The history of the evolution of military uniforms. Modern military uniform (VKPO) - equipment of soldiers of the Russian army

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary school No. 9"

Story

HISTORY OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE MILITARY NATIONAL FORM

Pozdnyakova Ekaterina Dmitrievna, 7 "A"

Supervisor :

Borisova A. V.,

teacher of history and social studies

Abakan, 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction............................................... ...............................................2

2.Chapter 1. Pre-revolutionary form .............................................. ..........5

3. Chapter 2. Evolution of the domestic form of the post-revolutionary period ............................................ ................................................. ..........................fourteen

4.Chapter 3. The history of the modern domestic military uniform ..... 21

Conclusion................................................. ...........................................26

Bibliographic list .................................................................. .................27

INTRODUCTION

Leafing through a family album, we found that black and white photographs of great-grandfathers and grandfathers awe and admiration in us. What causes such feelings? Their open faces, sincere smile, outward kindred similarity… The main thing is that they are all dressed in military uniform!

We were interested in the fact that the military uniform looks different. The style of the great-grandfather's uniform - a soldier of the Tsarist Army - differs from the uniforms of grandfathers who fought in the Great Patriotic War, and does not at all resemble the military suits of their parents - officers of the Russian Army. What is the reason for such a difference, where does the fashion of a military uniform come from?

With this question, we went to the Khakassian National Museum of Local Lore named after L. R. Kyzlasov. And here's what we found out:

Since ancient times, mankind has been conducting military operations, protecting its territories and conquering new lands. Warriors put on a certain outfit - a military uniform. Initially, such clothing served to protect vital organs from damaging factors, for example, chain mail protected from arrows. With the development of military technology, the military uniform is undergoing changes. In addition to protective and camouflage, the military uniform is gradually becoming practical, comfortable, aesthetic and even fashionable. The requirements for a modern military uniform are quite high - the same in style, cut, color, strictly regulated in appearance, it indicates that a soldier belongs to one or another armed forces.

In view of the approaching anniversary of the Great Victory, it becomes obvious relevance of the presented work: it is necessary to learn more about the heroes of the war who wore military uniforms. We consider it important for the development of patriotism among modern teenagers and the emergence of a sense of pride in the deeds of the heroes of their country, to interest young people in the history of the evolution of military uniforms. Maybe they want to know more about their relatives who took part in hostilities, they themselves decide to wear military uniforms, to defend their people and their homeland. I would also like to note that the information received during the research will be useful to me in life: I will definitely try to pass it on to my descendants.

Purpose of the study: to study the history of the evolution of domestic military fashion and analyze changes in the details of domestic military uniforms at different historical stages of time based on a study of museum exhibits, data from scientific literature and photographs of the family album.

Tasks:

Examine museum exhibits on the topic under study,

To study the principles and factors of changing military uniforms,

Learn more about the fate of relatives who wore military uniforms.

Consider photographs from the family archive of the author of the study related to the topic of the work.

Subject of study: military history of Russia.

Object of study: military uniform at different time stages of national history.

A military uniform or uniform is the clothing of military personnel that is mandatory for wearing in the armed forces of the country and other formations in the public service. The military uniform in various variations has been known since ancient times among different peoples and civilizations. .

The evolution of the domestic military uniform took place at all stages of the existence of Russia, depending on a variety of reasons: from the personal preferences of the country's leaders, from fashion trends and practical considerations. In all the intricacies of changes in military uniforms, we have to figure it out in our study!

CHAPTER 1. PRE-REVOLUTIONARY FORM

The history of military fashion begins from ancient times. It is generally accepted that a uniform military costume, designed to distinguish between military units, appeared in the armies in the 17th century. However, the existence of special color combinations for military suits is also found in earlier times. Studying the exhibits of the museum, we find a reconstruction of the Ancient Turkic warrior at the turn of the 1st-2nd millennium AD.

A male warrior is dressed in chain mail covering his back, chest and shoulders, a helmet protecting his head and face, a mandatory attribute is a shield covering the frontal part of the body.

At this stand, we studied the items of clothing and weapons of the Kyrgyz warrior of the 16th-17th centuries. The exhibits are well preserved to this day, because they are made of metal. The main function of these suits is to protect vital organs from damaging factors - spears and arrows. We cannot judge the aesthetic side, perhaps in those days a man in such armor was considered the standard of fashion and style, albeit a little clumsy and bulky. Most importantly, he could protect himself and his land.

We have studied the exhibits of the Khakassian National Museum of Local Lore named after L. R. Kyzlasov, concerning the military uniform, but the full exposition of the military suit is in the archives and will be shown only by May 9th. Unfortunately, access to the archives is closed. To learn more about military fashion, I turned to the online Museum of Military Uniforms in the Moscow region. And here's what we found out:

The form, style and material of military clothing remained almost unchanged until the 17th century. We see how clothes change with the invention of small arms and gunpowder. Gunpowder was invented in the 12th century, but it was only in the 17th century that they began to be used in the military industry. Therefore, since the 17th century, military uniforms have undergone significant changes.

Armor of a warrior of the 7th-9th centuries. n. e.

Local army of shootersXVI century.

Armor of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich of the XVII century.

It is important to note that the replacement of clothes traditional for Russia in the army with European ones, as well as the ban on nobles to wear other types of costume, except for European ones, were among the reforms of Peter I, which were of a certain symbolic nature.

The period of the reign of Pavel and Pavlovich is called the heyday of the systematization of military uniforms in Russia. If Peter I was the initiator of the unification of clothing for the military, not having time, however, to finish it because of the war with the Swedes, then throughout the 18th century the Russian military uniform changed according to the canons laid down by them. We remember the adherence of Paul I to the Prussian uniform traditions, but also we must not forget that Peter I, among other things, borrowed samples of military uniforms from the Germans to bring them into the Russian army. First of all, we are talking about the Saxons, who were allies of the Russian Empire in the Northern War. It can be seen that in this period one of the predominant colors was red, which was the color of the uniforms of the Saxon soldiers.

