Almost everyone wants to write well. But the Russian language is very complex, and it is not always possible to understand which spelling of a given word will be correct. In this article, we will once again recall the rule for pre- and pre-.

Prefixes pre-and pre-

1. First, let's look at how to write the prefix pre-.

   This prefix gives the following meaning to the words:

   • Spatial proximity, contiguity. Examples are the following words: coastal, backyard, frontline, seaside, near the Dnieper.
   • Addition, approximation, accession. Examples of words are: tie, fasten, drive, freeze, lead.
   • Incomplete action. Examples of words: lie down, sit down, calm down, slightly open, tie.
   • Bringing the action to the end, to some specific result. Examples would be the words: muffle (completely muffle), finish off, invent, find, cut.
   • Performing an action in one's own interests, an enhanced manifestation of an action. Examples of words: lure, take a closer look, dress up, listen, hide.
   • Associated action. Examples: dance, whisper.
2. We continue to study prefixes pre- and pre-. Rule about the prefix pre-.

   This prefix will be written in such cases:

   • Words mean the ultimate degree of action, surpassing any facet or the highest degree of quality. Examples of words can be given as follows: exceed, gracious, exaggerate, pretty, exalt.
   • When the prefix pre- has the meaning of the prefix re-. Examples of words: transgress, block.

Additional Information

This rule has an extension. Spelling at-, pre- in special cases:

1. By origin, the prefix is ​​Old Slavonic. In Russian, it will correspond to a prefix that has a full-vowel combination of re-. Compare: an obstacle is a partition, to transgress is to cross, a perverse one is inverted.
2. Words with the prefixes pre- and come close in sound and different in meaning. It is necessary to distinguish in which case which prefix to write. For example, for comparison, such words: bow a branch and bow your head, close the door and turn into reality, the coming neighbor and the passing moment.
3. There are words in which the former prefixes are no longer singled out. Examples are the words: object, disgust, limit, device, order, primitive.
4. It is very often difficult to distinguish between the meanings of words: multiply (add some small amount) and multiply (multiply very much). It is necessary to distinguish this.
5. In borrowed words, it is possible to write both pre- and pre-. As a rule, these elements are not considered prefixes. Examples: preamble, presidium, privilege, priority, president, prima donna.

We have learned a very important rule in Russian - the spelling of prefixes pre-, pre-.

Spelling of words with prefixes PRE- and PRI-

In order to write words that begin with PRE- or PRI- without errors, you need to learn the following rule.

In most words, the choice of the vowel I or E depends on the meaning of the prefix.

The prefix PRI- can mean:
1. Spatial contiguity, proximity: COASTAL, SCHOOL.
2. Approximation, joining: COME, LEAN, STICK.
3. Incompleteness of action: SHUT THE DOOR, DOWN, BEAUTY.
4. Bringing the action to the end: SHOOT, INVENT.

The prefix PRE- can express:
1. A high degree of quality or action and have a meaning close to the meaning of the word "very": PREVIOUS, LONG, PREVENT.
2. A meaning close to the meaning of the prefix PER-: TO TRANSFORM, TRANSFORM, OBSTRUCTION.

This rule has two notes:
1. It is necessary to distinguish between spellings of words that are similar in sound, but different in meaning:
DESPECT (hate) - DESPECT (give shelter), KNEEL (kneel) - BEND (branch), SUFFER (difficulties, misfortunes) - GROW TOGETHER (to circumstances), TRANSIENT (moment) - COMING (postman),
STAY (be) - ARRIVE (approach).
2. There are words in which the spelling of a vowel cannot be explained by the above rule. These are Russian words in which the prefix is ​​no longer singled out (for example, NATURE, REASON, CLAIMS, DEVICE, SECURATE, PREPONA, REVERSE), as well as borrowings (PRESIDIUM, PREAMBLE, PREPARATION, PRIVILEGE, PRIMITIVE, PRIVATE, PRIORITY). In such cases, in order to avoid mistakes, you need to use a dictionary.

