Take care of your honor from a young age.
CHAPTER I. SERGEANT OF THE GUARDS.
If he were a guard, he would be a captain tomorrow.
That is not necessary; let him serve in the army.
Well said! let him push it...
Who is his father?
Knyazhnin.
My father, Andrey Petrovich Grinev, served under Count Munnich in his youth, and retired as a prime minister in 1717. Since then, he lived in his Simbirsk village, where he married the girl Avdotya Vasilyevna Yu., the daughter of a poor local nobleman. We were nine children. All my brothers and sisters died in infancy.
My mother was still my belly, as I was already enlisted in the Semyonovsky regiment as a sergeant, by the grace of the major of the guard, Prince B., our close relative. If, more than any expectation, the mother had given birth to a daughter, then the father would have announced the death of the non-appearing sergeant, and the matter would have ended. I was considered on vacation until graduation. At that time, we were not brought up in the new way. From the age of five, I was given into the hands of the aspirant Savelich, who was granted me uncles for sober behavior. Under his supervision, in the twelfth year, I learned to read and write Russian and could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog. At this time, the priest hired a Frenchman for me, Monsieur Beaupre, who was discharged from Moscow along with a year's supply of wine and olive oil. Savelitch did not like his arrival much. “Thank God,” he grumbled to himself, “it seems that the child is washed, combed, fed. Where should one spend the extra money, and hire Monsieur, as if his own people were gone!”
Beaupré was a hairdresser in his own country, then a soldier in Prussia, then he came to Russia pour ètre outchitel, not really understanding the meaning of this word. He was a kind fellow, but windy and dissolute to the extreme. His main weakness was a passion for the fair sex; not infrequently for his tenderness he received shocks, from which he groaned for whole days. Moreover, he was not (as he put it) an enemy of the bottle, i.e. (speaking in Russian) he liked to sip too much. But since wine was only served with us at dinner, and then by a glass, and the teachers usually carried it around, then my Beaupré very soon got used to the Russian tincture, and even began to prefer it to the wines of his fatherland, as unlike more useful for the stomach. We immediately got along well, and although under the contract he was obliged to teach me in French, German and all sciences, he preferred to quickly learn from me how to chat in Russian - and then each of us went about his own business. We lived soul to soul. I didn't want another mentor. But soon fate separated us, and here's the occasion:
The washerwoman Palashka, a fat and pockmarked girl, and the crooked cowherd Akulka somehow agreed at one time to throw themselves at mother's feet, confessing their criminal weakness and complaining with tears about the monsieur who had seduced their inexperience. Mother did not like to joke about this, and complained to the father. His reprisal was short. He immediately demanded a French canal. It was reported that Monsieur was giving me his lesson. Father went to my room. At this time, Beaupré slept on the bed with the sleep of innocence. I was busy with business. You need to know that a geographical map was issued for me from Moscow. It hung on the wall without any use and had long tempted me with the breadth and goodness of the paper. I decided to make a snake out of her, and taking advantage of Beaupré's sleep, I set to work. Batiushka came in at the same time as I was fitting a wash tail to the Cape of Good Hope. Seeing my exercises in geography, the priest pulled my ear, then ran up to Beaupre, woke him very carelessly, and began to shower reproaches. Beaupré, in dismay, wanted to get up, but could not: the unfortunate Frenchman was dead drunk. Seven troubles, one answer. Father lifted him from the bed by the collar, pushed him out of the door, and on the same day drove him out of the yard, to Savelich's indescribable joy. That was the end of my upbringing.
I lived underage, chasing pigeons and playing chaharda with the yard boys. Meanwhile, I was sixteen years old. Here my fate changed.
Once in autumn, my mother was making honey jam in the living room, and I, licking my lips, looked at the seething foam. Father at the window read the Court Calendar, which he receives every year. This book always had a strong influence on him: he never reread it without special participation, and reading this always produced in him an amazing excitement of bile. Mother, who knew by heart all his habits and customs, always tried to shove the unfortunate book as far away as possible, and in this way the Court Calendar did not catch his eye sometimes for whole months. But when he accidentally found him, it happened for whole hours he did not let go of his hands. So the priest read the Court Calendar, occasionally shrugging his shoulders and repeating in an undertone: “Lieutenant General! .. He was a sergeant in my company! , and plunged into thoughtfulness, which did not bode well.
Suddenly he turned to his mother: “Avdotya Vasilievna, how old is Petrusha?”
Yes, the seventeenth year has gone, - answered mother. - Petrusha was born in the same year that Aunt Nastasya Garasimovna became crooked, and when else ...
“Good,” the father interrupted, “it’s time for him to serve. It’s enough for him to run around girls’ rooms and climb dovecotes.”
The thought of an imminent separation from me struck my mother so much that she dropped the spoon into the saucepan, and tears flowed down her face. On the contrary, it is difficult to describe my admiration. The thought of service merged in me with thoughts of freedom, of the pleasures of Petersburg life. I imagined myself as an officer of the guard, which in my opinion was the pinnacle of human well-being.
Tells about his biography. My father served under Count Minich, rose to the rank of major and retired. Mother was the daughter of a poor nobleman. 9 children were born in their family, but all of them died in infancy, except for Peter. Even before his birth, he was enlisted as a sergeant in the Semyonovsky regiment. From the age of five, he was brought up and taught to read and write by the aspirant Savelich, and when Peter was 12 years old, he was hired by a teacher - a Frenchman, Monsieur Beaupre, who was supposed to teach him different languages. In fact, Beaupre was a hairdresser, did not understand anything in the sciences and led an immoral lifestyle. He was eventually kicked out for drinking and corrupting girls.
When Peter turns 17, his father sends him to serve in Orenburg, and not in St. Petersburg, in the guard, as was previously planned. Savelich also went to look after him. Peter was very upset, because he wanted to be in the capital and lead a fun life.
In Simbirsk, Grinev meets captain Ivan Ivanovich Zurin, who teaches him to drink punch and play billiards. At the end of the game, it turns out that Petrusha lost 100 rubles to Zurin, a lot of money at that time. Peter cannot immediately repay the debt, since Savelich is in charge of everything, Zurin agrees to wait until the morning and they go to have dinner with Arinushka.
In the morning, Savelich does not want to return the money to Zurin, but Pyotr insists, and the debt is repaid. Savelich persuades Peter to continue on his way urgently.
Chapter 2 Leader
On the way, Peter barely begs Savelich's forgiveness for his behavior in the tavern. Suddenly a storm begins, and they go astray. They are rescued by a stranger who offers to take them to an inn. While they are driving, Peter has a dream: as if they had come back home. Peter is very afraid of his father's wrath, because he disobeyed and did not go to serve. Then his mother comes out and calls him to say goodbye to his sick father and receive his blessing. Peter comes to the bed and sees an unfamiliar man with a black beard. The mother asks him to approach the imprisoned father, but Peter refuses. Then the peasant jumps out of bed, with an ax in his hands, and begins to swing it in all directions. People were lying around in pools of blood and Peter could not escape. Terrified, he wakes up and sees that they have already arrived at the inn.
Savelyich looks at the host and the guide with suspicion for a very long time, they seem suspicious to him, and Peter is amused by this. In the morning they paid for the overnight stay, Peter gave the guide a hare coat and they drove on.
When they arrived in Orenburg, Peter immediately went to the general, and he sent him to serve in the Belgorod fortress to captain Mironov.
Chapter 3 Fortress
Mironov's wife, Vasilisa Egorovna, was in charge of everything in the fortress. She told Peter that people get into the service in this fortress for bad deeds. For example, Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin, whom Grinev met at dinner, got here for killing in a duel. Shvabrin shares his impressions of life in the fortress with Peter, talks about the commandant's family, and discusses the commandant's daughter, calling her a fool. But after meeting Masha, Grinev doubts his words.
Chapter 4 Combat
Grinev really liked the Mironov family. Masha turned out to be a prudent, sweet girl, but she did not have a dowry, and because of this she often felt sad.
