Geography of the Ivanovo region.

Relief

Ivanovo region is located in the center of the European part of Russia.

Included in the Central Federal District. Square of the Ivanovo region

is 21.4 thousand square meters. km, population -1066.5 thousand people. (2010). AT

The region includes 21 administrative districts, 17 cities, 31

urban village. 403.1 people live in the regional center of Ivanovo

thousand people The largest cities of the Ivanovo region are Kineshma

(91.7 thousand people), Shuya (58.1 thousand people). The urban population is

80.7%, rural 19.3%.

Ivanovo region is located in the central part

East European Plain, between the Volga and Klyazma rivers

occupies a gently undulating plain with a uniform network of small rivers and

ravines. In the northwest there is a ridge of moraine hills

(heights up to 196 m) - the watershed of the Volga and Klyazma, in the southeast and

in the east (left bank of the Klyazma) is the Balakhinskaya lowland and

Lukhskoye woodland, on the left bank of the Volga - Unzhinskaya lowland, on

in the west - the northern part of the Vladimir Opole.

The surface of the region is a low, slightly hilly plain, raised above sea level by 130-150 meters. Small elevations are found in the southwest where the remains of the Moscow Upland manifest themselves, and in the north there is a section of the Galich Upland, here the cities of Furmanov, Privolzhsk and Ples are located on high areas. The highest point of the region - 196 meters above sea level is located on a ridge in the Zavolzhsky district.

The central and southeastern parts of the region are low-lying, on the banks of the Klyazma there is the lowest mark of 75 meters. On a flat sandy plain, you can see many small lakes and peat bogs. A whole cluster of karst funnels is found in the Savinsky district. There are also moraine remnants in the region, the ridge in the vicinity of Shuya is widely known, with the Aspen Mountain forest located on it.

Climate

The climate of the region is temperate continental. It is characterized by relatively warm summers and moderately frosty winters with stable snow cover. The coldest month of the year is traditionally January with an average monthly temperature of -11.5 °C ÷ -12 °C, and the warmest month of the summer is July with an average monthly temperature of +17.5 °C ÷ +18 °C. Precipitation is about 550-600 mm per year. The prevailing wind direction is southwest. Freezing on the rivers begins in the last days of November, on the Gorky reservoir in mid-December. The maximum height of snow cover during the winter falls on the first decade of February and is about 30-50 cm. The soil freezes to a depth of 25 to 45 cm. Fluctuations in the water regime of rivers do not have a noticeable effect on economic activity.

Hydrography

There are about 1700 rivers and streams and more than 150 lakes in the region. The largest river is the Volga, with the Gorky reservoir located on it and the tributaries of the Shacha, Mer, Elnat, Kineshma. The main part of the flow belongs to the Klyazma basin, among them: the Nerl (with the Ukhtoma tributary), the Uvod (with the Ukhtokhma and Vyazma tributaries), the Teza (with the Parsha and Lyulekh tributaries) and the Lukh (with the Landekh tributary). The main part of the lakes is located in the center and in the south of the region, these are Podozerskoye, Yuritsinskoye, Gusevskoye, Serkovskoye in the Komsomolsky district, the oxbow lakes Orekhovoe, Dolgoe and Sorokino in the Klyazminsky reserve, lakes Shadrino, Lamskoye, Svyatoye, Ponyhar, Zaborye and the deepest in the Kleshchinskoye region (35 meters) are located in the Yuzhsky district. A significant part of the small lakes become swampy, and many lakes have formed on depleted peat bogs. The largest and most easily accessible lake Rubskoe (mirror area - 2.97 km²) is located in the Teikovsky district along the Kostroma-Vladimir road. In addition to Gorky, there are several reservoirs in the region, among them Uvodskoye (supplemented by the Volga-Uvod canal) and Morkushskoye. Land areas under surface water bodies, including swamps, amounted to 115.7 thousand hectares (5.4%). Of these, under rivers, streams, lakes, reservoirs, ponds - 65.0 thousand hectares, under swamps - 50.7 thousand hectares.

The high purity of the lakes, especially in the Yuzhsky region, creates excellent conditions for recreational, ecological,

sports tourism and health-improving recreation

Vegetation, soil

The region is located at the junction of two zones: European taiga and mixed forests. In total, forests occupy 48% of the territory of the region, and meadows about 10%. Soils are soddy-podzolic, swampy in places, alluvial in river valleys.