An exercise

1. Korotkov did not hear, although he fell with his ear to the keyhole. (M. Bulgakov, "Diaboliad")
2. Dasha climbed with difficulty onto the stove, covered herself with her coat, picked up her legs. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
3. So, I got down and went to my unit. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
4. Having overcome a headache, he all gathered for the last fight. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
5. This Kuzma Kuzmich, still in the carriage, looked at Dasha - for some reason she was to his liking. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
6. The siskin was constantly chirping and jumping, and the cage was constantly swaying and trembling. (According to I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
7. He moved his hat to the back of his head, holding the rifle. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
8. Instead of sunflowers, beckoning the sun into the small windows of huts, only rotten stems stick out. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
9. At this moment, the boat started. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
10. Let grief give you firmness. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
11. Doesn't this property consist in the fact that there are fewer traces of lordship in them than in us? (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
12. But I can't feel low, the last of all. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
13. Why assume in advance that I am an enemy? (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
14. You will have to lag behind all your habits; there, alone, you will be forced to work ... (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
15. I, despite numerous vicissitudes, have never known misfortune. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
16. A further track record is provided with the passport. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
17. At that moment A.V. entered the room, and the conversation stopped. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
18. Insarov read Elena's note - and immediately began to put his little room in order. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
19. Agrippina walked, as if knitted, step by step - behind her husband. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
20. I know a nasty tavern where they will give us a nasty dinner. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
21. Kuzma Kuzmich was lining up on a bench under the stove and also could not fall asleep right away - smacking, muttering. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
22. And you talk to him and despise him at the same time. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
23. Ivan Ilyich, without moving, slightly opened his eyelids. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
24. The expression of her eyes was flattering. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
25. You have at least seven spans in your forehead - you have not ascended science, and you will always make a mistake. (According to A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
26. And the girl is written badly. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
27. You, my friend, I advise you to botanize: this is the best thing you can think of. (According to I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
28. You seem to be a smart person: what are we going to do? (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
29. And good peasants will fool your father without fail. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
30. The singer gave herself up to the wave that lifted her, her face changed. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
31. Bring him to me, I'll interrogate him myself. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
32. Elena could no longer carelessly give herself up to the feeling of her happiness. (I. Turgenev, "On the Eve")
33. She put the lamp on the table, lowered the light, sat down. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")
34. And N.P. took out the proverbial pamphlet from the back pocket of his coat. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
35. There he saw her for the first time, she seemed to him as red as spring. (A. Tolstoy, "Walking through the torments")

The exercise was prepared by D. Zhuzhleva and B. A. Panov (“League of Schools”).

The spelling of prefixes is one of the most difficult topics in Russian orthography. In particular, this applies to the spelling of prefixes pre- and pre-, which are sometimes very difficult to distinguish.

Prefix PRE-

The spelling of the prefixes pre- and dependent depends on the meaning that this morpheme gives to the word.

The prefix is ​​used if the meaning of the morpheme is close to the meaning of the prefix re-.

In addition, the meaning of the prefix may be synonymous with the word "very".

Here are some examples : to be fed up - to be very satiated, nasty - very nasty, to block - to block, to transform - to remake, change the image.

Prefix PRI-

The prefix pre-, according to this rule, is written in several cases:

• approximation (come, arrive);
• accession (glue, attach);
• territorial proximity (school, seaside);
• incomplete action (sit down, embellish).

Special cases of writing pre and when

In some cases, using this rule is not easy, but it is absolutely necessary, because the vowel in the prefix helps to distinguish the meaning.

Here are some examples:

• bend the knee - bend a branch;
• break the law - get down to business;
• to be at a loss - to arrive at the station;
• transient difficulties - incoming servants;
• to betray friends - to attach importance.

There are a number of words in which the prefix has largely lost its meaning or has become part of the root. These words must be remembered or looked up in the dictionary: nature, reason, device, obstacle, rebuke, etc.

Prefixes in words of foreign origin

Morphemes that sound like pre- and pre- are also found in other languages, including Latin, from which we have borrowed many terms. Such words cannot be verified using this rule. You need to either remember them, or clarify the spelling with the help of a dictionary.

Here are some examples: president, privilege, preamble, primitive, priority, private, prestige, premiere.

How to distinguish pre- from pre-

To correctly write a prefix, you must first try to determine its meaning:

• if the meaning is close to "re" or "very", write pre-;
• if it has the meaning of approximation, accession, territorial proximity and incomplete action, write at-;
• if it is not possible to determine the spelling of a prefix or a foreign word with certainty, he will turn to a dictionary for help.

Here are some examples:

• turn- the prefix is ​​close in meaning to the prefix re-, because this word means “remake”, so we write pre-;
• bizarre- slightly wonderful, close in meaning to the incompleteness of the action, therefore, at-;
• reptile- it is difficult to determine the meaning of the prefix, so it is wiser to look in the dictionary.

Words with pre- and pre- prefixes are very common in our speech, so difficult cases are worth remembering. To do this, you can use mnemonic formulas. For example, like this: "An aged reptile pursued a criminal."

What have we learned?

