pluralism in education; democratic, state-public nature of education management. Autonomy of educational institutions.

3. Subjective assessment of the merits and controversial positions of the program.

The choice of programs for preschool educational institutions is very relevant at the present time. The Ministry of General and Vocational Education developed and brought to the attention of the educational authorities Instructional letter dated June 2, 1998 No. 89 / 34-16 “On the implementation of the right of preschool educational institutions to choose programs and pedagogical technologies”.

Currently, before the introduction of the State Educational Standard, there are Temporary (exemplary) requirements for the content and methods of education and training implemented in a preschool educational institution (Appendix to the order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated August 22, 1996 No. 000). State educational authorities, including the Ministry of Education of Russia, ensure the development of exemplary educational programs. The list of programs that have passed the examination of the federal level is contained in the information letters of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated March 24, 1995 No. 42 / 19-15, dated January 29, 1996 No. 90 / 19-15, dated July 18, 1997 No. 000 / 36 -fourteen. In 1999, a directory-reference book “Preschool Education in Russia” (ed.) was published, which also provides a list of recommended programs and new technologies for preschool institutions that meet the requirements of the state educational standard for preschool education.

Examination of programs is carried out by the Federal Expert Council for General Education of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. In case of a positive assessment, the program is recommended for use by preschool educational institutions of the Russian Federation. Regional (local) educational authorities can create expert councils (commissions) for the examination of preschool education programs for a particular region (city, district). Examination of a set of specialized (partial) programs is carried out by: The Council of Teachers of a preschool educational institution for the use of a set of programs in the work of this institution; by the commission for attestation of a preschool educational institution in the process of a comprehensive examination of its activities.

In accordance with paragraph 5 of article 14 and paragraph 2 of article 32 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education", as well as with paragraph 19 of the Model Regulations on a preschool educational institution (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 1, 1995 No. 000 ) a preschool educational institution independently, both in choosing educational programs from a set of variable programs, and in making changes and developing their own programs that do not have a signature stamp, subject to their correct implementation, can ensure the fulfillment of the Temporary (exemplary) requirements for the content and methods of education and training, implemented in a preschool educational institution.

The choice of programs depends on the type of preschool educational institutions: kindergarten; a kindergarten with the priority implementation of one or more areas of development of pupils; a compensatory type kindergarten with the priority implementation of a qualified correction of deviations in the physical and mental development of pupils; kindergarten supervision and rehabilitation with priority implementation of sanitary-hygienic, preventive and health-improving measures and procedures; combined type kindergarten; child development center - a kindergarten with the implementation of physical and psychological development, correction and rehabilitation of all pupils.

The selected program must meet the objectives of the preschool educational institution. It is not allowed to use in work with children programs that have not passed the appropriate examination at the federal or city level. At the Council of the labor collective or the pedagogical Council, a decision should be made on the introduction of a particular program in the work of a preschool institution. The program chosen by the kindergarten is recorded in the Charter of the kindergarten.

Despite the difficulties of the transition period, the changes taking place in the field of education preserve the best traditions of the Russian system of preschool education and undoubtedly have positive features. This was indicated in the analytical materials of the head of the Department of Preschool Education of the Ministry of Education Sterkina:

The principle of complexity is observed - the pedagogical process covers all the main directions of the child's development (physical, familiarization with the outside world, speech development, artistic and aesthetic, etc.), a system of measures is provided to protect and strengthen the health of children;

the use of some partial programs is combined with work in other areas of the pedagogical process; there is a development of new, non-traditional directions of the content of the work of a preschool educational institution, such as teaching choreography and rhythm, a foreign language, various new techniques of fine art, computer training, familiarization with national culture; greater emphasis is placed on creating conditions for independent experimentation and search activity of the children themselves, encouraging them to be creative in their activities, self-expression and improvisation in the process of its implementation; the integration of different types of activities, the complexity of the content contribute to the emancipation of the educational process in kindergarten; attempts are made to emotionally saturate the atmosphere in the learning process, which makes it possible to successfully overcome educational and disciplinary techniques and methods in the work of a teacher; there is a mastery of new pedagogical technologies, taking into account personality-oriented interaction - a transition to a new style of communication and play with the child; new forms and content of cooperation between teachers and parents are emerging, which contributes to overcoming formalism in continuity in the education and upbringing of a child in a kindergarten and family; the use of new models of the arrangement of the premises and its equipment ensures the child's need for joint activities with peers, and at the same time, conditions for individual lessons are created, which is important for the implementation of a real effective individual approach to children.