The basis of the forest fund is pine, spruce and birch (about 90%). Natural landscapes are picturesque and diverse:

pine forests and dense spruce forests, oak and birch groves, water

meadows and swamps, fields and copses, sand dunes and beaches, steep

river banks and ravines. An abundance of mushrooms, wild berries, cranberries and blueberries on

swamps, a fairly good development in the region of horticulture and

57.016667 , 41.516667

General map of the Ivanovo region

The region is located in the center of the European part of Russia. Most of it lies in the interfluve of the Volga and Klyazma. Area - 21,437 km² (one of the smallest regions of Russia, only Kaliningrad is larger). It borders on Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Kostroma and Yaroslavl regions. The length of the territory from north to south is 158 km, from west to east - 230 km.

Relief and geology

The surface of the Ivanovo region is a gently undulating, in some places flat low-lying plain, the absolute height of which only in the extreme south-east of the region, where the slopes of the Moscow Upland approach its border, reaches 212 meters above sea level. The lowest point of the region - 75 meters above sea level - is located on the banks of the Klyazma River.

In the north of the region, from west to east, there is a chain of terminal moraines of the Moscow glaciation - the Rostov-Plesskaya ridge, the highest point of which reaches a height of 195 meters. In the Trans-Volga part, it passes into the Galich-Chukhloma ridge with a maximum elevation of 196 meters.

The interfluves that were not flooded with melted glacial waters were formed by the Dnieper moraine deposits. In the hollows of the runoff between the hills, lakes formed, subsequently many of them turned into swamps. Along the banks of the rivers, as a result of water erosion, deep ravines were formed. In the south of the region in the Savinsky, Yuzhsky, Shuisky, Palekh regions, karst landforms are common in the form of funnels, karst lakes and karst depressions.

Ivanovo Oblast is located in the center of the East European Plain. From a tectonic point of view, this is a calm platform area located under the southern flank of the Moscow depression. The depth of the crystalline basement varies from 1600 m in the south to 3000 m in the north of the region.

Of greatest interest are those geological objects that can be observed during hikes and excursions. In particular:

  • Jurassic and Triassic outcrops along the banks of the Volga
  • Legkovsky limestone quarry in the Yuzhsky district
  • Karst funnels and karst lakes in the Savinsky, Yuzhsky, Shuisky, Palekh regions.
  • Peat quarries in Teikovsky, Komsomolsky, Savinsky, Yuzhsky and other areas.
  • Sand and gravel quarries located along the edge of the terminal moraines of the Moscow glaciation
  • Dunes in Yuzhsky district

Minerals

Ivanovo region is poor in minerals. Fossils of sedimentary origin are widespread.

2 deposits of glass sands of federal importance have been identified. The Palekh deposit (Palekh region) with commercial reserves of 3,400 thousand tons has been explored. The Kudrevatinskoye (Lezhnevsky district) deposit has reserves of 1216 thousand tons of sands.

Vegetation

The region is located at the junction of two zones: European taiga and mixed forests. In total, forests occupy 48% of the territory of the region, and meadows about 10%. Especially wooded are the Zavolzhsky, Yuzhsky and Teikovsky regions.

From May 6 to May 16, 2010, a huge forest fire blazed in the Ivanovo region. Burned out about 10 thousand hectares of forest.

In 1971, a peaceful underground nuclear explosion "Globus-1" was carried out on the territory of the Ivanovo region. During the explosion, there was an emergency release of radioactive substances to the surface. Work is currently underway to rehabilitate the facility.

Notes

Posted Thu, 13/07/2017 - 11:45 by Cap

The Ivanovo Region is located in the central part of the East European Plain, between the Volga and Klyazma rivers. The surface is low-lying, in some places slightly hilly plain. In the northwest there is a ridge of moraine heights (height up to 196 m), in the southeast (left bank of the Klyazma) - the Balakhna lowland. On the left bank of the Volga - Unzhinskaya lowland. The main river is the Volga. Rivers bass. Volga: Klyazma, Nerl, Lead, Teza. Many small lakes (glacial, floodplain, karst), Gorky reservoir. Minerals: phosphorites, peat, etc.

Geography.
The Ivanovo region is located in the center of the non-chernozem zone of the European territory of Russia. The area of ​​the territory is 21400 km2.

