The purpose of this type of linguistic analysis of the word is to identify the sound composition of the latter. In this case, it is necessary:
- determine the number of syllables;
- establish a qualitative-quantitative relationship between letters and sounds in a word;
- describe each sound.
Syllable - the minimum pronunciation unit of speech, characterized by the maximum fusion of its components. The number of syllables in a word is determined by the number of vowels, because namely the vowel is the top of the syllable: o -go -r about d-nothing.
The accent is highlighting one of the syllables of a word using phonetic means. The stressed syllable is pronounced longer, stronger and more distinctly than the others. Word stress is a mandatory feature of a word. However, there are a number of words that are adjacent to other words and do not carry independent stress (particles, prepositions, and some others).
Since the stress determines the phonetic word, in some cases its boundaries may not coincide with the morphological word, for example, before ex a me, I would about flax, r a was not (two morphological words make up one phonetic).
stress in the word one, however, if the word is long, collateral stress may appear: el e ktrost a ntion.
Russian writing is not sound, because of this, in the Russian language there are certain letter-sound ratios. The most frequent and usually causing difficulty in writing a transcription of a word, or its sound composition, include the following:
- the letter denotes several sounds (e, e, u, i at the beginning of the word, after the vowel, after the dividing b and b): yula - [yula]. In some cases, after b, two sounds can be denoted by the vowel and: streams - [brooks];
- several letters denote one sound (sch, zhch, zch \u003d [u]; ds, ts, ts \u003d [c]): in about zchik - [voshchik], d e tsky - [d'etsk'y].
In Russian, as in many others, there are two types of sounds: vowels and consonants. Depending on the nature of the syllable in which they are located, vowel sounds - and there are six of them: [a, o, e, y, s, and] - are divided into stressed and unstressed. All vowels can be stressed and unstressed, but the unstressed vowel o is found only in certain borrowed words: radio - [r a d'io]. Consonant sounds (there are 36 of them) are characterized by hardness / softness and sonority / deafness.
30 consonants form pairs according to hardness / softness: [b - b ', c - c', g - g', e - d', s - s ', k - k ', l - l ', m - m ', n – n', p – p', p – p', s – s', t – t', f – f', x – x'].
Always hard, or hard unpaired, are [g, w, c], and always soft, or soft unpaired, - [d, h, u].
Always voiced, or voiced unpaired, are [d, l, m, n, p], and always deaf, or deaf unpaired, - [x, c, h, u].
It should also be taken into account that in the flow of speech, sounds influence each other. Compare, for example, the pronunciation of the preposition to in the position before the deaf and voiced (to you - [kt'eb ' uh], to the house - [where about mu]), initial and in isolated use and in the presence of a preposition (ideal - [id'e a l], ideally - [vyd'e a l'e]).
In some cases, several pronunciation options for a particular word are allowed: meat - [m'isn about y] and [m'esn about y], (about) patience - [t’erp’ uh n'ii], [t'erp' uh n’iye], [t’irp’ uh n'ii] and [t'irp' uh niye], chain - [tsep about chka] and [chick about chka].
Scheme of phonetic parsing of a word(according to school tradition).
1. Break the word into syllables, indicate the number of syllables.
2. Put the stress in the word,
indicate the stressed syllable.
3. Write down the phonetic
word transcription.
4. Describe the sounds of the word. Vowels: percussion - unstressed, which letter is indicated; consonants: hard, soft (paired, unpaired),
voiced, deaf (paired, not
paired), which letter is indicated.
5 Specify the number of sounds and letters.
Sample parsing
bleach
o-tbe-pour 3 syllables
The 3rd syllable is stressed [adb'il'yt']
[a] - vowel, unstressed; marked with the letter "o";
[d] - consonant, solid, double (pair [d ']); voiced, paired (pair [t]); marked with the letter "t";
[b '] - consonant, soft, paired (pair [b]); voiced, paired (pair [p ']); marked with the letter "b";
[and] - vowel, unstressed; marked with the letter "e";
[l '] - consonant, soft, double (pair [l]); voiced, unpaired (pair [-]); marked with the letter "l";
[and] - vowel, shock; marked with the letter "and";
[t ‘] - consonant, soft, double (pair [t]); deaf, double (pair [d ']); marked with the letters "t", "b".
7 sounds, 8 letters
Parsing a word by composition (morphemic analysis, from the word morpheme - a significant part of a word) - one of the types of linguistic analysis, the purpose of which is to determine the composition, or structure, of a word. It plays a significant role in the formation of spelling skills.
For example, when writing adjectives formed from nouns with the suffix -at, type boardwalk - cobbled, it is important to determine to which morpheme the letter q belongs to the generating noun: if to the root (board-a), then u is written in the corresponding adjective, if to the suffix (bar-ok), then - h (after the consonant root).