The program of development and (or) education is a necessary core in the work of a preschool institution. The main priorities of education are the preservation and promotion of health, the provision of favorable conditions for the development of all children, respect for the child's right to preserve their individuality in the implementation of the basic content of education and upbringing. Important components of any program and the pedagogical process in accordance with it are the construction of the regime and the place of play in kindergarten, the hygienic conditions for organizing life, classes and all children's activities, and disease prevention.
According to experts and organizers of preschool education, civilized control over the level of education is important. Control that can protect the child from incompetent pedagogical influences, from unprofessionalism. Such control was ensured by the introduction of state educational standards. In 1996, by order of the Minister of Education of the Russian Federation, "Temporary (exemplary) requirements for the content and methods of education and training implemented in a preschool educational institution" were established. These requirements apply both to educational programs and pedagogical technologies, and to the nature of the interaction of staff with children.
The development of new programs that have been carried out in domestic preschool education for a number of years and introduce new content of education and pedagogical technologies into practice, require the authors, first of all, to determine the conceptual approach to the development of the child, historical and pedagogical erudition, scientific conscientiousness, methodological literacy , creativity.
When creating new programs, it is inevitable to rely on the theoretical work of researchers and the use of elements of traditional technologies that ensured positive changes in the development of the child. At the same time, the theoretical competence of the authors and respect for their predecessors, their contribution to the theory and practice of preschool education are important. The combination of innovative approaches and traditions does not reduce the merits of new programs, but points to the further development of pedagogical thought.

The program focuses the attention of teachers on the interaction between an adult and a child, which is based on concern for the physical, mental and emotional well-being of the child.

The authors of the program believe that the recommendations for organizing a healthy lifestyle for children must be strictly followed. The child should move throughout the day (2/3 of the duration of the wakefulness period). Be sure to purposeful daily specially organized classes (classical physical education or rhythmic music). Walks include physical education classes as their components. The program provides for an active-motor rise after sleep (morning exercises at home), as well as a hygienic warm-up before breakfast as a necessary activator of the child's body. The program emphasizes the importance of the teacher's knowledge and ability to determine the characteristics of the child's physical development in order to form a culture of movement in children. Distinctive features of the section: for successful physical education, the authors of the program propose to draw up a kind of “forecast map” for each child with a characteristic of the “today's” state of the child, his physical development and motor activity. The forecast map: reflects (at each age stage) the characteristics of the child's development (development of muscles, organs, systems, etc.); those parts of the body are determined, for the strengthening of which developing, strengthening or improving actions are needed; those movements are determined that at this stage are contraindicated for the child, can harm him; those forms of movements are selected that allow achieving age-related physical perfection (not individual motor skills, but physical perfection in relation to a given age). Such an analysis requires the joint work of medical workers and group teachers, as well as parents.
for the teaching staff: the implementation of the program requires a high organization of labor. It is necessary to learn how to combine increased requirements for other sections of the program with the need to carry out physical education of children.

"The program of education and training in kindergarten"(authors, Gerbova T.S. - M.: Mozaika-Sintez, 2005).

The main task is to protect the life and improve the health of children, comprehensive education and training, preparation for school.
The program is composed by age groups. It covers four age stages of the physical and mental development of children: early age - from birth to 2 years (first and second groups of early age), younger preschool age - from 2 to 4 years (first and second younger groups), middle age - up to 5 years (middle group), senior preschool age - from 5 to 7 years (senior and preparatory to school). In accordance with this program, physical education in a preschool institution should be carried out both in special physical education classes and in everyday life. In all age groups, much attention is paid to educating children in cultural and hygienic skills, correct posture. In the physical education of preschoolers, a large place is given to physical exercises in the form of a game, and outdoor games. The program of the senior and preparatory groups for school includes teaching children sports exercises and elements of sports games (basketball, football, hockey, badminton, table tennis, playing towns).
The program focuses on the fact that proper physical education in all age groups can be ensured only with constant medical and pedagogical control. During their stay in kindergarten, children should be brought up with the need to systematically perform morning exercises, hardening procedures, maintain correct posture, and also form strong cultural and hygienic skills, the need for daily motor activity, the skills of correct, rhythmic, easy walking, running.
Distinctive features: relying on detailed methodological recommendations that provide great assistance in the implementation of this program, the teaching staff will avoid many difficulties. For successful work, modern methods and technologies for educating preschoolers can be used. Forecast of possible difficulties for the teaching staff: there is no new methodological support for the organization of sports and recreation work. For successful work, it is necessary to use modern methods and technologies in this area.

