Exercise 1. Using the text of the textbook and maps of the atlas, describe the US EGP. Is it really beneficial? Why do you think so? Apply the standard plan for characterizing the country's (region's) EGP on p. 222.
Task 2 Using the text of the textbook and figures 83-86, describe the largest
(creative most urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas of the United States. Calculate the proportion of three
something!). megalopolises in the area and population of the country, compare the population density in megalopolises with the national average, draw conclusions. Choose from the text and figures of topic 3 those provisions and figures that are appropriate to use when characterizing urbanization in the United States.
Additional Make a crossword "States and cities of the USA".
task (for pleasure).
Task 3. Using the data in the tables and figures of topic 5 and the tables of the "Appendices", make the necessary calculations, make a bar (bar) or pie chart in your notebook showing the share of the United States in world industrial and agricultural production for certain types of products. Analyze them.
Task 4. Using the text from your textbook and a map of US mineral resources in an atlas, prove that US mineral resources contribute to the development of a diversified industry. Illustrate the following phrase of the textbook: "The main wealth of the eastern part is fuel minerals, the western one is ore." Apply the standard plan for characterizing the natural prerequisites for the development of the country's (region's) industry on p. 222.
Add- Using data on reserves and production of coal, oil, natural gas, iron
body for- ore in the USA, calculate the availability of them (in years). Taking advantage given (us- data in the text of the textbook and in table 1, calculate the share of the United States in the world false). explored reserves of coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore. What conclusions can be drawn from this analysis?
Task 5. Using Figure 87, name the top five oil states in the United States. Determine in which of them oil production is also carried out on the continental shelf. Try to explain the configuration of the existing system of oil pipelines, the reasons for the construction of the Trans-Alaska oil pipeline, which was built in the 70s. From Figure 25, determine where the United States imports oil and petroleum products from. What explains this? Apply a typical plan for the characteristics of the industry of the country (region).
Task 6. Using Figure 88, compile in your notebook a concise and reference table "The main areas of the US steel industry" in the following form:
Task 7. According to Figure 28, determine from which countries the United States imports iron ore. What caused it?
Use the economic map of the United States and the world engineering map in the atlas to specify the characteristics of engineering contained in the text of the textbook. Determine by them the largest centers of this industry. Illustrate the textbook's position that the main engineering regions coincide with the US metropolitan areas.
Add- Using the same cards, make a summary and reference in your notebook
body for- table "Structure of mechanical engineering in the largest centers of this industry given (complicated). in the USA".
Task 8. Using the text, figure 89 and other drawings of the textbook, as well as the economic map of the United States in the atlas, compile a concise and reference table "US Industrial Belts" in the notebook in the following form:
Formulate and record conclusions.
Task 9. Using Figure 90, describe the location of US crop production. By overlaying Figure 90 and the US political division map in the atlas, determine: 1) the two main "wheat" states (one for spring, the other for winter wheat), 2) the main "corn" state.
Task 10. Using the plans of downtown New York and Washington in the atlas and
(creative additional sources of information, prepare a report on cultural
something!).-historical and architectural sights of one of these cities. As a "guide" take a short "tour" around the city.
Task 11. Based on the text and drawings of the textbook and maps of the atlas, give a brief
(creative a written description of one of the US macrodistricts (according to one's own
something!) choice).
Add- Imagine that you have taken "journeys" around the USA - along
body for- parallels 40° N sh. and along the meridian 100° W. e. Describe the routes.
dacha (for pleasure). Use additional literature.
Task 12 Carefully review the text and figures of part I of the textbook and tables
(creative"Applications". Choose from them all related to Canada. Use
something!). Atlas maps for Canada. Based on these materials, complete the brief socio-economic description of this country given in the textbook. Apply the sample country profile plan on p. 329.
Task 13 1. (Work in a notebook.) Using the materials of topic 9, name the main
(final). typological features of the population and economy of the USA and Canada. Present them in the form of the following table:
Work with this table, make a generalization.
2. (Work on a contour map.) Put on the contour map of North America (optional): 1) the largest cities, 2) the main seaports, 3) transcontinental railways. You can expand this list at your own discretion.
3. Determine what types of thematic maps in the textbook and atlas you used when studying this topic. Which of them are new to you?
4. Based on the text of the textbook and figure 81, describe the Central Business District of an American city.
SELF-CONTROL AND MUTUAL CONTROL UNIT
Explain why:
1. The Northeast of the United States was called the "workshop of the nation."
2. A significant part of the heavy industry of the USA and Canada is concentrated in the Great Lakes region.
3. US aluminum smelters are located in the Tennessee and Columbia river valleys.
4. The specialization of agriculture in the US and Canada changes as you move from east to west.
5. Florida, California and Hawaii attract the most tourists.
6. In the United States and Canada, in recent decades, interest in the development of the regions of the North has increased.
What problems arise:
1. Due to the accelerated industrialization of the South and West of the USA?
2. Due to the fact that the US economy is becoming increasingly dependent on imports of oil, iron ore and other raw materials and fuels?
Do you agree with the following statements:
1. Megalopolis "Boswash" - the largest urban area in the US?
2. Recently, Alaska has become an important oil production area in the US?
3. Is farming dominant in the US and Canada?
4. Is the US transportation system of the same type as the transportation system of foreign Europe?
5. Does the St. Lawrence River connect the Great Lakes to New York?
6. Is Atlanta the largest airport in the world?
7. Is Canada's population 1/2 the size of the US?
Can you:
1. Find on the map the US cities mentioned in the main text of topic 9, and arrange them from east to west from memory?
2. Give examples of "dairy", "corn", "wheat", "orange", "pineapple", "apple", "cotton" US states?
3. Put on a contour map New England, the Far West, California?
4. Say which of the following indicators characterizes the share of the West in the area of the entire country (in%): 20, 36, 49, 64?
5. List the types of minerals for which Canada is a global producer and exporter?
Use the text of the textbook and maps to answer the questions:
1. Which parts of the US are most likely to employment people in: 1) oil production, 2) the aerospace industry, 3) raising broiler chickens?
2. Which transcontinental railroads can be used to cross the US and Canada in a latitudinal direction?
3. What natural, socio-economic and historical reasons contributed to the development of the US Northeast?
Imagine:
1. That you have visited one of the big cities in the USA or Canada. Describe it.
2. That you wanted to get to know the US industry. What cities do you need to visit to visit: 1) an aircraft factory, 2) a large electronics factory, 3) an automobile factory, 4) a petrochemical plant, 5) a steel mill?
3. That you had the opportunity to work at: 1) a cattle ranch, 2) a tobacco plantation, 3) a sawmill. Which states in the US or provinces in Canada would you need to go to?
Fill in the gaps in the following phrases:
1. The economic capital of the United States is considered to be ..., but it is increasingly competing with ... .
2. Most of the Midwest borders on... and..., the two main waterways of North America.
3. Among the important crops of the South of the USA is ....
4. In the Canadian province... most of the inhabitants speak French.
METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 9
What needs to be remembered
1. Political map and peoples of North America. (Geography, grade 7.) 2. Features of the physical and geographical position, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of North America. (Geography, grade 7.) 3. Features of the historical development of North America in the late XIX-first half of the XX century. (History, grades 8, 9.) 4. Materials of part I of this textbook. 5. Concepts and terms: reserve, farmer.
What you need to know
Topic 9 Leading Ideas:
1. As a result of the collapse of the world socialist system and the Soviet Union, the role of the United States in world politics and economics has increased. 2. New relations between Russia, other countries with economies in transition and the United States have become an important factor in international stability and have changed the entire world political situation for the better.
The main scientific knowledge of topic 9:
1. Characteristic features of the EGP, the geography of natural resources and the population of the United States. 2. General characteristics of the US economy. 3. The main features of the geography of industry, agriculture, transport, nature management in the United States, the main industrial and agricultural regions. 4. Macroregionalization of the USA and the appearance of each of the four macroregions. 5. Brief economic and geographical characteristics of Canada. 6. Keywords of the topic: 1) North American type of city, 2) “second economy”, 3) gross national product, 4) stage specialization, 5) North American type of transport network, 6) industrial belt, 7) agricultural belt, 8) focal type of land development.
What you need to know
1. Describe urban agglomerations and megalopolises. 2. Describe the industry of the country. 3. Give a brief economic and geographical description of the country. 4. Compile a written economic and geographical description.
Instructions and plans for mastering the skills of independent study
1. Plan for the characteristics of the industry of the country (region):
1. The importance of the industry and the size of its products. 2. Natural prerequisites for the development of the industry. 3. Structure of the industry. 4. The main factors influencing the location of the industry, and the main features of its geography; sectoral industrial areas. 5. Dependence of the industry on exports and imports. 6. General conclusion; prospects for the development of the industry.
2. Plan for the characteristics of an individual country:
1. The main features of the EGP. 2. Economic assessment of natural conditions and resources. 3. The main features of reproduction, structure and distribution of the population. 4. General characteristics of the economy. 5. The main features of the location of the industry. 6. The main features of the location of agriculture. 7. The main features of the geography of transport. 8. Main economic regions. 9. The role and geography of foreign economic relations. 10. General conclusion; development prospects.
Theme 10. LATIN AMERICA
BLOCK OF OBTAINING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
Exercise 1. According to the "visiting card" on the flyleaf of the textbook, determine the forms of government and the administrative-territorial structure of the countries of Latin America; make a table in your notebook. Compare these countries with the countries of foreign Asia and Africa and try to explain the differences.
Task 2. Using the map of the world's mineral resources and the economic map of Latin America in the atlas and tables 3, 4 and 5 in the "Appendices", characterize the composition of minerals in its individual subregions. Explain the similarities and differences.
Add- Determine the main territorial combinations of minerals
body for- Latin America and plot them on a contour map. What are the prerequisites Denmark(us- they create for the development of industry, for the development of new resource false). districts?