Climate.
Moderate continental. The sum of active temperatures is 1950-2050оС. Vegetation period 110-140 days. The transition in spring through 0оС takes place on April 4-8, after +10оС - on May 4-10, on May 7-14 the average daily temperature exceeds +15оС. The transition in autumn through + 10 ° C occurs in mid-September, through + 5 ° C - on October 7-10, through 0 ° C - on October 27 - November 1. Frosts in the atmosphere can be observed until mid-June and begin in early September.
Frosts on the soil surface occur even in the third decade of June and in mid-August. An important feature of the region are late frosts, which are observed annually. During the spring, on average, there are 5-6 days with frosts in the air and 10-14 on the soil surface. The average date of the last frost in the air is May 15-23, on the soil surface May 21-31.
In autumn, the most probable date of the first frost in the air falls on September 18-24, the earliest frosts in the air occur in early September, and in some years even at the end of August. Frosts on the soil surface also occur in the first decade of August, but the probability of their occurrence at this time is extremely small.
In the first ten days of September, the probability of a decrease in air temperature at night to 0оС is 10-20%, in the second ten days the probability of such a decrease increases to 35-45%, and in the third to 50-60%. In the autumn period, on average, there are 8-9 days with frosts in the air and 10-15 days with frosts on the soil surface. Solar heat Ivanovo region receives about 88 kcal/cm2 of area per year. According to the seasons, this heat is distributed as follows: in winter 6, in spring 30, in summer 40, in autumn 12 kcal / cm2.
The radiation balance is positive and is about 28 kcal/cm2. A positive balance is observed from April to October. From November to March the balance is negative. The amount of precipitation during the growing season is 300-350 mm. In years with snowy winters, there are cases of soaking and damping of winter crops. During the winter, about 30% of precipitation falls. A stable snow cover is established on average around November 15-20. The maximum depth of snow cover during the winter falls on the first ten days of February: on February 10 it is 30-50 cm (average long-term value).
The growth of snow cover usually continues until the first decade of March, the height of the snow cover by the beginning of March reaches 40-60 cm. The snow is covered with a continuous cover. By the end of winter, the water reserves in the snow on the fields average 100-125 mm. In some years, 150-200 mm, sometimes 45-55 mm. Soil freezing reaches its greatest value at the end of March. The average freezing depth is 75 cm, the largest is 110-150 cm. The area is in conditions of excessive moisture. Droughts are not observed in the Ivanovo region, but dry phenomena do occur. A rare year in the region does without dry winds.

On the territory of the Ivanovo region, in the Yuzhsky district, there is the Klyazminsky reserve, which is part of the Meshchera National Park - the only specially protected area of ​​\u200b\u200bfederal subordination in the region.

The reserve was founded in 1978 on the basis of two local reserves
The total area of ​​the protected area is 21 thousand hectares.

Muddy msharas (overgrown lakes), centuries-old pines, whitish moss on the stones - a gloomy-fabulous landscape is somewhat reminiscent of the northern, Karelian one. It is not for nothing that the lake Yuzhsky district is compared with this region.

Muskrat, muskrat, beaver, elk, marten, various types of ducks, capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse live in the reserve. Of the rather rare birds, there are hollow nesters, goldeneyes, owls, kingfishers.
Included in the Ramsar list of the most valuable wetlands in the world.

The reserve is a floodplain of three rivers, a forest area with a lot of swamps and lakes. It's no joke, in a relatively small area there are about 160 reservoirs. Most are elongated, narrow oxbow lakes, formed from the former bed of the measured Klyazma, along which the southern border of the reserve now passes.
The name of one of the large lakes - Long - speaks for itself.

And on Orekhovy, the water chestnut listed in the Red Book (chilim, floating rogulnik, devil's nut, flyers) grows, mallards, teals, goldeneyes nest.
Chilim is the same age as crocodiles, it appeared in the Cenozoic era and still exists on the planet, but can die under human influence.

On the quiet surface of a reservoir, whether it be a lake or a river bay, in summer you can see a beautiful rosette of floating green water chestnut leaves, which change their color to orange-yellowish closer to autumn, decorating the water surface.

Closer to September, flyers ripen, like a small ship, a rosette of leaves floats, loaded with nuts hanging in the water like anchors. In late autumn, the leaves of the chilim rot, and the fruits fall to the bottom, clinging to it with their small horns.

Inside the fruit is a white seed that can be eaten. For example, in India, about forty thousand people annually eat chilim fruits, they eat them with salt and spices, cook stew and even bake bread.
Water chestnuts are specially bred for this purpose in China, Japan, and also on the island of Sri Lanka.

The property of the reserve is, of course, the muskrat. Initially, it was created specifically to protect a small animal with a funny name and valuable fur.

The desman is a mammal of the mole family. Belongs to the class of insectivores. In the past - the object of active hunting. Currently, the animal is listed in the Red Book of Russia and is under protection.

By the beginning of the 2000s, there were about two thousand individuals, and now, it has significantly decreased.
The depressing statistics can also be explained by natural factors.
Winter floods flood the muskrat minks and they simply have nowhere to go.
There is a hypothesis that the mink, which seriously bred in the reserve, also influenced the number. Usually muskrat and mink coexist, but they can also compete.