After the accession to the throne of the new Emperor Alexander I, "epaulettes and buttonholes" again become an integral part of the life of the Russian army. Despite the fact that the cut of the uniform has changed, its essence remained "Pavlovian". The uniform, unlike military clothing in the 18th century, is already becoming an integral part of the life of Russian society. This can be explained quite simply: the Russian emperors were primarily military people who received military upbringing and education. The army was ideal for them since childhood. Even among the civil servants of the empire, it is difficult to name a person who, at least in his youth, at least for several years, would not wear an officer's uniform. On the one hand, the reason for this lay in the continuous wars waged by Russia at that time, on the other hand, in the fact that uniforms are gradually becoming mandatory, including for civilian departments.

By the beginning of the 30s. XIX century, the unification of the military uniform was completed. There are no longer any differences in the rules for wearing it. The main color of the Nikolaev soldiers is a dark green uniform with red trim. After the 50s. unification and the triumph of the standard will decline. But Alexander II will carry out cardinal changes precisely in the military sphere - he will begin with a change in the cut of the uniform in 1855 in the entire army, and will end with the introduction of the law on universal military service, while at the same time changing the appearance of the military uniform once again.

Alexander III, known as the peacemaker tsar, did not welcome the waging of wars, and he introduced a military uniform that would suit his aesthetic tastes - monotonous and modest, which, as the emperor thought, took its roots in folk clothes. This modest "folk" style prevailed in the clothing of the Russian army until 1907, when, under the influence of defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, the government tried to raise the morale of the army by introducing a new military uniform. The new samples were distinguished by the combination of different types of uniforms that were used in the Russian army from 1812 to 1881. With all this, in addition to the bright dress uniform, a field uniform, a protective color, was also introduced, which was the same for all military branches. In 1913, the last attempt was made to combine dress and field uniforms, by fastening bright details such as a lapel or epaulette on the latter, but due to the outbreak of the First World War, this idea was not fully realized.

Private of the Kyiv Hussars in full dress, 1845-1855

Military Uniform Museum in the Moscow Region

Studying the military uniform of the pre-revolutionary period, we decided to turn to the family archive of the Abakan Pozdnyakov family.

This 1910 photograph is the only photograph of the author's great-grandfather! The Pozdnyakov family cherishes this picture very much, since in the thirties of the last century, great-grandfather was repressed and all his property was taken away. Miraculously, this photo survived. In the picture, the great-grandfather of the author of the study, Zholobov Nikandr Galaktionovich, is only 20 years old. In the picture, he is on the right, dressed in the military uniform of the Tsarist Army. It can be seen that three comrades serve together in the same troops, captured at a joyful moment, perhaps they sang to the accordion. All three have smiles on their faces, a dashing look, their boots are polished to a shine ... How could they imagine that this is how their great-grandchildren will remember them.

You involuntarily realize that a military uniform and epaulettes impose a certain responsibility, encourage deeds and even feats, change the way of life ...

CHAPTER 2. EVOLUTION OF THE DOMESTIC FORM AFTER THE REVOLUTIONARY TIME

For the first time after the 1917 revolution, the Red Army introduced a uniform uniform for all military personnel and uniform insignia for command personnel in 1919. By order number 116 of January 16, 1919, the RVSR introduced sleeve insignia for commanding officers: for junior command personnel, red cloth triangles under a red star, for middle officers, squares, and for senior officers, rhombuses and buttonholes with colors according to military branches.

Military Uniform Museum in the Moscow Region

The multi-colored form of the XVIII-XIX centuries has sunk into summer. Soon, the past "colorful" was replaced by an almost monotonous Soviet uniform: by order of April 8, 1919, the first uniforms were approved: a helmet, infantry and cavalry overcoats with three stripes-tapes on the chest made of colored cloth according to the type of troops, leather bast shoes and a summer shirt with three stripes of cloth on the chest in color according to the type of troops .

In 1924, when the military reform was carried out, the army switched to a new uniform, more simplified. Breast flaps and sleeve insignia were abolished, buttonholes were sewn on the overcoat and tunic. Metal insignia covered with red enamel were attached to the buttonholes: for the highest command staff - rhombuses, for the senior - rectangles, for the middle - squares and for the junior - triangles. The numbers of the regiments were indicated on the buttonholes of the Red Army men.

A unified system of military ranks in the army for the entire command and command staff was introduced in 19433, at the same time shoulder straps were also introduced. Thus, the Soviet military uniform takes on a modern look.

Introduced in 1943, the system of insignia of military ranks as a whole remained unchanged until the time of the collapse of the USSR, the transformation of the remnants of the Soviet Army into the Russian Army in 1992-94. There were only partial changes.

Military Uniform Museum in the Moscow Region

Clothes of the commander-in-chief of the Victory parade 1945

For a more detailed acquaintance with the features of the military uniform of the post-revolutionary period, we again turned to the archives of the Pozdnyakov family.

The yellowed photographs of the times of the Great Patriotic War presented below show the great-uncle of the author of the study - Chugunov Alexei Ermilovich. The style of the military uniform is quite simple and practical. The breeches are interesting, narrowed from the knees and significantly expanded at the hips. In such trousers it is not only convenient to wear boots, but also to sit on a horse.

We were able to learn the detailed fate of the grandfather from his daughter, the aunt of the author of the study, who lives in Moscow. Alexey Ermilovich was born in 1925 in Siberia. When the war began, he was 16 years old. From November 1941 to January 1943, grandfather was the commander of a partisan detachment near the city of Ruza (Moscow region)

From January 1943 to September 1943 - cadet of the machine gun regiment.

