The first thing to learn for someone who dreams of mastering English is, of course, the English alphabet. We'll talk about him. Since there is a lot of information, I have divided it into sections.

Letters of the English alphabet.

The modern English alphabet has 26 letters (in English, letters are called letters or characters - chars for short). Each letter can be uppercase (uppercase / large) and lowercase (lowercase / small). Latin letters became the basis for the English alphabet.

The exact shape of the printed letters depends on the font.

Lettering of the English alphabet.

I highlighted the vowels in red and the consonants in blue.

The sound of the letters of the English alphabet is different in different versions. So the last letter Z in the English pronunciation sounds [zed] /, and in the American - [zi] /. The British pronounce "zed" because the letter is derived from the Greek letter "Zeta", which passed into Old French as "zede", from where it migrated to the English alphabet in the 15th century as "zed".

Americans pronounce the letter “z” as by analogy with the names of other letters: B, C, D, etc. The first American pronunciation of the letter “z” was recorded in Lye's New Spelling Book in 1677. This decision was long disputed, but was fully accepted in 1827 after Webster's publications.

Today, most of those who study the English alphabet also call this letter. Most likely, this trend is explained by the fact that in most songs about the alphabet it is sung precisely, since it is easier to choose a rhyme for this pronunciation.

• — Now I know my A-B-Cs

• — Next time won't you sing with me?

But the British are not far behind, and today the end of the song is also common

• Sugar on your bread. Eat it all up before you are dead.

English humor, right?

English alphabet uppercase letters.

Pay attention to the new trend of writing a capital letter A. Today it is customary to write it in the same way as a small letter, although earlier it was written similar to the Russian capital A. Here is a variant of the old spelling.

It is worth saying that among those who study the English alphabet in other countries, few people use capital letters. This trend is also observed in countries where English is native. Look at two handwritten texts. In the first version, ordinary letters are used for writing, connected in a letter in a way that is convenient for the writer. In the second version, capital letters of the English alphabet are used, of course, with handwriting features.

And here is what a calligraphically verified version of handwritten English looks like. The written English alphabet looks exquisite.

And so write English doctors. Reminds me of something, doesn't it?

Prescriptions of the English alphabet.

I offer you a set of prescriptions for the English alphabet. Click to enlarge.

English alphabet in words.

English alphabet with transcription and pronunciation

Vowels of the English alphabet.

There are 6 vowels in the English alphabet. Do not take to say “vowels of the English alphabet”. A letter is a form of sound. A vowel or consonant, as well as voiced, hard, soft, hissing, etc., can only be a sound. OK, let's move on to the letters of the English alphabet, which convey a vowel sound. These are A, E, I, O, Y, U - a total of 6. Each letter can express several sounds.

• [ı:] - long and;
• [ı] - short and;
• [ɜ:] – wide e;
• [ıə] - ie;
• [α:] - long
• [e] - short E

• [əυ] - eu;
• [ɒ] – short o;
• - long y;
• [ʌ] - short a;
• [ᴐ:] – long o.

• - yu;
• [ʌ] - short a;
• [u] - short y.

This is how the vowels of the English alphabet are read. Let's move on to consonants.

Consonants of the English alphabet.

There are 20 consonants in the English alphabet.

	[s] / [c] before vowels i, e, y
	/ [j] before e, i, y
	[h] / [x] simple exhalation
	[ŋ] / [nasal / posterior n] before g and sometimes before k
	/ [kv] combined qu
	[r] - sound, something between r and very hard Russian zh; pronounced without vibration. Often not pronounced at all
	[z] / [z] at the end of a word after a vowel or voiced consonant, sometimes in the middle of a word between 2 vowels
	[w] - a sound similar to [uv]
	/ [gz] before a stressed vowel [z] / [z] - sometimes at the beginning of a word

History of the English alphabet.

The evolution of the English alphabet is evident over the last 1500 years. Although the modern English alphabet contains 26 letters, there used to be more.