It must be remembered that the analysis of the word by composition should be carried out in accordance with the norms of the modern Russian language. So, in modern Russian the word rich does not have a suffix that was once distinguished and had the same meaning as in the adjective striped, namely: the presence of a corresponding feature, object. currently an adjective striped related to the word strip, i.e. motivated by it, and therefore contains the suffix -at, adjective rich lost the relation of derivativeness with the noun god, therefore its basis consists only of the root. When parsing a word by composition, one should adhere to a certain order in which its parts, or morphemes, are distinguished.
You should never begin the analysis of a word with a search for a root, no matter how "transparent" it may seem!
The main technique in parsing a word is the selection of its forms (to highlight the ending), single-structured words (to determine suffixes and prefixes) and single-root words (to find the root). It is advisable to determine its grammatical meaning when isolating a particular morpheme. At first, when mastering this type of linguistic analysis, it is even useful to write down the characteristics of each part of the word.
The ending- this is a changeable, meaningful part of a word that forms the form of a word and serves to link words in a phrase and sentence. The meaning of the ending is purely grammatical: it indicates the number and case of nouns, numerals, and personal pronouns; case, number and - only in the singular - gender of adjectives, participles and some pronouns; person and number of verbs in present and future tenses; number and gender of verbs in the past tense and conditional mood.
In the Russian language, there are a significant number of words that do not have an ending due to the fact that they do not change. This is:
- adverbs,
- gerunds,
- comparative degree of adjective,
- some nouns ( coat, highway),
- some adjectives ( beige, mini),
- some possessive pronouns ( him, her, them).
Words that have no endings should not be confused with words that have a null ending. The zero ending is opposed to the materially expressed ending: home to home. Consequently, the zero ending is such a significant, not materially expressed part of the word, which stands out in the word when compared with other forms that have materially expressed morphemes.
The main forms and classes of words in which zero endings are distinguished:
- im.p. unit nouns m.r. - garden, snow;
- im.p. unit nouns f.r. - joy, mouse; im.p. unit m.r. short adjectives and participles: sad, offended, withdrawn;
- im.p. some numerals: twelve, six, one;
- genus.p. plural some nouns: stocking (stocking-i), families, (se [m ‘th]);
- im.p. unit m.r. possessive adjectives: Zeus (cf. Zeus), sisters (sisters), fish (fish [b ’th]).
- unit m.r. past verbs temp. and conditional mood: walked, talked, was, would come, would get lost.
It should be noted that the soft sign at the end of words is not included in the ending, since this is a letter that, having no grammatical meaning inherent in the ending, acts only as an indicator of the softness of the preceding consonant (shadow) or a formal category identifier for the gender of nouns (cf. knife and rye).
The basis- part of a word without an ending. Therefore, inflected words consist of a stem and an ending (pain,bol[s]), and immutable - only from the base ( yesterday, highway). In personal and participle verb forms with a reflexive suffix -sya (-sya), the stem is interrupted by the ending: wanted.
Suffix- the significant part of the word, which is located after the root and usually serves to form words (the exception is the suffix -sya (-sya), which is after the end). Suffixes, as well as endings, can be materially expressed and zero.
The concept of a zero suffix is not used in the school curriculum, however, in practice, when parsing words, students encounter phenomena that are difficult to explain without this concept. This is also important when interpreting such a phenomenon as non-suffix way of forming words .
The null suffix is allocated in the following cases:
- past form temp. and the conditional mood of verbs: bank^ (cf. coast-l-a), brought^by (cf. brought-l-a would);
- zh.r. im.p. unit nouns formed from the corresponding adjectives: blue ^ (cf. blue => blue, blue => blue-ev-a);
- im.p. unit m.r. verbal nouns: run ^ (cf. run => run ^, run => run-relative).
Suffixes of different parts of speech have their own characteristics. In nouns, they are numerous, quite specific and diverse in the meaning that they bring to the word: for example, -tel- face suffix ( reader), -to- subject suffix ( grater), -awn- abstract feature suffix ( vitality), -ny- action suffix ( combustion), -ears- suffix of subjective evaluation (category of subjective evaluation - a category expressing the attitude of the speaker to the subject of speech) ( small head).
The suffixes of nouns are characterized by the phenomenon of homonymy, for example, the suffix -to- may have a subjective value ( river) and actions ( sawing firewood).
Adjective suffixes are more abstract in their semantics than noun suffixes. You can point to the property of suffixes to determine one or another category of adjectives, for example, -living- quality adjective suffix ( patient, obnoxious),-sk- relative adjective suffix ( Pushkin(style), nautical), -oh-, -in-, -th- possessive adjective suffixes: ( fathers, petin, bovine).