Peter dedicates poetry to Masha, but Shvabrin makes fun of them, and offers to give her earrings instead of poetry, and then she will quickly come to him at night. This infuriated Grinev and he challenged Shvabrin to a duel. The next morning, as soon as they were about to fight with swords, Ivan Ignatievich appears with five invalids, and they are taken under escort to the commandant. In the evening, Masha tells Pyotr that Shvabrin wooed her and was refused, so he behaves like that. The next day the duel continued. Shvabrin turned out to be a poor swordsman, and Peter fought confidently, but Savelich appeared and distracted him, and he was wounded.
Chapter 5 Love
Peter lies wounded, he is glad that it happened, because Masha is taking care of him. Grinev realizes that he fell in love with Masha and proposes to her. He writes a letter home to get his father's blessing, in response he receives a categorical refusal. The father knows that Peter fought a duel, and warns Peter that if this happens again, he will be transferred to serve in another fortress. Although Grinev has already reconciled with Shvabrin, Peter thinks that it was he who informed his father about the duel.
Masha begins to avoid Peter, because she does not want to secretly marry, without the consent of her parents. Grinev does not know how to correct the situation and loses heart.
Chapter 6 Pugachevshchina
One evening, the commandant said that in a letter received from the general, they were ordered to prepare for the defense of the fortress. Don Cossack Emelyan Pugachev, who escaped from custody, captured several fortresses and is already approaching Belgorod.
Mironov decides to send his wife and daughter to Orenburg, but Vasilisa Yegorovna decides to stay in the fortress. Masha comes to say goodbye to Peter, they really did not want to leave. Masha did not have time to leave, the bandits surrounded the fortress.
Chapter 7 Seizure
At night, the Cossacks left the fortress and joined the gang. Ataman Pugachev attacked the fortress and the attack quickly ended, as there were many more attackers. Commandant Mironov and officers who did not want to go over to Pugachev's side were hanged. Pugachev's face seemed very familiar to Peter, but he could not remember where he had seen him. They put a noose around Grinev's neck, but Savelich threw himself at Emelyan's feet and promised that if Peter was released, then a good ransom would be paid for him. Pugachev agreed and Grinev was released. Then Vasilisa Yegorovna, undressed, was dragged out of the house and hacked to death.
Chapter 8 The Uninvited Guest
Shvabrin was on the side of the bandits, and knowing his attitude towards Masha, Peter was very afraid for her. She was hiding near the priest, but if Pugachev finds out about this, she will be immediately killed.
In the evening, Peter was taken to Pugachev, and Peter remembered where he had seen him. It turned out to be a tramp who showed them the way to the inn during a snowstorm. Pugachev remembered the kindness and gift that Petrusha had given him, and released Grinev, although he admitted that he would fight against him.
Chapter 9 Separation
In the morning, all the inhabitants of the fortress gathered near the commandant's house, waiting for Pugachev to come out onto the porch. He greeted everyone and began throwing copper money into the crowd. People rushed to pick them up, and Pugachev and his accomplices watched maliciously as they fought for coppers.
Pugachev ordered Grinev to go to Orenburg and tell the general that he would be with them in a week.
Savelich wanted Pugachev to return the money for the things looted by the bandits, Peter thought that the old man's last hour had come, but Emelyan drove off without saying a word to him.
Peter went to say goodbye to Masha, but she was sick. Because of her experiences, she developed a fever and she did not even recognize him.
Grinev and Savelich went on foot to Orenburg, but one bandit caught up with them and said that Pugachev was giving them a horse and a fur coat.
Pugachev himself went on new exploits, leaving Shvabrin as commandant.
Chapter 10 Siege of the City
As soon as Grinev arrived in Orenburg, he immediately went to Andrei Karpovich and told him about Pugachev and the events in the fortress. Peter began to ask the general to recapture the Belgorod fortress, but everyone believed that it was better to defend against bandits than to go on the offensive.
Pugachev attacked a week later, as promised, after which hunger and need began in the city.
Peter received a letter from Masha, in which she said that Shvabrin had put her under arrest and was forcing her to marry him. Grinev again began to ask the general to save the commandant's daughter, and was again refused.
Chapter 11 Rebel Settlement
Grinev and Savelich went alone to the Belgorod fortress to save Masha. On the way they were seized by Pugachev's people and taken to him for interrogation. Peter told Emelyan that Shvabrin was mocking the orphan and that he was going to save her. Everyone offers to hang both Peter and Shvabrin, but Pugachev still remembers the good and forgives Grinev. Together they go to the fortress, on the way they talk confidentially about life.
Chapter 12 Orphan
In the fortress, Pugachev learns that Shvabrin is keeping Masha locked up and starving. He orders her to be released and wants to immediately marry them to Grinev. Shvabrin furiously tells that Masha is the daughter of the hanged commandant. Pugachev lives by the principle: if he pardoned once, then he must be pardoned again. He forgives Masha and lets them go with Peter. On the way, he gives them his pass to go through all the outposts.
Chapter 13 Arrest
Pyotr, Masha and Savelich go home. On the way, they meet an army convoy and arrest them, mistaking them for Pugachev's people. Zurin turns out to be the head of the convoy, who understands everything and persuades Peter to stay and continue the battle. Masha and Savelich go further to the estate, and Peter, together with the officers, begins to pursue Pugachev. Soon he was caught and the war ended.
Suddenly, Peter is arrested and sent under escort to Kazan.
Chapter 14 Judgment
It turned out that Shvabrin slandered Grinev, saying that Peter served with Pugachev. The Empress sentenced him to life exile in Siberia.
Masha goes to St. Petersburg, wanting to help her fiancé. One day, in the garden, she meets the Empress and tells her about Peter, not knowing who her interlocutor is. Catherine II releases Grinev and praises Masha for her mind and good heart.
Grinev came to the execution of Pugachev. Yemelyan recognized him in the crowd and nodded his head like an old acquaintance.
SERGEANT OF THE GUARD
“My father, Andrey Petrovich Grinev, served under Count Munnich in his youth and retired as prime minister in 17 ... Since then, he lived in his Simbirsk village, where he married the girl Avdotya Vasilievna Yu., the daughter of a poor local nobleman. We were nine children. All my brothers and sisters died in infancy.
My mother was still my belly, as I was already enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant, by the grace of the major of the guard, Prince B., our close relative.
Then the boy was hired by a French teacher named Beaupre. He liked to drink, was “windy and dissolute to the extreme. His main weakness was his passion for the fair sex. But soon they had to part.
The laundress Palashka complained that Monsieur had seduced her. Andrei Petrovich Grinev immediately kicked him out. “That was the end of my upbringing. I lived underage, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys. Meanwhile, I was sixteen years old. Here my fate changed.
Father decided to send Petrusha to the service. The boy was very happy. He imagined himself as an officer of the guard living in Petersburg. But Petrusha was sent to Andrei Karlovich R., an old friend of his father, in Orenburg. Savelich went with him.
In Simbirsk, in a tavern, Peter met Ivan Ivanovich Zurin, a captain of a hussar regiment. He convinced the boy that the soldier must definitely learn how to play billiards, learn how to drink punch. Which is what they both did. At the end of the game, Zurin announced to Peter that he had lost a hundred rubles. But Savelich had the money. Ivan Ivanovich agreed to wait and invited Petrusha to go to Arinushka for the time being.
We dined at Arinushka's. Peter got pretty drunk, then both returned to the tavern. And Zurin only repeated that you need to get used to the service. In the morning, Savelich reproached his master for starting to walk too early. And then there's the debt of a hundred rubles ...
Savelich looked at me with deep sorrow and went to collect my duty. I felt sorry for the poor old man; but I wanted to break free and prove that I was no longer a child. The money was delivered to Zurin."
COUNSELOR
Only on the road did Peter manage to reconcile with Savelich.
