Ways of expressing the nominal part of the compound predicate. Can the subject be expressed in phrases, for example: we are with friends? In the role of the nominal part are

In this chapter:

§one. The main members of the sentence are subject and predicate

Subject

The subject is the main member of the sentence, independent of the other members of the sentence. The subject answers the questions I.p.: who? what?

In a sentence, the subject is expressed in different ways.

How is the subject expressed?

The subject can be a word or phrase.

Most often the subject is expressed:

1) noun: mother, laughter, love;
2) words that have the function of a noun: nouns derived from adjectives or participles: sick, manager, meeting, ice cream, canteen;
3) pronouns: we, nobody, anything;
4) numerals: three, five;
5) indefinite form of the verb: Smoking is harmful to health;
6) a phrase, if it has a meaning:
a) compatibility: husband and wife, duck with ducklings, me and my girlfriend;
b) uncertainty or generality: Something unfamiliar seemed in the distance. One of the guests covered the window;
c) quantities: 2 million people live in the city;
d) selectivity: Any of them could become the first. Most of the students coped with the control;
e) phraseological unit: The white nights have come.

Predicate

Predicate- this is the main member of the sentence, denoting what is being said about the subject that is the subject. The predicate depends on the subject and agrees with it. It answers different questions: what does the object do? what happens to him? what is he? who is he? what it is? what is the subject? All these questions are varieties of the question: what is being said about the subject? The choice of a specific question depends on the structure of the sentence.

The predicate contains the most important grammatical characteristic of the sentence: its grammatical meaning.

grammatical meaning- this is a generalized meaning of the sentence, which characterizes its content in terms of two parameters:

reality-irreality,
time.

reality-irriality expressed by the mood of the verb.

Verbs in the indicative mood are typical for statements that reflect the real situation: It's raining., It's getting light.
Verbs in the imperative and in the conditional mood are characteristic of sentences that reflect not a real, but a desirable situation. Don't forget your umbrella! If only it didn't rain today!

Time- an indicator of the correlation of the situation with the moment of speech. Time is expressed by the verb forms of the present, past and future tense.

Simple and compound predicate

The predicate in two-part sentences can be simple and compound. Compounds are divided into compound verbal and compound nominal.

Simple predicate- this is a type of predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in one word. A simple predicate is always a verb. It is expressed by the verb in the form of one of the moods. In the indicative mood, verbs can stand in one of three tenses: present - past - future.

He knows the verses by heart.

indicative mood, present. time

He knew the verses by heart.

indicative mood, past time

He will learn the verses by heart.

indicative mood, bud. time

You will memorize these verses.

imperative mood

In a circle, you would learn poems by heart.

conditional mood

Compound predicate- this is a type of predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words.
If in a simple verbal predicate the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in one word, then in a compound one they are expressed in different words. For example:

Suddenly, the baby stopped singing and started laughing.

Stopped singing, started laughing - compound predicates. The words sing, laugh are called action, while expressing the lexical meaning. The grammatical meaning is expressed by the words: stopped, started

Compound predicates are verbal and nominal.

Compound verb predicate

A compound verbal predicate is a predicate consisting of an auxiliary word and an indefinite form of the verb. Examples:

He finished working.

I want to help you.

Auxiliary words are divided into two groups:

1) verbs with the meaning of the beginning-continuation-end of the action, for example: start, finish, continue, stop, stop;

2) verbs and short adjectives with the meaning of possibility, desirability, necessity: to be able, to be able, to want, to want, to desire, to strive, to try; glad, ready, must, obligated, intends.

In a compound verbal predicate, auxiliary words express the grammatical meaning, and the indefinite form of the verb expresses the lexical meaning of the predicate.

In the event that a short adjective serves as an auxiliary word, then it is used with a bunch. The link is the verb to be. Here are the relevant past tense examples:

I was so glad to meet you!

In the present tense, the word is is not used, it is omitted: the link is zero, for example:

I'm so glad to meet you!

In the future tense, the link to be is put in the future tense. Example:

I will be glad to meet you.

Compound nominal predicate

A compound nominal is a predicate consisting of a linking verb and a nominal part. Linking verbs express the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and the nominal part expresses its lexical meaning.