Development program

The Development program was developed by a creative team led by a professor. The peculiarity of the program lies in the fact that it focuses teachers, first of all, on mastering children with ways to acquire new knowledge, skills, and skills, and not on simply mastering them. The program also includes the section "Gifted child".
Distinctive features: focus on the personality of the educator, creating an atmosphere of cooperation and partnership between adults and children.
The program itself does not contain a section on the physical development of children. Until recently, the authors of the program recommended using the "Typical Program" or the "Rainbow" program when organizing physical education for preschoolers. In 1998, methodological recommendations "Raising a Healthy Child" (, 1998) were issued, compiled on the basis of the experience of the Children's Center-Progymnasium "Smile" (Nizhny Novgorod). The authors of the "Development" program in the introduction to the issued methodological recommendations present it as "a necessary addition to their program, which does not contain a section on the physical development of children."
A flexible daily routine contributes to the harmonious physical and full-fledged mental development of the child. The authors recommend considering "a flexible daily routine in a preschool institution" in terms of organizing a dynamic daily routine for children; flexible working hours for educators, specialists and all service personnel.
The guidelines provide an approximate schedule of classes for children of different age groups, which allows you to combine classes under the "Development" program with the necessary recreational activities. The authors propose to build all the work on physical education taking into account the physical fitness and existing deviations in the state of the child's health. Forecast of possible difficulties for the teaching staff: on the basis of individual medical records, the doctor of the preschool institution must, for each age group, draw up a summary chart on the health status of the children of the entire group and each child individually.

The methodological recommendations do not contain the sections “Knowledge on physical culture”, as well as “Diagnosis of the level of readiness of children”, but indicators are defined by which one can evaluate the effectiveness of physical education: changing the health group to a higher one, the level of development of children according to local standards, basic movements: qualitative and quantitative characteristics by age, physical qualities and abilities (according to tests).
The authors of the recommendations believe that special attention in the daily routine should be given to hardening procedures that are different for children of each age period, as well as the level of preparedness that differs depending on the time of year. The focus of the program is not on the content of education, but on the means and methods of presenting the content of education to the child. Educators should be well versed in the methods of diagnosis and development of abilities.

Program "Childhood"

"Childhood" is a new generation program for preschool educational institutions. Developed by the team of authors of the Department of Preschool Pedagogy of the Russian State Pedagogical University. Herzen (author, and others. St. Petersburg; "Accent" 1997). This is a program of multifaceted development and education of the child's personality, its humanistic orientation in various activities. It is necessary to pay attention to the selected level indicators of the physical development of children (high, medium, low) for each age group, which allows the teacher to properly build his work.

The program solves the following tasks:

· strengthening the health of children;

education of the need for a healthy lifestyle;

development of physical qualities and ensuring a normal level of physical fitness in accordance with the capabilities and state of health of the child;

creation of conditions for the realization of the need for physical activity in everyday life;

· identification of interests, inclinations and abilities of children in motor activity and their implementation through the system of sports and health-improving work.

Distinctive features of the section: complex exercises are included in the program. In particular, preschoolers learn to climb a rope ladder, a rope, as well as grouping, rolling in a grouping position.

The program notes that, taking care of physical activity, an adult should not forget about curiosity and inquisitiveness, the emerging cognitive interest at this age. Therefore, before embarking on physical exercises or games to educate the basics of a healthy lifestyle, it is useful to put the child in front of the need to solve the problem.
Forecast of possible difficulties for the teaching staff: without denying the importance of physical education in kindergarten, the authors do not consider them to be the leading form of work. The number of classes and their duration is not strictly regulated. The program is implemented by integrating natural activities for the child into the daily life of the child. The teacher is given the right to independently determine the content of classes, the method of organization and the place in the daily routine. All this can cause difficulties for teachers, because they have different professional training.

Bibliography.

1., Baranova pedagogy. M.: 1997

2. Erofeeva educational programs for preschool institutions. - M: "Academy, 2000.

4. Mikhailenko N. New programs for kindergartens. \\ Preschool education. – 1995.-№8.

5. Solomennikov programs of preschool educational institutions and the technology of their use. M: ACRI 1999

6. Paramonova general educational program of education, training and development of children of early and preschool age. M: 2001

The main educational program of preschool education- this is a regulatory and managerial document of a preschool educational organization that characterizes the specifics of the content of education and the features of the organization of the educational process. The program is developed, approved and implemented by the educational organization in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard for preschool education and taking into account the exemplary educational program for preschool education.

All programs of preschool institutions can be divided into complex and partial.

Complex (or general developmental) - include all the main directions of the child's development: physical, cognitive-speech, social-personal, artistic-aesthetic; contribute to the formation of various abilities (mental, communicative, motor, creative), the formation of specific types of children's activities (subject, game, theatrical, visual, musical activities, design, etc.).

Partial (specialized, local) - include one or more areas of development of the child. The integrity of the educational process can be achieved not only by using one main (complex) program, but also by the method of qualified selection of partial programs.

Comprehensive preschool education programs

The program of education and training in kindergarten, ed. Vasilyeva

Rainbow program

Program "From childhood to adolescence"

Program "Childhood"

Origins program

Development program

The program "Baby"

Partial Preschool Education Programs

The program of the health-saving direction "Fundamentals of the safety of preschool children"

Environmental education programs

Programs of the artistic and aesthetic cycle

Programs for the socio-moral development of preschoolers

Programs of physical development and health of preschool children, etc.