And then a storm overtook the travelers. Peter saw some kind of black dot, the coachman drove the horses to it. It was a road man. He invited everyone to go to the inn, which was not far away. Slowly the wagon began to advance through the high snow. While we were driving, Petrusha had a dream that he could never forget. “It seemed to me that the storm was still raging, and we were still wandering through the snowy desert ...
Suddenly I saw a gate and drove into the manor yard of our estate. My first thought was the fear that the priest would not be angry with me for my involuntary return to my parents' roof and would not consider it a deliberate disobedience. With anxiety, I jumped out of the wagon and saw: mother meets me on the porch with an air of deep chagrin. Hush, she says to me, father is ill at death and wants to say goodbye to you. Stricken with fear, I follow her into the bedroom. I see the room is dimly lit; people with sad faces are standing by the bed. I quietly approach the bed; Mother raises the curtain and says: “Andrei Petrovich, Petrusha has arrived; he returned when he learned about your illness; bless him." I knelt down and fixed my eyes on the patient. Well? ... Instead of my father, I see a man with a black beard lying in bed, looking at me cheerfully. I turned to my mother in bewilderment, saying to her: “What does this mean? This is not a dad. And why should I ask a peasant for a blessing? “It doesn’t matter, Petrusha,” my mother answered me, “this is your planted father; kiss his hand and let him bless you ... ”I did not agree. Then the peasant jumped out of bed, grabbed the ax from behind his back and began to swing in all directions. I wanted to run... and I couldn't; the room filled with dead bodies; I stumbled over bodies and slid in bloody puddles... A terrible peasant called me affectionately, saying: "Don't be afraid, come under my blessing..." Horror and bewilderment seized me... And at that moment I woke up; the horses were standing; Savelich pulled my hand, saying: "Come out, sir; you've arrived."
“The owner, a Yaik Cossack by birth, seemed to be a man of about sixty, still fresh and vigorous. The escort "was about forty years old, medium height, thin and broad-shouldered ... His face had a rather pleasant, but picaresque expression." He has been to these parts many times. The escort and the host spoke in thieves' jargon about the affairs of the Yaitsky army, which at that time had just been pacified after the 1772 riot. Savelich looked at his interlocutors with suspicion. The inn was very much like a robber tributary. Petrusha was only amused.
In the morning the storm subsided. Harnessed the horses, paid the owner. And the escort Peter granted his hare sheepskin coat. The tramp was extremely pleased with the gift.
Arriving in Orenburg, we went straight to the general. Tomorrow was scheduled to move to the Belogorsk fortress to captain Mironov, a kind and honest man.
FORTRESS
The fortress was a village surrounded by a log fence. From the old captain, Peter learned that officers were transferred here for indecent acts. For example, Aleksey Ivanych Shvabrin was transferred for murder. “God knows what sin beguiled him; he, if you please, went out of town with one lieutenant, and they took swords with them, and, well, they stab each other; and Alexey Ivanovich stabbed the lieutenant to death, and even with two witnesses! What are you supposed to do? There is no master for sin."
The sergeant entered, a young and stately Cossack. Vasilisa Yegorovna asked Maksimych to take the officer a cleaner apartment.
Pyotr Andreevich was taken to Semyon Kuzov. The hut stood on the high bank of the river, on the very edge of the fortress. Half of the hut was occupied by the family of Semyon Kuzov, the other was taken to Peter.
In the morning Shvabrin came to Petrusha. We met. The officer told Peter about life in the fortress. The commandant invited both to dinner. He turned out to be a vigorous, tall old man. A girl of about eighteen entered the room, round-faced, ruddy, with light blond hair, combed smoothly behind her ears, which were on fire in her. At first glance, I didn't like her very much. I looked at her with prejudice: Shvabrin described Masha, the captain's daughter, to me as a complete fool. At dinner they talked about how many souls Father Peter has; that the captain's daughter Masha has only a dowry, that “a frequent comb, and a broom, and an altyn of money ... Well, if there is a kind person; otherwise sit yourself in the girls as an eternal bride.
Marya Ivanovna blushed all over at this conversation, and even tears dripped onto her plate. Peter felt sorry for her, he hastened to change the conversation.
DUEL
Several weeks passed, and Peter got used to life in the Belogorsk fortress. In the commandant's house he was accepted as a native. In Marya Ivanovna, the officer found a prudent and sensitive girl.
Shvabrin had several French books. Peter began to read, and a desire for literature awakened in him.
“Calm reigned around our fortress. But the peace was interrupted by a sudden civil strife."
Peter wrote a song and took it to Shvabrin, who alone in the whole fortress could appreciate such a work.
Destroying the thought of love, I try to forget the beautiful, And oh, avoiding Masha, I think to get the freedom! But the eyes that captivated me are always in front of me; They confused the spirit in me, crushed my peace. You, having learned my misfortunes, Have pity, Masha, on me, In vain I am in this fierce part, And that I am captivated by you.
Shvabrin resolutely announced that the song was not good, because it resembled "love couplets". And in the image of Masha Shvabrin saw the captain's daughter.
Then Shvabrin said: "... if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of gentle rhymes, give her a pair of earrings." This phrase completely infuriated Peter. A duel was agreed. But Ivan Ignatich began to dissuade the young officer.
“I spent the evening, as usual, with the commandant. I tried to appear cheerful and indifferent, so as not to arouse any suspicion and avoid annoying questions; but I confess that I did not have that composure, which is almost always boasted by those who were in my position. That evening I was disposed towards tenderness and tenderness. I liked Marya Ivanovna more than usual. The thought that perhaps I was seeing her for the last time gave her something touching in my eyes.
With Shvabrin, they agreed to fight for stacks on "the next day at seven in the morning.
“We took off our uniforms, remained in the same camisoles and drew swords. At that moment, Ivan Ignatitch suddenly appeared from behind a stack and about five invalids.
He demanded us to the commandant. We obeyed with vexation; the soldiers surrounded us, and we went to the fortress after Ivan Igna-tich, who led us in triumph, walking with amazing importance.
Ivan Kuzmich scolded ardent opponents. When they were left alone, Pyotr Andreevich told Shvabrin that the matter would not end there.
“Go back to the commandant, I, as usual, sat down with Marya Ivanovna. Ivan Kuzmich was not at home; Vasilisa Egorovna was busy with housework. We spoke in undertones. Marya Ivanovna tenderly reprimanded me for the anxiety caused by my whole quarrel with Shvabrin.
Marya Ivanovna admitted that she liked Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, because he wooed her. Then Peter realized that Shvabrin noticed their mutual sympathy and tried to distract from each other. The very next day Alexei Ivanovich came to Peter.
We went to the river, began to fight with swords. But then Savelich's voice was heard, Pyotr turned around ... “At that very moment, I was strongly pricked in the chest below the right shoulder; I fell and fainted."
LOVE
“When I woke up, for some time I could not come to my senses and did not understand what had happened to me. I was lying on the bed, in an unfamiliar room, and felt very weak. Before me stood Savelitch with a candle in his hands. Someone carefully developed the bandages with which my chest and shoulder were pulled together.
It turned out that Peter lay unconscious for five days. Marya Ivanovna leaned over to the duelist. “I grabbed her hand and clung to it, pouring tears of emotion. Masha did not tear it off ... and suddenly her lips touched my cheek, and I felt their hot and fresh kiss.
Peter asks Masha to become his wife. “Marya Ivanovna never left my side. Of course, at the first opportunity, I set to work on the interrupted explanation, and Marya Ivanovna listened to me more patiently. She, without any pretense, confessed to me her heartfelt inclination and said that her parents would certainly be glad of her happiness. But what will his parents say? Peter wrote a letter to his father.
The officer made peace with Shvabrin in the first days of his recovery. Ivan Kuzmich did not punish Pyotr Andreevich. And Aleksey Ivanych was put under guard in a bakery shop, "until repentance."
Finally, Peter received an answer from the priest. He was not going to give his son either his blessing or his consent. In addition, the father was going to ask for the transfer of Peter from the Belogorsk fortress somewhere far away.