1. The linking verb to be expresses only grammatical meaning. She was beautiful yesterday. In the present tense, the link is zero: She is beautiful.

2. Linking verbs to become, to become, to become, to appear, to be considered, to seem, to be called, to appear: The house seemed to be a dot from a distance.

3. Linking verbs with the meaning of movement or location in space: come, arrive, sit, lie down, stand: Mother returned tired from work., Mother sat thoughtful, sad.

In all these cases, linking verbs can be replaced by the verb to be. The sentences will be synonymous, for example:

Mother sat pensive, sad. Synonymous: Mother was thoughtful, sad.

He was considered the most talented of us. Synonymous: He was the most talented of us.

With such a replacement, of course, all the nuances of the meaning are not transmitted. Therefore, the language offers various linking verbs that emphasize different shades of meaning.

Combinations of a linking verb with auxiliary words are possible: She dreamed of becoming an actress.

The nominal part of the compound nominal predicate

The nominal part of the compound nominal predicate is expressed in Russian in different ways, and, paradoxically, not only by names. Although the most common and characteristic is the use of names as a nominal part of a compound nominal predicate: nouns, adjectives, numerals. Naturally, names can be replaced by pronouns. And since the role of adjectives and participles is similar, participles can also act along with adjectives. Adverbs and adverbial combinations are also possible in the nominal part. Examples:

1) noun: Mother is a doctor., Anastasia will be an actress.,

2) adjective: He grew up strong and handsome.,

3) numeral: Twice two four.,

4) pronoun: You will be mine., Who was nobody, he will become everything ("International"),

5) communion: The composition turned out to be lost., The daughter was finally cured.,

6) adverb and adverbial combination: The shoes were just right., The trousers turned out to be just right.

The nominal part can contain not only separate words, but also syntactically indivisible phrases. Examples:

She ran into the room with a cheerful face.
She sat with thoughtful eyes.

You can’t say: She ran in with a face., She sat with her eyes., Because phrases with a cheerful face and thoughtful eyes are syntactically indivisible - this is the nominal part of the compound nominal predicate.

test of strength

Find out how you understood the contents of this chapter.

Final test

What members of the proposal are considered the main ones?
- subject and object
- definition, circumstance and addition
- subject and predicate
Can the subject be expressed by words derived from adjectives or participles: head, sick, in love?
Can the subject be expressed in phrases, for example: we are with friends?
What is the subject of the sentence: Any of you can prepare for the exam and successfully pass it.?
- any
- any of you
What characteristics are included in the grammatical meaning of the sentence?
- reality - unreality and time
- type and time
Is it true that a simple verbal predicate is a predicate whose lexical and grammatical meaning is expressed by one verb?
Is it true that a compound predicate is a special type of predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words?
I can't help you.?
- simple verb
- compound verb
- compound nominal
What is the predicate in the sentence: He was always taken seriously.?
- simple verb
- compound verb
- compound nominal
What is the predicate in the sentence: Two by two is four.?
- simple verb
- compound verb
- compound nominal

Predicate, consisting of a nominal part and a linking verb is called a compound nominal predicate.
The linking verb to be is the most commonly used. A link in a sentence can be omitted.

Compound nominal predicate, which is abbreviated as SIS, consists of two parts:

a) auxiliary part - the link expresses the grammatical meaning;
b) the main part - the nominal part expresses the lexical meaning.

When parsing, the predicate is indicated by two horizontal lines.

The nominal part of the compound predicate is expressed:
adjective name.
Let's give an example: the road was bad;

noun.
Let's give an example: a dog is a true friend;

The comparative degree of an adjective.
Let's give an example: her hair is longer than her shoulders;

A short turn of the passive participle.
Let's give an example: food is eaten;

Short adjective.
Let's give an example: the morning is fresh;

Adverb.
Let's give an example: the error was obvious;

Numerical name.
Let's give an example: five five - twenty five;

Pronoun.
Let's give an example: this book is yours;

Syntactically complete phrase.
Let's give an example: she fell face down in the mud;

Link type by value:
Grammatical connective - expresses only grammatical meaning (time, mood), has no lexical meaning.

Typical verbs:
Verbs to be, to be. In the present tense, the connective to be is usually in the zero form ("zero connective"): the absence of a connective indicates the present tense of the indicative mood.