Verbal suffixes, as a rule, are devoid of ambiguity; they do not create heterogeneous semantic classes within the category of the verb. In a word, verbal suffixes are easily recognized and distinguished due to their grammatical meaning, for example:
- suffixes of temporary forms: -l-(past tense) - walking, drinking; -th-(present tense) - chita[yu]t, fly;
- suffixes of the stem of the infinitive, or the indefinite form of the verb: -a-, -e-, -and-: drive, darken, serve;
- aspectual suffixes -and-, -a-, -well-, -iva-, -iva-, -va-: decorate, decorate, shout, merge, read;
- participle suffixes -usch-, -ashch-, -v-, -vsh-, -n-, -en-, -t, -om-, -em-, -im-: drowning, bought, forgotten;
- suffixes of gerunds -a-, -learn-, -in-, -lice-: hurrying, flying, reading, crouching.
Prefix- a significant part of the word, located before the root and serving to form words. The prefix introduces an additional meaning into the word compared to the original ( move out, drive in, drive out, go around- an indication of the direction of movement). A word can have several prefixes ( re-disposition).
Root- the main significant part of the word, which contains the lexical meaning of the word, the common meaning of all related (single-root) words. Words with the same root are called cognate, and their relationship is established on the basis of the meaning expressed by the root (compare the homonymous root in two groups of words: water - submariner - waterman and driver - supply - drive). At the root, one can observe a phenomenon called alternation. Vowels can also alternate ( collect - I will collect, burn-burn), and consonants ( run - run, grow - grow), both at the same time ( grow - sprout, lay - lay).
As already mentioned, the root is the last morpheme that stands out in the word. This rule must be followed strictly, especially if we take into account the fact that the same root can appear in words in different forms, for example: lead, lead, lead; walked, walked, came. A word can contain one ( water, forest) and more roots ( water carrier, lumberjack).
Based on the materials of the book: Konkov V.I., Starovoitova O.A. Oral exam in the Russian language: Textbook on the Russian language for applicants to universities. - St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University. -2001.
Parsing order
- Determine what part of speech the analyzed word is, in what form it is used.
- If the word changes, highlight the formative morphemes
- Select base.
- At the core, highlight the root, word-formation morphemes (if any).
Sample parsing
Urban.
Urban is a masculine nominative singular adjective.
The ending - oh.
The basis urban-.
Root city-.
Derivational suffix - sk-.
A period is placed at the end of this declarative sentence.
2) At the end of January, fanned by the first thaw, cherry orchards smell good(Sholokhov).
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, widespread, complete, complicated by a separate agreed definition, expressed by participial turnover. Grammar basis - gardens smell. The subject is expressed by a noun in the nominative case, the predicate is a simple verb, expressed by the verb in the form of the indicative mood. The subject is the agreed definition cherry expressed by an adjective. The predicate refers to the circumstance of time in the end of January, expressed by the phrase (noun + noun) in the prepositional case with a preposition in, and the circumstance of the mode of action well expressed in an adverb.
A period is placed at the end of this declarative sentence; commas in the sentence highlight the participial turnover, which, although it stands before the word being defined, is isolated, since it is separated from it in the sentence by other words.
Between simple sentences before conjunction a a comma is put at the end of a declarative sentence - a period.
2) But then one day, on a thaw March day, when the airfield suddenly darkened in one morning, and the porous snow settled so that the planes left deep furrows on it, Alexei took off in his fighter(Field).
The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex, consists of four simple sentences, interconnected by intonation, allied word when and subordinating union what. In the sentence, one main and three subordinate clauses are distinguished: the first and second subordinate attributive clauses (refer to the word day in the main sentence and answer the question which one?), are interconnected by an adversarial union a; third clause of mode of action, measure and degree (refers to the combination of a verb-predicate with a demonstrative word So
Lexical analysis of a word involves the analysis of a word as a lexical unit of the Russian language, indicating: 1) the unambiguity-polysemy of the word; 2) the type of its lexical meaning in the given context; 3) synonyms; 4) antonyms; 5) the origin of the word; 6) belonging of the word to common vocabulary or vocabulary, limited in use; 7) phraseological connections of the word. Lexical analysis is an optional type of analysis for school practice. Usually it is not given as a control task.
Lexical analysis of a word should be carried out using linguistic dictionaries: an explanatory dictionary, a dictionary of synonyms, antonyms, homonyms; phraseological dictionary of the Russian language.
Scheme of lexical parsing of a word.
1. Determine the lexical meaning of the word in context.
2. If the word has many meanings, indicate its other meanings (if necessary, you can use the explanatory dictionary of the Russian language).
3. Set the type of lexical meaning in this context: a) direct; b) portable.
4. If the value is portable, describe the type of portable value.
5. Build a synonymic series for the word in this meaning.
6. Choose an antonymous pair for this word.
7. Determine whether this word is native Russian or borrowed from another language.
8. Establish whether the analyzed word belongs to common vocabulary or vocabulary limited in use.
9. Determine if the word is obsolete.
10. Indicate whether this word is included in phraseological units.
An example of lexical parsing of a word.