Since 1943 - commander of the 17/20 anti-aircraft artillery regiment of the first tank corps Bryansk, then the first Baltic Front, since 1945. - Belorussian front.

He met the victory in Köniksberg and was immediately transferred east to the Russo-Japanese War, then served in Chukotka. After the war, Alexey Ermilovich worked as the first secretary of the regional party committee in Ruza, then in Moscow. He died in 1999 and was buried in Moscow. His military uniform and awards are exhibits of the local history museum in the city of Ruza.

This photo shows the great-grandfather and great-grandmother of the author of the study in the form of a sample of the Great Patriotic War: Urzhuntsev Vasily Markelovich (1920-1986) and Urzhuntseva Evdokia Georgievna (1924-1997) served together during the Great Patriotic War in the Tenth Air Army, after the war they got married and lived a long and happy life. They were buried in Makeevka, Donetsk region.

This photograph from the archive of the Pozdnyakov family shows the great-uncle of the author of the work - Abrosimov Ivan Vasilyevich 1920-1996. He served in the infantry troops on the Leningrad front. He was wounded and buried in the village of Kop'yevo, Ordzhenekidze district of the Republic of Khakassia. In his wardrobe, we see an invariable attribute of the military uniform during the Russian winter - a hat with earflaps and felt boots.

The first noticeable change in military uniforms took place only in 1955, when colored piping was canceled on the field shoulder straps of sergeants and soldiers. Emblems of the armed forces of the green color are introduced, located just below the button, and not in the center of the shoulder strap. Because of this, the rank stripes have shifted a little lower in the shoulder strap. Uniform red patches changed color to burgundy and brown.

"Daily colored epaulettes of soldiers and sergeants since December 1955 also lost their colored piping, the emblem also moved to the button, and the stripes of golden (yellow) color for command staff and silver (grayish-white) for everyone else also shifted slightly down" . It is important that with the liquidation of the cavalry as a branch of the military, blue shoulder straps were canceled.

With the introduction in 1970 of a new uniform for soldiers, sergeants and cadets, only three primary colors of shoulder straps were left: for motorized riflemen and as a combined arms one - scarlet; for aviation and airborne forces - blue; for all other military branches - black. Somewhat later, the letter "K" was introduced on the shoulder straps of cadets of military schools. Shoulder straps and buttonholes on the entire uniform of soldiers and sergeants, without exception, became colored with golden stripes. Khaki shoulder straps with red stripes remained only on field soldier and sergeant uniforms.

CHAPTER 3. HISTORY OF THE MODERN DOMESTIC MILITARY FORM

Since the autumn of 1991, the nascent national armies of the former Soviet republics of the USSR have introduced their own insignia. In Russia, the creation of the Russian Army will be officially proclaimed by Decree of the President of Russia No. 466 of May 7, 1992. However, the former uniforms and insignia will legally exist until Decree of the President of Russia No. 1010 of 23 May 1994 on the introduction of uniforms and insignia of the Russian Army.

But in general, for a long time, a mixture of old and new could be found in the army: if by 2000 officers wore mostly new insignia and uniforms, then to a greater extent sergeants and soldiers still wear the signs of the Soviet Army. So, for example, on Soviet-style shoulder straps with the letters "SA" one could see new sergeant insignia. Or, on the contrary, Soviet sergeant stripes on shoulder straps of a new model.

These 1992 photographs from the Pozdnyakov family archive show the author's parents in field and everyday cadet uniforms. From their stories, you can find out with what excitement and awe they put on military uniforms for the first time. After all, by putting on a uniform and shoulder straps, you become responsible for your people and homeland.

Surprisingly, not only the representatives of the stronger sex like the military uniform. The photographs above are of the author's mother in 1993. According to her stories, the attractiveness of the military uniform also lies in the fact that the uniform even hides figure defects, giving harmony and elegance. Girls in military uniform on the streets of Tomsk caught the admiring glances of passers-by. From young people wishing to get acquainted, there was no passage. For some, military uniforms even helped to arrange their personal lives - this is another advantage of military uniforms!

This photo shows the father of the author of the presented work during the passing of the test in physical education. He is wearing a field military uniform of an officer of the Russian Army. Camouflage coloring allows you to perfectly camouflage in combat conditions, the cotton base of the fabric performs the function of thermoregulation during significant physical exertion, the free cut does not interfere with active movements, and many pockets make the uniform comfortable and stylish. The neckline, cuffs of sleeves and pants fit snugly to the body, protecting against tick bites, mosquitoes, snakes.

Comfortable shoes made of genuine leather with lacing and a high shank in the form of berets allow you to move freely in any climatic and geographical conditions with any physical exertion. The head is protected by a camouflaged cotton-based cap with a visor and drop-down ears.

This military uniform has no flaws. It is multifunctional, practical, comfortable, performs protective and masking functions. It is no coincidence that modern designers use this style in modern clothes, calling it military.

Photographs were also found in the family archive, which show models of parade military uniforms of the parents of the author of the study:

In this picture, dad and colleagues after the Victory Day parade on May 9, 2008. We see the dress suit of an officer of the Russian Army. It is decorated with an aiguillette, gold-colored shoulder straps and buttons, emphasizing the solemnity of the moment.

In this picture, the author's parents are shown in full dress uniform of the navy in the city of Severomorsk. Dad does not have aiguillettes here, but there is a dagger on his belt, stripes on the collar in gold in the form of oak leaves (the so-called oaks). The full dress uniform of a female officer is not so elegant, it differs from the everyday one only in the white color of the shirt. I think it suits my mom.

So on May 9, 2014, in the military-patriotic game "Lasertak", the author of the study and his team were partially dressed in military uniforms. It is convenient, comfortable, safe to run, jump, crawl, even dirt is not visible!