This is how the livestock of an animal is reduced, which is not inferior in age to mammoths. But as long as there are habitats, there is hope that the animal will breed,

But the main pride of the reserve is the white-tailed eagle.

A large bird with a wingspan of up to 2.5 meters is a rarity in our strip. Some reserves and sanctuaries claim that they have this bird, but often only on migration. In Klyazminsky, the white-tailed eagle nests!
He lives in remote places where there is almost no access of people.

In appearance, behavior and ecology, the white-tailed eagle is very similar to the American bald eagle, which for some ornithologists has become the reason for combining the two species into a superspecies.

Districts of the Ivanovo region

Verkhnelandekhovsky district.

It is located in the southeastern part of the region. From the east, west and north it is separated from other areas by massifs of mixed forests. The territory is 626 km2. The river Lukh flows from north to south along the border of the district. Dairy farming. They grow cereals, flax, potatoes, cabbage.

Vichugsky district.

Cattle breeding, sheep breeding, pig breeding. The area of ​​the territory is 1005 km2. Cattle breeding, sheep breeding, pig breeding. They grow wheat, rye, oats, barley, peas, potatoes, carrots, table beets, fodder.

Gavrilovo-Posadsky district.

Located in the southwest of the Ivanovo region. The area of ​​the territory is 960 km2. The area is located in a partly forested steppe climatic zone. The originality of the region is manifested in the presence of elements of a more southern zone in the south and south-west of the region. 12 rivers with a length of more than 10 km flow through the territory of the district, incl. Nerl, Irmes. 14 swamps with an area of ​​more than 100 hectares, 4 lakes. Dairy cattle breeding, pig breeding, horse breeding (Vladimir heavy trucks). They grow cereals, potatoes, cabbage, table beets, and carrots.

Zavolzhsky district.

Located on the left bank of the Volga River. It is rich in natural reservoirs: rivers, swamps, lakes. The entire southern part of the district is located on the banks of the Volga. The rivers Kistega, Koldoma, Loksha, Mera, Shokhma and many smaller rivers, which are tributaries of the Volga and other rivers, flow through the territory of the district. The entire watercourse feeds the Volga. There are about 40 swamps in the region, but 22 of them are already overgrown with forest. There are cranberry fields in the Leontievsky, Bely and other swamps, where lingonberries also grow. The Zavolzhsky region has unfavorable soils for growing cereals, and for this reason the yield of cereals, as well as potatoes, is lower here than in other regions. Meat and dairy cattle breeding. They grow cereals, flax, potatoes, vegetables, fodder.

Ivanovsky district.

Located in the center of the Ivanovo region. The area of ​​the territory is 1080 km2. Grow vegetables (ZG).

Ilyinsky district.

Located in the west of the Ivanovo region. Growing cereals.

Puchezhsky district.

Located in the east of the Ivanovo region. The area of ​​the territory is 784.6 km2. From the east it is washed by the waters of the Gorky reservoir. Meat and dairy cattle breeding.

Teikovsky district.

Located in the southwest of the Ivanovo region. The area of ​​the territory is 1290 km2. Grow potatoes.

Yuzhsky district.

Located in the southeast of the Ivanovo region. The area of ​​the territory is 1341 km2. The climate is temperate continental, with cold winters and relatively warm summers. The average annual temperature is +3.3°C, the coldest month of winter is January, the average daily temperature is -11.9°C, the warmest summer month is July, the average daily temperature is +18.6°C. Steady snow cover is established from mid-November. The duration of the period with snow cover is 150-160 days, the average snow depth is 40 cm. Most of the region belongs to the Balakhinskaya lowland. The Klyazma River flows along the southwestern border of the region, the width of the floodplain is 3-5 km. The Teza River (the left tributary of the Klyazma) flows in the western part of the region. The river valley is well developed, about 2 km wide, up to 5 km at the mouth. The third largest river - Lukh, flows in the eastern part of the region, has a winding channel with a large number of branches. There are 88 lakes in the region. Along with floodplain, residual glacial, there are lakes of karst (failure) origin, there are artificially created by man. Lake Svyatoe (Mugreevsky village) covers an area of ​​220 hectares, a depth of 4.6 m, of residual glacial origin. The second largest lake is Bogoyavlenskoye (Lamenskoye). Its area is 119 hectares, of karst origin, depth up to 7 m. The depth of the not too large Western Lake, which is not far from the village of Mosta, reaches 27 m. up to 12 m. In reservoirs you can catch pike, perch, carp, crucian carp, roach, bream, sterlet, pike perch, catfish, burbot, chub, carp, chebak, rudd, tench, ide, asp. Among the forest vegetation, pine forests predominate, along the depressions there are often aspen-birch undergrowth and thickets of willow and alder. There are more than 800 species of wild, alien and cultivated plants in the region, of which 600 are used in scientific and folk medicine. Bilberries, wild strawberries, raspberries grow in abundance, and in Lake Svyatoy - princess. Meat and dairy cattle breeding. grow cereals and potatoes.

