Asian capitals on the map. Foreign Asia: general characteristics

Asia is the largest part of the world. However, not everyone knows its exact location. Let us dwell in detail on where Asia is located.

Location and borders of Asia

Most of Asia is in the northern and eastern hemisphere. And its total area is 43.4 million km² with a population of 4.2 billion people. It has borders with Africa (connected by the Isthmus of Suez). Therefore, one of the parts of Egypt is located precisely in Asia. The Bering Strait separates Asia from North America. The border with Europe runs along the Emba River, the Caspian, Black and Marmara Seas, the Ural Mountains and the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits.

At the same time, the geopolitical border of this continent is slightly different from the natural one. So, it runs along the eastern borders of the Kurgan, Sverdlovsk and Arkhangelsk regions, Komi, Russia and Kazakhstan. Whereas in the Caucasus its geopolitical border coincides with the Russian-Georgian and Russian-Azerbaijani.

It is noteworthy that Asia is washed by four oceans at once - the Pacific, Indian, Arctic, as well as the Atlantic seas. Also, this continent has areas of internal flow - Lake Balkhash, the basins of the Aral and Caspian Seas and others.

Here are the coordinates of the extreme points of Asia:

South —103° 30′ E
North — 104° 18′ E
West — 26° 04′ E
East - 169° 40′ W

Features, climate and fossils of Asia

It is important to know that several huge platforms lie at the base of this continent:

Siberian;
Chinese;
Arabian;
Indian.

At the same time, ¾ of Asia is occupied by plateaus and mountains. Whereas permafrost covers 10 million square meters. km. mainland, and in the east there are several active volcanoes.

The coast of Asia is poorly dissected. The following peninsulas can be distinguished:

Taimyr;
Korean;
Hindustan;
Austrian and others.

Surprisingly, almost all types of climate are present in Asia - from the equatorial (southeast) to the arctic (north). The monsoon climate prevails in the eastern part of Asia, while the semi-desert climate prevails in the central and western parts.

Asia is rich in minerals. On its territory there are:

oil;
coal;
iron ore;
tungsten;
silver;
gold;
mercury and others.

1. General characteristics, a brief history of foreign Asia

Foreign Asia is the largest in terms of population (more than 4 billion people) and the second (after Africa) in terms of area region of the world, and it retains this primacy, in essence, throughout the entire existence of human civilization. The area of foreign Asia is 27 million square meters. km, it includes more than 40 sovereign states. Many of them are among the oldest in the world. Foreign Asia is one of the origins of mankind, the birthplace of agriculture, artificial irrigation, cities, many cultural values and scientific achievements. The region mainly consists of developing countries.

2. Diversity of foreign Asian countries by area

The region includes countries of different sizes: two of them are giant countries (China, India), there are very large ones (Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Indonesia), the rest are mainly classified as rather large countries. The boundaries between them pass along well-defined natural boundaries.

Peculiarities of the EGP of Asian countries:

Neighborhood position.
Maritime position.
Deep position of some countries.

The first two features have a beneficial effect on their economy, and the third complicates external economic relations.

3. Diversity of countries of foreign Asia by population

Largest countries in Asia by population (2012)
(according to CIA)

4. Diversity of countries of foreign Asia by geographical location

Asian countries by geographic location:

Maritime (India, Pakistan, Iran, Israel, etc.).
Island (Bahrain, Cyprus, Sri Lanka, etc.).
Archipelagos (Indonesia, Philippines, Japan, Maldives).
Inland (Laos, Mongolia, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, etc.).
Peninsular (Republic of Korea, Qatar, Oman, etc.).

5. Diversity of foreign Asian countries by level of development

The political structure of countries is very diverse.
Monarchies of overseas Asia (according to wikipedia.org):











	Saudi Arabia

All other countries are republics.
Developed Asian countries: Japan, Israel, Republic of Korea, Singapore.
All other countries in the region are developing countries.
The least developed countries in Asia: Afghanistan, Yemen, Bangladesh, Nepal, Laos, etc.
China, Japan, India have the largest volume of GDP, per capita - Qatar, Singapore, UAE, Kuwait.