In this picture, we are with a tourist club on Ergaki, almost half of the tourists have elements of a military uniform in their clothes, because practicality, convenience and safety are valued in such trips in clothes. It is no coincidence that the military style is so relevant in our time.

CONCLUSION

Thus, just as the fate of the army is inextricably linked with the fate of society, so the army is connected with its military clothing. Studying the history of the uniform not only at the everyday level, but also as the development of a system of military regulation or a sign system, one can see another facet in the study of the history of the Russian army and the Russian state as a whole.

Studying the history of military fashion, we learned not only about the styles, characteristics, functions of the military uniform of various times and peoples, but also learned in more detail about our relatives who wore military uniforms and fought in the Great Patriotic War. After all, before, leafing through a family album, we simply liked to look at people in military uniforms. Now we know the fate of these people close to us, our ancestors. After all, it was they who defended our country, preserved the peace and gave us the opportunity to be born and live under a peaceful sky. I will try to preserve and pass on the memory of them to my descendants.

Surprisingly, while preparing the material of this research work, the author of the study unexpectedly wrote a poem, with which we conclude our study:

Great-grandfather bequeathed.

Let the age is small and there is no gray hair,

I remember my relatives who brought peace to the country!

My great-grandfather fought, defended Russia

I see how my father tied his fate

To serve the Fatherland and in childhood said:

Your great-grandfather fought, defended Russia

Why are we all quarreling then, neighbor?

After all, we have been living on the same land for many years.

Our great-grandfather fought, defended the Fatherland

And I want to live in a cloudless country

And tell the children about that terrible war,

How great-grandfather fought, defended Russia

REFERENCES

1. Arkharova A.S. Patriotic education in the educational system of the school // Regional studies aspects of the education of a citizen of Russia. Abstracts of the scientific-practical conference. - Ryazan, 2001. -S. 98.

2. Gruzdov E.V. Heraldry behind semiotics and symbology // Culturological research in Siberia. - Omsk, 2000. - No. 1 - S. 44-53.

3. Dmitriev V.D. The male. Warrior. Okhotnik. − REM, St. Petersburg, 2014−S.12-19.

4. Zenkov Yu.V. Serve the Motherland. -Kaliningrad, 2000. -110 p.

5. Smirnov A. A soldier must be ... decorated // Motherland. - 1995. - No. 1 - S. 84-88.

12. [Electronic resource]: military uniform museum in the Moscow region

Arkharova A.S. Patriotic education in the educational system of the school // Regional studies aspects of the education of a citizen of Russia. Abstracts of the scientific-practical conference. - Ryazan, 2001. - S. 98.

Gruzdov E.V. Heraldry behind semiotics and symbology // Culturological research in Siberia. - Omsk, 2000. - No. 1 - S. 44-53.

Annotation. The article tells about the emergence of women's military uniforms, the features of its modeling and tailoring, as well as the procedure for applying, if necessary, elements of men's uniforms by female soldiers.

Summary . The article tells about the origin of women's military uniform, especially its modeling and sewing, as well as on application by servicewomen of elements of men's military uniform.

FROM THE HISTORY OF MILITARY EQUIPMENT AND EQUIPMENT

PECHEYKIN Alexander Valerievich- Leading Researcher of the Central Border Museum of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, Candidate of Historical Sciences (Moscow. E-mail: [email protected])

WOMEN'S MILITARY UNIFORM - SPECIAL CARE

When it comes to the contribution of women to the military history of mankind in general and the development of women's military clothing in particular, the Amazons are, of course, first of all remembered. However, alas, the mythical tribe of beautiful warriors did not create anything independent from the point of view of the evolution of military clothing. Judging by ancient sculptures, the Amazons wore ordinary women's attire, supplemented with weapons and equipment1.

If the Amazons are a semi-legendary phenomenon, although Herodotus, and after him some later historians, perceived them as a historical fact, then much more is known about Joan of Arc. But she did not dress in any special way, but used men's clothes and men's armor, which, by the way, became one of the points of her accusation in court.

In March-April 1787, as part of the festive events dedicated to the visit of Catherine II of the Crimea, G.A. Potemkin created the so-called Amazon company consisting of 100 "noble wives and daughters of the Balaklava Greeks." True, there is no documentary evidence of this, but there are several indirect indications of this fact, including a fragment from the memoirs of the Austrian prince Sh.Zh. de Lin, who accompanied the empress, and a note by E.I. Shidyanskaya, who commanded a company. Judging by these testimonies, they did not create special clothes for the "Potemkin Amazons" - they wore their usual festive attire, but uniform in color. As for the weapons, they received them on loan from the arsenals of the Hellenic Infantry Regiment.

Other examples can be cited, but they will all be exceptions, confirming the general rule: before the First World War, women were practically not involved in military service, so there was no need for a special uniform.

Nevertheless, there were still single copies of the female military uniform, in particular, the so-called uniform dress, which was a combination of the uniform of one or another regiment and dress. Repeating the uniform colors, it was cut like a uniform above the waist, and below the waist it became a dress. It is not possible to say reliably in which country and when exactly it appeared. In Russia, for example, it was used by Elizaveta Petrovna on the days of the Guards regimental holidays, and sometimes at parades. By the middle of the 18th century, uniform dress had become commonplace, but only women - heads of state or regimental chiefs - had the right to wear it.

A more or less massive entry of women into the army began at the end of the 19th century, which forced the command to take care of the appropriate form of clothing. So, in Great Britain in 1881, the Imperial Military Nursing Service of Queen Alexandra was founded, and the following year, volunteer auxiliary detachments of the Society for the Assistance of St. John and the British Red Cross Society. But women began to serve not only in the military medical field. During the First World War, they mastered many professions, replacing men at telephone and radio sets, in the air defense system, and in various auxiliary services3.