After the 6th century, when Christian monks began to transliterate Anglo-Saxon using Latin characters, they encountered some difficulties. Anglo-Saxon contained several sounds that could not be written in Latin. Therefore, the monks borrowed three old runes: ð (interdental voiced z), þ (interdental voiceless s), and Ƿ (winn, analogous to modern W). The presence of these runes, ligatures (combinations of letters) æ and œ, as well as the absence of J and Y is one of the characteristic features of the Anglo-Saxon alphabet. Look at the Beowulf manuscript.

Under the influence of Norman writing, the runic character of the English alphabet gradually faded away and the letters ð, þ and Ƿ soon disappeared. Instead of Ƿ, they began to use the double V -> VV, which gradually became an independent letter W as a result of the use of printing presses.

How did Y and J join the English alphabet? Y and U are derived from V, as a result of the differentiation of consonants and vowels. J is derived from I.

With characteristic ingenuity, Benjamin Franklin tried to improve the English alphabet. He suggested removing c, j, q, w, x, and y as they could be replaced by other letters. He also suggested adding six letters of his own invention. But Franklin's alphabet didn't catch on.

Today, the most common letters of the English alphabet are e, t, a, o. The rarest are x, q, z.

As you know, capital letters differ significantly from printed ones, and therefore it can be very difficult for a baby to learn the capital alphabet. For this purpose, a copybook is offered as a teaching aid: a notebook in which the contours of the letters are written. The task of the child is to circle the letters, and then try to write them on their own. It will also be useful to use pictures, photos of animals, objects, people with letters that begin with these words. If you do not have the opportunity to purchase ready-made manuals, you can download and print them on the site.

Cards

Before you materials for children with capital letters of the English alphabet. You can print and use them as educational posters for kids or cut them into individual cards and play with the kids.

On each card, in addition to the capital letter of the English alphabet, objects starting with this letter are drawn. Thus, you can diversify your classes and make them more interesting. If you are learning English, I also advise you to read and download with all the months in English, weather in English, seasons and days of the week.

When getting acquainted with the cards, try to enter no more than 2 in one lesson in order to leave some understatement, thereby constantly maintaining the child's interest.

The cards are designed for both individual use and group lessons.

Capital letters of the English alphabet can be downloaded here for free:

How to write letters, numbers and signs in the English alphabet? Task: Circle all the letters.
Learning to write capital letters in the English alphabet.

english alphabet game for kids. This game in a simple and accessible form introduces the child to the basic letters of the English alphabet, develops his logic and attentiveness, fine motor skills of the hands, broadens the horizons of the child. will also complement your English classes with your child and add a touch of gaiety.

Using pictures, cards, posters, coloring books, photos and much more in the lessons of studying capital letters of the English language, you diversify the lesson and support the child's interest in learning. This is extremely important so as not to discourage children from learning at an early age. Always look for a fascinating form of presenting the material, and then your baby will certainly please with success.

Has your child started learning English? For him, professionals in the field of early learning of foreign languages ​​created interesting recipes. The notebook contains directly the spelling of the letters of the English alphabet, as well as exercises and games. Gradually performing exercises and game tasks, the child begins his acquaintance with the English language. The tasks will help him quickly learn the English alphabet and write all the letters correctly.

Recommendations for using the workbook.
Daily classes for 10-15 minutes.
Before classes, check the readiness of your workplace. Make sure that everything is ready for work (enough lighting, writing materials at hand).
It is important to pay attention to how the child sits during the lesson, whether he holds a pencil in his hand correctly.
If the child did not cope with the exercise, try to explain the task again, practice with the child, help him.
Conduct classes only in a good mood and with a good health of the child!

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By clicking the "Buy and download e-book" button, you can buy this book in electronic form in the official online store "LitRes", and then download it on the Litres website.

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Publication date: 02/24/2018 15:11 UTC

• English, Workbook, Grade 10, Textbook for educational institutions, Advanced level, Baranova K.M., Dooley D., Kopylova V.V., Milrud R.P., Evans V., 2019
• English language, Workbook, Grade 4, Textbook for general education organizations and schools with in-depth study of the English language, Part 2, Baranova K.M., Dooley D., Kopylova V.V., Milrud R.P., Evans V. , 2019
• English, Workbook, grade 4, Textbook for general education organizations and schools with in-depth study of the English language, Part 1, Baranova K.M., Dooley D., Kopylova V.V., Milrud R.P., Evans V. , 2019
• English language, Workbook, grade 8, Textbook for general education organizations and schools with in-depth study of the English language, Baranova K.M., Dooley D., Kopylova V.V., Milrud R.P., Evans V., 2019

The following tutorials and books:

When teaching English, it is necessary to harmoniously use all four types of speech actions. Good English will only come from a combination of speaking, daily reading, listening to live English speech and correct writing.

Modern written English does not place too much emphasis on the development of calligraphic skills in the sense that students are not loaded with the ability to combine letters into words. Perhaps this is due to the fact that we are typing more and more on the computer.

The youngest schoolchildren are taught to write letters in special copybooks, indicating with arrows the direction of hand movement when writing. When children begin to master written English letters, and then combine them into words, they must be taught that the distance between letters should be less than the distance between words. As practice shows, this is not such an easy task.

Written English letters (alphabet)

The written English alphabet is not difficult to write. Much more difficult is the so-called spelling. The fact is that in English many words are spelled differently than they sound in speech. An illustrative example is the word “choir” [ˈkwaɪə]. According to linguists, it is impossible for a Russian-speaking person to write this word “by ear” without knowing it.

This is where spelling comes to the rescue, which means “pronunciation of the word by spell”. Moreover, this technique is used not only by language learners, but also by English-speaking people themselves. To write a lexical item correctly, you need to learn the following phrases asking for help:

Spell it please! Spell this word, please!

Could you spell this word please? Could you pronounce this word letter by letter, please!

Thus, it is best to learn the written letters of the English alphabet along with spelling. In the English alphabet, some letters are pronounced differently than the letters of the generally accepted Latin alphabet. They are a, c, e, g [ʤiː], h, i, j [ʤeɪ], r [ɑː], u, y. When practicing spelling, pay special attention to these letters. Another important point is that when pronouncing a word by letter, they should sound strictly the way they are pronounced in the alphabet.

The role of the written part of the English language

When learning any language, it is necessary to place emphasis on the order of development of skills. Think about how the child perceives his native language:

• From the first minutes of his birth, he listens (auditing);
• Begins to pronounce sounds, put them into words and phrases (speaking);
• Begins to recognize letters, read individual words, and then texts;
• He writes the first alphabetic scribbles, draws the letters in words and gradually reaches the texts.

We come to the conclusion that the written part of the English language requires the ability to listen, speak tolerably and read well. At each age, it is necessary to achieve the necessary balance of these skills, and not start writing, bypassing, for example, listening.

Written English lessons

With a reasonable approach to the development of written language, students develop sufficient literacy by the end of high school or by the end of language courses. After the 9th and 11th grade of the school, students can choose to take an English exam, where the last task is writing. This is the most difficult part of the exam, so take your written English lessons seriously in preparation for the final test.

It is very important to work out exercises for word order, which is quite strict in English. When writing simple texts, use simple sentences, following the rules:

• In an affirmative sentence, the subject comes first, then the predicate, then the addition, and the circumstance (place, time, and so on) completes the construction;
• In interrogative sentences, the word order changes or an additional auxiliary verb “do” appears;
• In a negative sentence, “not” appears after the auxiliary verb, or pronouns or adverbs appear before the verb that carry negation in themselves (nobody, never).

Written assignments in English

When doing written tasks in English, in the future use complex sentences, each part of which, as a rule, has its own subject and predicate:

When I was a young boy, I used to wear long hair. When I was a boy, I wore long hair.

Written work in English requires the ability to rationally distribute information. To do this, you must be able to divide texts into paragraphs, use unions and special connecting words:

First(ly) - first;

Second(ly) - secondly;

Besides - besides;

moreover - more than that;

In conclusion - in conclusion;

Therefore - therefore.

Depending on the level of preparation, on the Lim English website you will learn how to write letters, make simple and complex sentences, organize texts in accordance with the plan, compose letters for various purposes, compositions and essays.