Here are some examples:
She was a teacher.
She will be a teacher.
She is a teacher.
She was a waitress.
She will be a waitress.
She is a waitress.
She is a waitress.
Lyricism is the highest manifestation of art.

Link type by value:
Semi-significant copula - not only expresses the grammatical meaning, but also introduces additional shades into the lexical meaning of the predicate, but cannot be an independent predicate (in that meaning).

Typical verbs:
a) the emergence or development of a sign: become, become, become, become;
b) preservation of the sign: stay;
c) manifestation, detection of a sign: to be, to be;
d) assessment of the sign from the point of view of reality: to appear, to appear, to be presented, to be considered, to be known;
e) the name of the sign: to be called, to be called, to be revered.

Here are some examples:
He became ill.
He remained sick.
He was sick every autumn.
He got sick.
He was considered sick.
He seemed sick.
He is sick.
He was said to be sick.
They were called sick.

Link type by value:
A significant copula is a verb with a full lexical meaning (one can act as a predicate).

Typical verbs:
a) Verbs of position in space: sit, lie, stand;
b) verbs of motion: go, come, return, wander;
c) state verbs: live, work, be born, die.

Here are some examples:
She sat tired.
He left angry.
He returned upset.
He lived as a hermit.
He was born happy.
He died a hero.

Compound nominal predicate (grade 8), along with the subject, is one of the main members of the sentence. As you know, there are three types of predicates: simple verbal predicate, compound verbal predicate, compound nominal predicate. A simple verb is expressed by one full-valued word or a related phrase. The compound verb predicate has two parts: the infinitive and the verb. What is a compound nominal predicate? To begin with, we note that it is studied in the 8th grade, it consists of two parts: a bundle and a nominal part.

Compound nominal predicate (8th grade)

A link in a compound nominal predicate

Bundle expresses modality and category of time. Most often, the following verbs can act as a link:

The verb to be in all categories of tense. Do not forget that this verb in the present tense turns into a zero connective;
verbs become, appear, become, etc.;
verbs with a categorical meaning of an action or process: arrive, return, stand, leave, reach, swim, fly away, come, etc .;

Katerina is excited and energized by the unforeseen circumstances that have arisen on her way home. I'll be the first just for the sake of being better than you. If you become a good boy, I might take you to the circus with me.
It was getting cold outside, so we returned to the house. You turned out to be a two-faced person, because you wanted to quarrel everyone. It becomes fun from those memories of bygone days.
Leave this doctor healthy. My husband will arrive tomorrow by plane via Moscow on a direct flight.

Types of ligaments

The compound nominal predicate has several types of connections, which are markedly different from each other:

In past and future tenses, the verb to be expressed clearly. Same context: she was a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition and she will be a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition. Compound nominal predicates with an abstract connective to be are highlighted in the sentences.

A few words about the form of the subjunctive mood, when using it, the particle would be added to the abstract connective to be. Suggestion: she would be a doctor with a lot of experience but little ambition.

Ligament semi-abstract, is represented by the verbs to appear, seem, turn out, appear, become, etc. The peculiarity of semi-significant connectives is that they carry not only a grammatical component, but also help in expressing the meaning of the nominal part of the predicate. Suggestion: she turned out to be a doctor with a lot of experience, but little ambition.
Ligament significant, expressed in words of action, movement, any process. For example, we include such verbs as sit, lie down, hear, think, read, walk, breathe, run, swim, wash, undress, speak, etc. These connectives express specific lexical and grammatical meanings. Suggestions: Geese in the yard walked important, as if the owners of the whole farmstead. He served as an ensign on the border for many years.

The nominal part of the compound nominal predicate

In the role of the nominal part are:

Summer days are getting shorter. Today you look better than yesterday. I'll be later, you don't have to wait for me for dinner. (adjective in comparative degree).
She is the decoration of this evening (noun in the instrumental form).
Aunt Masha seemed very sad to me. This summer has been unusually cold. The flowers you gave for the holiday were very beautiful. (adjective in a positive degree).
This child is sometimes completely unbearable. The man living on the floor above is extraordinarily rich. Honey collected from your apiary is so sweet. (abbreviated adjective).
All the mistakes made while writing the dictation were mine (possessive pronoun).
I suddenly became afraid. It was rather strange (adverb).