Yuryevets district.

Located in the northeast of the Ivanovo region. The area of ​​the territory is 788 km2.

who ruled the city for many years. The rulers came from the Starodubsky family. The princes did not bother to enter information about their possessions in the annals. The first mention of Palekh dates back to the 17th century.
At this time, the lands had already been given by Tsar Mikhail Romanov to the stolnik Ivan Buturlin. The title is not connected with money, as it seems now. In Russia, the lower court ranks were called the stolnik, initially they served at the table in the palace. Later, during the time of Buturlin, any servants of the tsar began to be called this way.
Firebird - the flag of the city of Palekh

Under the new ruler, the Palekh principality became the center of icon painting. Now the technique developed by the inhabitants of the city is no longer associated only with a religious cult. In Palekh they paint caskets, furniture, cigarette cases. Palekh painting is highly valued; tempera serves as the material for it.

These are paints obtained by mixing dry pigments. Previously, such dyes were mined from natural raw materials. Antimony, for example, was processed into an orange powder. Other colors were also obtained from minerals and plants. Now Palekh masters also use synthetic analogues of natural pigments.
Palekhov tempera always includes gold. The composition is made on the basis of egg emulsion. This trick allows tempera to dry quickly, unlike the Fedoskino samples. Another plus is the ability to apply several layers, making complex, multifaceted patterns. Classical tempera dissolves when recoated.
Paints are applied to the varnish with which wooden products are processed. The background is usually made black, blue or red. The technique of lacquer miniatures is mastered at the art school. It bears the name of Maxim Gorky and is located on Shuiskaya Street.

You can also get acquainted with the ancient craft at the lacquer miniature factory. Excursion groups and even single travelers are allowed into the room. The products of the enterprise were purchased for private collections and public museums by Spaniards, Japanese, Belgians, Americans.

Roquel Kent even left a note in the guest book of the Palekh State Museum of Art: “The creations of the masters of this city deserve to be among the greatest works of all time.” Kent is a famous artist from the USA, his opinion has weight in creative circles.

_________________________________________________________________________________________
SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
Author of the article Anna Parysheva, Rabochy Krai
Nature of the Ivanovo region
Sights of the Ivanovo region.

Geography of the Ivanovo region.

Wikipedia site
Gorky reservoir - state register.

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The first mention of Ivanovo dates back to 1561 and, according to legend, is associated with the name of Ivan the Terrible, although according to some data, which, unfortunately, are not confirmed by historical documents, the village of Ivan is mentioned as early as 1328.

June 20, 2003 Ivanovo region celebrated the 85th anniversary of its founding. The starting point of the history of the region, as an independent region officially formalized in administrative-territorial terms, is the decision of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR, which decided to form the Ivanovo-Voznesensk province, the successor of which soon became the Ivanovo region. This historical resolution for the region was adopted on June 20, 1918, so this day is rightfully considered the birthday of the Ivanovo region.

Ivanovo region is relatively young. However, its formation as a single economic and political organism began long before it appeared on the map of the country. The territory of the present Ivanovo region is located in the very heart of Russia - on the Upper Volga - in the center of the ancient Russian lands of the Vladimir-Rostov opole.

The first mention of Ivanovo dates back to 1561 and, according to legend, is associated with the name of Ivan the Terrible, although according to some data, which, unfortunately, are not confirmed by historical documents, the village of Ivan is mentioned as early as 1328. Judging by the chronicles, the most ancient city of our region is Yuryevets (1225), and according to the results of archaeological excavations, the cities already existed in the pre-Mongolian period - Shuya (associated with the famous princely family of the Shuiskys), Kineshma, Plyos, Gavrilov Posad, Kokhma.

As in other territories of the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality, many Orthodox churches were built, monasteries were founded.

Ivanovo region has been one of the centers of weaving and processing of flax in Russia since ancient times. Already in the first third of the 19th century, Ivanovo and the villages and villages surrounding it, the county towns of Shuya and Kineshma, were firmly established as a textile region. The region produced most of the cotton products of Russia, it was compared with England, at that time famous for its textiles. Ivanovo - with Manchester. Shuyu - with Liverpool. At the largest fairs, a “special row” is opened, called Ivanovo.