Having completed their operations, the fronts, one after another, stopped at the lines reached by the spring. (K. Simonov)
1. Operation - a series of strategic actions carried out during offensive or defensive battles (military, prof.).
2. The word has many meanings: a) a surgical operation; b) trading operation; c) a financial transaction; d) postage.
3. The meaning is direct.
4. Synonyms: operation, battle, battle, military operations.
5. The word is borrowed from Latin.
6. Word of professional vocabulary (military terminology).
7. The word is not obsolete, it is included in the active dictionary of the Russian language.
Spelling analysis involves oral or written analysis of spellings in a word. When performing spelling analysis, you need to correctly write down the word given with a missing letter, or open the brackets, underline the place of the spelling in the word, name the spelling and determine the conditions for its choice. If necessary, indicate the test word and give examples for this spelling.
Word spelling scheme
1. Write out the control word.
2. Insert missing letters or open brackets.
3. Underline the place of the spelling in the word.
4. Name the spelling and explain (orally or in writing) the conditions for correct spelling.
5. Indicate a test word (if possible) and give examples of words with this spelling.
Sample spelling of a word
Skosh .. (n, nn) th tr..va lies in even rivers..dams.
Beveled - spelling of participle suffixes.
- two letters "n" are written in the suffixes of the passive participles of the past tense, if the word is formed from a perfective verb (what to do? - bevel): painted, read;
- the suffix -enn- is written in participles formed from verbs in -it, -et or verbs with a stem in a consonant: paint - painted; see - seen, save - saved.
Grass, in rows - unstressed checked vowel at the root of the word; checked by stress: grass - herbs, in rows - row; water - water, forests - forest.
There are different types of parsing in Russian: phonetic, morphemic, derivational, lexical, morphological, syntactic, punctuation.
Phonetic analysis of the word
1. Say the word, name the syllables and mark the stressed syllable.
2. How many vowels and consonants are there in a word? What letters are they?
3. Tell us about each of the consonants: is it hard or soft, voiced or deaf, name the letter (or letters) with which it is designated, name the paired sound by hardness / softness, by sonority / deafness.
Word-building analysis of the word (by composition)
1. Change the word and highlight the ending.
2. Find the word from which this word is derived, and select the morpheme (or morphemes) with which (or which) it is formed.
3. Determine the way the word is formed. What is its basis: derivative or non-derivative?
4. If the stem is a derivative, continue the selection of related words and the selection of auxiliary morphemes until only the main part of the word remains - the root.
5. Are there words with alternating vowels and consonants? If yes, confirm the presence of alternating sounds.
Morphological analysis of independent parts of speech
Find the word related to this part of speech, indicate in it the signs of this part of speech, name its initial form (if the word changes).
Morphological analysis of service parts of speech and interjections
1. Find a word related to service parts of speech or interjections.
2. Name the part of speech, indicate its features in this word.
3. Determine the category (group) by value.
4. Identify the syntactic (or semantic) role.
5. How is the part of speech formed (for derivatives, complex and compound parts of speech)?
6. Features of spelling.
Parsing a simple sentence
1. Find a simple sentence in the text, highlight the grammatical basis in it.
2. Determine its type by the purpose of the statement, by intonation, by the presence / absence of secondary members (common or non-common); complete or incomplete.
3. Determine its type according to the nature of the grammatical basis (two-part or one-part; if it is one-part, then denominative or definitely personal, indefinitely personal, impersonal).
4. Disassemble it by the members of the sentence: how is the subject expressed, what is the type of predicate (simple verb, compound verb, compound nominal), how is it expressed; name the minor members, how they are expressed.
5. What is the complexity of the sentence (homogeneous members, isolated turnover, appeal, introductory words).
Pour mushroom rains.
Phonetic parsing
Lyut -1 syllable [l`y`y t].
L [l`] - consonant, soft paired, sonorous.
b - does not indicate a sound.
yu - [y`] -consonant, always soft unpaired, sonorous.
[y] - vowel, stressed.
t [t] - consonant, solid double, deaf double.
4 letters, 4 sounds.
Morphemic parsing
Mushrooms -mushroom - root, -n- - suffix, -th - ending, -mushroom - base.
Word-building analysis
Mushroom - mushroom is a suffixal method of formation.
Morphological analysis
Rains - what?, noun, initial form - rain, common noun, inanimate, concrete, plural, masculine, 2nd declension, nominative, subject.
Lexical parsing
Rains - the word rains has a meaning - atmospheric precipitation, irrigates the soil. Polysemantic, used in the sentence in its direct meaning, there are no homonyms, synonyms, antonyms in this meaning. Used in all styles of speech.