But Pyotr Andreevich did not write anything about the duel in his letter! Peter's suspicions settled on Shvabrin.
The officer went to Masha. He asked her to marry without the consent of his parents, but she refused.
“Since then, my position has changed. Marya Ivanovna scarcely spoke to me and tried her best to avoid me. The commandant's house became a shame for me. Little by little I learned to sit alone at home. Vasilisa Yegorovna at first reproached me for this; but seeing my stubbornness, she left me alone. I saw Ivan Kuzmich only when the service demanded it. I met Shvabrin rarely and reluctantly, all the more so as I noticed in him a hidden dislike for myself, which confirmed me in my suspicions. My life has become unbearable to me.”
PUGACHEVSHINA
Orenburg province at the end of 1773 was inhabited by many semi-savage peoples who had recently recognized the dominion of Russian sovereigns. “Their minute-by-minute indignations, unaccustomed to laws and civil life, frivolity and cruelty demanded constant supervision from the government to keep them in obedience. The fortresses were built in places deemed convenient, mostly inhabited by Cossacks, long-standing owners of the Yaitsky shores. But the Yaik Cossacks, who were supposed to protect the peace and security of this region, for some time were themselves restless and dangerous subjects for the government.
In 1772 there was a riot in their main town. The reason for this was the strict measures taken by Major General Traubenberg in order to bring the army into due obedience. The result was the barbarous murder of Traubenberg, a willful change in management, and finally the pacification of the rebellion with buckshot and cruel punishments.
One evening, in early October 1773, Peter was summoned to the commandant. Shvabrin, Ivan Ignatich and a Cossack constable were already there. The commandant read a letter from the general, in which it was reported that the Don Cossack and schismatic Emelyan Pugachev had escaped from under guard, “gathered a villainous gang, caused an uproar in the Yaik villages and had already taken and ruined” several fortresses, carrying out robberies and mortal murders everywhere. It was ordered to take appropriate measures to repulse the aforementioned villain and impostor, and if possible, to completely destroy him if he turns to the fortress entrusted to your care.
It was decided to establish guards and night patrols.
Vasilisa Yegorovna was not in the know. She decided to find out everything from Ivan Ignatich. He spoke up. Soon everyone was talking about Pugachev.
“The commandant sent a constable with an order to scout thoroughly about everything in the neighboring villages and fortresses. The constable returned two days later and announced that in the steppe sixty versts from the fortress he saw a lot of lights and heard from the Bashkirs that an unknown force was coming. However, he could not say anything positive, because he was afraid to go further.
Yulai, a baptized Kalmyk, told the commandant that the sergeant’s testimony was false: “on his return, the crafty Cossack announced to his comrades that he was with the rebels, introduced himself to their leader himself, who allowed him to his hand and talked with him for a long time. The commandant immediately put the constable under guard, and appointed Yulai in his place. The constable fled from under guard with the help of his like-minded people.
It became known that Pugachev was going to immediately go to the fortress, inviting Cossacks and soldiers to his gang. It was heard that the villain had already taken possession of many fortresses.
It was decided to send Masha to Orenburg to her godmother.
ATTACK
At night, the Cossacks came out. fortresses, forcibly taking Yulai with him. Unknown people were driving around the fortress. Marya Ivanovna did not have time to leave: the road to Orenburg was cut off; the fortress is surrounded.
Everyone went to the shaft. Masha also came - it's worse at home alone. “…She looked at me and smiled with an effort. I involuntarily clutched the hilt of my sword, remembering that the day before I had received it from her hands, as if in defense of my dear. My heart was on fire. I imagined myself to be her knight. I was eager to prove that I was worthy of her power of attorney, and I began to look forward to the decisive moment.
Here Pugachev's gang began to approach. “One of them held a sheet of paper under his cap; the other had Yulai's head stuck on a spear, which, shaking it off, he threw over the palisade to us. The poor Kalmyk's head fell at the commandant's feet.
Ivan Kuzmich said goodbye to his wife and daughter and blessed them. The commandant's wife and Masha left.
The fortress was surrendered. “Pugachev was sitting in armchairs on the porch of the commandant's house. He was wearing a red Cossack caftan trimmed with galloons. A tall sable cap with gold tassels was pulled down over his sparkling eyes. His face looked familiar to me. Cossack foremen surrounded him.
Father Gerasim, pale and trembling, stood at the porch, with a cross in his hands, and seemed to silently beg him for the upcoming sacrifices. A gallows was hastily erected on the square. When we approached, the Bashkirs dispersed the people and introduced us to Pugachev.
Ivan Kuzmich, Ivan Ignatich was ordered to be hanged. Shvabrin was already among the rebellious foremen. His head was cut in a circle, and a Cossack caftan flaunted on his body. He went up to Pugachev and said a few words in his ear.
Pugachev, without even looking at Peter, ordered him to be hanged. The executioners dragged him to the gallows, but suddenly stopped. Savelich threw himself at Pugachev's feet and began to ask for pardon for the pupil, promising a ransom. Pyotr Andreevich was released.
The people began to take the oath. And then there was a woman's scream. Several robbers dragged Vasilisa Yegorovna onto the porch, disheveled and stripped naked. One of them had already dressed up in her shower jacket. Others plundered the apartment. In the end, the unfortunate old woman was killed.
UNINVITED GUEST
Most of all, Peter was tormented by the uncertainty about the fate of Marya Ivanovna. Palashka said that Marya Ivanovna was hidden at the priest's place Akulina Pamfilovna. But Pugachev went there to dine!
Peter rushed to the priest's house. From the priest, he learned that Pugachev had already gone to look at the "niece", but did nothing to her. Pyotr Aed-reich went home. Savelich remembered why the face of the "murderer" seemed familiar to him. It was the same “drunkard who lured your sheepskin coat out of you at the inn! The rabbit sheepskin coat is brand new; and he, the beast, ripped it open, putting it on himself!
Peter was amazed. “I couldn’t help but marvel at the strange combination of circumstances: a children’s sheepskin coat, presented to a tramp, saved me from the noose, and a drunkard, staggering around inns, besieged fortresses and shook the state!”
“Duty required me to appear where my service could still be useful to the fatherland in real, difficult circumstances ... But love strongly advised me to stay with Marya Ivanovna and be her protector and patron. Although I foresaw a quick and undoubted change in circumstances, yet I could not help but tremble, imagining the danger of her position.
And then one of the Cossacks came with an announcement, "that the great sovereign demands you to him." He was at the commandant's house.
“An unusual picture presented itself to me: at a table covered with a tablecloth and set with bottles and glasses, Pugachev and about ten Cossack foremen were sitting, in hats and colored shirts, heated by wine, with red mugs and sparkling eyes. Between them there was neither Shvabrin nor our sergeant, newly-married traitors. “Ah, your honor! - said Pugachev, seeing me. - Welcome; honor and place, you are welcome. The interlocutors hesitated. I silently sat down on the edge of the table.”
Peter did not touch the poured wine. The conversation turned to the fact that now the gang needs to go to Orenburg. The campaign was announced for tomorrow.
Pugachev was left alone with Peter. The ataman declared that “he would not grant his acquaintance so much” if he began to serve him.
“I answered Pugachev: “Listen; I'll tell you the whole truth. Consider, can I recognize you as a sovereign? You are a smart man: you yourself would see that I am deceitful.
"Who am I, according to you?" - “God knows you; but whoever you are, you are playing a dangerous joke.” Pugachev glanced at me quickly. “So you don’t believe,” he said, “that I was Tsar Pyotr Fedorovich? Well, good. Is there no luck to the remote? Didn't Grishka Otrepiev reign in the old days? Think what you want about me, but don't leave me behind. What do you care about anything else? Whoever is a pop is a dad. Serve me faithfully, and I will grant you both field marshals and princes. How do you think?"
"No," I answered firmly. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you. If you really wish me well, then let me go to Orenburg.