The spelling of the prefixes pre- and depends on their meaning. The prefix pre- is used if it is close in meaning to the prefix re- or the word “very”. The prefix at - is appropriate in the event that the word has the meaning of approaching (to arrive), joining (to screw), territorial proximity (school), incompleteness of action (to open). The spelling of a number of words (foreign and those whose meaning is unclear) must be memorized or clarified in the dictionary.

• when - approach, when - touch, when - arrive, when - run, when - saying, when - sit down, when - sew.
  

  pre - interrupt, pre - block, pre - unpleasant, pre - transformation, pre - transgress

  cheerful

• Examples of words with a prefix at-:

  • In meaning " accession": sew, nail, glue, stick, pin.
  • In meaning " approximation": to arrive, to sail, to gallop, to arrive, to come running, to come.
  • In meaning " closeness to something": coastal, school, railway station (square), seaside (shore).
  • In meaning " incomplete action": sit down, slightly open, close, get sick, bite.

  Examples of words with a prefix pre-:

  • In meaning very: beautiful, charming, wise, generous, generous, aged.
  • When attached is equal to the prefix re-: stop, turn, bicker, overcome, bow down (knee).
• Prefixes pre- and pre- are semantic. The choice in their spelling depends on the meaning they bring to the semantics of the word.

  Prefix at- has the following meanings:

  1) approach - run, moor, lean against, land;

  2) the proximity of something nearby, for example:

  Dnieper region, suburb, coastal, Baikal, border, railway station;

  3) attachment - nail, screw, tie, glue;

  4) incompleteness of the action - burn, slightly open, powder, smack, powder;

  5) bringing the action to the end - think up, squint;

  6) concomitant action - to dance, whistle, hum, stomp, dance.

  The prefix pre- has the meaning of re- in words:

  barrier, transgress (law), interrupt;

  In the meaning of "very" the prefix prefigures in the words:

  amusing, curious, curious, dirty, wise, fed up, overweight (weight), unpleasant, nasty, exalt, fat (magazine).

• On pre-:(with the meaning of the word very, very, differently)

  attach

  bend down

  slightly open

  come up with

  hum

  seaside

  On at-: (with the meaning of the words of attachment, approximation, bringing the action to completion)

  very big

  exaggerate

  transgress

  turn

  transform

• Prefix PRI-

  Attachment: nail, sew, tie, attach, glue, attach, screw, baste, attach, fasten.

  Approach: come running, come, drag, bring, bring, roll, drive, sail, jump, land, lunar, arrive, come, fly.

  Proximity: seaside, school, Amur, railway station, backyard.

  Incomplete action: lie down, get up, sit down, slightly open, crush.

  Prefix PRE-

  Close in meaning to the word "very": charming, beautiful, wise, enormous, sweet, exaggerate, exalt, unpleasant.

  Close in meaning to the prefix re-: transgress, squabble, overcome, block, interrupt, break.

  There are a lot of words in this rule, the spelling of prefixes in which depends on the meaning: receiver - successor, pretend - pretend. There are also words whose spelling must be remembered: come up with, try on, be present; obstacle, despise.

• Words with a prefix at - crouch, approach, touch, join, sew, belittle

  Words with the prefix pre - interrupt, block, transform, superiority, exaggeration

  When writing words with prefixes -pre- and -remember the rules of the Russian Language

  You definitely can't go wrong.

• Examples of words with the prefix "at-":

  • accession
  • approximation
  • touch
  • arrive
  • come running
  • proverb
  • sit down
  • sew on
  • nail

  Examples of words with the prefix "pre-":

  • transform
  • interrupt
  • block
  • unpleasant
  • transformation
  • transgress
  • cheerful

  The rule for the use of prefixes "pri-" and "pre".

  The prefix "pri-" is used in the meaning:

  • approach (to come, come running)
  • joining (sew, nail, pin)
  • is close to something (school, house, suburban)
  • incomplete action (short-term) (quiet, lie down, sit down)

  The prefix "pre-" is used in the meaning:

  • very (cheerful (very cheerful), unpleasant (very unpleasant))
  • trans- (transgress (cross), block (block))
• There are many such words.

  Prefix at-: recognition, joining, chorus, approaching, hiding, accepting, slightly opening, attracting, hillock, seaside, coastal.

  Prefix pre-: reverend, excellent, transfiguration, crime, refraction, teach, overcome, exalt.

• Words with prefix

  very beautiful - lovely

  very good - kind

  very cool - excellent.

  Words with prefix

  sit down next to it, next to it, lie down next to it.