By the end of the 19th century, as a result of the rapid development of industry after the emancipation of the peasants in 1861, a number of large economic regions had developed in Russia. One of them was the Ivanovo-Voznesensky industrial region, covering the northern industrial districts of the Vladimir province and the southern industrial districts of the Kostroma province. This factory region was divided right along its middle by the administrative border between the Vladimir (Shuisky district) and Kostroma (Kineshma and Yuryevets counties) provinces. This border arose as early as 1778, when during the reign of Catherine II a new division of the Russian Empire into provinces was established. It lasted 140 years - from 1778 to 1918.

The border seriously impeded the economic, political and cultural development of the region, which was a single economic complex. It was based on a large factory industry. In 1914, about 156 thousand workers worked at the enterprises of the region, represented today by the Ivanovo region. The population of the region totaled 1 million 100 thousand people. The industrial specialization of the region was exceptionally homogeneous - mainly cotton and linen fabrics were produced here.

The unofficial center of the "chintz kingdom", as our region was called, its capital was the city of Ivanovo-Voznesensk - by status a city without a county, subordinate to Shuya. Therefore - despite the fact that Ivanovo-Voznesensk in its industrial development far outstripped such provincial centers as Vladimir and Kostroma - there were practically no administrative institutions in the city, very little government funding was allocated for improvement, public education and health care. Before the revolution, there were several dozen enterprises that employed about 30 thousand people. The population of the city was 160 thousand people.

The textile region had not only a “capital”, but also its own “front door” - Kineshma played its role, through which the entire region was supplied with cotton, oil, bread along the Volga, and finished products were sold. Railway lines ran across the region from north to south and from southwest to northeast, linking the main industrial centers of the region. Within the textile region, strong economic ties have been established over the years. The spinning mills supplied the weaving mills with yarn, the latter supplied the finishing mills with harshness. Machine-building and chemical industries served the needs of the textile industry, supplied castings and spare parts for machine tools, chemicals for finishing production.

There were also important political reasons for uniting the artificially divided parts of the region. After all, Ivanovo-Voznesensk was at that time one of the centers of the revolutionary labor movement, which was the core of political processes in the country. It was here in 1905 that the Soviets of Workers' Deputies arose - the prototype of the Soviet power that won in 1917.

All this was also taken into account when creating a new province. And yet, the main thing was that the division of our economic region between the two provinces, its "administrative lack of rights", objectively hampered both the development of the region itself and the country as a whole.

These economic and political prerequisites mainly determined the formation of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk province. The corresponding unification movement began even before October 1917 - after the February Revolution. It was attended by the widest circles of the public, both bourgeois and people's democratic. But in practice, the question of creating a new province began to be decided immediately after October 1917.

Already on December 6-7, 1917, the first congress of Soviets, trade unions, factory committees, cooperatives, city and zemstvo self-governments of the Ivanovo-Voznesensky industrial region considered the issue of creating the Ivanovo-Kineshma province and decided to immediately begin practical work. At the congress, an executive committee, commissariats of labor and industry were formed, the influence of which extended to our region.

On January 28-29, 1918, the II Congress of Soviets of the Ivanovo-Kineshma region declared itself the provincial founding congress. New departments of the executive committee were created, and the district executive committee itself was renamed into the provincial one, headed by M.V. Frunze.

Another step towards the organization of the province was taken at the III Congress of Soviets of the Ivanovo-Voznesensk region on April 21-24, 1918. At this congress, the specific boundaries of the province were outlined. The delegates decided to go to the government with a request to create a new province and approve its borders.

The organization of the new province did not go smoothly. Lack of experience, knowledge, qualified personnel. A cautious, wait-and-see position was occupied by fairly wide sections of the region's peasantry. A number of influential party and Soviet workers from Vladimir and Kostroma opposed the work begun. But the process was already irreversible.

On June 20, 1918, Ivanovo-Voznesensk Governorate was approved by a resolution of the collegium under the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs, with the center in the city of Ivanovo-Voenenesssk as part of the territories determined by the III Congress of Soviets of the Ivanovo-Kineshma region. This day is considered the birthday of the Ivanovo region.

The past years and historical experience allow us to say today that the creation of a new province was justified, immediately gave a powerful impetus to the development of our region, its economic, social and cultural growth.

Relying on the acquired provincial status, from the end of 1918, the Ivanovo people began to gradually start up the stopped factories and factories, to establish food supplies for the starving population.

The formation of an independent province made it possible in 1920-1924 to completely restore the economic potential of the region. In 1918 - early 1920s, a polytechnic institute and an institute of public education, a local history museum, a public library, a House of Education Workers, a socio-economic technical school, a number of general education schools, and health care institutions were opened in Ivanovo-Voznesensk.