Task 3. Use figures 7-9 of the textbook, tables 6, 7 and 8 of the "Appendices" and maps of land, agro-climatic and water resources in the atlas to specify the characteristics of the region's renewable natural resources.
Task 4. Using figures 12-14 of the textbook and maps of fertility, mortality and natural increase in the population in the atlas, specify the provisions of the textbook related to population reproduction.
Topic 7. FOREIGN ASIA. AUSTRALIA
Task 1. Using the "visiting card" of the countries of foreign Asia on the flyleaf of the textbook, specify the characteristics of their political system. Based on knowledge from history courses, explain why in no other part of the world have so many absolute monarchies been preserved as in overseas Asia. Plot republics and monarchies on a contour map. Label the federal states. See also Table 2 of the Appendix.
Addition- Using table 1 in the "Appendices", put on a contour map
foreign countries of foreign Asia that gained political independence after
denmark (us- World War II. Write down the dates of independence and false). compare countries of four sub-regions.
Task 2. Using the maps of the atlas, determine what types of minerals the countries of foreign Asia have. Distribute them among the main countries and draw conclusions about the "completeness" and "incompleteness" of the composition of their mineral resources. Give examples of territorial combinations of these resources. Use also tables 3, 4 and 5 in the "Appendices".
Task 3. Based on the text of the textbook, a physical map of foreign Asia, as well as maps of land, water and agro-climatic resources of the world in the atlas and table 6 in the "Appendices", characterize the natural conditions for the development of agriculture in foreign Asia. Apply the standard plan for characterizing natural conditions for the development of agriculture in the country (region) on p. 272. Also use the knowledge gained in the study of the geography of continents and oceans in the 7th grade.
Task 5. Complete the characteristics of the population of foreign Asia with the figures and facts contained in figures 17, 18 and in tables 2 and 3 of the textbook, as well as on the atlas maps and in tables 11-17 of the "Appendices".
Task 6. Using the economic map of Southwest Asia in the atlas and figure 61 of the textbook, describe the location of the oil industry in this subregion. Name the main oil fields, oil refining centers, oil pipelines, seaports through which oil is exported.
Task 7. On the map of China in the atlas, determine with which states this country has land borders. Compare it by the number of neighboring countries with Russia.
Task 8. Using the text of the textbook, the “visiting card” on its flyleaf, the drawings of the textbook, the table in the “Appendices” and the maps of the atlas, describe the population of China. State the main facts, draw conclusions. Apply the model plan for characterizing the population of a country (region) on p. 272.
Add- Using the following toponymic dictionary, "decipher" the names
body for- some provinces of China, indicated in Figure 65: "bay" - north, dacha (for"nan" - south, "tung" - east, "si" - west, "shan" - mountain, "yuan" and "ning"
pleasure).- plain, "he" and "jiang" - river, "hu" - lake, "yun" - cloud.
For example: "Hebei" - "north of the river" (Huanghe).
Task 9. Using the figures and tables in part I of the textbook, as well as table 23 in the "Appendices", draw up a table diagram for China following the model of figure 59 for Japan.
Task 10. Using the atlas maps, give examples of the largest industrial centers representing the main sectors of China's heavy industry.
Add- Plot these centers on the contour map. Think about their reasons.
telny task (complicated). occurrence.
Task 11. Using the agro-climatic map of the world and the economic map of Central and East Asia in the atlas, determine:
1) within which agro-climatic zones the territory of China is located; 2) what crops are typical for it; 3) where are the main areas of their cultivation. Try to name the main reasons for their specialization.
Add- Draw on the contour map the main areas of cultivation of rice, wheat
telny task (complicated). and tea in China. Explain their placement.
Task 12. Using the text of the textbook, Figure 65 and maps of the atlas, give a comparative description of the three economic zones of China.
Add- Imagine that you are a tour guide and you are assigned to
body for- tour of the center of Beijing. Using the text of the textbook, Beijing's plan dacha (for atlas and additional sources of information, prepare
pleasure). material for such an excursion and "spend" it with your comrades.
Task 13. Using the text of the textbook, the political map of the world and the economic map of Japan in the atlas, characterize the EGP of Japan. Apply the standard plan for characterizing the country's (region's) EGP on p. 222.
Add- Using the text and drawings of the textbook, as well as the maps of the atlas, give
body for- comparative characteristics of the EGP of Japan and Great Britain; define given (complicated). similarities and differences.
Task 14. Using the text of the textbook and Figure 69, characterize the structure of Japan's exports and imports. Using the figures in Topic 5, describe the main fuel and raw material imports to Japan.
Task 16. The usual tourist route in Japan includes Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto,
(creative Hiroshima. But he does not give a complete picture of this country. Using
something!). text and pictures of the textbook, as well as additional sources of information, make an itinerary that shows both faces of Japan.
Task 17. Using the text of the textbook, figure 74, tables 14, 16, 17 in the "Appendices" and the map of the peoples of India in the atlas, describe the population of India. Name the cities-"millionaires". Calculate the average population density in 1951, 1981, 1991 and 2001. Compare the findings and explain what they show.
Task 18. Using the text of the textbook, the physical map of Asia and the economic map of South and Southeast Asia in the atlas, describe the agriculture of India. Apply the model plan for the characteristics of agriculture of the country (region) on p. 242.
Add- Using the map in the atlas, plot the areas of cultivation on the contour map.
body for- rice, wheat, millet, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tea. given (us- Determine which areas (types) of agriculture in foreign Asia
false). presented in India.
Task 19. Carefully review the text and pictures of part I of the textbook and choose from
(creative- all of them pertaining to Australia. Use atlas maps for Australia
skoe!). and application tables. Based on these materials, complete the brief socio-economic description of this country given in the textbook.
Task 20. 1. (Work in a notebook.) Make a logical summary of one of
(final). paragraphs of topic 7.
2. (Work on a contour map.) Using the text and drawings of the textbook, make a chart: "The most important products supplied by the countries of foreign Asia to the world market." Show with arrows the export of mining, manufacturing and agricultural products.
3. Choose one of the countries of foreign Asia that you would like to visit. Pick up interesting material on this country. Describe it - as if from personal impressions.
4. Determine what types of thematic maps in the textbook and atlas you used when studying topic 7.
5. Using figure 73 in your textbook, describe a dry coastal sea in Japan.
Try to answer:
1. Why, of all economically developed countries, the "shift to the sea" of the economy received the most vivid expression in Japan? Why did Japan become a pioneer in the construction of supertankers, coal carriers, ore carriers, car carriers?
2. Why is the population density in South and Southeast Asia the highest in the valleys and deltas of the rivers?
3. Why has animal husbandry become the main branch of the Mongolian economy?
4. Why can the Mekong River be called the "Danube of Asia"?
5. How does the specialization of China's agriculture change as you move from north to south? from east to west?
6. Why does the extractive industry account for only 0.3% of Japan's industrial structure?
7. Why do they say: “To know India, one must live in the countryside”?
8. Why in Australia are mastered mainly near-ocean territories?
Check if the following statements are correct and, if necessary, give the correct answer:
1. Every fifth inhabitant of the Earth is Chinese.
2. Japan, unlike other Asian countries, is characterized by the first type of population reproduction.
3. South Asia is the most multinational and multilingual region in the world.
4. Japan has become a leading industrial power with only one type of resource - labor resources.
5. Peasants in the monsoon regions of Asia grow wheat and barley.
6. Australia ranks second in the world in the number of sheep and first in the production of wool.
Choose the correct answer:
1. The bowels of the countries of Southwest Asia are rich in: oil, natural gas, iron ore, uranium, non-ferrous metal ores.
2. Among the agricultural products of South Asia stand out: rice, bananas, dates, wheat, tea, cotton, wool.
3. The most economically developed of the four main Japanese islands is: 1) about. Hokkaido, 2) about. Khonshu, 3) about. Kyushu, 4) about. Shikoku.
Eliminate wrong answers:
Japan exports: ferrous metals, cars, ships, electronics, coal, oil, iron ore, timber, livestock products.
Can you:
1. Place the following countries, mentioned in the text and on text maps, on the contour map of the world from memory: Mongolia, North Korea, Thailand, Singapore, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Israel?
2. Show on the map the following cities mentioned in the text and on text maps: Shanghai, Osaka, Jakarta, Bangkok, Mumbai, Kabul, Riyadh, Istanbul, Sydney, Melbourne?
3. Indicate which of the following countries are newly industrialized countries: North Korea, Cambodia, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Iraq?
4. Which of the following capital cities are seaside cities: Ulaanbaatar, Beijing, Tokyo, Seoul, Hanoi, Delhi, Baghdad, Ankara, Beirut?
5. What are the five major cities in Australia?
1. The country ranks first in the world in terms of average population density (excluding microstates).
2. The country ranks first in the world in terms of oil reserves.
3. The country ranks first in the world in terms of irrigated land.
4. A mainland country that is part of the Commonwealth.
METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 7
What needs to be remembered
1.Political map, peoples and countries of foreign Asia. (Geography, grade 7.) 2. Features of the physical and geographical position, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of foreign Asia and Australia, natural zones within them. (Geography, grade 7.) 3. The states of Asia in antiquity and the Middle Ages. (History, grades 5, 6.) 4. Features of the historical development of China, India and Japan in the late XIX - first half of the XX century. (History, grades 8, 9.) 5. Materials of part I of the textbook. 6. Concepts and terms: climatic zones, monsoons, soil erosion, land reclamation, rainfed agriculture, reservation.
What you need to know
Topic 7 Leading Ideas:
1. In recent decades, the role of the countries of foreign Asia and the Asia-Pacific region in world politics and the economy has been increasing all the time. 2. Separate large cultural regions have historically developed on the territory of foreign Asia.
The main scientific knowledge of topic 7:
1.Characteristic features of the economic and geographical position, geography of natural conditions and resources, population, industry, agriculture, environmental problems of foreign Asia and four subregions. 2. Economic and socio-geographical characteristics of China. 3. Economic and socio-geographical characteristics of Japan. 4. Economic and socio-geographical characteristics of India. 5. Brief overview of Australia. 6. Keywords of the topic: 1) interethnic and religious conflict, 2) separatism, 3) eastern (Asian) city type, 4) megalopolis, 5) "growth pole".