Pugachev was struck by the courage and sincerity of Peter. Ataman released him on all four sides.
PARTING
“Early in the morning the drum woke me up. I went to the gathering place. Pugachev's crowds were already lining up there near the gallows, where yesterday's victims were still hanging. The Cossacks stood on horseback, the soldiers under arms. The banners fluttered. Several cannons, between which I recognized ours, were placed on marching carriages. All the inhabitants were right there, waiting for the impostor. At the porch of the commandant's house, a Cossack was holding by the bridle a beautiful white horse of the Kirghiz breed. I looked for the commandant's body with my eyes. It was carried a little aside and covered with matting. At last Pugachev came out of the entryway. The people took off their hats. Pugachev stopped on the porch and greeted everyone. One of the foremen handed him a bag of copper money, and he began to throw handfuls of them. The people screaming rushed to pick them up, and the matter was not without injury.
Pugachev was surrounded by the main of his accomplices. Between them stood Shvabrin.
Our eyes met; in mine he could read contempt, and he turned away with an expression of sincere malice and feigned mockery. Pugachev, seeing me in the crowd, nodded his head at me and called me to him.
The ataman advised Peter to immediately go to Orenburg and announce from him to the governor and all the generals that Pugachev was expected to come to him in a week. "Attach" them to meet me with childish love and obedience; otherwise, they cannot avoid a fierce execution.
Pugachev appointed Shvabrin as the new commander. “I heard these words with horror: Shvabrin became the head of the fortress; Marya Ivanovna remained in his power! God, what will happen to her!
And then Savelich handed Pugachev a paper. There were listed all the things stolen by the robbers. Savelich wanted Pugachev to return the money for all this! Pyotr Andreich was frightened for the poor old man.
But “Pugachev was apparently in a fit of generosity. He turned away and rode off without another word. Shvabrin and the foremen followed him.
Peter hurried to the priest's house to see Marya Ivanovna. She developed a severe fever during the night. She lay unconscious and delirious. The patient did not recognize her lover.
“Shvabrin most of all tormented my imagination. Clothed with power from an impostor, leading in the fortress, where the unfortunate girl remained - the innocent object of his hatred, he could decide on anything. What was I to do? How can I help her? How to free from the hands of the villain? There was only one way left: I decided to go to Orenburg at the same time in order to hasten the liberation of the Belogorsk fortress, and, if possible, to contribute to this. I said goodbye to the priest and to Akulina Pamfilovna, with fervor entrusting to her the one whom I already revered as my wife.
SIEGE OF THE CITY
“Approaching Orenburg, we saw a crowd of convicts with shaved heads, with faces disfigured by the executioner's tongs. They worked near the fortifications, under the supervision of garrison invalids. Others took out in carts the rubbish that filled the ditch; others dug the earth with spades; on the rampart, masons were carrying bricks and repairing the city wall.
At the gate sentries stopped us and demanded our passports. As soon as the sergeant heard that I was coming from the Belogorsk fortress, he took me straight to the general's house.
Peter told the general everything. Most of all, the old man was worried about the captain's daughter.
A council of war was appointed for the evening. “I got up and, after briefly describing Pugachev and his gang, I said in the affirmative that there was no way for an impostor to resist the right weapon.”
But no one agreed to the offensive movements. It was decided to reflect the siege. Long days of hunger dragged on.
Peter accidentally met a constable who handed him a letter. From it, the officer learned that Shvabrin forced Father Gerasim to hand over Masha to him, “by intimidating Pugachev.” Now she lives in her father's house under guard. Alexey Ivanovich forces her to marry him.
“Father Pyotr Andreevich! you are my only patron; intercede for me poor. Beg the general and all the commanders to send us a sikursu as soon as possible and come yourself if you can. I remain you obedient poor orphan
Maria Mironova.
Peter rushed to the general, began to ask for a company of soldiers to clear the Belogorsk fortress. But the old man refused.
REBELLENT SLOBODA
Peter decided to go to the fortress. Savelich went with him. On the way, the old man was seized by robbers. Again the travelers were in the hands of Pugachev.
“A strange thought occurred to me: it seemed to me that Providence, which had brought me to Pugachev a second time, was giving me an opportunity to put my intention into action.”
Pyotr Andreevich said that he wanted to free the orphan who was being abused in the Belogorsk fortress. Pugachev's eyes sparkled, he promised to judge the offender Shvabrin. Peter said that the orphan was his bride. The ataman got even more excited.
In the morning we harnessed the wagon and went to the Belogorsk fortress. “I remembered the reckless cruelty, the bloodthirsty habits of the one who volunteered to be the deliverer of my dear! Pugachev did not know that she was the daughter of Captain Mironov; embittered Shvabrin could reveal everything to him; Pugachev could have found out the truth in another way... Then what will become of Marya Ivanovna? Cold ran through my body, and my hair stood on end ... "
ORPHAN
“The wagon drove up to the porch of the commandant's house. The people recognized Pugachev's bell and fled after us in a crowd. Shvabrin met the impostor on the porch. He was dressed as a Cossack and grew a beard. The traitor helped Pugachev to get out of the wagon, in vile expressions expressing his joy and zeal.
Shvabrin guessed that Pugachev was dissatisfied with him. He trotted in front of him, and looked at Peter incredulously. We started talking about Masha. “Sovereign! he said. - You have the power to demand from me whatever you want; but do not command a stranger to enter the bedroom of my wife.” Pugachev doubted that the girl was his wife. Entered.
“I looked and froze. On the floor, in a tattered peasant dress, sat Marya Ivanovna, pale, thin, with disheveled hair. In front of her stood a jug of water, covered with a slice of bread. When she saw me, she started and screamed. What happened to me then, I don't remember.
To Pugacheva's question, Marya Ivanovna replied that Shvabrin was not her husband. Ataman released the girl.
“Marya Ivanovna glanced at him quickly and guessed that before her was the murderer of her parents. She covered her face with both hands and fell down. feelings. I rushed to her; but at that moment my old acquaintance Palasha entered the room very boldly and began courting her young lady. Pugachev left the room, and the three of us went into the living room.
“What, your honor? - said, laughing, Pugachev. - Rescued the red girl! What do you think, should we send for the priest, and force him to marry his niece? Perhaps I will be a planted father, Shvabrin's friend; we’ll wrap up, we’ll drink - and we’ll lock the gates! ”
And then Shvabrin confessed that Masha was the daughter of Ivan Mironov, who was executed during the capture of the local fortress. But even this Pugachev forgave Peter. He gave him a pass to all the outposts and fortresses subject to the ataman.
When Marya Ivanovna and Pyotr Andreevich finally met, they began to talk about what they should do next. “It was impossible for her to remain in the fortress, subject to Pugachev and controlled by Shvabrin. It was impossible to think about Orenburg, which was undergoing all the disasters of the siege. She did not have a single person in the world. I invited her to go to the village to my parents. She hesitated at first: my father's well-known disposition frightened her. I calmed her down. I knew that my father would honor it with happiness and make it his duty to accept the daughter of a well-deserved soldier who died for the fatherland.
Pugachev and Peter parted amicably.
“We approached the town, where, according to the bearded commandant, there was a strong detachment going to join the impostor. We were stopped by guards. To the question: who is going? - the coachman answered loudly: "The sovereign's godfather with his hostess." Suddenly a crowd of hussars surrounded us with terrible abuse. “Come out, demon godfather! - the mustachioed sergeant told me. - Now you will have a bath, and with your hostess!
I left the wagon and demanded that they take me to their chief. Seeing the officer, the soldiers stopped cursing. The sergeant led me to the major. Savelich did not lag behind me, saying to himself: “Here is the sovereign’s godfather for you! From the fire to the frying pan... Lord, lord! how will it all end?" The kibitka followed us at a pace.
Five minutes later we arrived at the house, brightly lit. The sergeant-major left me on guard duty and went to report on me. He immediately returned, announcing to me that his high nobility had no time to receive me, and that he ordered me to be taken to prison, and the hostess to be brought to him.