  Not all subparagraphs of the same rule. You need to learn a few.

• Prefixes PRE and PRI and examples of words with them:

  merry, wise, beautiful, most holy, pure, despise, transform, amusing, block, interrupt, surpass, present, stop;

  sew, jump, run, attach, approach, look after, tie, attach, weld, stick, roadside, seaside, railway station, seaside, backyard, lie down, press, press down, sail, fly in.

  See the spelling rule for these prefixes with examples:

  

  In some words, both the prefix pre- and the prefix pre- can be used, but the words differ in their meaning. See picture.

When is the prefix written when, and when pre?

At the prefix five works in Russian: - location near something (seaside, near school); - incomplete action (slightly open, pause); - joining, adjoining, approaching something (attach, nail); - bringing the action to the end (invent, tap); - committing an action in someone's interests (save, hide).

At the prefix PRE- only two works: - when the prefix pre can be replaced by the words very or very (kind, interesting); meaning through or in a different way (transform, stumbling block)

The prefix is ​​assigned when the approach or attachment of actions is indicated, for example, bring, attach, and others. Also, this prefix is ​​used in cases of incompleteness of actions, proximity, related actions, for example, slightly open, suburb, dance and others.

The prefix pre- means very, for example, beautiful and others.

According to the rules of the Russian language, the spelling of prefixes in this case depends on the meaning of the word.

Thus, the prefix we will write in the case when we are talking about approaching and joining. For example, glued, screwed, suburb.

Prefix pre we will write in the case when the meaning is very. For example, beautiful, wise.

Spelling prefixes pre- and at- in Russian orthography is semantic, that is, based on the meaning of the prefix, which it introduces into the semantics of the word.

How to learn to distinguish between these prefixes with unstressed vowels e and and in them?

Let's consider this in more detail.

Console at- has the following meanings:

• approximation: at to be, at jump, at fly, at crawl;
• accession: at screw, at fasten, at sculpt, at beat;
• proximity: at station, at city, at Volga;
• incomplete action: at open, at to powder (snow) at muffle (sound);
• bringing an action to an end: at think, at squint;
• concomitant action: at dance, at clap, at whistle.

Console pre- synonymous with prefix re-:

pre break up the conversation pen break up the conversation;

pre break - pen break.

At the console pre- there is a meaning very in words: pre cute (very cute) pre rough (very rough) pre curious (very curious).

In this meaning, the prefix pre- forms qualitative adjectives with an elevated sign.

In a number of words, prefixes are not distinguished, but have become part of the root. We will remember the spelling of these words or learn from the dictionary, for example: hello, example, diligent, private, primitive, pursue, advantage, drug, neglect.

Some of the words are borrowed, we will remember their spelling: applicant, prelude, president, precedent, claim, preamble, prima donna, prevail, etc.

For verbs, the prefix PRI is written in the following cases when the verbs have a meaning:

• approximation. For example: come, arrive, arrive, come running,
• accession. For example: attach, sew, stick, nail,
• close location. For example: frontline, courtier,
• incomplete action. For example: lower, open,
• accompanying action. For example, humming, dancing.

Verbs are prefixed with PRE in the following cases:

• if it is synonymous with the prefix PERE. For example, overcome
• if the prefix is ​​ very. For example, beautiful (very beautiful), wise (very wise).

• Attach when something attach or bring closer: fasten, stick, add, stick, run, backyard (plot).

  Pre-write when this prefix can be replaced by the word very: beautiful, prevails, etc.

  At-: approximation, attachment, incomplete action; pre- = meaning very, close in meaning to the prefix re-. This is the main rule, but there are many exceptions, you need to check with the dictionary.

  To understand how a particular word is spelled with the prefix pre- or pre-, you need to analyze the meaning of the word itself. This is what writing is all about.

  Specifically, the prefix is ​​assigned in the following semantic meanings: approach, attachment, incomplete action, concomitant action, proximity. And the prefix is ​​​​prescribed in the meanings of re, as well as in the meaning of very.

  IMHO, everyone should know when the prefix is ​​\u200b\u200bwritten when, and when pre, - after all, not so few hours are devoted to this in the school curriculum, and the rules are simple and understandable on an intuitive level.

  Prefix prequot ;:

  1) in the meaning of veryquot ;, give words a superior tone: beautiful, excellent, unpleasant, successful, sweet;

  2) in the meaning of through or re: to turn, a criminal, an obstacle, wrong.

  Prefix atquot ;:

  1) in the meaning of approximation, attachment: to join, attach, approximate, stick, attach.