What you need to know
1. Describe the natural prerequisites for the development of agriculture in the country (region). 2. Give a description of the country's (region's) agriculture. 3. Describe the population of the country (region). 4. Make a logical summary of a part of the text of the textbook. 5. Make maps.
Instructions and plans for mastering the skills of independent study.
1. Plan for the characteristics of natural conditions for the agricultural economy of the country (region):
1. Territory relief conditions and their influence on the location of agriculture. 2. Agro-climatic characteristics of the territory. 3. Soil and vegetation conditions of the territory. 4. General assessment of the natural prerequisites for the development of agriculture.
2. Plan for the characteristics of agriculture of the country (region):
1. The importance of the industry and the size of the products. 2. Natural conditions for the development of the industry. 3. Features of agrarian relations. 4. The structure of the industry, the ratio of crop and livestock. 5. Geography of plant growing and animal husbandry, agricultural regions (zones). 6. Dependence of the country on the export and import of agricultural products. 7. General conclusion and prospects for the development of the industry.
3. Plan for the characteristics of the population of the country (region):
1. Number, type of population reproduction, demographic policy. 2. Age and sex composition of the population, availability of labor resources. 3. National (ethnic) composition of the population. 4. Social and class composition of the population. 5. The main features of the distribution of the population, the impact of migration on this distribution. 6. Levels, rates and forms of urbanization, main cities and urban agglomerations. 7. Rural resettlement. 8. General conclusion. Prospects for population growth and labor supply.
Theme 8. AFRICA
BJIOK KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
Exercise 1. Using Table 1 in the Appendix, plot the African countries that gained political independence after World War II on a contour map. Indicate the dates of independence and compare in this respect the countries of North and Tropical Africa.
Add- Using the "business card" on the flyleaf of the textbook, select the appropriate
body for- the existing "pairs" of countries in Africa and foreign Europe, approximately equal in
giving (for pleasure). by the size of the territory.
Task 2. Using the maps of the atlas and tables 3-5 of the "Appendices", classify the countries of Africa according to the degree of their wealth in minerals. Make a table in the following form:
Draw conclusions about the provision of these countries with raw materials and fuel for the development of heavy industry.
Add- Using the same sources, determine the main territorial combinations
body for- mineral. Describe the composition of fossils in each of them; given (us- try to connect it with the tectonic structure of the territory. Apply false). combinations of minerals on a contour map.
Task 3. Using figures 7, 8 and 9, tables 6, 7 and 8 in the "Appendices" and maps of the atlas, specify and complete the characteristics of land, water and agro-climatic resources of Africa contained in the text of the textbook.
Task 4. Using Table 3, quantify the "urban explosion" in Africa. What conclusions can be drawn from these calculations?
Add- Prepare a summary of the report on the topic: "Population of Africa." Use
body for- text and drawings of topics 3 and 8 of the textbook, maps of the atlas, tables of "Appendices", given (complicated). additional literature.
Task 5. Analyze figure 77. Using the economic map of Africa in the atlas, indicate specifically which ore, non-metallic minerals, food products and types of agricultural raw materials determine the monocultural specialization of each of the countries indicated in the graph.
Task 6. Based on the physical and economic maps of Africa in the atlas, determine: 1) the main areas of the mining industry in Africa and their specialization, 2) the main areas of commercial agriculture and their specialization, 3) trans-African transport routes. Also use the drawings of topic 5 of the textbook.
Add- Using the maps of the atlas, make a table in your notebook "Zonal special-
body for- zation of export and consumer crops in
giving (creative!) Africa" in the following form:
Draw all possible conclusions from the analysis of this table.
Task 7. Using the text of the textbook and the plan of Cairo in the atlas, prepare a message
(creative on the theme "Cairo - the Arab city of North Africa." Use also
something!). additional sources of information.
Add- Imagine that you have taken a journey down the Nile from Aswan to
body for- mouth. Describe your journey in a letter to a friend. try to do dacha (for so that a colorful image of this territory arises.
pleasure).
Task 8. What do you think should be done to prevent future
(creative!). a repeat of the "Sahel tragedy"? Give a rationale for your "project".
Add- In his novel Five Weeks in a Balloon, Jules Verne spoke of
body for- travel in Africa in a hot air balloon. "Repeat" the route of this dacha (for trips. In which countries are they located and what are they pleasure). areas of Africa described by the writer today?
Final 1. (Work in a notebook.) Compare the countries of North, Tropical Africa and
task 9. South Africa according to some indicators characterizing their population and economy. Determine the similarities and differences. Arrange the necessary data in the form of a table.
2. Compare the main extractive industries in North Africa and Southwest Asia. What conclusion can be drawn from this comparison?
3. Compare the main export crops of Tropical Africa and South Asia. What conclusion can be drawn from this comparison?
4. For class demonstration, prepare a small album called Geography of Africa on Postage Stamps.
SELF-CONTROL AND MUTUAL CONTROL UNIT
Answer the questions:
1. Why is the shift of the population to the coasts of the oceans and seas in Africa less pronounced than in overseas Asia?
2. Why is the Congo River not used for the export of industrial products from the Copper Belt?
3. Why is Cairo called "the diamond button that fastens the delta"?
4. Why is Senegal called the "Peanut Republic"?
Are the following statements correct: ^Sh
1. Most African countries achieved independence in the second half of the 20th century.
2. Africa is the region with the highest birth rate and the highest death rate in the world.
3. African countries are characterized by high rates of urbanization.
4. Nigeria's main mineral is bauxite.
Choose the correct answer:
2. The most important types of minerals in North Africa are ... (coal, iron ore, bauxite, oil, natural gas, phosphorites).
3. The least developed countries in Africa include ... (Algeria, Ethiopia, Chad, Niger, Somalia, South Africa).
4. The main export crops of Tropical Africa are ... (wheat, millet, cotton, citrus fruits, peanuts, coffee, cocoa, natural rubber, sisal).
Can you:
1. Put the following countries mentioned in the text and on text maps on the contour map of the world from memory: Libya, Algeria, Sudan, Ghana, Congo, Angola, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Mozambique, Madagascar?
2. Show on the map the following cities mentioned in the text and on maps: Cairo, Kinshasa, Addis Ababa, Nairobi, Lagos, Dakar, Luanda, Johannesburg?
3. Explain the meaning of the following concepts and terms: monoculture, subsistence economy, apartheid?
4. Indicate which of the following countries are the main producers and exporters of cocoa: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, Angola?
Identify the countries to which the following statements apply:
1. A country located on an island with an area of 1,600 thousand km 2.
2. Countries located "inside" the territory of South Africa.
3. A country lying on the middle course of the Niger River and not having access to the seas.
4. Country whose capital is the city of Nairobi.
5. A country where 98% of the population is concentrated in a territory that occupies less than 4% of its total area.
1. The copper belt stretches from Zambia to the southeastern part of ... .
2. ... - the largest producer and exporter of oil in Africa, a member of OPEC.
3. South Africa produces... all of Africa's manufacturing products.
METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 8
What needs to be remembered
1. The political map and the peoples of Africa. (Geography, grade 7.) 2. Features of the physical and geographical position, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of Africa, natural zones within it. (Geography, grade 7.) 3. Ancient Egypt. (History, grade 5.) 4. The main content of the national liberation struggle of the peoples of Africa in the late XIX - early XX century. (History, grade 8.) 5. The material of part I of this textbook. 6. Concepts and terms: colony, bantustan, platform, desert, savannah, equatorial forest, kimberlite pipe, national park.
What you need to know
Topic Leading Ideas 8.
The transformation of the socio-economic structure of Africa requires great efforts on the part of both the African peoples and the entire world community.
Main scientific knowledge of topic 8:
1. Characteristic features of the economic and geographical position, geography of natural conditions and resources, population, industry, agriculture, environmental problems of Africa. 2. The concept of monoculture. 3. The image of the territory of North Africa. 4. The image of the territory of Tropical Africa. 5. Brief overview of South Africa. 6. Keywords of the theme: 1) colonial type of sectoral structure of the economy, 2) monoculture, 3) Arab city type.
What you need to know
1. Using a textbook and an atlas, independently obtain the necessary knowledge for characterization. 2. Carry out comparative characteristics of industries, regions and cities. 3. Prepare a summary of the report on a given topic.
Topic 9. NORTH AMERICA
BLOCK OF OBTAINING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
Exercise 1. Using the text of the textbook and maps of the atlas, describe the US EGP. Is it really beneficial? Why do you think so? Apply the standard plan for characterizing the country's (region's) EGP on p. 222.
Task 2 Using the text of the textbook and figures 83-86, describe the largest
(creative most urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas of the United States. Calculate the proportion of three
Additional Make a crossword "States and cities of the USA".
task (for pleasure).
Task 3. Using the data in the tables and figures of topic 5 and the tables of the "Appendices", make the necessary calculations, make a bar (bar) or pie chart in your notebook showing the share of the United States in world industrial and agricultural production for certain types of products. Analyze them.
Task 4. Using the text in your textbook and a map of US Mineral Resources in an atlas, prove that US Mineral Resources contribute to the development of a diversified industry. Illustrate the following phrase of the textbook: "The main wealth of the eastern part is fuel minerals, the western one is ore." Apply the standard plan for characterizing the natural prerequisites for the development of the country's (region's) industry on p. 222.
Add- Using data on reserves and production of coal, oil, natural gas, iron
body for- ore in the USA, calculate the availability of them (in years). Taking advantage given (us- data in the text of the textbook and in table 1, calculate the share of the United States in the world false). explored reserves of coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore. What conclusions can be drawn from this analysis?