Peter went into a rage, rushed to the porch. Ivan Ivanovich Zurin turned out to be a nobility, who once beat Peter in the Simbirsk tavern! They immediately reconciled. Zurin himself went out into the street to apologize to Marya Ivanovna in an involuntary misunderstanding and ordered the sergeant-major to take her the best apartment in the city. Peter stayed overnight with him and told him his adventures.
Zurin advised the old acquaintance to "get loose" with the captain's daughter, send her to Simbirsk alone, and suggested that Peter remain in his detachment.
“Although I did not quite agree with him, I nevertheless felt that the duty of honor required my presence in the army of the empress. I decided to follow Zurin's advice: send Marya Ivanovna to the village and stay in his detachment.
“The next day in the morning I came to Marya Ivanovna. I told her my guesses. She recognized their prudence and immediately agreed with me. Zurin's detachment was supposed to leave the city on the same day. There was nothing to delay. I immediately parted from Marya Ivanovna, entrusting her to Savelich and giving her a letter to my parents. Marya Ivanovna began to cry.
In the evening they went on a hike. “Gangs of robbers everywhere fled from us, and everything foreshadowed a quick and prosperous end. Soon, Prince Golitsyn, under the fortress of Tatishcheva, defeated Pugachev, dispersed his crowds, and liberated Orenburg. But still Pugachev himself was not caught. He appeared at the Siberian factories, gathered new gangs there, and again began to successfully mischief there. The news came about the destruction of the Siberian fortresses.
Soon Pugachev fled. After a while, he was completely smashed, and he himself was caught.
“Zurin gave me leave. A few days later I was to find myself again in the midst of my family, to see again my Marya Ivanovna... Suddenly, an unexpected thunderstorm struck me. On the day appointed for departure, at the very moment when I was preparing to set off on the road, Zurin entered my hut, holding paper in his hands, with an air of extremely preoccupied. Something pricked me in the heart. I was scared, I didn't know what. He sent my orderly, and announced that he had business with me.
It was a secret order to all the individual chiefs to arrest me wherever they came across, and immediately send me under guard to Kazan to the Investigative Commission established in the Pugachev case. Probably, the rumor about Peter's friendly relations with Pugachev reached the government.
“I was sure that my unauthorized absence from Orenburg was to blame. I could easily justify myself: not only was horsemanship never forbidden, but it was still encouraged by all means. I could be accused of being overzealous, not disobedient. But my friendly relations with Pugachev could be proved by many witnesses and should have seemed at least very suspicious.
In the Kazan fortress, Peter's legs were chained, and then they took him to prison and left him alone in a cramped and dark kennel. The next day, the prisoner was taken for interrogation. They asked when and how the officer began to serve with Pugachev. Peter told everything like it is. And then they invited the one who accused Grinev. It turned out to be Shvabrin! “According to him, I was assigned from Pugachev to Orenburg as a spy; daily went to skirmishes in order to convey written news about everything that was happening in the city; that finally he clearly passed on to the impostor, traveled with him from fortress to fortress, trying in every possible way to destroy his comrades-traitors in order to take their places and use the rewards handed out from the impostor.
Meanwhile, Marya Ivanovna was received by the groom's parents with sincere cordiality. They soon became attached to her, because it was impossible to know her and not love her. “My love no longer seemed to the father an empty whim; and mother only wanted her Petrusha to marry the captain's sweet daughter.
The news of his son's arrest shocked the Grinev family. But no one believed that this case could end unsuccessfully. Soon the father received a letter from St. Petersburg stating that suspicions about Peter’s participation “in the plans of the rebels, unfortunately, turned out to be too thorough, that an exemplary execution should have befallen me, but that the empress, out of respect for the merits and advanced years of her father, decided to pardon criminal son and, saving him from a shameful execution, only ordered him to be exiled to a remote region of Siberia for an eternal settlement.
The old man believed that his son was a traitor. He was inconsolable. “Marya Ivanovna suffered the most. Being sure that I could justify myself whenever I wanted to, she guessed the truth and considered herself the cause of my misfortune. She hid her tears and suffering from everyone, and meanwhile she constantly thought about the means of saving me.
Marya Ivanovna, Palasha and Savelich went to Sofia. In the morning, the girl in the garden accidentally met with the lady of the court, who began to ask her about why she had come. Masha said that she was the daughter of Captain Mironov, that she had come to ask the Empress for mercy. The lady said that she happens at court. Then Marya Ivanovna took a folded paper out of her pocket and handed it to her unfamiliar patroness, who began to read it to herself. But when the lady realized that the girl was asking for Grinev, she replied that the empress could not forgive him. But Masha tried to explain to the lady that Peter could not justify himself, because he did not want to interfere in her business. Then the stranger asked not to tell anyone about the meeting, promising that the girl would not have to wait long for an answer.
Soon the empress demanded Masha to the court. When Masha saw the Empress, she recognized in her the lady with whom she spoke so frankly in the garden! The empress said that she was convinced of Peter's innocence, and gave a letter to his father.
“Here the notes of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev stop. From family traditions it is known that he was released from prison at the end of 1774, by personal order; that he was present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognized him in the crowd and nodded his head to him, which a minute later, dead and bloody, was shown to the people. Soon afterwards Pyotr Andreevich married Marya Ivanovna. Their offspring prosper in the Simbirsk province.
The historical story "The Captain's Daughter" was first published by Pushkin in 1836. According to researchers, the work is at the intersection of romanticism and realism. The genre is not precisely defined either - some consider The Captain's Daughter a story, others a full-fledged novel.
The action of the work takes place during the period of the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev and is based on real events. The story is written in the form of memoirs of the protagonist Pyotr Andreevich Grinev - his diary entries. The work is named after Grinev's beloved, Marya Mironova, the captain's daughter.
main characters
Pyotr Andreevich Grinev- the main character of the story, a nobleman, an officer on behalf of whom the story is told.
Maria Ivanovna Mironova- daughter of captain Mironov; "a girl of about eighteen, chubby, ruddy".
Emelyan Pugachev- the leader of the peasant uprising, "forty years old, medium height, thin and broad-shouldered", with a black beard.
Arkhip Savelich- an old man who from an early age was Grinev's tutor.
Other characters
Andrey Petrovich Grinev- Father of Pyotr Andreevich, retired prime minister.
Ivan Ivanovich Zurin- an officer whom Grinev met in a tavern in Simbirsk.
Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin- an officer whom Grinev met in the Belogorodskaya fortress; joined the rebels of Pugachev, testified against Grinev.
Mironov Ivan Kuzmich- captain, father of Marya, commandant in the Belogorodskaya fortress.
Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard
The father of the protagonist, Andrey Petrovich Grinev, retired as a prime minister, began to live in his Simbirsk village, married the daughter of a local nobleman. From the age of five, Petya was given to the upbringing of the aspirant Savelich. When the protagonist turned 16, his father, instead of sending him to St. Petersburg to the Semyonovsky regiment (as previously planned), assigned him to serve in Orenburg. Savelich was sent along with the young man.
On the way to Orenburg, in a tavern in Simbirsk, Grinev met the captain of the hussar regiment Zurin. He taught the young man to play billiards, offered to play for money. After drinking the punch, Grinev got excited and lost a hundred rubles. The distressed Savelich had to repay the debt.
Chapter 2
On the way, Grinev dozed off and had a dream in which he saw something prophetic. Peter dreamed that he came to say goodbye to his dying father, but in bed he saw "a man with a black beard". The mother called the peasant Grinev's "planted father", told him to kiss his hand so that he would bless him. Peter refused. Then the man jumped up, grabbed an ax and started killing everyone. A terrible man affectionately called: "Do not be afraid, come under my blessing." At that moment Grinev woke up: they had arrived at the inn. In gratitude for the help, Grinev gave the counselor his hare sheepskin coat.
In Orenburg, Grinev was immediately sent to the Belogorod fortress, to the team of Captain Mironov.