The powerful potential of the Ivanovo-Voznesenskaya province was used to the maximum for the industrialization of the country in the late 20s and in the 30s of the XX century. It cannot be considered accidental that the center of the new industrial region, created in January 1929, was precisely the Ivanovo-Voznesensk province, which united the Vladimir, Kostroma and Yaroslavl provinces around itself. The region was named the Ivanovo industrial region. Its creation made it possible to solve many of the most important issues of economic and cultural development of both those regions that were part of it, and the country as a whole. Note that due to economic and cultural prerequisites, the Ivanovo region was again in the center of events. It was during this period that IvGRES, the Melange Plant, the Ivtorfmash plants and them were put into operation in Ivanovo. Koroleva, a bread and meat processing plant, a fish factory, and a number of other enterprises. On the basis of the Polytechnic Institute, four independent universities and a number of technical schools were founded. About twenty new schools have been opened. A circus, a drama theater, cinemas, the Tekstilshchik stadium, a post office, and a railway station were built. The regional radio, automatic telephone exchange started working, tram and bus traffic was opened. Housing construction has become widespread. The same picture was typical for all the centers and corners of the Ivanovo industrial region.

During the Great Patriotic War, thousands of Ivanovo residents participated in the defense of our Motherland. Many of them did not return home... Ivanovtsy fought with honor against foreign invaders. Their contribution to the cause of the Victory is appreciated - 156 of our countrymen were awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union, 20 were awarded Orders of Glory of three degrees.

Our textile region is the birthplace of a whole galaxy of outstanding Soviet military leaders:

A.M. Vasilevsky - Marshal of the Soviet Union, Chief of the General Staff (1942-45, 1946-48), Minister of War of the USSR (1949-53), twice holder of the Order of Victory, twice Hero of the Soviet Union;

S.F. Zhavoronkov - Air Marshal;

A.V. Gorbatov - General of the Army, Hero of the Soviet Union;

N.M. Khlebnikov - Colonel General, Hero of the Soviet Union;

P.A. Belov - Colonel General, Hero of the Soviet Union;

L.M. Sandalov - Colonel-General and others.

During the war, Ivanovo people selflessly worked in the rear, producing products needed by the front.

In the post-war period, the population of the region restored the national economy, and not only the traditional textile industry, but also mechanical engineering and other industries received rapid development. Such large-scale production facilities as the Ivanovo heavy machine tool plant, automobile cranes, textile machines, carding machines, a number of machine-building plants and industries in the regional cities of the region were put into operation.

Similar to the 20-30s in terms of economic growth was the period of the late 50s - early 60s, when Ivanovo became the center of the Upper Volga economic region, where the activities of the Upper Volga Council of the National Economy (Sovnarkhoz) - a large regional economic association in the north-east of the European part of Russia. It is obvious that the choice of the city of Ivanovo as the economic center of the region was a logical decision in this case as well.

As we can see, the Ivanovo region lived and developed together with the whole country, experienced ups and downs, achieved success and suffered defeat. And summing up what has been said, again and again analyzing the living connection of times, we come to the conclusion: the creation of our region is a natural, logical, necessary thing. Only on the path of consolidating all the forces of the population of the Ivanovo region, strengthening the existing economic, social and cultural ties, it is possible to solve the problems facing the country, the textile region, and each of us today. Our strength has always been and will always be in unity!

The life and work of such outstanding figures of Russian science, culture and art as the astronomer F. A. Bredikhin is connected with the Ivanovo land; Russian playwright A. N. Ostrovsky; the famous traveler Admiral G. I. Nevelskoy; artists I. I. Levitan, A. K. Savrasov, I. E. Repin, V. V. Vereshchagin, B. M. Kustodiev, paleshan brothers G. G. and N. G. Chernetsov, I. I. Golikov ; scientist N. N. Benardos (inventor of electric welding); scientist I. V. Tsvetaev (father of the poetess Marina Tsvetaeva); writers P. A. Zarubin, A. A. Potekhin, P. I. Melnikov-Pechersky, V. G. Korolenko, D. A. Furmanov; poets S. F. Ryskin, M. A. Dudin; composers A. P. Borodin, S. V. Rachmaninov, D. D. Shostakovich, A. I. Khachaturian and many others.