Task 5. Using Figure 87, name the top five oil states in the United States. Determine in which of them oil production is also carried out on the continental shelf. Try to explain the configuration of the existing system of oil pipelines, the reasons for the construction of the Trans-Alaska oil pipeline, which was built in the 70s. From Figure 25, determine where the United States imports oil and petroleum products from. What explains this? Apply a typical plan for the characteristics of the industry of the country (region).
Task 6. Using Figure 88, compile in your notebook a concise and reference table "The main areas of the US steel industry" in the following form:
Task 7. According to Figure 28, determine from which countries the United States imports iron ore. What caused it?
Use the economic map of the United States and the world engineering map in the atlas to specify the characteristics of engineering contained in the text of the textbook. Determine by them the largest centers of this industry. Illustrate the textbook's position that the main engineering regions coincide with the US metropolitan areas.
Add- Using the same cards, make a summary and reference in your notebook
body for- table "Structure of mechanical engineering in the largest centers of this industry given (complicated). in the USA".
Task 8. Using the text, figure 89 and other drawings of the textbook, as well as the economic map of the United States in the atlas, compile a concise and reference table "US Industrial Belts" in the notebook in the following form:
Formulate and record conclusions.
Task 9. Using Figure 90, describe the location of US crop production. By overlaying Figure 90 and the US political division map in the atlas, determine: 1) the two main "wheat" states (one for spring, the other for winter wheat), 2) the main "corn" state.
Task 10. Using the plans of downtown New York and Washington in the atlas and
(creative additional sources of information, prepare a report on cultural
something!).-historical and architectural sights of one of these cities. As a "guide" take a short "tour" around the city.
Task 11. Based on the text and drawings of the textbook and maps of the atlas, give a brief
(creative a written description of one of the US macrodistricts (according to one's own
something!) choice).
Add- Imagine that you have taken "journeys" around the USA - along
body for- parallels 40° N sh. and along the meridian 100° W. e. Describe the routes.
giving (for pleasure). Use additional literature.
Task 12 Carefully review the text and figures of part I of the textbook and tables
(creative"Applications". Choose from them all related to Canada. Use
something!). Atlas maps for Canada. Based on these materials, complete the brief socio-economic description of this country given in the textbook. Apply the sample country profile plan on p. 329.
Task 13 1. (Work in a notebook.) Using the materials of topic 9, name the main
(final). typological features of the population and economy of the USA and Canada. Present them in the form of the following table:
| Countries | Play type Production Population | National New composition Population |
Zation | Level Development farms | Industry Structure farms | Territorial Naya structure farms |
| USA Canada |
Work with this table, make a generalization.
2. (Work on a contour map.) Put on the contour map of North America (optional): 1) the largest cities, 2) the main seaports, 3) transcontinental railways. You can expand this list at your own discretion.
3. Determine what types of thematic maps in the textbook and atlas you used when studying this topic. Which of them are new to you?
4. Based on the text of the textbook and figure 81, describe the Central Business District of an American city.
SELF-CONTROL AND MUTUAL CONTROL UNIT
Explain why:
1. The Northeast of the United States was called the "workshop of the nation."
2. A significant part of the heavy industry of the USA and Canada is concentrated in the Great Lakes region.
3. US aluminum smelters are located in the Tennessee and Columbia river valleys.
4. The specialization of agriculture in the US and Canada changes as you move from east to west.
5. Florida, California and Hawaii attract the most tourists.
6. In the United States and Canada, in recent decades, interest in the development of the regions of the North has increased.
What problems arise:
1. Due to the accelerated industrialization of the South and West of the USA?
2. Due to the fact that the US economy is becoming increasingly dependent on imports of oil, iron ore and other raw materials and fuels?
Do you agree with the following statements:
1. Megalopolis "Boswash" - the largest urban area in the US?
2. Recently, Alaska has become an important oil production area in the US?
3. Is farming dominant in the US and Canada?
4. Is the US transportation system of the same type as the transportation system of foreign Europe?
5. Does the St. Lawrence River connect the Great Lakes to New York?
6. Is Atlanta the largest airport in the world?
7. Is Canada's population 1/2 the size of the US?
Can you:
1. Find on the map the US cities mentioned in the main text of topic 9, and arrange them from east to west from memory?
2. Give examples of "dairy", "corn", "wheat", "orange", "pineapple", "apple", "cotton" US states?
3. Put on a contour map New England, the Far West, California?
4. Say which of the following indicators characterizes the share of the West in the area of the entire country (in%): 20, 36, 49, 64?
5. List the types of minerals for which Canada is a global producer and exporter?
Use the text of the textbook and maps to answer the questions:
1. Which parts of the US are most likely to employment people in: 1) oil production, 2) the aerospace industry, 3) raising broiler chickens?
2. Which transcontinental railroads can be used to cross the US and Canada in a latitudinal direction?
3. What natural, socio-economic and historical reasons contributed to the development of the US Northeast?
Imagine:
1. That you have visited one of the big cities in the USA or Canada. Describe it.
2. That you wanted to get to know the US industry. What cities do you need to visit to visit: 1) an aircraft factory, 2) a large electronics factory, 3) an automobile factory, 4) a petrochemical plant, 5) a steel mill?
3. That you had the opportunity to work at: 1) a cattle ranch, 2) a tobacco plantation, 3) a sawmill. Which states in the US or provinces in Canada would you need to go to?
Fill in the gaps in the following phrases:
1. The economic capital of the United States is considered to be ..., but it is increasingly competing with ... .
2. Most of the Midwest borders on... and..., the two main waterways of North America.
3. Among the important crops of the South of the USA is ....
4. In the Canadian province... most of the inhabitants speak French.
METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 9
What needs to be remembered
1. Political map and peoples of North America. (Geography, grade 7.) 2. Features of the physical and geographical position, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of North America. (Geography, grade 7.) 3. Features of the historical development of North America in the late XIX-first half of the XX century. (History, grades 8, 9.) 4. Materials of part I of this textbook. 5. Concepts and terms: reserve, farmer.
What you need to know
Topic 9 Leading Ideas:
1. As a result of the collapse of the world socialist system and the Soviet Union, the role of the United States in world politics and economics has increased. 2. New relations between Russia, other countries with economies in transition and the United States have become an important factor in international stability and have changed the entire world political situation for the better.
The main scientific knowledge of topic 9:
1. Characteristic features of the EGP, the geography of natural resources and the population of the United States. 2. General characteristics of the US economy. 3. The main features of the geography of industry, agriculture, transport, nature management in the United States, the main industrial and agricultural regions. 4. Macroregionalization of the USA and the appearance of each of the four macroregions. 5. Brief economic and geographical characteristics of Canada. 6. Keywords of the topic: 1) North American type of city, 2) “second economy”, 3) gross national product, 4) stage specialization, 5) North American type of transport network, 6) industrial belt, 7) agricultural belt, 8) focal type of land development.
What you need to know
1. Describe urban agglomerations and megalopolises. 2. Describe the industry of the country. 3. Give a brief economic and geographical description of the country. 4. Compile a written economic and geographical description.
Instructions and plans for mastering the skills of independent study
1. Plan for the characteristics of the industry of the country (region):
1. The importance of the industry and the size of its products. 2. Natural prerequisites for the development of the industry. 3. Structure of the industry. 4. The main factors influencing the location of the industry, and the main features of its geography; sectoral industrial areas. 5. Dependence of the industry on exports and imports. 6. General conclusion; prospects for the development of the industry.
2. Plan for the characteristics of an individual country:
1. The main features of the EGP. 2. Economic assessment of natural conditions and resources. 3. The main features of reproduction, structure and distribution of the population. 4. General characteristics of the economy. 5. The main features of the location of the industry. 6. The main features of the location of agriculture. 7. The main features of the geography of transport. 8. Main economic regions. 9. The role and geography of foreign economic relations. 10. General conclusion; development prospects.
3. Plan for the characteristics of the population of the country (region):
1. Number, type of population reproduction, demographic policy. 2. Age and sex composition of the population, availability of labor resources. 3. National (ethnic) composition of the population. 4. Social and class composition of the population. 5. The main features of the distribution of the population, the impact of migration on this distribution. 6. Levels, rates and forms of urbanization, main cities and urban agglomerations. 7. Rural resettlement. 8. General conclusion. Prospects for population growth and labor supply.
Theme 8. AFRICA
BJIOKGAINING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
Exercise 1. Using Table 1 in the Appendix, plot the African countries that gained political independence after World War II on a contour map. Indicate the dates of independence and compare in this respect the countries of North and Tropical Africa.
Add- Using the "business card" on the flyleaf of the textbook, select the appropriate
bodybehind- the existing "pairs" of countries in Africa and foreign Europe, approximately equal in
giving (for pleasure). by the size of the territory.
Task 2. Using the maps of the atlas and tables 3-5 of the "Appendices", classify the countries of Africa according to the degree of their wealth in minerals. Make a table in the following form:
Draw conclusions about the provision of these countries with raw materials and fuel for the development of heavy industry.
Add- Using the same sources, determine the main territorial combinations
body for- mineral. Describe the composition of fossils in each of them; given (us- try to connect it with the tectonic structure of the territory. Apply false). combinations of minerals on a contour map.
Task 3. Using figures 7, 8 and 9, tables 6, 7 and 8 in the "Appendices" and maps of the atlas, specify and complete the characteristics of land, water and agro-climatic resources of Africa contained in the text of the textbook.
Task 4. Using Table 3, quantify the "urban explosion" in Africa. What conclusions can be drawn from these calculations?
Add- Prepare a summary of the report on the topic: "Population of Africa." Use
body for- text and drawings of topics 3 and 8 of the textbook, maps of the atlas, tables of "Appendices", given (complicated). additional literature.
Task 5. Analyze figure 77. Using the economic map of Africa in the atlas, indicate specifically which ore, non-metallic minerals, food products and types of agricultural raw materials determine the monocultural specialization of each of the countries indicated in the graph.
Task 6. Based on the physical and economic maps of Africa in the atlas, determine: 1) the main areas of the mining industry in Africa and their specialization, 2) the main areas of commercial agriculture and their specialization, 3) trans-African transport routes. Also use the drawings of topic 5 of the textbook.