Russia had its own experience of women's military service. Not to mention various charity societies, during the First World War we even created a combat women's unit - the famous shock women's death battalion, commanded by M. Bochkareva. True, the Provisional Government obliged the personnel of the battalion to wear the uniform of army infantry. The only difference was shoulder straps - white with a longitudinal black and red braid4.

In the first years of Soviet power, women were recruited for military service only on a voluntary basis, while they were provided only with underwear and outerwear. The Compulsory Military Service Act of 1925 already stated that in wartime women would be required to enter military service on a mandatory basis. However, now it has also become a practice to enlist them in the service of the Red Army in peacetime. They were provided with uniforms and equipment on an equal basis with men. An important detail of the clothing of female doctors was a protective, black or dark blue woolen skirt. For civilian women employed in the positions of middle, senior and senior command personnel, a number of outerwear items were provided: a felt beret, a blouse shirt, a skirt, chrome boots, etc. The extradition was carried out either in material (assortment of personnel officers), or in the form of monetary compensation.

By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR dated September 27, 1930 No. 201, female cadets of military educational institutions were supplied with all items of men's uniform without exception, as well as winter and summer skirts and civil-style chrome boots.

In connection with the instructions of the head of the Department of Carriage and Clothing Supply of the Red Army on December 22, 1935, women - regular military personnel were divided into two groups: commanding staff and cadets (listeners) of military educational institutions. The former should have been provided with uniforms according to the norms and grounds of the personnel command staff, the latter were supplied with items of men's clothing allowance.

In the "Rules for wearing uniforms by personnel of the Red Army" approved on December 17, 1936, there was a chapter "The uniform of military women (frame)". With a summer uniform, they were supposed to: take a felt dark blue or a cap, a khaki summer tunic, a dark blue woolen or cotton skirt, black stockings, boots or boots and an overcoat. Winter uniform: cloth helmet, khaki tunic, dark blue cloth or wool skirt, black stockings, black wool leggings, khaki open jacket, black boots or boots, gloves and overcoat. In addition to the above, it was also allowed to wear: a raincoat, a leather coat or jacket (out of order), a white tunic with a white beret (out of order), and in winter - black or white cloaks. An open jacket, which was supposed to be worn in winter, was worn in practice only in the armored forces and the Air Force.

Judging by this document, the peculiarity of the female form of clothing consisted only in the presence of a beret and a skirt, and even in the fact that the overcoat was fastened on the left side.

The Great Patriotic War showed that women can replace men not only in rear units, but also at the front. They led tanks and planes into battle, served in artillery, engineering troops, air defense, were snipers and scouts. In total, during the war years, there were more than 800 thousand women in the army, 86 of them were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and four - Orders of Glory of three degrees. What uniform did the women who participated in the war wear? On this issue, the NPO of the USSR issued several guiding documents: order No. 261 of August 3, 1941, order No. 240 of August 9, 1942 and order No. 25 of January 15, 1943. According to the first of them, three main items were established for women who held non-combat positions in command: a beret, a coat and a dress. Cloth beret khaki consisted of a solid bottom and four parts of the crown. In front of the beret in the middle of the crown, a metal Red Army badge-cockade of the established pattern was attached. A double-breasted women's uniform coat was made of gray cloth. It had open lapels and two rows of large uniform buttons, five on each side. The turn-down collar was fastened with a metal hook and loop. Buttonholes of the established pattern were sewn on the ends of the collar. The coat had two side straight transverse welt pockets covered with flaps. The back was cut in one piece, with two tucks and a slit at the bottom. A belt was provided at the waist, consisting of three parts: two ends of the belt and a strap. The front ends of the belt were fastened with a buckle, and the back ends with large shaped buttons on the strap. The sleeves were fitted with straight cuffs. The length of the coat was set in this way: from its bottom edge to the floor it should have been 30 cm. However, the coat did not take root, much more often women were fitted with a men's overcoat.

A khaki cotton or woolen dress had a turn-down collar. At its ends, buttonholes of a tunic sample were sewn on. The sleeves ended in cuffs fastened with two small uniform buttons. From the collar to the waist there was a placket with a fastener for four large uniform buttons. Welt chest pockets, with a flap 3 cm wide, fastened with small shaped buttons. Figured undercuts of the middle part of the front of the skirt formed two pockets. The right end of the belt was pulled through the buckle and fastened with one hook. The length of the dress was determined 5 cm shorter than the coat. In contrast to the last dress, with some interruption, it "lasted" until the end of Soviet power without significant changes5.

However, this uniform soon underwent changes. On August 9, 1942, Order No. 240 of the NCO of the USSR was signed, abolishing the uniform of the 1941 model and declaring a new, closer to army standards, list of items of women's uniforms, which now differed both in terms of belonging to the composition - commanding or private, and at the place of service .<…>

Read the full version of the article in the paper version of the "Military History Journal" and on the website of the Scientific Electronic Libraryhttp: www. elibrary. en

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NOTES

1 Potrashkov S.V., Potrashkov A.S. Illustrated military-historical dictionary. M.: Eksmo, 2007. S. 17.

2 Kibovsky A. Amazon Company. A curiosity or the first women's unit in Russia? // Zeikhgauz. 1997. No. 1(6). pp. 16-19.

3 Davis B.L. Uniform of the Third Reich. 1933-1945 / Per. from English. I.V. Gavrilov. M.: AST, 2000. S. 123, 125, 133, 134; Darman P. World War II uniform. The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia / Per. from English. A. Grishina. M.: EKSMO-Press, 2002. S. 98, 117, 134, etc.

4 Gorshkov V.V., Kharitonov O.V. Russian army 1917-1920. St. Petersburg: Caravel, 1991, p. 32; Military clothes of the Russian army. M .: Military Publishing House, 1994. S. 374 and others.

5 The women's uniform dress of the 1941 model was canceled by order of the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs of March 3, 1948 No. 11, but by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense of June 30, 1955 No. 105, the “khaki woolen dress” is restored as an item of everyday out of order uniforms, for use instead of a tunic and skirt.