Russian Civilization

An article on the topic "The flora of the Ivanovo region" for students in grades 7-9

An article on the topic "The flora of the Ivanovo region" to the lessons of geographical local history

Skorykh Nadezhda Evgenievna, Deputy Director for VR, teacher of geography and history, Cherntsk boarding school for orphans and children left without parental care with disabilities, Ivanovo region
Description: the article is intended for students in grades 7-9, tourists and a wide range of readers interested in geography and local history of the Ivanovo region.
Target: acquaintance with the beauty of the flora of the Ivanovo region.
Tasks:
- develop cognitive interest in nature, observation;
- to cultivate love for the world around and the need to preserve natural resources.
Our wonderful native land,
Oak forests, thickets, forests and fields.
I love roads, meadows, shores,
And the earth is dear to every heart.
Iris Revue

Forests are the main type of vegetation in the Ivanovo region. The distribution of forests across the region is uneven. The most common are coniferous forests (53% of the forest area), in which the main species are spruce, pine and, in artificial plantations, Sukachev's larch. Usually in coniferous forests there is an admixture of small-leaved species of birch, aspen, and alder. Large areas (46.6%) are occupied by small-leaved forests with a predominance of birch, alder, aspen with an admixture of conifers. The border between the subzone of the southern taiga and mixed forests, represented by complex spruce forests with an admixture of pedunculate oak, small-leaved linden and Norway maple, passes through the territory of the Ivanovo region. Coniferous and coniferous-broad-leaved forests are considered primary forest types, and spruce, pine, oak and linden are considered primary forest types.
Lush oak forests with powerful trees grow in the floodplain of the Klyazma River. We say "oak forest", in fact, this is the upper tree layer, which, in addition to oak, is formed by linden and elm, maple and other broad-leaved species. Below is the second tier of other trees: Tatar maple, bird cherry. And even lower is a dense shrub layer, consisting of forest hazel, euonymus, honeysuckle. Oaks here are large, durable, they are a kind of personification of strength and beauty. A huge tent of branches is supported by a powerful trunk with several girths over 20 meters in height. And with such dimensions, this is far from the limit of oak growth.


The natural vegetation cover of the region is also made up of floodplain and upland meadows, which are unusual for the mixture of colors of the flowery meadow carpet. It is pleasant to admire and inhale with full breasts the incomparable aroma of honey herbs under the flooding chirp and "green singers" - grasshoppers and the quiet buzz of bees.


In the Ivanovo region, there are about 900 species of higher plants (without mosses), belonging to 102 families.
The flora of our region is rich north arctic elements, characteristic of the tundra zone. These include many marsh plants: marsh cranberry, common marsh myrtle, marsh wild rosemary, blueberry, cotton grass, black crowberry, marsh saxifrage, cloudberry, round-leaved sundew, etc.


(Cranberry marsh)
To northern elements include plants of coniferous forests: common spruce, two-leaved mullet, European septum, common sorrel, etc.


(European weekday)
To medium - European elements include: pedunculate oak, small-leaved linden, Norway maple, common hazel. Of the herbaceous plants, European hoof, corydalis, oak stubble, crow's eye, obscure lungwort, etc. are common.


(Acer maple)
Meet in our area steppe elements who came to us from the south: oak maryanik, mountain clover, strawberries, spiked veronica, sleep - grass, etc.


(Sleep is grass)
The flora of the Ivanovo region plays an important role in the successful development of the recreational economy. Forests make the natural environment healthy and habitable.
Forests are used for walks and hiking trips, tourist rallies, picnics, orienteering competitions, athletics and cross-country skiing, picking mushrooms, berries, nuts, medicinal raw materials, hunting, etc.
For recreational activities associated with a long stay in the forest, pine forests, birch groves and oak forests are most favorable. In these forests there are sanatoriums, rest houses, tourist camps, children's health camps and children's summer cottages. Nature itself created this amazingly beautiful place for the sanatorium "Green Town" located in the village of Lomy, 15 kilometers from the city of Ivanovo. The picturesque landscape on the banks of the fast clean river Vostra, the silence of the pine forest, clean air filled with the scent of pine needles make this place attractive for those who want to improve their health.


(Sanatorium "Green Town")
For the rest of children in the territory of the Ivanovsky district there is a children's sanatorium and health camp of the year-round action "Birch Grove".
On May 8, the All-Russian cultural and patriotic action "Forest of Victory" was held in the Ivanovo region. As part of the project, memorial alleys have been created in the region, forests and individual nominal trees (spruces and pines) have been planted.
I'm in the scorching summer heat
I will enter the cool forest,
So this is the real one
The world of fairy tales and miracles.
I will find a cold spring,
I'll drink his water
And dignifiedly
I will go my own way.
Nature gives bliss
And gives strength
Oh, I would like free birds
Feel the flight.
Nature is the muse
What needs to be preserved
Cargo liability
Don't let go of your shoulders!
Oksana Varnikova
References:
Cartographic basis - Ivanovo expedition No. 133, 2007

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