Add- Using the maps of the atlas, make a table in your notebook "Zonal special-
body for- zation of export and consumer crops in
Denmark(creative!) Africa" in the following form:
Draw all possible conclusions from the analysis of this table.
Task 7. Using the text of the textbook and the plan of Cairo in the atlas, prepare a message
(creative on the theme "Cairo - the Arab city of North Africa." Use also
something!). additional sources of information.
Add- Imagine that you have taken a journey down the Nile from Aswan to
body for- mouth. Describe your journey in a letter to a friend. try to do dacha (for so that a colorful image of this territory arises.
pleasure).
Task 8. What do you think should be done to prevent future
(creative!). a repeat of the "Sahel tragedy"? Give a rationale for your "project".
Add- In his novel Five Weeks in a Balloon, Jules Verne spoke of
body for- travel in Africa in a hot air balloon. "Repeat" the route of this dacha (for trips. In which countries are they located and what are they pleasure). areas of Africa described by the writer today?
Final 1. (Work in a notebook.) Compare the countries of North, Tropical Africa and
task 9. South Africa according to some indicators characterizing their population and economy. Determine the similarities and differences. Arrange the necessary data in the form of a table.
2. Compare the main extractive industries in North Africa and Southwest Asia. What conclusion can be drawn from this comparison?
3. Compare the main export crops of Tropical Africa and South Asia. What conclusion can be drawn from this comparison?
4. For class demonstration, prepare a small album called Geography of Africa on Postage Stamps.
Answer the questions:
1. Why is the shift of the population to the coasts of the oceans and seas in Africa less pronounced than in overseas Asia?
2. Why is the Congo River not used for the export of industrial products from the Copper Belt?
3. Why is Cairo called "the diamond button that fastens the delta"?
4. Why is Senegal called the "Peanut Republic"?
Are the following statements correct:^Sh
1. Most African countries achieved independence in the second half of the 20th century.
2. Africa is the region with the highest birth rate and the highest death rate in the world.
3. African countries are characterized by high rates of urbanization.
4. Nigeria's main mineral is bauxite.
Choose the correct answer:
2. The most important types of minerals in North Africa are ... (coal, iron ore, bauxite, oil, natural gas, phosphorites).
3. The least developed countries in Africa include ... (Algeria, Ethiopia, Chad, Niger, Somalia, South Africa).
4. The main export crops of Tropical Africa are ... (wheat, millet, cotton, citrus fruits, peanuts, coffee, cocoa, natural rubber, sisal).
Can you:
1. Put the following countries mentioned in the text and on text maps on the contour map of the world from memory: Libya, Algeria, Sudan, Ghana, Congo, Angola, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Mozambique, Madagascar?
2. Show on the map the following cities mentioned in the text and on maps: Cairo, Kinshasa, Addis Ababa, Nairobi, Lagos, Dakar, Luanda, Johannesburg?
3. Explain the meaning of the following concepts and terms: monoculture, subsistence economy, apartheid?
4. Indicate which of the following countries are the main producers and exporters of cocoa: Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, Angola?
Identify the countries to which the following statements apply:
1. A country located on an island with an area of 1,600 thousand km 2.
2. Countries located "inside" the territory of South Africa.
3. A country lying on the middle course of the Niger River and not having access to the seas.
4. Country whose capital is the city of Nairobi.
5. A country where 98% of the population is concentrated in a territory that occupies less than 4% of its total area.
Fill in the blanks in the followingphrases:
1. The copper belt stretches from Zambia to the southeastern part of ... .
2. ... - the largest producer and exporter of oil in Africa, a member of OPEC.
3. South Africa produces... all of Africa's manufacturing products.
METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 8
What needs to be remembered
1. The political map and the peoples of Africa. (Geography, grade 7.) 2. Features of the physical and geographical position, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of Africa, natural zones within it. (Geography, grade 7.) 3. Ancient Egypt. (History, grade 5.) 4. The main content of the national liberation struggle of the peoples of Africa in the late XIX - early XX century. (History, grade 8.) 5. The material of part I of this textbook. 6. Concepts and terms: colony, bantustan, platform, desert, savannah, equatorial forest, kimberlite pipe, national park.
What you need to know
Topic Leading Ideas 8.
The transformation of the socio-economic structure of Africa requires great efforts on the part of both the African peoples and the entire world community.
Main scientific knowledge of topic 8:
1. Characteristic features of the economic and geographical position, geography of natural conditions and resources, population, industry, agriculture, environmental problems of Africa. 2. The concept of monoculture. 3. The image of the territory of North Africa. 4. The image of the territory of Tropical Africa. 5. Brief overview of South Africa. 6. Keywords of the theme: 1) colonial type of sectoral structure of the economy, 2) monoculture, 3) Arab city type.
What you need to know
1. Using a textbook and an atlas, independently obtain the necessary knowledge for characterization. 2. Carry out comparative characteristics of industries, regions and cities. 3. Prepare a summary of the report on a given topic.
Topic 9. NORTH AMERICA
Exercise 1. Using the text of the textbook and maps of the atlas, describe the US EGP. Is it really beneficial? Why do you think so? Apply the standard plan for characterizing the country's (region's) EGP on p. 222.
Task 2 Using the text of the textbook and figures 83-86, describe the largest
(creative most urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas of the United States. Calculate the proportion of three
something!). megalopolises in the area and population of the country, compare the population density in megalopolises with the national average, draw conclusions. Choose from the text and figures of topic 3 those provisions and figures that are appropriate to use when characterizing urbanization in the United States.
Additional Make a crossword "States and cities of the USA".
task (for pleasure).
Task 3. Using the data in the tables and figures of topic 5 and the tables of the "Appendices", make the necessary calculations, make a bar (bar) or pie chart in your notebook showing the share of the United States in world industrial and agricultural production for certain types of products. Analyze them.
Task 4. Using the text from your textbook and a map of US mineral resources in an atlas, prove that US mineral resources contribute to the development of a diversified industry. Illustrate the following phrase of the textbook: "The main wealth of the eastern part is fuel minerals, the western one is ore." Apply the standard plan for characterizing the natural prerequisites for the development of the country's (region's) industry on p. 222.
Add- Using data on reserves and production of coal, oil, natural gas, iron
body for- ore in the USA, calculate the availability of them (in years). Taking advantage given (us- data in the text of the textbook and in table 1, calculate the share of the United States in the world false). explored reserves of coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore. What conclusions can be drawn from this analysis?
Task 5. Using Figure 87, name the top five oil states in the United States. Determine in which of them oil production is also carried out on the continental shelf. Try to explain the configuration of the existing system of oil pipelines, the reasons for the construction of the Trans-Alaska oil pipeline, which was built in the 70s. From Figure 25, determine where the United States imports oil and petroleum products from. What explains this? Apply a typical plan for the characteristics of the industry of the country (region).
Task 6. Using Figure 88, compile in your notebook a concise and reference table "The main areas of the US steel industry" in the following form:
Task 7. According to Figure 28, determine from which countries the United States imports iron ore. What caused it?
Use the economic map of the United States and the world engineering map in the atlas to specify the characteristics of engineering contained in the text of the textbook. Determine by them the largest centers of this industry. Illustrate the textbook's position that the main engineering regions coincide with the US metropolitan areas.
Add- Using the same cards, make a summary and reference in your notebook
body for- table "Structure of mechanical engineering in the largest centers of this industry given (complicated). in the USA".
Task 8. Using the text, figure 89 and other drawings of the textbook, as well as the economic map of the United States in the atlas, compile a concise and reference table "US Industrial Belts" in the notebook in the following form:
Formulate and record conclusions.
Task 9. Using Figure 90, describe the location of US crop production. By overlaying Figure 90 and the US political division map in the atlas, determine: 1) the two main "wheat" states (one for spring, the other for winter wheat), 2) the main "corn" state.
Task 10. Using the plans of downtown New York and Washington in the atlas and
(creative additional sources of information, prepare a report on cultural
something!).-historical and architectural sights of one of these cities. As a "guide" take a short "tour" around the city.
Task 11. Based on the text and drawings of the textbook and maps of the atlas, give a brief
(creative a written description of one of the US macrodistricts (according to one's own
something!) choice).
Add- Imagine that you have taken "journeys" around the USA - along
body for- parallels 40° N sh. and along the meridian 100° W. e. Describe the routes.
dacha (forpleasure). Use additional literature.
Task 12 Carefully review the text and figures of part I of the textbook and tables
(creative"Applications". Choose from them all related to Canada. Use
something!). Atlas maps for Canada. Based on these materials, complete the brief socio-economic description of this country given in the textbook. Apply the sample country profile plan on p. 329.
Task 13 1. (Work in a notebook.) Using the materials of topic 9, name the main
(final). typological features of the population and economy of the USA and Canada. Present them in the form of the following table:
Play type production population | National composition population | development farms | Industry structure farms | Territorial naya structure farms |
||
Work with this table, make a generalization.
2. (Work on a contour map.) Put on the contour map of North America (optional): 1) the largest cities, 2) the main seaports, 3) transcontinental railways. You can expand this list at your own discretion.
3. Determine what types of thematic maps in the textbook and atlas you used when studying this topic. Which of them are new to you?
4. Based on the text of the textbook and figure 81, describe the Central Business District of an American city.
SELF-CONTROL AND MUTUAL CONTROL UNIT
Explain why:
1. The Northeast of the United States was called the "workshop of the nation."
2. A significant part of the heavy industry of the USA and Canada is concentrated in the Great Lakes region.
3. US aluminum smelters are located in the Tennessee and Columbia river valleys.
4. The specialization of agriculture in the US and Canada changes as you move from east to west.
5. Florida, California and Hawaii attract the most tourists.
6. In the United States and Canada, in recent decades, interest in the development of the regions of the North has increased.
What problems arise:
1. Due to the accelerated industrialization of the South and West of the USA?
2. Due to the fact that the US economy is becoming increasingly dependent on imports of oil, iron ore and other raw materials and fuels?
Do you agree with the following statements:
1. Megalopolis "Boswash" - the largest urban area in the US?
2. Recently, Alaska has become an important oil production area in the US?
3. Is farming dominant in the US and Canada?
4. Is the US transportation system of the same type as the transportation system of foreign Europe?
5. Does the St. Lawrence River connect the Great Lakes to New York?
6. Is Atlanta the largest airport in the world?
7. Is Canada's population 1/2 the size of the US?
Can you:
1. Find on the map the US cities mentioned in the main text of topic 9, and arrange them from east to west from memory?
2. Give examples of "dairy", "corn", "wheat", "orange", "pineapple", "apple", "cotton" US states?
3. Put on a contour map New England, the Far West, California?
4. Say which of the following indicators characterizes the share of the West in the area of the entire country (in%): 20, 36, 49, 64?
5. List the types of minerals for which Canada is a global producer and exporter?
Use the text of the textbook and maps to answer the questions:
1. Which parts of the US are most likely to employment people in: 1) oil production, 2) the aerospace industry, 3) raising broiler chickens?
2. Which transcontinental railroads can be used to cross the US and Canada in a latitudinal direction?
3. What natural, socio-economic and historical reasons contributed to the development of the US Northeast?
Imagine:
1. That you have visited one of the big cities in the USA or Canada. Describe it.
2. That you wanted to get to know the US industry. What cities do you need to visit to visit: 1) an aircraft factory, 2) a large electronics factory, 3) an automobile factory, 4) a petrochemical plant, 5) a steel mill?
3. That you had the opportunity to work at: 1) a cattle ranch, 2) a tobacco plantation, 3) a sawmill. Which states in the US or provinces in Canada would you need to go to?
Fill in the gaps in the following phrases:
1. The economic capital of the United States is considered to be ..., but it is increasingly competing with ... .
2. Most of the Midwest borders on... and..., the two main waterways of North America.
3. Among the important crops of the South of the USA is ....
4. In the Canadian province... most of the inhabitants speak French.
METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 9
What needs to be remembered
1. Political map and peoples of North America. (Geography, grade 7.) 2. Features of the physical and geographical position, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of North America. (Geography, grade 7.) 3. Features of the historical development of North America in the late XIX-first half of the XX century. (History, grades 8, 9.) 4. Materials of part I of this textbook. 5. Concepts and terms: reserve, farmer.
What you need to know
Topic 9 Leading Ideas:
1. As a result of the collapse of the world socialist system and the Soviet Union, the role of the United States in world politics and economics has increased. 2. New relations between Russia, other countries with economies in transition and the United States have become an important factor in international stability and have changed the entire world political situation for the better.
The main scientific knowledge of topic 9:
1. Characteristic features of the EGP, the geography of natural resources and the population of the United States. 2. General characteristics of the US economy. 3. The main features of the geography of industry, agriculture, transport, nature management in the United States, the main industrial and agricultural regions. 4. Macroregionalization of the USA and the appearance of each of the four macroregions. 5. Brief economic and geographical characteristics of Canada. 6. Keywords of the topic: 1) North American type of city, 2) “second economy”, 3) gross national product, 4) stage specialization, 5) North American type of transport network, 6) industrial belt, 7) agricultural belt, 8) focal type of land development.
What you need to know
1. Describe urban agglomerations and megalopolises. 2. Describe the industry of the country. 3. Give a brief economic and geographical description of the country. 4. Compile a written economic and geographical description.
1. Plan for the characteristics of the industry of the country (region):
1. The importance of the industry and the size of its products. 2. Natural prerequisites for the development of the industry. 3. Structure of the industry. 4. The main factors influencing the location of the industry, and the main features of its geography; sectoral industrial areas. 5. Dependence of the industry on exports and imports. 6. General conclusion; prospects for the development of the industry.
2. Plan for the characteristics of an individual country:
1. The main features of the EGP. 2. Economic assessment of natural conditions and resources. 3. The main features of reproduction, structure and distribution of the population. 4. General characteristics of the economy. 5. The main features of the location of the industry. 6. The main features of the location of agriculture. 7. The main features of the geography of transport. 8. Main economic regions. 9. The role and geography of foreign economic relations. 10. General conclusion; development prospects.
Theme 10. LATIN AMERICA
BLOCK OF OBTAINING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
Exercise 1. According to the "visiting card" on the flyleaf of the textbook, determine the forms of government and the administrative-territorial structure of the countries of Latin America; make a table in your notebook. Compare these countries with the countries of foreign Asia and Africa and try to explain the differences.
Task 2. Using the map of the world's mineral resources and the economic map of Latin America in the atlas and tables 3, 4 and 5 in the "Appendices", characterize the composition of minerals in its individual subregions. Explain the similarities and differences.
Add- Determine the main territorial combinations of minerals
body for- Latin America and plot them on a contour map. What are the prerequisites Denmark(us- they create for the development of industry, for the development of new resource false). districts?
Task 3. Use figures 7-9 of the textbook, tables 6, 7 and 8 of the "Appendices" and maps of land, agro-climatic and water resources in the atlas to specify the characteristics of the region's renewable natural resources.
Task 4. Using figures 12-14 of the textbook and maps of fertility, mortality and natural increase in the population in the atlas, specify the provisions of the textbook related to population reproduction.
Task 5. According to the maps of the peoples of the world and religions in the atlas, specify the main features of the distribution of the people of Latin America by language families and groups, religions.
Add- The share of Indians in the total population of selected countries in Latin America
body for- is (in%): in Bolivia - 63, in Guatemala - 54, in Peru - 47, in
given (us- Ecuador - 40, Mexico - 15, Chile - 9, Panama - 6, Venezuela,
false). Colombia, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, Argentina - 2-4. Using this data, build a cartogram on the contour map of the region. Apply the instructions on p. 350.
Task 6. Using the map of world population density in the atlas, specify the main features of the settlement of the population of Latin America, noted in the textbook.
Task 7. Use figures 17, 18, tables 3 and 9 of the textbook and tables 16, 17 of the Appendix, as well as the urbanization map in the atlas, to specify the characteristics of the urbanization process in Latin America. Identify the most and least urbanized countries. Compare Latin America with foreign Asia Africa in terms of the level and pace of urbanization.
Task 8. Using the text of the textbook, the economic map of Latin America in the atlas, put on the contour map of the region the main countries specializing in the extraction and export: oil, iron ore, copper ore, bauxite, tin ores, sulfur, saltpeter. State the reasons for this specialization.
Task 9. Using the text of the textbook, the physical and economic maps of Latin America in the atlas, plot on contour map of the region the main countries specializing in the production of: coffee, cocoa beans, sugar bananas, wheat, corn, meat. State the reasons for this specialization.
Add- Try to answer the question: “What is loaded on ships in ports
body for- Latin America? Compete with your comrades, calling as you can
dacha (forpleasure). more export goods and ports of export.
Task 10. Consider Figure 22 of the textbook. Concrete it with an example of one of
(creative!). Latin American countries (optional).
Task 11. Using the text of the textbook and figure 97, as well as additional sources
(creative!). information, prepare a report on the topic "Development of the Amazon". Explain what problems this raises for Brazil, for Latin America, for the whole world.
Task 12. 1. Based on knowledge of geography and history, explain why Latin
(final). America in terms of socio-economic development is ahead of other regions of the developing world.
2. (Work in a notebook.) Using the text and drawings of the textbook, as well as maps from the atlas, establish similarities and differences between Mexico, Brazil and Argentina.
3. Using the text of the textbook and additional sources of information, give a brief comparative description of two (optional) from the following cities: Mexico City, Havana, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Brasilia, Buenos Aires.
4. Imagine that you are driving a car along the Pan-American Highway and keeping a diary entry. Give an example of such a record for one day (of your choice).
5. According to the text of the textbook and figure 98, describe the city of Brasilia.
SELF-CONTROL AND MUTUAL CONTROL UNIT
How would you explain:
What caused the emergence of the geographical term "Latin America"?
What explains the particularly large role of capital cities in Latin America?
How did the dependence on the world market affect the configuration of the region's transport network?
What was the purpose of the new capital of Brazil?
How do you understand:
The assertion that the geographical division of labor between the capital and peripheral cities of Latin America is based not on the principle of "city for country", but on the principle of "country for city"?
The expression: "Rio de Janeiro is a city where people enjoy life, and Sao Paulo is a city where they make a living"?
The expression: “If the price of coffee rises, so does Brazil”?
The expression of the famous Swedish writer A. Lundqvist, who compared Buenos Aires with a powerful spider, "which sits on the edge of the web that entangles the country"?
The expression: “Panama is first and foremost a canal”?
Can you:
Put on the contour map of the world from memory the following countries mentioned in the text and on text maps: Guatemala, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Colombia, Suriname, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay ?;
Show on the map the following cities mentioned in the text and on text maps: Mexico City, Havana, Caracas, Lima, Sao Paulo, Montevideo, Buenos Aires, Santiago?
Indicate in which of the following countries the official language is Spanish: Cuba. Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Chile?
Name one country in Latin America in whose exports an important role is played by: copper, bauxite, tin, oil, coffee, meat, wool, fish?
Check if right or wrongthe following statements, and if necessary, giverightanswer:
Argentina and Uruguay are the "whitest" countries in Latin America.
Mexico is the largest Hispanic country in the world.
Brazil is the largest Catholic country in the world.
Rio de Janeiro is the largest urban agglomeration in Latin America.
Venezuela is the only Latin American country that is part of OPEC.
Brazil and Colombia are the world's largest coffee producers.
Name the countries to whichthe following statements:
The only country in Central America that does not have access to the Caribbean.
The only country in the Andean sub-region that has no access to the sea.
A country where 4/5 of the population lives at an altitude above sea level.
A country where 17 times more people speak Portuguese than Portugal.
METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 10
What needs to be remembered
1. The political map and the peoples of Latin America. (Geography, grade 7.) 2. Features of the physical and geographical position, relief, minerals, climate, waters, soils and vegetation of Latin America. (Geography, grade 7.) 3. Features of the historical development of Latin America in the XIX century. (History, grade 8.) 4. Materials of part I of this textbook. 5. Concepts and terms: altitudinal zonality, equatorial forest, river flow, air masses, mestizos, mulattoes.
What needs to be learned
presentertheme idea10:
The countries of Latin America embarked on the path of restructuring the colonial sectoral and territorial structure of the economy and achieved certain successes.
Main scientific knowledge of topic 10:
1. Characteristic features of the EGP, geography of natural conditions and resources, population, sectoral and territorial structure of the economy, environmental problems of Latin America. 2. Economic and geographical characteristics of the country-subregion of Brazil. 3. Keywords of the theme: 1) Latin American city type, 2) "false urbanization", 3) latifundia, 4) colonial type of territorial structure of the economy.
What you need to know
1. Using the drawings of the textbook, as well as the maps of the atlas, independently specify the main provisions of the textbook. 2. Give a brief description of the cities. 3. Make a cartogram.
Instructions and plans for mastering the skills of independent study
How to make and analyze a cartogram.
1. Mark on the contour map the boundaries of those territories that are to be analyzed. 2. Analyze a statistical or other source of indicators for the cartogram, enter the necessary indicators. 3. Group these indicators according to certain intervals. 4. Create a cartogram legend in which darker tones or denser shading will reflect a greater intensity of the phenomenon, and vice versa. 5. Apply coloring or hatching to the contour map. 6. Analyze the cartogram, draw conclusions.
GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF HUMANITY
BLOCK OF OBTAINING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
Exercise 1. Using all the content of topic 2 and other topics of the textbook, write in your notebook
(creative scheme "Factors and forms of society's impact on the environment".
something!). Think about the extent to which the solution to the problem of environmental protection depends on every inhabitant of our planet, including you.
Task 2. Using all the content of topic 2 and other topics of the textbook, tables 11, 16, 17,
(creative 34 and 35 in "Appendices", draw an oral "demographic portrait"
something!). planet today and in the first quarter of the XXI century.
Exercise3 Using all the content of topic 1 and other topics of the tutorial, as well as
(creative periodicals, prepare a message (written
something!). abstract) on the topic "On the way to a nuclear-free and secure world".
Task 4 Using figure 99 and the content of topics 2 and 5, as well as other topics of the textbook,
(creative!) describe the geographical aspects of the global food problem. Prove that the lack of food in the world is due primarily not to natural, but to socio-economic causes. Name the sectors of the economy that are involved in solving the food problem.
Task 5 Using all the content of topics 2, 4 and 5, as well as the regional part of the course and
(creative atlas maps, formulate the geographical aspects of energy and
something!). raw material problems of mankind. What do you think are possible ways to solve them?
Task 6 Using the material of topics 2 and 3 of the textbook and the media,
(creative prepare a debate on the topic "Problems of human health and longevity."
something!).
Exercise7 Use the content of topics 1-5 to explain the concept of maritime
(creative economy. Draw a diagram of this concept in your notebook. Compare maps of the world
something!). offshore oil production and transportation and global marine fisheries and independently formulate the problem that arises in connection with the territorial coincidence of offshore oil production and fisheries. Suggest ways to solve it.
Task 8 Using the content of topic 11, draw up a diagram in your notebook “Relationship
(creative problems of overcoming the backwardness of developing countries with other
something!). global problems of mankind.
Exercise9 Analyze the physical maps of the world and regions and determine for which
(forudo- countries, a rise in the level of the World Ocean even by 1-1.5 m could have
will). catastrophic consequences as a result of flooding of the territory.
Exercise10 1. Make a graphic summary of topic 11.
(final). 2. (Work in a notebook.) Based on the acquired knowledge, make a concise and reference table "Characteristics of the global problems of mankind." Make a generalization based on the table.
SELF-CONTROL AND MUTUAL CONTROL UNIT
howyou think:
1. If you could invent a way to increase the recovery of oil reservoirs by 20%, would this be equivalent to opening an oil basin comparable in production to the West Siberian one?
2. What does the figurative expression mean that the fuel and raw materials resources of developing countries represent only a small “tip of the iceberg”? What needs to be done in order to use this whole "iceberg"?
3. What does the expression mean: “We did not inherit the Earth from our ancestors. We borrow it from our descendants”?
4. Why does the solution of global problems depend not only on states and governments, but also on the actions of all the inhabitants of the Earth, each individual person, including you personally?
METHODOLOGICAL KEYS TO TOPIC 11
What needs to be remembered
All material for topics 1-10 of the textbook.
What needs to be learned
Topic 11 Leading Ideas:
1. The modern era is the era of the growing interdependence of a contradictory, but more and more integral world. 2. The center and connecting link of the whole complex of global problems of our time is man and his future.
Main scientific knowledge of topic 11:
1. The concept of globalization and global problems of mankind. 2. Essence, causes and ways of solving each of these problems. 3. The concept of a sustainable development strategy. 4. Sustainable development and geography. 5. Keywords of the topic: 1) globalization, 2) "golden billion", 3) global problem, 4) ecological crisis, 5) crisis (critical) ecological region, 6) marine economy, 7) global forecast, 8) global scientific hypothesis, 9) global (world) project, 10) sustainable development.
With the included topic“Global ... militaristic ideas of the Western block. In the Soviet ... from in advance given properties by... form mining material... knowledge and skills which form the basis of worldview, general ...
General characteristics of the methodology of science
Document... block. “The first of them is formed by categories in which the most generalcharacteristics... thoughts on getting and explanation of facts. Together with topics there are methodologies ... for his life knowledge, skills, skills: knowledge- system of scientific...
Report number 9.
NORTH AMERICA.
1. Using the text of the textbook and the maps in the atlas, characterize the US EGP. Apply the standard plan for characterizing the country's (region's) EGP on p.222.
2. Using figure 87 of the textbook, write down the five main "oil" states of the United States.
3. Using the data from the tables and figures of topic 5 and the tables of the "Appendices", make the necessary calculations, make a bar (bar) or pie chart in your notebook showing the US share in world industrial and agricultural production for certain types of products. Analyze them.
4. Using figure 88 of the textbook, make a table "The main areas of the US iron and steel industry":
From Figure 28, determine from which countries the United States imports iron ore. What caused it?
5. Using the text, figure 89 and other textbook drawings, as well as the economic map of the United States in the atlas, make a table "US industrial belts":
6. By overlaying figure 90 in the textbook and the map of the administrative-territorial division of the United States in the atlas, determine:
A) two main "wheat" states;
B) the main "corn" state.
7. Using the materials of topic 9, determine the main typological features of the population and economy of the USA and Canada. Present them in the form of a table:
| Countries | Type of population reproduction | National composition of the population | Level of urbanization | The level of development of the economy | Sectoral structure of the economy | Territorial structure of the economy |
| USA | ||||||
| Canada |
8. Plot on a contour map of North America:
A) the largest cities;
B) Main seaports;
B) transcontinental railroads
9. List the industry groups and minerals for which Canada is a global producer and exporter.
10. Prepare messages (optional): "Statue of Liberty", "US Flag".
Report number 10.
LATIN AMERICA.
1. Using the "business card" on the flyleaf of the textbook, make a table "Countries of Latin America":
2. Using the text, figures 12-14 of the textbook and maps of fertility, mortality and natural increase in the population in the atlas, characterize the reproduction of the population of Latin America.
3. Using figures 17, 18, tables 3 and 9 of the textbook and tables 16, 17 of the "Appendices", as well as the map of urbanization in the atlas, determine the most and least urbanized countries in Latin America. Make a table "The level of urbanization of Latin American countries":
4. Using the text of the textbook and the economic map of Latin America in the atlas, plot the main countries specializing in production and export on the contour map of the region:
iron ore;
copper ore;
bauxite;
Tin ores;
Saltpeter.
5. Using the text of the textbook, the physical and economic maps of Latin America in the atlas, plot the main countries specializing in production on the contour map of the region:
cocoa beans;
bananas;
Wheat;
Corn;
meat.
6. Using text and drawings from the textbook, as well as maps from the atlas, identify similarities and differences between Mexico, Brazil and Argentina. Arrange the results in the form of a table:
Report number 11.
GLOBAL PROBLEMS OF HUMANITY.
1. Familiarize yourself with the content of topic 11 of the textbook. Write down concepts in your notebook "globalization", "global problems".
2. Make a plan-scheme for the classification of global problems of mankind (p. 352).
3. Based on the acquired knowledge, make a concise reference table "Characteristics of the global problems of mankind" in the following form:
| Global problem | The essence of the problem | Causes | Ways to solve the problem |
| 1. Peace and disarmament | |||
| 2. Environmental | |||
| 3. Demographic | |||
| 4. Energy and raw materials | |||
| 5. Peaceful space exploration | |||
| 6. Catching up with developing countries | |||
| 7. Use of the oceans | |||
| 8. Food |
4. Using the content of the textbook, periodicals and other sources of information, prepare a written abstract (message) on one of the topics:
"On the way to a nuclear-free and secure world".
Problems of human health and longevity.
"The cosmic threat is a threat to all mankind."
"Demographic situation in Russia".
"Energy and raw material problems: solutions".
"The problem of food is the problem of each of us."
1 For the convenience of finding the necessary information, the page numbers of the textbook are indicated in brackets. In the case of using textbooks published earlier than 2004, the page numbers indicated in brackets may not match.
2 In some tasks, several (more than one) options for the correct answer are allowed.
Target. To give an idea of the similarities and differences in the US and Canadian economies; the impact of US policy on neighboring regions.
The North America region usually includes only the United States and Canada. Within such limits, the region occupies an area of 19.4 million square kilometers with a population of 325 million people (2003). The countries have an exceptionally advantageous geographical position and the richest nature. The USA and Canada are included in the "big seven" of Western countries, together they form the most important center of the world economy.
Questions for the seminar
1. Explain why much of the heavy industry in the US and Canada is concentrated in the Great Lakes region?
2. Explain why the specialization of agriculture in the US and Canada changes as you move from east to west?
3. In which parts of the US are people most likely to be employed in oil production.
Practical work
1. Using the maps of the atlas, the text of the textbook, describe the economic and geographical position of the United States. Is it really beneficial? Why do you think so? Apply a typical plan for the characterization of a country's GWP.
2. Identify the largest US engineering centers
3. Describe the location of US crop production.
4. Using the materials of this topic, name the main typological features of the population and economy of the USA and Canada. Present them in the form of the following table:
Table 4
5. Make a crossword "US states and cities."
Test tasks on the topic
1. Which countries belong to North America in economic and social geography:
a) all countries that are members of the NAFTA organization;
b) all countries of the mainland North America;
c) Mexico and the USA;
USA and Canada.
2. With which of the following countries does the United States have a land border:
b) Brazil;
c) Mexico;
d) Russia.
3. The closest overseas neighbor of the United States:
a) Mexico;
b) Japan;
c) the Bahamas;
d) there is no correct answer.
4. Reason for importing minerals to the US:
a) to support the economy of other countries;
b) there are not enough minerals;
c) imports are cheaper than domestic production;
d) the mining industry is experiencing a shortage of workers.
5. Recreational resources are mostly represented by:
a) the ancient architecture of cities;
b) monuments of nature;
c) historical monuments;
d) there is no correct answer.
6. The proportion of African Americans in the US population is:
d) 36%.
7. In which of the American metropolitan areas is the US automotive industry concentrated:
a) Boswash;
b) Chips;
c) Sansan;
d) California.
8. The first settlements in North America were founded by:
a) Vikings
b) Europeans;
c) African Americans;
d) French.
9. Population of Canada posted:
a) in the northwest;
b) in the southeast;
c) in the northeast;
d) southwest.
10. The main direction of agriculture in Canada:
a) agriculture;
b) breeding of cattle;
c) sheep breeding;
d) reindeer herding.
Topic 2.5. Latin America
Target. To form an idea among students about the countries of Latin America, their features, the specifics of the economy of the region.
The Latin America region includes all countries south of the United States. It includes 46 countries and territories, a third of which are colonial possessions or countries in other forms of ownership from European countries. There are 33 sovereign states on the territory of the region, which are among the developing ones. The region occupies 21 million square kilometers with a population of 543 million people (2003). Latin America is distinguished by a relatively higher level of development, occupying, as it were, an intermediate position between developing countries and economically developed ones.
Questions for the seminar
1. What caused the emergence of the geographical term "Latin America"?
2. In which of the following countries is Spanish the official language: Cuba, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Chile?
3. Name one country in the Latin American region, in the export of which play an important role: copper, bauxite, tin, oil, coffee, meat, wool, fish?
Practical work
1. According to the "visiting card" on the flyleaf of the textbook, determine the forms of government and the administrative-territorial structure of the countries of Latin America. Compare these countries with the countries of foreign Asia and Africa and try to explain the differences.
2. Using the map of mineral resources of the world and the economic map of Latin America in the atlas, describe the composition of minerals in its individual subregions. Try to explain the similarities and differences.
3. Using the world population density map in the atlas, specify the main features of the settlement of the population of Latin America.
4. Using the text of the textbook, additional sources of information, prepare a message on the topic "Development of the Amazon." Explain what problems this raises for Brazil, for Latin America, for the whole world.
5. Using the text of the textbook and additional sources of information, give a brief comparative description of two (optional) from the following cities: Mexico City, Havana, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Brasilia, Buenos Aires.
Test tasks on the topic
1. From the states of Latin America have no access to the sea:
a) Uruguay;
b) Paraguay;
d) Guyana.
2. Main language of most Latin American countries:
what about English;
b) Latin;
c) Spanish;
d) Portuguese.
3. The most common religion in Latin American countries is:
a) Protestantism
b) Catholicism;
d) Judaism.
4. Which three countries are among the most economically developed countries in Latin America:
b) Uruguay;
c) Brazil;
d) Argentina;
e) Costa Rica;
e) Mexico;
g) Venezuela.
5. Define the country by its characteristic words: federation, Volkswagen, Itaipu, selva, coffee.
a) Colombia;
b) Brazil;
c) Paraguay;
d) Mexico;
e) Argentina.
6. The main wealth of Latin America:
c) precious metals;
e) copper ores.
7. Leading agriculture industry in Latin America:
a) crop production;
b) fishing;
c) sheep breeding;
d) cattle breeding.
8. The mode of transport plays a leading role in foreign economic relations:
a) railway;
b) marine;
c) automobile;
d) aviation.
9. The NAFTA integration group includes a Latin American country:
a) Argentina;
b) Brazil;
d) Mexico.
10. Which of the following countries are not sovereign:
a) Guyana
b) Guiana
c) Costa Rica
d) Puerto Rico
e) Guatemala
6 Questions for a differentiated test
1. Fuel and energy industry. Composition, importance in the economy, features of placement. The energy problem of mankind and ways to solve it. Problems of environmental protection.
2. World population and its changes. Natural population growth and factors influencing its change. Two types of population reproduction and their distribution in different countries.
3. The main forms of government and the state-territorial structure of the countries of the world.
4. International economic relations.
5. Nature management. Examples of rational and irrational nature management.
6. Urban and rural population of the world. Urbanization. Major cities and urban agglomerations. Problems and consequences of urbanization in the modern world.
7. Types of natural resources. Resource availability. Assessment of the resource endowment of the country.
8. The importance of transport in the world economy of the country, modes of transport and their features.
9. Modern political map of the world: variety of countries of the modern world, their main types.
10. Characteristics of the location of the economy of one of the countries of the world.
11. Forest resources of the world, their importance for the life and activities of mankind. Problems of rational use.
12. Determination of the type of reproduction of the country's population by the age-sex pyramid.
13. Forestry and woodworking industry: composition, placement. Geographic differences.
14. The national composition of the world's population. Its changes and geographical differences. The largest nations of the world.
15. Mechanical engineering is the leading branch of modern industry. Composition, features of placement. Countries distinguished by the level of development of mechanical engineering.
16. Metallurgical industry: composition, placement features. The main countries are producers and exporters. Metallurgy and the problem of environmental protection.
17. Age and sex composition of the world's population. Geographic differences. Gender pyramids.
18. Migration of the population and their causes. Influence of migrations on population changes, examples of internal and external migrations.
19. Light industry: composition, placement features. Problems of development prospects.
20. Placement of the population on the territory of the Earth. Factors affecting the distribution of the population. The most densely populated regions of the world.
21. Power industry: value, countries distinguished by absolute indicators and per capita indicators of electricity production.
22. "Population explosion". The problem of population size and its features in different countries. demographic policy.
23. Chemical industry: composition, value, placement features. Chemical industry and problems of environmental protection.
24. Environmental pollution and environmental problems of mankind. Types of pollution and their distribution. Ways to solve the environmental problems of mankind.
25. Agriculture. Composition, features of development in developed and developing countries. Agriculture and the environment.
26. Land water resources and their distribution on the planet. The problem of water supply and possible ways to solve it.
27. The composition and structure of the world economy, their changes in the era of scientific and technological revolution.
28. Land resources. Geographic differences in the provision of land resources. Problems of their rational use.
29. Geographic environment and its role in the life of mankind.
30. Scientific and technological revolution: characteristic features and components.
31. Economic and geographical position on the maps of the country (at the choice of the teacher).
32. resources of the World Ocean: water, mineral, energy and biological. Problems of rational use of resources of the world ocean.
33. Economic and geographical characteristics of the United States.
34. Economic and geographical characteristics of Japan.
35. Economic and geographical characteristics of one of the countries of Eastern Europe.
36. Economic and geographical characteristics of Latin America.
37. Economic and geographical characteristics of the PRC.
38. Economic and geographical characteristics of Africa.
39. Economic and geographical characteristics of Asia.
40. Economic and geographical characteristics of one of the African countries.
41. Economic and geographical characteristics of one of the countries of Latin America.
42. Economic and geographical characteristics of one of their Asian countries.
43. Economic and geographical characteristics of Australia.
44. Crop production.
45. Livestock.
7 Main literature
1. Maksakovskiy V.P. Economic and social geography of the world. 10 cells - M., Education, 2007-2009.
8 Further reading
1. Gladky Yu.N., Lavrov S.B. Global geography. 11th grade - M., 2007.
2. Kuznetsova A.P. Geography. Population and economy of the world. 10 cells - M., 2007.
3. Maksakovsky V.P. "Economic and social geography of the world". 10 cells - M., 2007
4. Maksakovsky V.P. New in the world. Figures and facts. Additional chapters to the textbook "Economic and social geography of the world". 10 cells - M., 2007
5. Petrova N.N. Geography of the world. Experimental study guide. IRPO. - M., 2008.
6. Petrova N.N. Geography. Modern world. Textbook for students of institutions of secondary vocational education. - M., 2008.
7. Petrova N.N. USE. Effective preparation. Geography in questions and answers. - M., 2007.
8. Domogatskikh E.M., Alekseevskiy N.I. Geography: Economic and social geography of the world: in 2 hours. Textbook for 10-11kl. - M., 2007.
9. Plisetsky E.L. commercial geography. Russia and the world market; part 1 and part 2. - M., 2007.
10. Lazarevich K.S., Lazarevich Yu.N. student's guide. Geography. 6-10 cells - M., 1997.
11. Big school encyclopedia. Volume 1. - M., 2007.
12. Electronic textbooks on geography.
9 Periodicals
Magazines:
"Geography at school"
"Nature"
"Science and life"
"Around the world"
"GEO"
Newspapers:
Methodical newspaper "Geography"
"First of September"
Internet resources.