Chapter 3
"Belogorsk fortress was forty miles from Orenburg." On the very first day, Grinev met the commandant and his wife. The next day, Pyotr Andreevich made the acquaintance of officer Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. He was sent here "for murder" - "stabbed a lieutenant" during a duel. Shvabrin constantly made fun of the commandant's family. Mironov's daughter Marya liked Pyotr Andreevich very much, but Shvabrin described her as "a complete fool".
Chapter 4
Over time, Grinev found in Mary "a prudent and sensitive girl." Pyotr Andreevich began to write poetry and somehow read one of his works, dedicated to Marya, Shvabrin. He criticized the verse and said that the girl would prefer "a pair of earrings" instead of "gentle rhymes". Grinev called Shvabrin a scoundrel and he challenged Pyotr Andreevich to a duel. The first time they failed to get along - they were noticed and taken to the commandant. In the evening, Grinev learned that Shvabrin had been wooing Marya last year and had been refused.
The next day, Grinev and Shvabrin again met in a duel. During the duel, Savelich ran up and called out to Pyotr Andreevich. Grinev looked around, and the enemy struck him "in the chest below the right shoulder."
Chapter 5
All the time while Grinev was recovering, Marya looked after him. Pyotr Andreevich offered the girl to become his wife, she agreed.
Grinev wrote to his father that he was going to get married. However, Andrei Petrovich replied that he would not give consent to marriage and would even bother to transfer his son "somewhere far away." Upon learning of the answer of Grinev's parents, Marya was very upset, but did not want to get married without their consent (in particular, because the girl was a dowry). From then on she began to avoid Pyotr Andreevich.
Chapter 6
The news came that “the Don Cossack and schismatic Emelyan Pugachev” escaped from under guard, gathered a “villainous gang” and “produced indignation in the Yaik villages”. It soon became known that the rebels were going to go to the Belogorsk fortress. Preparations have begun.
Chapter 7
Grinev did not sleep all night. A lot of armed people gathered at the fortress. Pugachev himself rode between them on a white horse. The rebels broke into the fortress, the commandant was wounded in the head, Grinev was captured.
The crowd shouted "that the sovereign is waiting for the prisoners in the square and is taking the oath". Mironov and Lieutenant Ivan Ignatich refused to take the oath and were hanged. The same fate awaited Grinev, but at the last moment Savelich threw himself at Pugachev's feet and asked to be let go of Pyotr Andreevich. Shvabrin joined the rebels. Mary's mother was killed.
Chapter 8
Marya hid the priestess, calling her her niece. Savelich told Grinev that Pugachev was the same peasant to whom Pyotr Andreevich had given a sheepskin coat.
Pugachev summoned Grinev. Pyotr Andreevich admitted that he would not be able to serve him, since he was a “natural nobleman” and “sworn to the empress”: “My head is in your power: let me go - thank you; you execute - God will judge you; but I told you the truth." The sincerity of Pyotr Andreevich struck Pugachev, and he let him go "on all four sides."
Chapter 9
In the morning, Pugachev told Grinev to go to Orenburg and tell the governor and all the generals to wait for him in a week. The leader of the uprising appointed Shvabrin as the new commander in the fortress.
Chapter 10
A few days later news came that Pugachev was moving towards Orenburg. Grinev received a letter from Marya Ivanovna. The girl wrote that Shvabrin was forcing her to marry him and treated her very cruelly, so she asked Grinev for help.
Chapter 11
Not having received support from the general, Grinev went to the Belogorodsk fortress. On the way, Pugachev's people seized them and Savelich. Grinev told the leader of the rebels that he was going to the Belogorod fortress, since there Shvabrin offends an orphan girl - Grinev's bride. In the morning, Pugachev, together with Grinev and his people, drove to the fortress.
Chapter 12
Shvabrin said that Marya was his wife. But when they entered the girl’s room, Grinev and Pugachev saw that she was pale, thin, and from the food in front of her there was only “a jug of water covered with a slice of bread”. Shvabrin reported that the girl was Mironov's daughter, but Pugachev still let Grinev go with his lover.
Chapter 13
Approaching the town, Grinev and Marya were stopped by guards. Pyotr Andreevich went to the major and recognized him as Zurin. Grinev, after talking with Zurin, decided to send Marya to her parents in the village, while he himself remained to serve in the detachment.
At the end of February, Zurin's detachment set out on a campaign. Pugachev, after being defeated, again gathered a gang and went to Moscow, causing confusion. "Gangs of robbers were outrageous everywhere." "God forbid to see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless!".
Finally Pugachev was caught. Grinev went to his parents, but a paper arrived about his arrest in the Pugachev case.
Chapter 14
Grinev, on orders, arrived in Kazan, he was put in prison. During the interrogation, Pyotr Andreevich, not wanting to involve Marya, kept silent about why he was leaving Orenburg. Grinev's accuser, Shvabrin, claimed that Pyotr Andreevich was a spy for Pugachev.
Marya Ivanovna was received by Grinev's parents "with sincere cordiality". The news of the arrest of Pyotr Andreevich amazed everyone - he was threatened with life exile in Siberia. To save her lover, Marya went to St. Petersburg and stayed in Tsarskoye Selo. During a morning walk, she got into a conversation with an unfamiliar lady, told her her story and that she had come to ask the Empress for Grinev's pardon.
On the same day, the carriage of the Empress was sent for Marya. The Empress turned out to be the same lady with whom the girl had spoken in the morning. The Empress pardoned Grinev and promised to help her with the dowry.
According to not Grinev, but the author, at the end of 1774, Pyotr Andreich was released. "He was present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognized him in the crowd and nodded his head to him." Soon Grinev married Marya. "The manuscript of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev was delivered to us from one of his grandsons."
Conclusion
In the historical story of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" both main and secondary characters deserve attention. The most controversial figure in the work is Emelyan Pugachev. The cruel, bloodthirsty leader of the rebels is portrayed by the author as a person who is not devoid of positive, somewhat romanticized qualities. Pugachev appreciates the kindness and sincerity of Grinev, helps his beloved.
The characters that oppose each other are Grinev and Shvabrin. Pyotr Andreich remains true to his ideas to the last, even when his life depended on it. Shvabrin easily changes his mind, joins the rebels, becomes a traitor.
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Retelling rating
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The story "The Captain's Daughter", the retelling of which is offered in this article, was written by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in 1836. It tells about the Pugachev uprising. The author, creating the work, was based on the events that actually happened in 1773-1775, when the Yaik Cossacks, under the leadership of Yemelyan Pugachev, who pretended to be Tsar Pyotr Fedorovich, began taking villains, thieves and runaway convicts as servants. Maria Mironova and Pyotr Grinev - however, the sad times of the civil war were truly reflected in their destinies.
1 chapter. Sergeant of the Guard
The story "The Captain's Daughter", the retelling of which you are reading, begins with Pyotr Grinev's story about his life. He was the only child who managed to survive out of 9 children of a poor noblewoman and a retired major, he lived in a noble family with an average income. The old servant was in fact the tutor of the young master. Peter received a poor education, as his father hired a Frenchman - a hairdresser Beaupré - as a tutor. This man led an immoral, dissolute life. For depraved actions and drunkenness, he was eventually expelled from the estate. And Petrusha, a 17-year-old boy, his father decided to send him to serve in Orenburg through old connections. He sent him there instead of Petersburg, where they were supposed to take the young man into the guard. To look after his son, he attached Savelich, an old servant, to him. Petrusha was very upset, because instead of the capital's parties, a bleak existence awaited him in this wilderness. Alexander Sergeevich writes about these events in the story "The Captain's Daughter" (1 chapter).
The retelling of the work continues. The young gentleman, during one of the stops along the way, meets Zurin, a rake-captain, because of whom he became addicted to playing billiards under the pretext of training. Soon Zurin offers the hero to play for money, and in the end Peter loses 100 rubles - a significant amount at that time. Savelyich, who was instructed to keep the "treasury" of the master, protests that Pyotr Grinev should pay the debt, but the master insists on this. Savelich had to submit and give the money.
Chapter 2 counselor
We continue to describe the events of the story "The Captain's Daughter". The retelling of the second chapter is as follows. Peter, in the end, begins to be ashamed of this loss and promises the servant not to play for money anymore. A long journey awaits them, and Savelich forgives his master. But again, because of Peter's imprudence, they get into trouble. Despite the impending storm, Grinev ordered the coachman to continue on their way, and they got lost and almost froze. However, luck was on the side of the heroes - they suddenly met a stranger. He helped travelers get to
We continue our retelling of Chapter 2 of The Captain's Daughter. Grinev recalls that he, tired after this unsuccessful trip, had a dream in a wagon, which he called prophetic: he saw his mother, who said that Peter's father was dying, and his house. After that, Grinev saw a man with a beard in the bed of his father, whom he did not know. The mother told the hero that this man is her named husband. Peter refuses to accept the "father's" blessing of the stranger, and then he grabs an ax, corpses appear everywhere. Grinev, however, he does not touch.
Here they are already approaching the inn, which resembles a thieves' haven. Frozen in one coat, a stranger asks for wine from Petrusha, and he treats him. An incomprehensible conversation in the thieves' language begins between the owner of the house and the peasant. Peter does not understand its meaning, but what he hears seems very strange to the hero. Grinev, leaving the rooming house, thanked, again to Savelich's displeasure, his escort, giving him a hare sheepskin coat. The stranger bowed in response, saying that he would never forget this favor.
When, finally, the hero gets to Orenburg, one of his father's colleagues, having read a letter with a request to keep the young man "sends him to serve in the Belogorsk fortress - an even more remote place. This upsets Peter, who had long dreamed of a guards uniform.
Chapter 3 Fortress
Chapter 3 of the story "The Captain's Daughter", a retelling of which is offered to your attention, begins with the following events. We get acquainted with the commandant of the fortress. Ivan Kuzmich Mironov was her master, but in fact everything was controlled by the chief's wife, Vasilisa Yegorovna. Peter immediately liked these sincere and simple people. The already middle-aged couple had a young daughter Masha, but so far her acquaintance with the main character has not taken place. In a fortress that turned out to be an ordinary village, a young man meets a lieutenant named Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. He was sent here from the guard for participating in a duel that ended in the death of his opponent. This hero often taunted about Masha, the captain's daughter, making her look like a fool, and generally had a habit of speaking unflatteringly about people. After Grinev himself met the girl, he expresses doubts about the lieutenant's remark. Let's continue our retelling. "The Captain's Daughter", Chapter 4, is brought to your attention in a summary below.
Chapter 4 Duel
Complacent and kind by nature, Grinev began to communicate more and more closely with the commandant's family, and gradually moved away from Shvabrin. Masha did not have a dowry, but she turned out to be a lovely girl. Peter did not like Shvabrin's caustic remarks. In the evenings, inspired by thoughts about this girl, he began to write poems to her and read them to Alexei Ivanovich. But he only ridiculed him, starting to humiliate the girl's dignity even more, saying that she would come at night to anyone who would give her earrings.
In the end, the friends had a big quarrel, and a duel was to take place. Vasilisa Egorovna found out about the duel, but the heroes pretended that they had reconciled, and they themselves decided to postpone the duel the next day. In the morning, as soon as they drew their swords, 5 invalids and Ivan Ignatich led them to Vasilisa Yegorovna under escort. Having scolded the duelists properly, she let them go. Alarmed by the news of this duel, Masha told Pyotr Grinev in the evening about Alexei Shvabrin's failed matchmaking for her. Then Grinev understood the motives of this man's behavior. The duel did take place. Peter turned out to be a serious opponent for Alexei Ivanovich. However, Savelich suddenly appeared at the duel, and, after hesitating, Peter was wounded.
Chapter 5 Love
The retelling of the story "The Captain's Daughter" continues, we have already reached chapter 5. Masha came out of the wounded Peter. The duel brought them closer, and they fell in love with each other. Grinev, wishing to marry a girl, writes a letter to his parents, but does not receive a blessing. The refusal of the father does not change the intentions of the hero, but Masha does not agree to marry secretly. The lovers move away from each other for a while.
Chapter 6 Pugachevshchina
We bring to your attention a retelling of Chapter 6 ("The Captain's Daughter"). The fortress is in turmoil. Mironov receives an order to prepare for an attack by robbers and rebels. Calling himself Peter III, he escaped from custody and now terrifies the local population. He is approaching Belogorsk. There are not enough people to defend the fortress. Mironov sends his wife and daughter to Orenburg, where it is more reliable. The wife decides not to leave her husband, and Masha says goodbye to Grinev, but she is no longer able to leave.
Chapter 7 massacre
Pugachev offers to surrender, but the commandant does not agree to this and opens fire. The battle ends with the transition of the fortress into the hands of Pugachev.
Emelyan decides to inflict reprisals on those who refused to obey him. He executes Mironov and Ivan Ignatich. Grinev decides to die, but not to swear allegiance to this man. But the servant Savelich rushes to the ataman at the feet, and he decides to pardon Peter. The Cossacks drag Vasilisa Yegorovna out of the house and kill her.
Chapter 8 Uninvited guest
This does not end the retelling of the story "The Captain's Daughter". Grinev understands that Masha will also be executed if they find out that she is here. In addition, Shvabrin took the side of the rebels. The girl is hiding in the house near the priest. In the evening, a friendly conversation between Peter and Pugachev took place. He remembered the good and in return granted the young man freedom.
Chapter 9 Parting
Pugachev ordered Peter to go to Orenburg in order to report his attack in a week. The young man leaves Belogorsk. Shvabrin becomes commandant and remains in the fortress.
Chapter 10 City siege
Grinev, upon arrival in Orenburg, reported on what was happening in the Council, everyone except the main character voted not for attack, but for defense.
The siege began, and with it want and famine. Peter secretly corresponds with Masha, and in one of the letters she informs the hero that Shvabrin is holding her captive and wants to marry. Grinev informs the general about this and asks the soldiers to save the girl, but he refuses. Then Peter alone decides to save his beloved.
Chapter 11 rebellious settlement
Grinev on the way gets to the people of Pugachev, he is sent for interrogation. Peter tells Pugachev about everything, and he decides to pardon him.
Together they go to the fortress, and on the way they have a conversation. Pyotr persuades the troublemaker to surrender, but Emelyan knows that it is already too late.
Chapter 12 Orphan
Pugachev learns from Shvabrin that Masha is the daughter of a former commandant. At first he is angry, but this time Peter manages to achieve the favor of Emelyan.
Chapter 13 Arrest
Pugachev releases the lovers, and they go home to their parents. On the way they meet Zurin, the former head of the outpost. He persuades the young man to stay in the service. Peter himself understands that duty calls him. He sends Savelich and Masha to his parents.
In battles, Pugachev begins to suffer defeat. But he himself could not be caught. Zurin and his detachment are sent to suppress a new rebellion. Then comes the news that Pugachev has been captured.
Chapter 14 Court
Let's continue with our summary. Pushkin ("The Captain's Daughter") narrates further about the following events. Grinev is arrested as a traitor, at the denunciation of Shvabrin. The empress pardoned him, taking into account the merits of his father, but sentenced the hero to life exile. Masha decides to go to Petersburg to ask the Empress for her beloved.
By chance, the girl meets her on a walk in the garden and talks about her grief, not knowing who her companion is. After this conversation, Maria Mironova was invited to the palace, where she saw Catherine II. She pardoned Grinev. Pugachev was executed. The lovers reunited and continued the Grinev family.
Your attention was offered only a brief retelling of the chapters. It does not cover all the events and does not fully reveal the psychology of the characters, therefore, to form a more detailed idea of \u200b\u200bthis work, we recommend that you refer to the original.