About modern programs for preschool educational institutions

In order to protect the child from incompetent pedagogical influence in the context of the variability of education, the Ministry of Education of Russia in 1995 prepared a methodological letter "Recommendations for the examination of educational programs for preschool educational institutions of the Russian Federation", which indicated that complex and partial programs should be based on the principle of personal- oriented interaction of adults with children and should provide:

Protection and strengthening of the physical and mental health of children, their physical development;

The emotional well-being of each child;

Intellectual development of the child;

Creation of conditions for the development of the child's personality, his creative abilities;

Introducing children to universal values;

Interaction with the family to ensure the full development of the child.

Childhood is the most important period of human life, not a preparation for a future life, but a real, bright, original, unique life. And on how childhood passed, who led the child by the hand in childhood, what entered his mind and heart from the outside world, it depends to a decisive extent on what kind of person today's baby will become.
V.A. Sukhomlinsky

The program should ensure the construction of a holistic pedagogical process aimed at the full-fledged comprehensive development of the child - physical, socio-communicative, cognitive, speech, artistic and aesthetic. One of the provisions of the Action Plan to ensure the introduction of the FSES DO is the provision on the introduction of the Federal Register of exemplary basic educational programs used in the educational process in accordance with the FSES DO.

Website of the federal register of exemplary basic general education programs: fgosreestr.ru. It published the "Approximate basic general educational program of preschool education", approved by the decision of the federal educational and methodological association for general education (minutes of May 20, 2015 No. 2/15).

On the website of the Federal State Autonomous Institution "Federal Institute for the Development of Education" (FGAU "FIRO") www.firo.ru, a section "Navigator of educational programs of preschool education" has been created. On our site we publish a list of these programs with links to the publishers that produce them. On the websites of publishing houses you can get acquainted with projects, presentations of programs, accompanying methodological literature.

Educational programs of preschool education that correspond to the Federal State Educational Standard of DO:

Educational program of preschool education "Colorful Planet" / Edited by E.A. Khamrayeva, D.B. Yumatova (Scientific adviser E. A. Khamraeva)
Part 1 Part 2
Publishing house "Juventa": uwenta.ru

Educational program of preschool education"World of Discovery" / Under the general editorship of L.G. Peterson, I.A. Lykova (Scientific adviser L.G. Peterson)
The site of the TsSDP "School 2000 ...": www.sch2000.ru
Publishing House "Color World": colored world. rf

Educational program of preschool education for preschool children with severe speech disorders / Ed. L. V. Lopatina

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The register of exemplary programs is a state information system that is maintained on electronic media and functions in accordance with uniform organizational, methodological, software and technical principles that ensure its compatibility and interaction with other state information systems and information and telecommunication networks. (Part 10 of Article 12 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation” (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 2012, No. 53, Art. 7598; 2013, No. 19, Art. 2326).

According to Part 10 of Article 12 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation", Sample basic educational programs are included in the register of sample basic educational programs.

EXAMPLE

BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

APPROVED

decision of the federal educational and methodological association for general education (minutes of May 20, 2015 No. 2/15)

INTRODUCTION.. 3

1. TARGET SECTION.. 9

1.1. Explanatory note. nine

1.1.1. Goals and objectives of the Program.. 9

1.1.2. Principles and approaches to the formation of the Program .. 10

1.2. Planned results.. 13

Targets in infancy. thirteen

Targets at an early age. fourteen

Targets at the stage of completion of the development of the Program .. 15

1.3. Developing evaluation of the quality of educational activities under the Program. sixteen

2.1. General provisions. 20

2.2. Description of educational activities in accordance with the directions of development of the child, presented in five educational areas..21

2.2.1. Infant and early age. 22

Infant age (2–12 months). 22

Early age (1–3 years).. 27

2.2.2. Preschool age. 32

Socio-communicative development. 32

cognitive development. 33

Speech development. 37

Artistic and aesthetic development. 39

Physical development. 40

2.3. Interaction between adults and children. 42

2.4. The interaction of the teaching staff with the families of preschoolers. 43

2.5. The program of correctional and developmental work with children with disabilities. 45

3. ORGANIZATIONAL SECTION.. 48

3.1. Psychological and pedagogical conditions that ensure the development of the child. 48

3.2. Organization of a developing object-spatial environment.. 49

3.3. Personnel conditions for the implementation of the Program.. 54

3.4. Logistics of the Program .. 56

3.5. Financial conditions for the implementation of the Program.. 58

3.6. Planning of educational activities. 68

3.7. Daily routine and schedule. 68

3.8. Prospects for improving and developing the content of the Program and ensuring its implementation of legal, financial, scientific and methodological, personnel, information and material and technical resources. 69

Portal for the student. Self-training

EXAMPLE

BASIC EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

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