Sentences with a compound nominal predicate

Thus, the compound nominal predicate is studied in grade 8, along with other types of predicate: simple verb and compound verb. Its feature is the presence of two parts: ligament and nominal part. The problem of modern school education lies in the fact that sometimes students do not have time to fully understand the essence of the types of predicates in the classroom, as a result, it is impossible to find and determine one of the main members of the sentence. You can deal with this problem in different ways, for example, work with a tutor or watch accessible and simple video tutorials on the Internet.

Predicate along with the subject, it is an element of the grammatical basis of the sentence. The predicate denotes the action that the subject performs, as well as its state or sign, therefore, the predicate answers questions what to do? what to do? what happens to the subject? what is the subject? what is he? who is he? As a rule, the predicate is expressed by a verb, but there are other ways of expressing it - a noun, adjective, pronoun, participle, etc.

The predicate of the Russian language is represented by three types - simple verbal predicate, compound verbal and compound nominal. In order to quickly and correctly determine the type of predicate in a particular case, it is necessary, firstly, to present a diagram of the composition of the predicate, and secondly, to be able to apply the theoretical scheme to specific language material. Consider the types of predicates, briefly characterize each of them and follow the implementation with an example.

1. Simple verbal predicate.

This is the simplest type of predicate - it is expressed by a verb in some mood. For example, he plays; would come early and others. Most often, this type is remembered according to the formula: one word in the predicate, which means that the predicate is a simple verb. It is not difficult to guess that this formula is erroneous: this type includes predicates, which include 2, 3 or even more words. For example:

He will for a long time recall about the past(the future is complex).

Let be stars forever illuminate your long, long winter journey(imperative mood).

He went out of his mind (phraseologism).

They are waited, waited and did not wait (repetition of one verb in different forms).

Springs waited, waited nature(repetition of the same verb forms).

Get offended don't get offended, but it will still be in my opinion(repetition of one verb with the particle not).

I'll go for a walk (a combination of different verbs in the same form).

2. Compound verb predicate.

This predicate is built according to the scheme: auxiliary verb + infinitive. All these elements must be present in the predicate so that we can call it a compound verb! Again, you should not think that this predicate consists of 2 components - there may be more.

He wants to enroll in the Institute.

I long could not with them meet.

You must learn.

He was a lover of fun.

I was unable to think about it.

Note that phase verbs most often act as an auxiliary element (those that denote the phase of action - start, continue, become, quit) or modal words ( must, must, wants).

3. Compound nominal predicate.

Such a predicate consists of a linking verb and a nominal part. The most common linking verb be, but other links can also be found. The nominal part is expressed by an adjective. Noun, adverb, participle, pronoun, etc.

Weather was good.

The book is true friend.

He has character harder become.

Grass bevelled.

Evening quiet.

Mistake was present.

Two by two - four.

This notebook my.

As you can see, determining the type of predicate is a simple task, you only need to know the material confidently and 100% and, most importantly, be able to navigate it.

site, with full or partial copying of the material, a link to the source is required.

Among the predicates in the Russian language, three types (or types) are usually distinguished. These are simple verbal, compound verbal and compound nominal predicates. In this article, we will talk about the latter.

Features of the compound nominal predicate

As the name implies, this predicate is compound, that is, it consists of several parts. One of them performs predominantly or even exclusively a grammatical role, while the second expresses the main meaning of the predicate. It is easy to guess that it is usually expressed by some nominal part of speech, that is, one in the name of which there is the word "name": a noun, an adjective, a numeral. However, everything is not so simple.

Ways of expressing the grammatical part

The grammatical part of the compound nominal predicate is the linking verb "to be". Some other verbs, “semi-links” can play the same role: seem, become, etc.

The verb "to be" is in the required grammatical form. for example, is he will be cheerful, is he was cheerful. It is not customary to write in the present tense in Russian "he is cheerful". Zero binding is used. In the Romano-Germanic languages, the link is preserved. Compare: He is cheerful. – He is merry

The verb "to be" can be not only a link, but also an independent simple verb predicate (for example, I will soon have a bicycle.). It is not difficult to distinguish them, it is enough to put the sentence in the present tense, because the link "to be" is not used in the present tense, while in the position of the predicate the verb, of course, is preserved. Compare: