City, district center, Sumy region, Ukraine. In 1646 it is mentioned as sl. Akhtyr, in 1654 New Akhtyrsky town. Name according to the location on the river. Akhtyrka (lp Vorskla). A hydronym from the name of the high mound Akhtur (Akhtyr) from Turkic, ak (ah) ... Geographic Encyclopedia

City in Ukraine, Sumy region. Railroad station. 52.0 thousand inhabitants (1991). Factories: agricultural machinery, medical furniture, etc.; light, food and flavor industry. Founded in 1641. In the Akhtyrka region, oil and gas production ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

City in Ukraine. Railway station 52 thousand inhabitants (1991). Factories: agricultural machinery, medical furniture, etc.; light, food industry. Founded in 1641. Oil and gas production in the Akhtyrka region. * * * Akhtyrka… … encyclopedic Dictionary

Akhtyrka- city, district center, Sumy region, Ukraine. In 1646 it is mentioned as sl. Akhtyr, in 1654 New Akhtyrsky town. Name according to the location on the river. Akhtyrka (lp Vorskla). Hydronym from the name of the high mound Akhtur (Akhtyr) from Turk, ak (ah) white, tour ... ... Toponymic Dictionary

The city, the center of the Akhtyrsky district of the Sumy region of the Ukrainian SSR, the final point of the railway. d. branches extending from Art. Kirikovka, on the Sumy Lyubotin line. 39.7 thousand inhabitants (1968). Enterprises of metalworking, machine-building (factory of agricultural machines) ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

County town of Kharkov province. at the lake Belom and R. Akhtyrka, 50°20 s. sh. and 4°35 in. D., 3 versts from the river. Vorskla, near her big knee; in 17 ver. station A. Kharkovo of the Nikolaev railway. The city is located in a very low-lying area (55 ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

Akhtyrka- 303421, Orlovsky, Kolpnyansky ... Settlements and indices of Russia

Akhtyrka: Russia Akhtyrka is a village in the Rasskazovsky district of the Tambov region Akhtyrka is a village in the Sergiev Posad district of the Moscow region Ukraine Akhtyrka is a city in the Sumy region, the administrative center of the Akhtyrsky district Akhtyrka ... ... Wikipedia

This term has other meanings, see Akhtyrka (meanings). Village Akhtyrka Country Russia Russia ... Wikipedia

Books

• Great masters. Apollinary Vasnetsov, Apollinary Vasnetsov (1856-1933) was born in the Vyatka province in the family of a village priest, studied at a religious school and, apparently, took his first drawing lessons from his older brother, who, ... Category: Domestic artists Series: Gallery of Russian painting Publisher: White City,
• Crossing of fate. Memoirs, Berkovskaya Elena Nikolaevna, Memoirs of Elena Nikolaevna Berkovskaya historian, bibliographer, daughter of the philosopher N.A. Setnitsky, cover three decades. Life on a `shard of the universe`, in Russian Harbin in the 1920s-first ... Category: Biographies, memoirs and fiction Publisher: Return, Manufacturer:

Spiritual and architectural pearl of the city Intercession Cathedral 1753-1762
The temple was built by order of Queen Elizabeth in honor of the acquisition of the Akhtyrskaya Miracle-Working Icon
Mother of God. At first it was believed that the author of the project was V.V. Rastrelli (or at any rate
his workshop), now, allegedly, there is evidence that the cathedral was built with the participation of an architect
D.V. Ukhtomsky. Many, including myself, are inclined to think that it was nevertheless built under
participation of the workshop of V.V. Rastrelli, since the project of the temple has an autograph of one of the architects,
who was working with him at the time. It's just that the contractors changed the project (I think they simplified it)
and the original design is practically not preserved. The architect S. Dudinsky supervised the work.

Next to the Cathedral is the Vvedenskaya Church, built in 1783. (it is also the bell tower of the Intercession Cathedral).
The first tier is a church, the rest are for bells. Architect Yaroslavsky P.A.
Previously, it was decorated with beautiful stucco moldings, I remember its remnants when the church was still in Soviet times.
time stood in the woods. But then it was just terribly plastered in order to preserve at least the brick
masonry. The church is crowned with a gilded statue of St. Andrew the First-Called.

On the other side of the cathedral is the Church of the Nativity, 1825. It is also called the Count.
The church was built at the expense of Countess Anna Rodionovna Chernysheva. In 1748 her mother,
widow Baroness Elizaveta Bogdanovna Von-Weidel, née Passek, Orthodox and devout,
On the way to St. Petersburg, she fell seriously ill in Akhtyrka. Concerned about the fate of her young children, she
prayed earnestly in the temple before the miraculous icon for healing. God appeared to her in a dream
Mother (it was May 2) and announced that in 5 days the woman would leave earthly life, and therefore
should prepare for death and give the estate to the poor. The patient reminded the Mother of God of
children (two little girls), whom she must leave in infancy without food.
This was the following answer: "Do not worry about your children, I will be their guardian."
And the order was repeated - to distribute the estate, so that prayers were performed. The patient announced
seen by her confessor and other persons, and after 5 days she really died. Soon both
her young daughters were unexpectedly demanded to the royal court. There they got
upbringing and subsequently were married off: one for Count Chernyshev, the other -
for Count Panin. Both countesses until their death, keeping a reverent memory of
miraculous dispensation of their fate, made large donations for the Church of the Intercession.
Countess Anna Rodionovna Chernysheva built a stone church near the Church of the Intercession in
honor of the Nativity of Christ with living rooms, where later she often lived and where she wanted
spend your last days. There were three very valuable Spanish paintings in this church.
painter Murillier, in the 19th century they left for Moscow for restoration and did not return. After
closing in the 60s, the church was looted. There was also a bus station and a weight workshop,
and baked lavash. And now there is only enough money for a non-perforated roof.

Not far from the cathedral complex of the chapel, at the place where the Akhtyrskaya Miracle-Working Icon appeared
Mother of God. By the way, one of its features is that the Mother of God is depicted on it with
uncovered head. The icon is still revered in the world.

Spaso-Preobrazhenskaya Church, 1907. Architect V. Nemkin. Before there was also
bell tower, directly above the entrance. But she suffered a lot during the shelling of the Second World War,
and after the war, its remains were dismantled. Now the church is slowly, but being restored.

In the north of the city there is the Church of the Archangel Michael, 1884. The architect is unknown. The temple is active.

Church of St. George the Victorious (in the city it is also called St. George's Church). Architect V. Pokrovsky, about whom I will write in more detail a little later. The temple was built for a long time. Consecrated in 1905. For a long time it was a warehouse,
and in the 90s the temple was handed over to parishioners.

There is a small bell tower nearby.

The Church of the Great Martyr Paraskeva Pyatnitsa in Bakirovka was founded in 1685. For my long
history has experienced more than one restoration and re-creation (1712, 1801, 1864, 1901, 1903). played
important role in the social life of the village. Until 1920, the parish book was located in the church,
records of which are today even in the fund of the world-famous Family History Library (Salt Lake
City, USA). Pyatnitskaya Church, which has survived to this day, was built at the end of the 19th century (according to
reference book "Monuments of urban planning and architecture of the Ukrainian SSR [PGA, v.4, p.17-18]:"),
according to other sources (Filaret (Gumilevsky D.G.). Historical and statistical description of the Kharkov
diocese) in 1903. Wooden, on a brick base, plastered inside, cross in plan,
five-frame, single-domed, with a bell tower attached from the west and rooms on the sides. Transition
from the quadrangle of the central frame to the octagon covered by a high tent with an onion dome, with
help of sails. One of the features of the monument is the five-sided windows in the main volume and
rectangular tricuspid in each of the faces of the octagon. The high two-tiered bell tower reminds
Northern Russian hipped temples.
The temple was built according to the project of Vladimir Nikolaevich Pokrovsky, diocesan architect
Warsaw-Kholmsky and Kharkov dioceses. He is the architect of the Church of St. George the Victorious. For my
life built more than 60 churches, for which he was awarded high awards from Emperor Nicholas II:
Order of St. Anna III, St. Stanislav" II and III degrees, a silver medal in memory of the reign
Emperor Alexander III, as well as a precious ring from the hands of the sovereign himself. wooden temples
V.N. Pokrovsky are completely unique in their architecture. With the same type of planning
decision, each of his wooden churches differed in details and at first glance they seem to
similar, but upon closer examination, it is clear that each of them carries a uniqueness
and originality.
Pyatnitskaya Church in Bakirovka is the only wooden creation of the architect that has survived to this day.
In 1989 the church was closed due to its emergency condition. The collapsed dome, the lack of glass and
numerous details, the floor that had rotted and collapsed into the basement - in such a sad state
the church is now. To date, the residents of the village of Bakirovka and the rector have a huge
desire to restore it to its original form.
Church address:
Church of the Great Martyr Paraskeva Pyatnitsa
st. Embankment 99
with. Backing
Akhtyrsky district
Sumy region
Ukraine
42742
(For correspondence: Vadim Batyuk (Pyatnitskaya Church), Frunze St. 4, Akhtyrka, Sumy region, Ukraine, 42700)
Rector of the Church of the Great Martyr Paraskeva Pyatnitsa: Priest Vadim Batyuk

Funds can be transferred to the following details (please clearly indicate the data
in the sender line, to mention you in prayer and a special commemorative edition, which
planned to be released after the completion of the revival of the church):

Back in the 1980s, the church looked like this

| | | | |
akhtyrka sumska region, akhtyrka akhtyrka
(Ukr. Okhtirka) - city, Akhtyrka city council, Sumy region, Ukraine. The KOATUU code is 5910200000. The population at the 2001 census was 49,721.

It is the administrative center of the Akhtyrsky district (of which the city is not included) and the Akhtyrsky city council, which, in addition, includes the villages of Velikoye Ozero, Zaluzhany, Kozyatin and Pristan.

• 1 Geographic location
• 2 History
  • 2.1 Origin of the name
  • 2.2 How Akhtyrka appeared
  • 2.3 First census
  • 2.4 Regimental city
  • 2.5 Akhtyrskaya fortress
  • 2.6 Visit of Peter the Great
  • 2.7 Tobacco manufacture
  • 2.8 Russian Empire
  • 2.9 Hussars
  • 2.10 Russian Civil War
  • 2.11 Soviet period
• 3 Population
• 4 Symbolism
• 5 Notable natives and residents
• 6 Economy
  • 6.1 Transport
• 7 Social sphere
• 8 Sports
• 9 Attractions
• 10 See also
• 11 Notes
• 12 Literature
• 13 Links

Geographical position

The city of Akhtyrka is located on the banks of the Akhtyrka River, which flows into the Vorskla River after 1.5 km.

The rivers Gusinka and Krinichnaya flow through the city. Forests (pine) adjoin the city.

Story

origin of name

Translated from the Turkic languages, the name of the city means "White Yar" - this place used to be a large wasteland. According to another version, the city is named after the Akhtyrka River, which translates as "stagnant water".

In local history literature, the myth of Catherine II's exclamation: "Oh, tyrka!", When she was riding in a carriage when traveling to the Crimea, and a ring slipped from her finger and fell into a hole in the floor, has been preserved. Catherine was German, hence the pronunciation.

How Akhtyrka appeared

The city arose on the site of the ancient Russian settlement of Novgorod-Seversky Principality, destroyed during the Tatar-Mongol invasion. The name comes from a small river of the same name, on which the settlement is located. The fortress served as a defensive point of the borders of North-Eastern Russia from the raids of nomadic slave traders and steppe peoples.

Modern history goes back to the construction of the Belgorod line. In 1640, the Russian fortress (prison) Volnov of the Belgorod border line was built near the border with the Commonwealth. Immediately, the Poles, as a counterweight, began to build a fortified Akhtyrka, but on the Russian side of the border (on the left bank of the Vorskla).

The first written mention of Akhtyrka (in Russian sources) dates back to September 1641. Its construction took place under the leadership of the constable of the Commonwealth Kulchevsky. The first constable of Akhtyrka was Yakubovsky.

After the Russian-Polish Peace of Polyanovsky in 1634, an agreement was signed on the delimitation of lands between the Commonwealth and the Moscow kingdom. The disengagement took place in 1635-1648 (before the Khmelnitsky uprising). According to this agreement, Akhtyrka was built on the territory of the Muscovite kingdom. After several years of litigation, Adam Kisel officially transferred Akhtyrka to Russia in 1647, a year before the Khmelnytsky uprising. The Poles, leaving, destroyed the Akhtyrskaya fortress and took away its inhabitants from there.

Akhtyrka was rebuilt anew by Cossacks and peasants - former subjects of the Commonwealth, who moved from the Right-Bank Ukraine to Sloboda.

First census

It was carried out in 1655 by the Akhtyrsky governor Trofim Khrushchev. According to the results of the census, 1339 people lived in the city.

Regimental city

In the middle of the 17th century, on the border of the Moscow kingdom - Slobozhanshchina, four Sloboda Cossack regiments were formed. They were formed from immigrants from the Right-Bank Ukraine. the duties of settlers (called Cherkasy and / or Rusyns in the documents), the protection of the borders of the Moscow State was charged. Akhtyrka became one of the regimental cities (Akhtyrka Sloboda Cossack Regiment), along with Kharkov, Sumy, Ostrogozhsky. The territory subordinated to the Akhtyrsky regiment included parts of the modern Kharkov, Sumy, Poltava and Belgorod regions.

As a regimental city, it remained in this status until 1765, when, as the Akhtyrka province, it became part of the newly formed Sloboda-Ukrainian province. At that time, Akhtyrka was the largest and most populated city of Slobozhanshchina.

Akhtyrskaya fortress

Akhtyrka, like all the cities of Sloboda Ukraine, had a chaotic building. The core of the city was a fortress, which occupied a strategically dominant place, and around it scattered, fitting into the terrain, crooked streets with residential estate buildings, which were located arbitrarily, without a definite regular order.

The Akhtyrka fortress was located on the banks of the small river Akhtyrka, where it makes a loop, forming a natural defense. In addition to the river, the fortress was surrounded by numerous lakes, which complicate the approaches to it.

The fortress had the shape of an irregular quadrangle and occupied the territory of the current city center, from the river to the square, where the Pokrovsky Cathedral is now located (the building of the cathedral is located outside the fortress). It was surrounded by a wooden fence with five stone and fifteen wooden towers, two bastions. The gates at the exits of the fortress had drawbridges. A moat was dug around the fortress and an earthen rampart with caponiers at the corners was poured. Water filled the fortress moat, giving the fortress an island position, strengthening its defensive ability.

Plan of the city in 1787

Intercession Cathedral

Church of the Entry into the Temple of the Blessed Virgin Mary

In 1703 Akhtyrka was given the status of a city.

Visit of Peter the Great

At the beginning of the 18th century, the soldiers of the Akhtyrsky regiment took an active part in the Northern War for the return of the Russian lands occupied by the Swedes and access to the Baltic Sea. On December 26, 1707, Peter the Great himself arrived in Akhtyrka to personally check the combat readiness of the garrison and hold a military council.

tobacco manufactory

In 1718, the first tobacco factory in Russia was opened in Akhtyrka, to which several villages (944 peasant households) were assigned, but it turned out to be unprofitable. And in 1727 the treasury sold the company to private individuals. A plantation (about 50 acres) was allocated for the tobacco manufactory, from which 7 thousand poods of tobacco were collected.

In the Russian Empire

From October 20 (O.S.) 1721 to September 1 (O.S.) 1917 as part of the Russian Empire.

Hussar regiment

The Akhtyrsky Hussar Regiment played an important role in the fight against Napoleon's troops during the Patriotic War of 1812. He took part in the battles near Smolensk, Vyazma, Borodino. For military merit, the regiment was honored to open the parade of winners at the entry of the allied forces into Paris. This regiment was served by one of the leaders of the partisan movement during the Patriotic War of 1812, the Russian poet D. V. Davydov, the Russian composer A. A. Alyabyev. In 1823, the regiment was commanded by the future Decembrist A. Z. Muravyov. The Russian poet M. Yu. Lermontov served in the Akhtyrsky Hussar Regiment.

Russian Civil War

From September 1 (old style) to October 25 (old style), 1917 as part of the Russian Republic. Then the Civil War began.

From April 29 to December 14, 1918, during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1923, as part of the Ukrainian state, an independent state of Eastern Europe.

Since December 1922 as part of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

On October 15, 1941, the Soviet authorities and troops left the city, occupied by German troops.

On February 23, 1943, he was liberated from the Nazi German troops by the Soviet troops of the Voronezh Front during the Kharkov offensive operation on February 2-3, 1943:

• 40th Army consisting of: 5th Guards. tank corps (Major General of the military unit Kravchenko, Andrey Grigorievich) consisting of: 21st Guards. brigade (Colonel Ovcharenko, Kuzma Ivanovich), 6th Guards. motorized rifle brigade (Colonel Shchekal, Alexander Mikhailovich); 309th Rifle Division (Major General Menshikov, Mikhail Ivanovich), units of the troops of the 340th Rifle Division (Major General Martirosyan, Sarkis Sogomonovich).

On August 25, 1943, he was liberated from the Nazi German troops by the Soviet troops of the Voronezh Front during the offensive in the Mirgorod direction in the Poltava region in 2014:

• 27th Army consisting of: 147th Rifle Division (Major General Yakimov, Mikhail Petrovich), 155th Rifle Division (Colonel Kaprov, Ilya Vasilievich), 166th Rifle Division (Colonel Svetlyakov, Anisim Illarionovich); 93rd brigade (lieutenant colonel Doropey, Sergey Klementievich), 39th det. tank regiment (lieutenant colonel Pushkarev, Sergei Filippovich), 1832 heavy self-propelled artillery regiment (lieutenant colonel Kharitonov, Stepan Grigorievich); 17th Breakthrough Artillery Division (Major General Art. Volkenstein, Sergey Sergeevich) consisting of: parts of the forces of the 39th cannon artillery brigade (Colonel Rakovich, Stanislav Vladislavovich), parts of the forces of the 108th howitzer artillery brigade of high power (Colonel Reutov, Vladimir Dmitrievich) , parts of the forces of the 22nd mortar brigade (Colonel Irineev, Iriney Petrovich).
• 2nd Air Army consisting of: 208th Night Bomber Air Division (Colonel Yuzeev, Leonid Nikolaevich).

Population

Until the very end of the 18th century, the population of Akhtyrka exceeded the population of Kharkov and Sumy. For the period of formation of the Sloboda-Ukrainian province (1785), it was the most populated city of the Sloboda region, in which 12,849 people lived. For comparison: 10,885 inhabitants lived in the provincial city of Kharkov.

Population change:

• 1785 - 12,849 people (6291 m, 6558 women);
• 1837 - 14 205;
• 1867 - 17,411 people;
• 1897 - about 23 thousand people (Ukrainians - 87%, Russians - 11%)
• 1900 - 25,965 people;
• 2001 - 49,721 people.

Symbolism

On September 21, 1781, the Russian Empress Catherine the Second (together with the rest of the cities of the province) approved the coat of arms of the city: “in a blue field, a golden cross with a radiance from above, and depicting the celebrity of this city by a great number of pilgrims.”

City coat of arms with official description, 1781

The original coat of arms on the map of the city in 1787

Coats of arms of the county towns of the Kharkov vicegerency of 1787

Notable natives and residents

• Antonenko-Davydovich, Boris - Soviet and Ukrainian writer.
• Bagryany, Ivan Pavlovich (1907-1963) - writer.
• Batyuk, Nikolai Filippovich - Soviet military leader, one of the heroes of the defense of Stalingrad.
• Belinnik, Pyotr Sergeevich (1906-1998) - opera singer, People's Artist of the USSR (1954).
• Berest, Alexey Prokopevich - Soviet officer, participant in the Great Patriotic War.
• Borodaevsky, Sergey Vasilievich - economist.
• Glovatskaya, Ekaterina Ivanovna (1921-2001) - Ukrainian Soviet writer and translator.
• Grabovsky, Pavel Arsenievich - Ukrainian poet, translator, participant in the revolutionary movement.
• Gurevich, Mikhail Iosifovich - Soviet aircraft designer, studied at the Akhtyrskaya gymnasium.
• Dovgopolyuk, Matvey Lukich (1893-1944) - poet and prose writer, teacher.
• Ermak, Oleg Vasilyevich - football player of Neftyanik-Ukrnafta (Akhtyrka), player of the youth football team of Ukraine (U19)
• Zerov, Nikolai Konstantinovich - Ukrainian literary critic, poet - master of sonnets.
• Kolesnikov, Ivan Mikhailovich (1905-1975) - Soviet military leader, Major General of Tank Forces (1945).
• Mykola Khvylyovy - Ukrainian Soviet writer.
• Ledenev, Pyotr Petrovich - Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Ostap Vishnya - Soviet Ukrainian writer, humorist and satirist.
• Rudinsky, Mikhail Yakovlevich - Soviet archaeologist, doctor of historical sciences.
• Svetlichnaya, Svetlana Afanasievna - Soviet and Russian theater and film actress, Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1974).
• Chefranov, Georgy Vasilyevich - Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of TRTI.
• Yaroslavsky, Pyotr Antonovich - architect.
• Voronko, Platon Nikitovich - Soviet poet, laureate of the Stalin Prize of the third degree

Economy

• NGDU "Akhtyrkanaftohaz"
• JSC "Naftoprommash"
• JSC "Akhtyrselmash"
• JSC "Akhtyrskaya garment factory"
• JSC "Akhtyrsky brewery"
• JSC "Akhtyrsky Khlebokombinat"
• Branch "Akhtyrsky cheese plant" PE "Ros".

Transport

Highways pass through the city H-12, T-1706, R-46 and railway, Akhtyrka station. The distance from the regional center to Akhtyrka is 80 km.

Social sphere

• Kindergartens.
• 10 secondary schools.
• Stadium.
• 14 sports grounds.
• DYUSSH.
• Children's music school.
• Children's art school.
• City Museum of Local Lore.
• City center of culture and recreation.
• Central Regional Hospital.

One of the first photographs of the city of Akhtyrka. On the right to the Pokrovsky Cathedral is st. Oktyabrskaya (in the modern arrangement of streets).

Sport

Football is actively developing in the city. The city is represented by the Neftyanik-Ukrnafta football club, which is a member of the Ukrainian 1st League.

Attractions

• Pokrovsky Cathedral (1753-62) - the former location of the Akhtyrka Icon of the Mother of God, a rare monument of the Elizabethan Baroque in the east of Ukraine, the project is attributed to D. Ukhtomsky
• The ensemble of the cathedral also includes the Vvedenskaya (1783) and the Nativity (1825) churches in the style of classicism
• Mass grave of Soviet soldiers.

see also

• Akhtyrka Icon of the Mother of God
• Akhtyrsky 12th Hussar Regiment
• Akhtyrsky Sloboda Cossack Regiment
• Administrative-territorial formations with the center in Akhtyrka
• Oilman (stadium, Akhtyrka)

Notes

1. Main Department of Statistics in the Sumy region, Population as of May 1, 2012 (Ukrainian)
2. Gorodetskaya I. L., Levashov E. A. Russian names of inhabitants: Dictionary-reference book. - M.: AST, 2003. - 363 p. - ISBN 5-17-016914-0. - S. 36.
3. Website of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.
4. From a letter (1654) of the Oleshnyansky governor to Moscow, “Cherkasy made a new prison of Akhtyrka in our reserved forest on the Akhtyrka River”
5. 1 2 3 Handbook "Liberation of cities: A guide to the liberation of cities during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945". M. L. Dudarenko, Yu. G. Perechnev, V. T. Eliseev et al. M.: Voenizdat, 1985. 598 p. http://gigabaza.ru/doc/76524-pall.html
6. RKKA website. http://rkka.ru.
7. Descriptions of the Kharkov vicegerency of the end of the 18th century. Descriptive static sources. - K .: Naukova Dumka, 1991. ISBN 5-12-002041-0 (Ukrainian)
8. The first general census of the population of the Russian Empire in 1897

Literature

• "The sheet, from which cities and counties the Kharkov governorship was compiled and how many souls were in them for 1779." - K .: Naukova Dumka, 1991. ISBN 5-12-002041-0
• "Description of the cities of the Kharkov governorship". 1796 - K .: Naukova Dumka, 1991. ISBN 5-12-002041-0
• "Description of the city of Akhtyrka with the county." 1780 - K .: Naukova Dumka, 1991. ISBN 5-12-002041-0
• Red Banner Kyiv. Essays on the history of the Red Banner Kiev Military District (1919-1979). Second edition, corrected and enlarged. Kyiv, publishing house of political literature of Ukraine, 1979.
• Military encyclopedic dictionary. M., Military publishing house, 1984.
• Handbook "Liberation of cities: A guide to the liberation of cities during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945". M. L. Dudarenko, Yu. G. Perechnev, V. T. Eliseev et al. M.: Voenizdat, 1985. 598 p.
• The Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Publishing house "Science". M., 1976.

Links

• Akhtyrka // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
• Electronic map of the city
• Reference book "Liberation of cities: A guide to the liberation of cities during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" / M. L. Dudarenko, Yu. G. Perechnev, V. T. Eliseev et al.
• RKKA website.
• Website of the Mechanized Corps of the Red Army.
• Website Cavalry Corps of the Red Army.
• Pocket atlas of the USSR, 1939. Main Directorate of Geodesy and Cartography under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. LENINGRAD 1939.
• Site http://Soldat.ru.

Sumy region
Districts	Akhtyrsky Belopolsky Burynsky Velikopisarevsky Glukhovsky Konotopsky Krasnopolsky Krolevetsky Lebedinsky Lipovodolinsky Nedrigailovsky Putivlsky Romensky Seredino-Budsky Sumy Trostyanetsky Shostkinsky Yampolsky
Cities	1 Belopolye2 Buryn2 Vorozhba2 Glukhov1 Druzhba2 Konotop1 Krolevets2 Lebedin1 Putivl2 Romny1 Seredina-Buda2 Sumy 1 Trostyanets2 Shostka1
Umbrella	Velikaya Pisarevka Voronezh Dubovyazovka Zhovtnevoe Znob-Novgorodskoe Kirikovka Krasnopolie Lime Valley Nedrigailov Nizy Svessa Stepanovka Terny Ugroedy Ulyanovka Hoten Chervonoye Chupahovka Shalygino Yampol
Notes: 1 city of regional significance; 2 city of district significance

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Akhtyrka Information About

Akhtyrka(Ukrainian Okhtirka) -, Akhtyrka City Council,.

It is the administrative center of the Akhtyrsky district (of which the city is not included) and the Akhtyrsky city council, which, in addition, includes the villages of Velikoye Ozero, Zaluzhany, Kozyatin and Pristan.

Geographical position

City is located on the banks of the Akhtyrka River, which flows into the Vorskla River after 1.5 km.

The rivers Gusinka and Krinichnaya flow through the city. Forests (pine) adjoin the city.

Name

Translated from the Turkic languages, the name of the city means "White Yar" - this place used to be a large wasteland. According to another version, the city is named after the Akhtyrka River, which translates as "stagnant water".

A local legend has preserved the myth of Catherine II’s exclamation: “Ah, a hole!” When she was riding in a carriage when traveling to the Crimea, a ring slipped from her finger and fell into a hole in the floor.

Story

The city arose on the site of the ancient Russian settlement of Novgorod-Seversky Principality, destroyed during the Tatar-Mongol invasion. The name comes from a small river of the same name, on which the settlement was located. The fortress served as a defensive point of the borders of North-Eastern Russia from the raids of nomadic slave traders and steppe peoples.

Modern history begins in the 17th century. In 1640, the Russian fortress (prison) Volnov of the Belgorod border line was built near the border with the Commonwealth. Immediately, the Poles, as a counterweight, began to build a fortified Akhtyrka, but on the Russian side of the border (on the left bank of the Vorskla).

The first written mention of the border fortress Akhtyrka dates back to September 1641. The fortress was part of the line of border fortifications built to protect against the raids of the Crimean Tatars. Its construction took place under the leadership of the constable of the Commonwealth Kulchevsky. The first constable of Akhtyrka was Yakubovsky.

After the Russian-Polish Peace of Polyanovsky in 1634, an agreement was signed on the delimitation of lands between the Commonwealth and the Moscow kingdom. The disengagement took place in 1635-1648 (before the Khmelnitsky uprising). According to this agreement, Akhtyrka was built on the territory of the Muscovite kingdom. After several years of litigation, Adam Kisel officially transferred Akhtyrka to Russia in 1647, a year before the Khmelnytsky uprising. The Poles, leaving, destroyed the Akhtyrskaya fortress and took away its inhabitants from there.

In 1647, Akhtyrka was rebuilt and included in the Belgorod line.

In 1655, the governor of Akhtyrsk, Trofim Khrushchev, carried out a census of the population. According to the results of the census, 1339 people lived in the city.

Regimental city

In the middle of the 17th century, on the border of the Moscow kingdom - Slobozhanshchina, four Sloboda Cossack regiments were formed. They were formed from immigrants from the Right-Bank Ukraine. The duties of the settlers (called Cherkasy and / or Rusyns in the documents) were charged with guarding the borders of the Moscow state. Akhtyrka became one of the regimental cities, along with,. The territory subordinated to the Akhtyrsky regiment included parts of the modern Kharkov, Sumy, Poltava and Belgorod regions.

Akhtyrka was the regimental town of the Akhtyrsky Sloboda Cossack Regiment in 1655-1765, when, as the Akhtyrka province, it became part of the newly formed Sloboda-Ukrainian province. At that time, Akhtyrka was the largest and most populous city in the Sloboda region.

In 1670-1671. the inhabitants of the city participated in the uprising of Stepan Razin.

Akhtyrskaya fortress

Plan of the city in 1787

Akhtyrka, like all the cities of Sloboda Ukraine, had a chaotic building. The core of the city was a fortress, which occupied a strategically dominant place, and around it scattered, fitting into the terrain, crooked streets with residential estate buildings, which were located arbitrarily, without a definite regular order.

The Akhtyrka fortress was located on the banks of the small river Akhtyrka, where it makes a loop, forming a natural defense. In addition to the river, the fortress was surrounded by numerous lakes, which complicate the approaches to it.

The fortress had the shape of an irregular quadrangle and occupied the territory of the current city center, from the river to the square, where the Pokrovsky Cathedral is now located (the building of the cathedral is located outside the fortress). It was surrounded by a wooden fence with five stone and fifteen wooden towers, two bastions. The gates at the exits of the fortress had drawbridges. A moat was dug around the fortress and an earthen rampart with caponiers at the corners was poured. Water filled the fortress moat, giving the fortress an island position, strengthening its defensive ability.

1708-1917

In 1708 Akhtyrka was given the status of a provincial town in the Kiev province.

The soldiers of the Akhtyrsky regiment took an active part in the Northern War. On December 26, 1707 (January 6, 1708), Peter the Great himself arrived in Akhtyrka to personally check the combat readiness of the garrison and hold a military council.

In January 1709, the townspeople repulsed the attacks of the Swedish detachment that was besieging the city.

In 1718, the first tobacco factory in Russia was opened in Akhtyrka, to which several villages (944 peasant households) were assigned, but it turned out to be unprofitable and in 1727 the treasury sold the enterprise to private individuals. A plantation (about 50 acres) was allocated for the tobacco manufactory, from which 7 thousand poods of tobacco were collected.

In 1753-1762, the Pokrovsky Cathedral was built (in which the famous Akhtyrskaya icon of the Mother of God was located).

In 1765, the city was included in the Sloboda-Ukrainian province, and the Akhtyrsky regiment was reorganized into the Akhtyrsky hussar regiment.

In 1780 Akhtyrka became a county town of the Kharkov province.

The Akhtyrsky 12th Hussar Regiment participated in the Patriotic War of 1812.

By the beginning of the 1890s, Akhtyrka was a center of trade and handicrafts.

1918 - 1991

In December 1917, Soviet power was established in Akhtyrka, but during the civil war, power in the city changed several times.

In 1921, Soviet power was restored, for active assistance, the population of the Akhtyrsky district was awarded the Honorary Banner of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee.

After the start of the Great Patriotic War on October 15, 1941, the city was occupied by the advancing German troops.

On February 23, 1943, he was liberated from the Soviet troops of the Voronezh Front during the Kharkov offensive operation on February 2-3, 1943:

• 40th Army consisting of: 5th Guards. tank corps (Major General of the military unit Kravchenko, Andrey Grigorievich) consisting of: 21st Guards. brigade (Colonel Ovcharenko, Kuzma Ivanovich), 6th Guards. motorized rifle brigade (Colonel Shchekal, Alexander Mikhailovich); 309th Rifle Division (Major General Menshikov, Mikhail Ivanovich), units of the troops of the 340th Rifle Division (Major General Martirosyan, Sarkis Sogomonovich).

On March 11, 1943, it was occupied for the second time, in the summer of 1943, during the Battle of Kursk, fierce battles took place in the Akhtyrka region. In the summer of 1943, Akhtyrka was one of the most heavily fortified German defense centers on this sector of the front, which in August 1943 became the concentration point for a German tank group to attack the 27th Army.

On August 25, 1943, he was liberated by the Soviet troops of the Voronezh Front during an offensive on:

• 27th Army consisting of: 147th Rifle Division (Major General Yakimov, Mikhail Petrovich), 155th Rifle Division (Colonel Kaprov, Ilya Vasilievich), 166th Rifle Division (Colonel Svetlyakov, Anisim Illarionovich); 93rd brigade (lieutenant colonel Doropey, Sergey Klementievich), 39th det. tank regiment (lieutenant colonel Pushkarev, Sergei Filippovich), 1832 heavy self-propelled artillery regiment (lieutenant colonel Kharitonov, Stepan Grigorievich); 17th breakthrough artillery division (major general art. S. S. Volkenstein) consisting of: parts of the forces of the 39th cannon artillery brigade (colonel S. V. Rakovich), parts of the forces of the 108th howitzer artillery brigade of high power (colonel V. D . Reutov), ​​part of the forces of the 22nd mortar brigade (Colonel I.P. Irineev).
• 2nd Air Army consisting of: 208th Night Bomber Air Division (Colonel L. N. Yuzeev).

In 1966, on the site of the most fierce battles, the Mound of Military Glory was built, in 1967, the Monument of Immortality was erected.

In accordance with the fourth five-year plan for the restoration and development of the national economy of the USSR, the city was restored; as of the beginning of 1950, a foundry and mechanical plant, a nail factory, a brick factory, a woodworking factory, a shoe factory, a first of all, the flour-grinding, meat and oil-pressing industries), a pedagogical school, a technical school for the mechanization and electrification of agriculture, as well as an obstetric school.

As of the beginning of 1978, the Promsvyaz plant, an agricultural engineering plant, a medical furniture plant, a building materials plant, a brewery, a dairy plant, a garment factory, a shoe factory, an art products factory, a meat processing plant, a bakery plant, a consumer services plant, oil and gas production department and several other industries, 14 secondary schools, a music school, two vocational schools, a technical school for mechanization and electrification of agriculture, 2 medical institutions, 2 Palaces of Culture, a cultural center, 4 clubs, a cinema, 4 libraries, a local history museum.

After 1991

After the declaration of independence of Ukraine, the 91st engineer regiment located in the city was included in the armed forces of Ukraine and later received a new name - the 91st separate operational support regiment (military unit A0563).

In 1998, the plant of building materials was closed and liquidated, in 2003 - the plant of medical furniture, in 2014 - the plant of OAO Nefteprommash.

Population

Until the very end of the 18th century, the population of Akhtyrka exceeded the population of and. For the period of formation of the Sloboda-Ukrainian province (1785), it was the most populated city of the Sloboda region, in which 12,849 people lived. For comparison: 10,885 inhabitants lived in the provincial city of Kharkov.

Population change:

• 1785 - 12,849;
• 1837 - 14 205;
• 1867 - 17,411 people;
• 1897 - 23,399 people
• 1900 - 25,965 people;
• 1989 - 50,726 people
• 2001 - 49,721 people
• 2013 - 49,047 people

Symbolism

On September 21, 1781, the Russian Empress Catherine II (together with the rest of the cities of the province) approved the coat of arms of the city: "in a blue field, a golden cross with a radiance from above, and depicting the celebrity of this city by the great number of pilgrims."

Notable natives

• Batyuk, Nikolai Filippovich - Soviet military leader, one of the heroes of the defense of Stalingrad.
• Kolesnikov, Ivan Mikhailovich - Soviet military leader, major general of tank troops.
• Rudinsky, Mikhail Yakovlevich - Soviet archaeologist, doctor of historical sciences.
• Chefranov, Georgy Vasilyevich - Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of TRTI.
• Yaroslavsky, Pyotr Antonovich - architect.

Economy

• NGDU "Akhtyrkaneftegaz" JSC "Ukrnafta"
• OJSC "Akhtyrskaya Garment Factory" (one shop actually works)
• JSC "Akhtyrsky brewery"
• State Enterprise "Akhtyrsky Combine of Bakery Products"
• Branch "Akhtyrsky Cheese Plant" PE "Ros"

Transport

Highways pass through the city H-12, T-1706, R-46 railway, Akhtyrka station. The distance from the regional center to Akhtyrka is 80 km.

Social sphere

One of the first photographs of the city of Akhtyrka. On the right to the Pokrovsky Cathedral is st. Oktyabrskaya (in the modern arrangement of streets).

• Kindergartens.
• 10 secondary schools.
• Stadium.
• 14 sports grounds.
• DYUSSH.
• Children's music school.
• Children's art school.
• City Museum of Local Lore.
• City center of culture and recreation.
• Central Regional Hospital.

Sport

Football is actively developing in the city - the Neftyanik stadium and the Neftyanik-Ukrnafta football club, which is a member of the Ukrainian 1st League, operate.

Attractions

Christ Church

• Pokrovsky Cathedral (1753-62) - the former location of the Akhtyrka Icon of the Mother of God, a rare monument of the Elizabethan Baroque in the east of Ukraine, the project is attributed to D. Ukhtomsky
• The ensemble of the cathedral also includes the Vvedenskaya (1783) and the Nativity (1825) churches in the style of classicism
• Mass grave of Soviet soldiers.
• Monument of Immortality (Sculptors K. Godulyan, I. Grechanik, architect B. Berdnik, 1967)

Notes

1. Akhtyrka // Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary. redcall, ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. 4th ed. M., "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1986. p.94
2. Population as of May 1, 2017 / Main Department of Statistics in Sumy region (Ukrainian)
3. Gorodetskaya I. L., Levashov E. A.// Russian names of inhabitants: Dictionary-reference book. - M. : AST, 2003. - S. 36. - 363 p. - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-016914-0.
4. // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
5. Akhtyrka // Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia. volume 1. Kyiv, "Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia", 1978. p.310
6. Akhtyrka // Great Soviet Encyclopedia. / editorial board, ch. ed. S. I. VAVILOV 2nd ed. Volume 3. M., State Scientific Publishing House "Great Soviet Encyclopedia", 1950. p.570
7. Handbook "Liberation of cities: A guide to the liberation of cities during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945". M. L. Dudarenko, Yu. G. Perechnev, V. T. Eliseev et al. M.: Voenizdat, 1985. 598 p. http://gigabaza.ru/doc/76524-pall.html
8. RKKA website. http://rkka.ru.
9. History of the Second World War 1939-1945 (in 12 volumes) / editorial board, ch. ed. A. A. Grechko. Volume 7. M., Military Publishing House, 1976. p.170
10. History of the Second World War 1939-1945 (in 12 volumes) / editorial board, ch. ed. A. A. Grechko. Volume 7. M., Military Publishing House, 1976. p.176
11. Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 1241-r dated November 25, 2015 “About the hardening of the translation of the rummy military lane of the Evil Forces, as it can be recognized”
12. Transfer of liquidated businesses by the camp on 04/01/2016 // official website of the Akhtyrka City Council dated April 1, 2016
13. Descriptions of the Kharkov vicegerency of the end of the 18th century. Descriptive-statistical sources. - K .: Naukova Dumka, 1991. ISBN 5-12-002041-0 (Ukrainian)
14. The first general census of the population of the Russian Empire in 1897
15. All-Union Population Census of 1989 Number of urban population of the Union republics, their territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by sex
16. Website of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.
17. The number of apparent population of Ukraine as of September 1, 2013. State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Kyiv, 2013. page 92

Literature

• "The sheet, from which cities and counties the Kharkov governorship was compiled and how many souls were in them for 1779." - K .: Naukova Dumka, 1991. ISBN 5-12-002041-0
• "Description of the cities of the Kharkov governorship". 1796 - K .: Naukova Dumka, 1991. ISBN 5-12-002041-0
• "Description of the city of Akhtyrka with the county." 1780 - K .: Naukova Dumka, 1991. ISBN 5-12-002041-0

Links

• Electronic map of the city

Here is a map of Akhtyrka with streets → Sumy region, Ukraine. We are studying a detailed map of the city of Akhtyrka with house numbers and streets. Real-time search, today's weather, coordinates

More about the streets of Akhtyrka on the map

A detailed map of the city of Akhtyrka with street names shows all routes and objects, including the street. Batyuka and Pervomaiskaya. The city is located near. On the left bank of the Akhtyrka River.

For a detailed study of the territory of all regions, it is enough to change the scale of the online scheme +/-. On the page interactive map of the city of Akhtyrka with addresses and routes of the area, move its center to find the streets.

You will find all the necessary detailed information about the location of urban infrastructure - shops and houses, squares and roads, highways and lanes. The ability to find out the distance and extent of the city, get directions through the territory, search for an address. st. Frunze and Transportnaya are also in sight.

Satellite map of Akhtyrka (Ahtyirka) with Google search is waiting for you in its rubric. You can use the Yandex search to find the required house number on the map of the city and Sumy region of Ukraine in real time. Here