6. Forms of government and structure of the countries of foreign Asia

By the nature of the administrative-territorial structure, most Asian countries have a unitary structure. The following countries have a federal administrative-territorial structure: India, Malaysia, Pakistan, UAE, Nepal, Iraq.

7. Regions of foreign Asia

Regions of Asia:

Southwestern.
South.
Southeast.
Eastern.
Central.

Natural resources of foreign Asia

1. Introduction

The provision of foreign Asia with resources is determined, first of all, by the variety of relief, location, nature and climate.

The area is extremely homogeneous in terms of tectonic structure and topography: within its boundaries, the greatest amplitude of heights on earth (more than 9000 m) is noted, both ancient Precambrian platforms and areas of young Cenozoic folding, grandiose mountainous countries and vast plains are located here. As a result, the mineral resources of foreign Asia are very diverse.

2. Mineral resources of foreign Asia

The main pools of coal, iron and manganese ores, and non-metallic minerals are concentrated within the Chinese and Hindustan platforms. Within the Alpine-Himalayan and Pacific fold belts, ores predominate, including a copper belt along the Pacific coast. But the main wealth of the region, which also determines its role in the international geographical division of labor, is oil and gas. Oil and gas reserves have been explored in most countries of Southwest Asia (Mesopotamian trough of the earth's crust). The main deposits are located in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, and the United Arab Emirates. In addition, large oil and gas fields have been explored in the countries of the Malay Archipelago. Indonesia and Malaysia stand out especially in terms of reserves. The countries of Central Asia are also rich in oil and gas (Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan).

The largest salt reserves are in the Dead Sea. There are large reserves of sulfur and non-ferrous metals in the Iranian Highlands. In general, Asia is one of the main regions of the world in terms of mineral reserves.

Countries with the largest reserves and diversity of minerals:

China.
India.
Indonesia.
Iran.
Kazakhstan.
Turkey.
Saudi Arabia.

3. Land, agro-climatic resources of foreign Asia

The agro-climatic resources of Asia are heterogeneous. Vast massifs of mountainous countries, deserts and semi-deserts are hardly suitable for economic activity, with the exception of animal husbandry; the provision of arable land is low and continues to decline (as the population grows and soil erosion increases). But on the plains of the east and south, quite favorable conditions for agriculture are created. Asia contains 70% of the world's irrigated land.

4. Water resources (moisture resources), agroclimatic resources

The countries of East and Southeast Asia, as well as some regions of South Asia, have the largest reserves of water resources. At the same time, water resources are sorely lacking in the countries of the Persian Gulf.

In terms of general indicators, China, India, and Indonesia are provided with soil resources to the greatest extent.
The largest reserves of forest resources: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, China, India.

Population of Foreign Asia

The population of Asia exceeds 4 billion people. Many countries in the region are at the stage of "population explosion".

2. Birth and death rates (population reproduction)

All countries in the region, with the exception of Japan and some countries in transition, belong to the traditional type of population reproduction. However, many of them are in a state of population explosion. Some countries are fighting this phenomenon by pursuing a demographic policy (India, China), but most countries do not pursue such a policy, rapid population growth and its rejuvenation continue. At the current rate of population growth, the countries of foreign Asia are experiencing food, social and other difficulties. Among sub-regions of Asia, East Asia is the furthest away from the peak of the population explosion. Currently, the highest population growth rates are typical for the countries of Southwest Asia. For example, in Yemen, on average, there are almost 5 children per woman.

3. National composition

The ethnic composition of the Asian population is also extremely complex: more than 1,000 peoples live here - from small ethnic groups numbering several hundred people to the largest peoples in the world.

The largest peoples of foreign Asia in terms of population (more than 100 million people):

Chinese.
Hindustanis.
Bengalis.
Japanese.

The peoples of foreign Asia belong to about 15 language families. There is no such linguistic diversity in any other large region of the planet.
The largest language families of foreign Asia by population:

Sino-Tibetan.
Indo-European.
Austronesian.
Dravidian.
Austroasiatic.

The most complex countries in ethnolinguistic terms: India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia. India and Indonesia are considered the most multinational countries in the world. In East and Southwest Asia, with the exception of Iran and Afghanistan, a more homogeneous national composition is characteristic. The complex composition of the population in many parts of the region leads to acute ethnic conflicts.

4. Religious composition

Foreign Asia is the birthplace of all major religions, all three world religions were born here: Christianity, Buddhism, Islam.
Christianity: Philippines, Georgia, Armenia, a significant proportion of Christians in Kazakhstan, Japan, Lebanon.
Buddhism: Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Bhutan, Mongolia.
Islam: Southwest Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Bangladesh.
Among other national religions it is necessary to note Confucianism (China), Taoism, Shintoism. In many countries, interethnic contradictions are based precisely on religious grounds.

Presentation for the lesson:

!? Exercise.

Russian border.
Sub-regions of Foreign Asia.
Republics and monarchies.

Asia is washed by the Arctic, Indian and Pacific oceans, as well as - in the west - by the inland seas of the Atlantic Ocean (Azov, Black, Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean). At the same time, there are vast areas of internal flow - the basins of the Caspian and Aral Seas, Lake Balkhash, etc. Lake Baikal surpasses all lakes in the world in terms of the volume of fresh water it contains; 20% of the world's fresh water reserves are concentrated in Baikal (excluding glaciers). The Dead Sea is the world's deepest tectonic depression (-405 meters below sea level). The coast of Asia as a whole is relatively poorly dissected, large peninsulas stand out - Asia Minor, Arabian, Hindustan, Korean, Kamchatka, Chukotka, Taimyr, etc. Near the coast of Asia - large islands (Great Sunda, Novosibirsk, Sakhalin, Severnaya Zemlya, Taiwan, Philippine, Hainan, Sri Lanka, Japanese, etc.), occupying an aggregate area of more than 2 million km².

At the base of Asia are four huge platforms - Arabian, Indian, Chinese and Siberian. Up to ¾ of the territory of the part of the world is occupied by mountains and plateaus, the highest of which are concentrated in Central and Central Asia. In general, Asia is a contrasting region in terms of absolute elevations. On the one hand, here is the highest peak in the world - Mount Chomolungma (8848 m), on the other hand, the deepest depressions - Lake Baikal with a depth of up to 1620 m and the Dead Sea, whose level is 392 m below sea level. East Asia is an area of active volcanism .

Asia is rich in various minerals (in particular, fuel and energy raw materials).

Almost all types of climate are represented in Asia - from arctic in the far north to equatorial in the southeast. In East, South and Southeast Asia, the climate is monsoonal (within Asia there is the wettest place on Earth - the place of Cherrapunji in the Himalayas), while in Western Siberia it is continental, in Eastern Siberia and Saryarka it is sharply continental, and on the plains Central, Central and Western Asia - semi-desert and desert climate of temperate and subtropical zones. Southwest Asia - tropical desert, the hottest within Asia.

The extreme north of Asia is occupied by tundra. To the south is the taiga. Fertile black earth steppes are located in western Asia. Most of Central Asia, from the Red Sea to Mongolia, is occupied by deserts. The largest of them is the Gobi Desert. The Himalayas separate Central Asia from the tropics of South and Southeast Asia.

The Himalayas are the highest mountain range in the world. The rivers, on the territory of the basins of which the Himalayas are located, carry silt to the fields of the south, forming fertile soils.

The video lesson is devoted to the topic "Political Map of Foreign Asia". This topic is the first in the section of lessons on Overseas Asia. You will get acquainted with the diverse and interesting countries of Asia, which play a significant role in the modern economy due to their financial, geopolitical influences and features of the economic and geographical position. The teacher will tell in detail about the composition, borders, and originality of the countries of Foreign Asia.

Theme: Overseas Asia

Lesson:Political map of Overseas Asia

Peculiarities of the EGP of Asian countries:

1. Neighborhood.

2. Seaside position.

3. Deep position of some countries.