Spelling parsing
Spread - the word has such spellings: "Spelling letters -o-a in prefixes", "Spelling prefixes on -z, -s", "Writing alternating vowels at the root of the word", "Spelling vowels in the endings of verbs", "Spelling soft sign in the personal endings of verbs".
Parsing a sentence
In the evening we sat by the fire for a long time.
Simple, narrative, non-exclamatory, common, full, two-part.
We are the subject expressed by the pronoun; sat - a predicate expressed by a verb; in the evening and for a long time - circumstances expressed by adverbs; near fire - a circumstance expressed by a noun with a preposition.
Punctuation parsing
Explain punctuation.
Municipal educational institution secondary
secondary school №2
Compiled by Zolotareva
Lyudmila Nikolaevna
teacher
primary school
Phonetics is a branch of the science of language that studies sounds and letters.
A O U Y E L M N R Y B C D E F G
Kommersant
I am Yeo Yu and Ye
P F K T W S X C W Y
A O U Y E - indicate a solid consonant sound
Ya Yo Yu and Ye - indicate a soft consonant sound
[L] [M] [N] [R] [Y '] - unpaired voiced consonants
[X] [C] [H '] [Sch '] - unpaired voiceless consonants
b b - do not give a sound
[B] [C] [G] [D] [F] [Z] - paired voiced consonants
[P] [F] [K] [T] [W] [S] - paired voiceless consonants
[F] [W] [C] - always solid sounds
[H '] [SCH '] [Y '] - always soft sounds
I am Ye Yu Ye
/ \ / \ / \ / \
[Y ’] [a] [ Y ’] [o] [Y ’] [y] [Y ’] [e]
I, Yo, Yu, E - give two sounds if they stand:
at the beginning of a word (pit, hedgehog, spinning top, spruce)
after a vowel (forest, I can)
after b, b (blizzard, entrance)
Parsing plan:
1. Write out the word.
2. Highlight the syllables. Specify the number of syllables.
3. Show the place of stress.
4. Write down the word using transcription.
5. Indicate the number of syllables.
6. Characterize the sounds indicated by letters in accordance with their
arrangement in a word, according to the scheme:
vowel or consonant;
vowel: stressed or unstressed;
consonant: voiced or deaf, paired or unpaired (name a couple);
hard or soft, paired or unpaired (name a pair)
7. Count the number of letters and sounds.
Sample written review:
Letter / mo - [p'i s'mo] - 2 syllables
p - [n '] - acc., deaf., Parn. [b/n], soft. steam. [p / p '] ,
and - [and] - vowel, unstressed.
s- [s '] - acc., deaf. par. [s/s], soft par. [s / s ']
b - [ ]
m - [m] - acc., bell. unpaired , solid steam. [mm']
o [o] - vowel, shock.
____________________________________
6 b. 5 stars
Morphemics and word formation is a section of the science of
language, learning
word parts and ways of their formation.
Parsing plan:
To parse any word by composition, do this:
1. Find an ending. To do this, change the word like this:
if it is a noun, change the questions (who? what? whom? what?
by whom? how? about whom? about what?) and by numbers (singular plural).
if this is an adjective, change it by gender and number. (what? what?
which? which?)
if the verb is changed by numbers and persons (substitute the words I, you, he, she,
they, we, you), and in the past tense by birth.
2.
Pick out the stem of the word. The stem is a part of a word without an ending (the stem is not
includes some suffixes, which you will learn about later).
3. Find the root of the word. To do this, pick up a few single-root words
(try to change prefixes, suffixes and do not confuse with word forms).
4. Select the suffix and prefix
Sample written review:
Let's break down the word: plantain
1) I am looking for an ending: plantain, plantain, plantain,
plantain ending zero. Plantain base.
plantain
2) I am looking for a root: track, road, road, roadside root road
plantain
3) Before the root prefix on the plantain
4) After the root and before the end, the suffix nick plantain
¬prefix ∩root ^suffix ending
prefixes
immutable
in over
about from
under before you
before for
on about
changeable
without / without
w/w/sun/sun
from/is
bottom/bottom
times/races,
suffixes
noun
awn
enini
ak
ok, yak
achets
adj.
to sk
willow ov
ev aln
ist n
anyan
vb.
and
e
a
well
ywa
repo pro
times / roses, rose
through / through
through / through
pre at
calf
shchikist
Nick prostrate
itzar
inenn
onn
willow
ova
eva
wa
In invariable words (nouns,
adverbs) basis
word is equal to the whole word: cinema on the left
In no case is a zero sign put
endings.
Morphological analysis of a noun includes the selection of four
permanent
animated
inanimate, gender, declension) and two inconstant (case and number).
(proper noun,
signs
noun
2) Initial form (nominative singular).
3) Permanent signs:
own - common noun; animate - inanimate; genus;
declination.
4) Non-permanent signs:
case; number.
noun
Funny dragonflies fly over the meadow.
Oral analysis
1) (over) the meadow - a noun. Identifies an object, responds to
the question "what?"
2) The initial form is a meadow.
3) Permanent signs: common noun; inanimate; masculine;
2 declination.
4) Non-permanent signs: instrumental case, singular.
5) In the proposal is a minor member (adverb of place),
explains the predicate: flies (where?) Over the meadow.
Written analysis
1) (above) the meadow - the name of the noun. (over what?), subject
2) n.f. - meadow.
3) nav., inanimate, m.r., 2nd cl.
4) in T.p., in units h.
5) circumstance: flies (where?) over the meadow.
1. Find the word to which the noun refers, and
ask him a question.
2. Determine the case on the question and preposition.
Seagulls circled over the lake.
Circling (over what?) over the lake (T.p.)
1. Determine the genus.
2. Highlight the ending of the noun in I.p.
singular.
3. Determine the declension by gender and ending.
Reasoning pattern
Notebook - she, mine - n., f.r. with b at the end;
in I.p. unit null ending;
means a noun notebook of the 3rd declension.
1) names of male persons (dandy, maestro,
porter);
2) names of animals and birds (chimpanzee, cockatoo,
hummingbird, kangaroo, pony, flamingo);
3) the words coffee, penalties, etc.
female names (miss, frau, lady).
names of inanimate objects (coat,
scarf, neckline, depot, subway, popsicle, cafe, cinema,
meringue, citro, jelly, soufflé, cocoa, domino, video,
lotto).
Morphology is a branch of the science of language that studies parts of speech.
Morphological analysis of the name of the adjective in elementary school includes
selection of three non-permanent signs (gender, number, case).
Name morphological parsing order
adjective
1) Part of speech. What does it mean to answer the question.
2) Initial form (nominative singular masculine).
3) Genus (in singular); case; number.
4) Syntactic role in the sentence.
Sample morphological name parsing
adjective
Oral analysis
1) motley - an adjective, as it denotes a sign of an object, answers
to the question "what?"
2) The initial form is motley.
3) feminine, nominative, singular.
4) in the sentence is a minor member (definition), explains
subject: butterfly (what?) motley.
Written analysis
1) motley - adjective name. (what?), a sign of an object,
2) n.f. - motley.
3) in the well. r., in I.p., in units h.
4) definition: butterfly (what?) motley.
1. Find the noun to which it refers
adjective.
2. Determine the case of the noun.
3. Determine the case by the case of the noun
adjective.
The stars are shining in the blue sky. (A.S. Pushkin)
Shine (where? in what?) in the sky - P.p.
in the sky (what?) blue - P.p.
Remember!
Plural adjectives
change only in cases.
Plural adjectives by gender
do not change.
The case of the adjective as in the singular,
and in the plural can be found by
case of the noun to which it
applies to:
to houses (D.p.) (what?) new (D.p.);
behind houses (T.p.) (what?) new (T.p.)
Morphology is a branch of the science of language that studies parts of speech.
Morphological analysis of the verb in elementary school includes highlighting
two permanent features (kind, conjugation) and four non-permanent (time,
person, number, gender).
The order of morphological parsing of the verb
1) Part of speech. What does it mean to answer the question.
2) Initial form (indefinite form).
3) Permanent signs:
view; conjugation.
4) Non-permanent signs:
time;
person and number (if the verb is in the present or future tense);
gender and number (if the verb is in the past tense)
5) Syntactic role in the sentence.
Sample morphological parsing of a verb
A motley butterfly flies over the flower.
Oral analysis
1) Flies - verb. Indicates the action of the subject, answers the question "what
does?"
2) The initial form is to fly.
3) Permanent features: imperfect appearance; I conjugation.
4) Non-permanent signs: present tense, 3rd person, singular.
5) It is a predicate in the sentence: the butterfly (what does it do?) flies
Written analysis
1) Flies - ch. (what does it do?), the action of the subject
2) n.f. - fly.
3) carry. in.; I ref.
4) in n.v., in the 3rd sheet, in units. h.
5) predicate: butterfly (what does it do?) flies
1. Determine the tense, person and number of the verb.
2. Name the indefinite form of this verb and by letter
vowel sound before the suffix - to determine
conjugation (melt, shine).
3. Remember the ending of the verb of this conjugation in the right
face and number.
I conjugation II conjugation
eat ish
no it
eat them
ee ite
ut (ut)
at (yat)
Exception verbs II conjugations
-et verbs: look, see, offend, hate,
depend, endure, twirl;
-at verbs: hear, breathe, hold, drive.
Exception verbs I conjugation
Shave, lay
Syntax is a branch of the science of language that studies the phrase and
offer.
Analysis of the proposal.
Define the offer:
1) According to the purpose of the statement: narrative (contains a message);
incentive (induces to action);
interrogative (contains a question);
2) By intonation: exclamation; non-exclamatory;
3) By the presence of the main members: simple or complex;
Grammar basis:
subject (who?, what?); predicate (what does it do?, what did it do? etc.)
4) By the presence of secondary members:
common or not common;
Secondary members of the sentence:
addition (case questions)
circumstance (where? how? when? from where? where?)
definition (what? what? what? what? whose? whose? whose?
5) The presence of homogeneous members.
Underline the main parts of the sentence:
subject and predicate.
Disassemble the subject group. (Put a question from
subject to secondary members of the sentence)
Disassemble the predicate group. (Put a question from the predicate
to secondary members of the sentence)
Pose a question from a minor member to
another
secondary member of the sentence.
Identify parts of speech: noun,
adjective, verb, pronoun,
suggestion, alliance.
Write down the phrases.
Sample written review:
pr. noun ch. noun with. noun
Dust and fluff flew from the rooster.
and
.
(Narrative, non-exclamation, simple, distribution, with a homogeneous member)
flew (from whom? where?) from a rooster
pr. noun ch. adj. noun
Growing in the shade
Fragrant lilies of the valley. (Narrative, non-exclamation, simple, distribution)
lilies of the valley (what?) fragrant
grew (in what? where?) in the shade
Enter a word without errors:
Enter any word, then click "parse". After that, you will receive an analysis in which the part of speech, case, gender, tense and everything else will be written. Because parsing is performed out of context, then several parsing options may be offered, among which you will need to choose the correct one. Parsing is done automatically by the computer, so sometimes there may be errors. Be careful, online analysis is for help, not for mindless rewriting. Note about the letter Yo: do not replace it with E.
Press Ctrl+D to bookmark the service for future reference.
In order not to experience difficulties in the scheme morphological analysis words or in the order of parsing, you should not automatically memorize the sequence and principle of parsing. It is most effective to focus on highlighting the general features of parts of speech, and then move on to the particular features of this form. At the same time, the general parsing logic should be preserved. Parts of speech will also help you.
The following examples of morphological parsing will allow you to understand the scheme of parsing the words of a sentence in Russian. However, it should be remembered that the presence of a text is a prerequisite for the correct analysis of parts of speech, because morphological analysis is a characteristic of a word (as a part of speech), taking into account the specifics of its use.
Consider examples morphological analysis.
Morphological analysis of a noun
- initial form (in the nominative case, singular);
- own or common noun;
- animate or inanimate;
- declination
- number;
- case;
- role in the proposal.
Noun(parsing sample):
Text: Babies love to drink milk.
Milk is a noun, the initial form is milk, common noun, inanimate, neuter, 2nd declension, in the accusative case, singular (does not have a plural), direct object.
Adjective parsing plan
- the initial form is the infinitive (nominative case, singular);
- category (qualitative, relative or possessive);
- short or complete (only about quality);
- degree of comparison (only qualitative);
- gender (only about the singular);
- case;
- number;
- role in the proposal.
Adjective(parsing sample):
Text: Alyonushka collected a full basket of mushrooms.
Full - adjective, initial form - full; quality: complete; in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, in the neuter gender, accusative case, is an addition.
numeral(parsing order):
- initial form (nominative for quantitative, nominative singular, masculine for ordinal);
- category by value (quantitative, ordinal);
- category by composition (simple, complex, composite);
- case;
- gender and number (for ordinal and some quantitative);
- role in the proposal.
Numeral (parsing sample):
Text: Four days have passed.
Four is a numeral, the initial form is four, quantitative, simple, in the nominative case, has no number and gender, is the subject.
Pronoun(parsing order):
- initial form (nominative case, singular, if it changes by number and gender);
- rank by value;
- gender (if any);
- case
- number (if any);
- role in the proposal.
Pronoun (parsing sample):
Text: Crystal raindrops dripped from it.
Nee is a pronoun, the initial form is she, personal, 3rd person, feminine, genitive, singular, adverb of place.
Morphological analysis of the verb
- infinitive (initial form);
- returnable or irrevocable;
- transitive or intransitive;
- conjugation;
- mood;
- time (for the indicative mood);
- person (for the present, future tense and imperative mood);
- gender (for the past tense and conditional in the singular);
- number;
- role in the proposal.
Verb (parsing sample):
Text: They told the truth without fear of condemnation.
They said - a verb, the initial form - to say, irrevocable, intransitive, perfective, 1st conjugation, in the indicative mood, past tense, plural, is a predicate.
Participle(parsing order):
- initial form (nominative, singular, masculine);
- infinitive;
- time;
- returnable or irrevocable (for valid);
- transitive or intransitive (for valid);
- complete or short (for the passive);
- gender (for the singular);
- case;
- number;
- role in the proposal.
Participle (parsing sample):
Text: I look at the falling leaves and feel sad.
Falling - participle, initial form - falling, from the verb fall, imperfective, present tense, irrevocable, intransitive, feminine, accusative, singular, agreed definition.
gerund(parsing order):
- the verb from which it is formed;
- returnable or irrevocable;
- transitive or intransitive;
- role in the proposal.
The participle (parsing sample):
Text: When you go abroad, you are sad about home.
Leaving - a gerund, from the verb "to leave", an imperfect form, irrevocable, intransitive, a circumstance of the mode of action.
Adverb(parsing order):
- category by value (definitive or adverbial);
- degree of comparison (if any).
Adverb (parsing sample):
Text: The sun rose higher and the clouds dissipated.
Above - an adverb, adverbial place, is a circumstance of place, a comparative degree.
Video
Something is not clear? There is a good video on the topic for adjectives:
The order of debriefing in your class may differ from what is suggested, so we advise you to check with your teacher for debriefing requirements.
Everything for study » Russian language » Morphological analysis of a word with examples and online
To bookmark a page, press Ctrl+D.
Link: https://site/russkij-yazyk/morfologicheskij-razbor-slova
For example:
Rice - 1 vowel, 2 consonants, 1 syllable
P - [p "] - consonant, soft paired, voiced unpaired
And - [and] - vowel, stressed
С - [с] - consonant, solid double, deaf double
3b., 3 stars [ rice ]
2. Morphemic parsing
3. Morphological analysis
I. Initial form (question)
IV. role in the proposal.
On the grass - (for what? Where?), name noun
I. Initial form - what? grass
II. Permanent signs - 1 fold, female, nav., inanimate.
III. Non-permanent signs - singular, D.P.
Shouts - (what does?) verb
I. Initial form - (what to do?) shout
II. Permanent signs - ІІ ref.
III. Non-permanent signs - present. temp., singular, 3rd person
IV. ______________
On the blue (sea) - (by what) adjective name
I. What is the initial form? blue
II. Permanent signs -
III. Non-permanent signs - cf., singular, D.p.
Behind me - (behind whom?) personal pronoun
I. Initial form - I
III. Non-permanent signs - Tv.p.
IV. _ _ _ _ _ or _ . _ . _ . _
4. Parsing
- By members of the proposal;
- Indicate parts of speech above each word, except for the preposition ?, union O, particles
- Show phrases, except for the grammatical basis, because this is not a phrase ×
- Make a diagram (expanded) or punctogram
- Describe the proposal
Simple
- according to the purpose of the statement
- by intonation
Complex (compound)
- according to the purpose of the statement
- by intonation
- by the number of grammatical bases
View document content
"Memo "Grammar Analysis""
1. Phonetic analysis
How many vowels, consonants, syllables, stress in a word;
Characteristics of vowel sounds: stressed, unstressed;
Characteristics of consonant sounds: by hardness-softness (indicate paired or unpaired), by sonority of deafness (indicate paired or unpaired);
For example:
Rice - 1 vowel, 2 consonants, 1 syllable
R - [r "] - consonant, soft paired, voiced unpaired
And - [and] - vowel, stressed
С - [с] - consonant, solid double, deaf double
3b., 3 stars [ rice ]
2. Morphemic parsing
3. Morphological analysis
I. Initial form (question)
II. Permanent (grammatical) features
III. Non-permanent (grammatical) signs
IV. role in the proposal.
On the grass - (for what? Where?), Name noun
I. Initial form - what? grass
II. Permanent signs - 1 cl., female, nav., inanimate.
III. Non-permanent signs - singular, D.P.
IV. _ _ _ _ _ or _ . _ . _ . _
Shouts - (what does?) verb
I. Initial form - (what to do?) shout
II. Permanent signs - ІІ ref.
III. Non-permanent signs - present. temp., singular, 3rd person
IV. ______________
On the blue (sea) - (by what) adjective name
I. What is the initial form? blue
II. Permanent signs -
III. Non-permanent signs - cf., singular, D.p.
Behind me - (behind whom?) personal pronoun
I. Initial form - I
II. Permanent signs - 1 sheet, unit.
III. Non-permanent signs - Tv.p.
IV. _ _ _ _ _ or _ . _ . _ . _
4. Parsing
Simple
according to the purpose of the statement
by intonation
by the presence of secondary members
by the number of grammatical bases
Complex (compound)
according to the purpose of the statement
by intonation
by the number of grammatical bases
5. Punctuation analysis of the sentence
Orally characterize the punctuation marks in the sentence and make a punctogram. (folded diagram)