Jacket: - free cut; - a fastener central onboard, a wind-shelter level, on buttons; - coquette from finishing fabric; -2 welt slanted pockets with a flap, buttoned at the bottom of the front; - 1 slant patch pocket on the sleeves; - reinforcing curly overlays in the elbow area; - the bottom of the sleeves with an elastic band; - double hood, with a visor, has a drawstring to adjust the volume; - waist adjustment with drawstrings; Trousers: - free cut; -2 side vertical pockets; - in the area of the knees, on the back halves of the trousers along the seam of the seat - reinforcing pads; -2 side patch pockets with flap; -2 back patch pockets with buttons; - the cut of the details in the knee area prevents them from stretching; - the back halves under the knee are assembled with an elastic band; - waistband with elastic; - bottom with elastic band; - fastened braces (braces); - belt loops; wearing - both in boots and out. material: tent cloth; composition: 100% cotton; density: 270 gr.; overlays: ripstop, oxford; cuffs: yes; sealing gum: yes; jacket/pants pockets: yes/yes; optional: lightweight summer version; high strength fabric and seams; How to wash Gorka suit.

Semi-fitted dress in dark blue with a V-neck, decorated with a red silk scarf (included). Fabric - gabardine. According to the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 575, chevrons are sewn onto the sleeves of the dress at a distance of 8 cm from the edge of the shoulder. A chevron is sewn on the left sleeve, indicating belonging to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and on the right sleeve, a chevron, indicating the service of a police / justice officer. You can add chevrons with Velcro. A shawl to a dress is worn in a triangle folded in the form of a scarf, the narrow ends are tied together and tucked in at the back inside under the collar. The wide side is tucked in under the neckline of the dress. It is allowed to wear a summer dress without a scarf in the office. The length of the dress along the bottom edge should be at the level of the knees. The Police/Justice short sleeve dress is part of the new police uniform Sample material pattern:

The summer suit consists of a jacket and trousers. It is part of the all-weather set of basic uniforms (VKBO). A suit made of Mirage fabric (PE-65%, cotton-35%), with a high content of cotton - is hygienic and comfortable in everyday wear. Straight cut jacket. The collar is a stand, the volume is regulated by a pata on a textile fastener. The central fastener on a demountable lightning closed by a level on textile fasteners. Two breast patch pockets with flaps on textile fasteners. Back with two vertical pleats for freedom of movement in the area of the shoulder blades. Sleeves are one-piece. In the upper part of the sleeves there are patch pockets with flaps on textile fasteners. In the area of the elbow there are pads-amplifiers with an input for protectors on textile fasteners. At the bottom of the sleeve there is a patch pocket for pens. On the bottom of the sleeves there are cuffs with pats on textile fasteners for adjusting the volume. Straight cut trousers. One-piece belt with seven belt loops. The volume of the belt is regulated by a cord with tips. Button closure. Two side slash pockets. On the side seams are two large patch pockets with three folds for volume. The upper part of the pockets is pulled together with an elastic cord with a clamp. Entrances to pockets, designed obliquely, like a hand, are closed with flaps on textile fasteners. In the area of the knees there are reinforcement pads with an input for protectors on textile fasteners. At the bottom of the trousers there are patch pockets with flaps on textile fasteners. The volume on the bottom of the trousers is regulated by a braid. On the back halves of the trousers are two welt pockets with flaps with a hidden button closure. Reinforcement pad in the seat area

Gorka-3 suit is the most successful and widespread type of Gorka suit. Made from rip-stop material with a density of 270 gr. per 1 m2 of black color, structurally consists of a jacket and trousers. Used to protect the fighter from adverse weather conditions, all-weather. The main difference of this suit is the fleece lining. The jacket has a deep hood with drawstrings, two welt side pockets covered with flaps fastened with a button, one inner pocket for documents and two pockets on the sleeves, just below the shoulders. It is worth noting that the fleece lining is removable, which increases the usability of the suit and allows it to be used in a wider temperature range. Shoulders, elbows, cuffs are reinforced with oxford 0 rip-stop synthetic fabric. Reinforcement on the elbows of the mountain-3 suit is made in the form of a Velcro pocket, completed with hard inserts. The sleeves are equipped with anti-dust cuffs and a hidden volume adjustment elastic band just above the wrist. The jacket also has an adjustable drawstring along the edge and fastens with buttons. Gorka suit trousers have six pockets. Two side slotted, two cargo waybills and two rear. The knees, the bottom of the legs and other loaded areas of the trousers are reinforced with Oxford 0 rip-stop synthetic fabric. The bottom of the legs is double, the so-called “dust boot” reinforced with a cuff that is worn over the boot and prevents dust, dirt and small stones from entering it. Just below the knee bend, the trousers have a fixing elastic band. It automatically adjusts the volume of the leg and prevents the fabric from sailing. Pants are equipped with detachable suspenders. Main features: removable fleece lining demi-season suit strong material inner pocket hood CHARACTERISTICS SUIT CHARACTERISTICS Material: ripstop Composition: 70/30 Density: 240 gr. Overlays: oxford 0 Cuffs: yes Seals: yes Jacket/pants pockets: yes/yes Seasonality: demi-season Additionally: reinforced inserts, removable fleece lining, anthers on trousers, suspenders included

Semi-fitted dress in dark blue with a V-neck, decorated with a red silk scarf (included). Fabric - gabardine. According to the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 575, chevrons are sewn onto the sleeves of the dress at a distance of 8 cm from the edge of the shoulder. A chevron is sewn on the left sleeve, indicating belonging to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and on the right sleeve, a chevron, indicating the service of a police / justice officer. You can add chevrons with Velcro. A shawl to a dress is worn in a triangle folded in the form of a scarf, the narrow ends are tied together and tucked in at the back inside under the collar. The wide side is tucked in under the neckline of the dress. It is allowed to wear a summer dress without a scarf in the office. The length of the dress along the bottom edge should be at the level of the knees. The Short Sleeve Police/Justice Dress is part of the new police uniform. Material drawing example:

Material: 100% Cotton Product weight: 52 size -232 g 54 size -265 g

Fabric: Mirage-210, pe-67%, chl-33% The summer suit consists of a jacket and trousers. Straight cut jacket. Stand collar. The central fastener on a demountable lightning closed by a level on textile fasteners. Two breast patch pockets with flaps on textile fasteners. Pockets are located obliquely, in the direction of the hand. Back with two vertical pleats for freedom of movement in the area of the shoulder blades. Sleeves are one-piece. In the upper part of the sleeves there are patch pockets with flaps on textile fasteners, with belt loops on the inside of the flaps. In the area of the elbow there are pads-amplifiers with an input for protectors on textile fasteners. At the bottom of the sleeves there are patch pockets for pens. On the bottom of the sleeves there are cuffs with pats on textile fasteners for adjusting the volume. Straight cut trousers. One-piece belt with seven belt loops. The volume of the belt is regulated by a cord with tips. Button closure. Two side slash pockets. On the side seams are two large patch pockets with three folds for volume. The upper part of the pockets is pulled together with an elastic cord with a clamp. Entrances to pockets, designed obliquely, like a hand, are closed with flaps on textile fasteners. In the area of the knees there are reinforcement pads with an input for protectors on textile fasteners. At the bottom of the trousers there are patch pockets with flaps on textile fasteners. The volume on the bottom of the trousers is regulated by a braid. On the back halves of the trousers are two welt pockets with flaps with a secret fastener

Please note - in this model, fleece insulation is only in the jacket! Coloring: khaki Jacket: - free cut; - a fastener central onboard, a wind-shelter level, on buttons; - coquette from finishing fabric; -2 welt slanted pockets with a flap, buttoned at the bottom of the front; - 1 slant patch pocket on the sleeves; - reinforcing curly overlays in the elbow area; - the bottom of the sleeves with an elastic band; - double hood, with a visor, has a drawstring to adjust the volume; - waist adjustment with drawstrings; Trousers: - free cut; -2 side vertical pockets; - in the area of the knees, on the back halves of the trousers along the seam of the seat - reinforcing pads; -2 side patch pockets with flap; -2 back patch pockets with buttons; - the cut of the details in the knee area prevents them from stretching; - the back halves under the knee are assembled with an elastic band; - waistband with elastic; - bottom with elastic band; - fastened braces (braces); - belt loops; wearing - both in boots and out. material: tent cloth; composition: 100% cotton; density: 270 gr.; overlays: ripstop, oxford 0; cuffs: yes; sealing gum: yes; seasonality: demi-season; additionally: reinforced inserts, removable fleece lining, anthers on trousers, suspenders included

Moss scout suit The scout suit is made in a very successful design of the demi-season "smok" uniform in the colors of the A-TACS FG experimental camouflage. The suit consists of a jacket and trousers. The jacket is long, below the waist. Equipped with a deep hood with adjustable drawstrings, it has four voluminous cargo pockets closed with flaps on a large English button, which makes it easy to open the pocket in a hurry, with shooting gloves, and in other extreme conditions, when the time count has gone by seconds. The elbows of the suit are reinforced with an additional layer of fabric, the sleeves are equipped with wide rubber bands. The frontal zipper is duplicated along the entire length with smaller English buttons, which are fastened in secret. Trousers of the suit are free-cut, all loaded parts are reinforced with an additional layer of fabric. A wide rubber band is sewn into the waistband, a thin cord for additional tightening, and suspender attachment loops. The trousers have four pockets. Two slotted, covered with valves on a large English button, two cargo overhead, in which additional ammunition can be carried. At the bottom of the legs there is a wide cuff and the so-called "brakes" made of elastic fabric, which prevent the legs from riding up. color moss (A-TACS FG) Main features: coloring drawstring at the waist elastic bands on the pants carrying case for suspenders included CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SUIT Material: T/S Composition: 65 pe /35 viscose Density: 160 gr. Cuffs: yes Sealing elastic bands: no Jacket/pants pockets: yes/yes Seasonality: all-weather Extras: carrying case

Consists of a jacket and trousers. Fabric - Rip-Stop, pe-67%, chl-33%. Designed for employees of internal affairs bodies with special police ranks, carrying out outdoor service. Worn with a dark blue T-shirt and a dark blue cap. According to the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 575, chevrons are sewn onto the sleeves of the suit at a distance of 8 cm from the edge of the shoulder. A chevron is sewn on the left sleeve, indicating belonging to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and on the right sleeve, a chevron, indicating the service of a police officer. You can add chevrons with Velcro. Above the left pocket (shelf), at a distance of 10 mm, a patch "POLICE" (110x30 mm) is sewn, made in the form of a rectangle with a red edging, the inscription is made in white or silver. On the back, 10 mm above the red line on the back, a patch "POLICE" (275x85 mm) is sewn, made in the form of a rectangle with a red edging and an inscription in white or silver. Employees with special police ranks, when serving in public places, wear badges on jackets of a summer suit. Badges are fastened with a pin to the left breast pocket. The badge is placed in a removable pocket for the badge, which is worn on the right side of the chest of the suit jackets in dark blue summer suits. The badge is a rectangular card containing the identification data of a police officer.

The tunic is part of the daily and exit uniforms of police officers of the new model. Worn with trousers. Material: Suit (semi-woolen) fabric. Composition: 75% wool, 25% polyester 280 g/m2 Lining: Twill 100% viscose 105% g/m2. Fitted, single-breasted, four-button closure. Turn-down collar with lapels. Shelves with cutting barrels. Side pockets are horizontal welt in the "frame" with flaps. A back with the central seam in which lower part the vent is located. Sleeves are set-in, two-sutural. Jacket with lining. On the left shelf of the lining there is an inside pocket with a “leaflet”. Designed for employees of internal affairs bodies with special police ranks, as well as for cadets (listeners) of educational institutions of higher professional education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. It has red trim on the sleeves. According to the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 575, chevrons are sewn onto the sleeves of the suit at a distance of 8 cm from the edge of the shoulder. A chevron is sewn on the left sleeve, indicating belonging to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and on the right sleeve, a chevron, indicating the service of a police officer. You can add chevrons with Velcro. In addition, shoulder straps with buttons are sewn onto this tunic, and two lavalier emblems are also strengthened. How to sew on a shoulder strap? To do this, in addition to the tunic itself and shoulder straps, you will need a ruler, scissors, a needle, a thimble and strong red threads. Be sure to wear a thimble, even if you are used to sewing without it, as sometimes the needle passes through shoulder straps with great difficulty, and you can injure your fingers. If you find it difficult to pull the needle and thread out of the shoulder strap, then you can use pliers or tweezers. 1) First of all, prepare the shoulder strap, i.e. fasten all the required insignia on it, since it will be much more difficult to do this on an already sewn pursuit. 2) Take the shoulder strap and position it so that the side farthest from the button is close to the seam that connects the shoulder of the tunic to the sleeve. At the same time, the upper, directed towards the back, edge of the shoulder strap should go 1 cm from above to the seam running along the shoulder. In other words, the shoulder strap should be slightly shifted forward. 3) Thread the needle into the needle and fasten the shoulder strap to the tunic at three points: at the corners of the shoulder strap, at the place where it comes into contact with the sleeve seam and in the center of the semicircular cut. Now the shoulder strap will be securely fastened and will not move from the correct position during the sewing process. 4) Then we sew the shoulder strap very carefully around the perimeter, making stitches in such a way that only barely visible points remain on its surface in those places where the needle enters the shoulder strap, and the thread between two adjacent holes passes mainly from the wrong side (along the gasket) of the tunic . Then the thread will not be noticeable even if it does not quite match the color of the shoulder straps in color. In this case, the optimal length of each stitch should be about 1 cm. 5) With the second shoulder strap, follow the same pattern. How to strengthen lapel emblems? On the collar of the tunic - along the bisector (the line dividing the corner of the collar in half), at a distance of 25 mm from the corner of the collar to the center of the emblem, the vertical axis of symmetry of the emblem should be parallel to the collar. How to place awards on the police jacket? On the left side of the chest, the awards are arranged in the following order: Badges of special distinction are placed so that the upper edge of the medal block is at the level of the ledge of the lapel of the tunic and jacket. When wearing two or more insignia of special distinction, they are arranged separately in one row, from right to left with intervals of 10 mm between the lateral ends of the stars in the order listed. Badges of special distinction of the same name are arranged in the order in which they are awarded. Signs of orders, orders and medals are arranged horizontally in a row from the center of the chest to the edge, from top to bottom in the order listed. When wearing two or more orders or medals, their blocks are connected in a row on a common bar. Orders and medals that do not fit in one row are transferred to the second and subsequent rows located below the first, placing them also from the center of the chest to the edge in the above order. Blocks of orders and medals of the second row should go under the orders and medals of the first row, while the upper edge of the blocks of the lower row is placed 35 mm below the block of the first row. Subsequent rows are arranged in the same order. Signs of orders, orders and medals are located on the single-breasted police tunic so that the upper edge of the block of orders and medals of the first row is 90 mm below the level of the lapel ledge. On the right side of the chest, the awards are arranged in the following order: Orders are arranged from left to right in the order listed. The upper edge of the largest order of the first row is located at the level established for the common bar (block) of the first row of orders and medals placed on the left side of the chest. Orders that do not fit in one row are transferred to the second and subsequent rows located below the first, placing them also from the center of the chest to the edge in the indicated order. The centers of the orders in a row must be on the same level. The distance between orders and rows of orders is 10 mm. The sign of the number of wounds made of gold-coloured galloon (in case of a severe wound) or dark red color (in case of a slight wound) is located on a bar made of the fabric of the top of the item. Galun width 6 mm, length 43 mm. The bad wound badge is placed below the light wound badge. The distance between the stripes is 3 mm. The sign of the number of wounds is placed on the tunic and jacket to the right of the sign to the honorary titles of the Russian Federation, and in its absence, in its place.

Suit Gorka ZIMA produced by the PRIVAL trademark is made of dense cotton tent fabric with insulation: lining microfleece and fiberplast (warm siliconized polyester fabric). A raincoat blended with cotton fabric is used as a finish and reinforcement of areas that are critical for wear and getting wet. The jacket and trousers are loose-fitting, allowing you to pull on extra layers of clothing. For a better fit, fit and to avoid "sail" in the wind, the suit has a system of ties based on rubber-fabric tape on the sides of the jacket, on the sleeves, under the knees and at the bottom of the trousers. The jacket has 5 pockets, trousers 6. The flaps of the pockets are triangular in shape, which significantly reduces the bending of the extreme corners of the flap and clinging to ammunition and equipment. Pants are equipped with comfortable suspenders. The combination of overlays with the main khaki fabric ensures that the silhouette of a person is broken at remote distances. The suit is designed to protect against temperature extremes and strong winds in mountainous areas. Can be used by lovers of outdoor activities, fishing, hunting. Composition: jacket / trousers (complete with special suspenders) Color: khaki, khaki inserts Fabric: tent 100% cotton, inserts - mixed fabric with cotton Lining: microfleece Insulation: fiberplast (siliconized fabric)

Gender: male Season: summer Camouflage color: khaki Material: "Tent cloth" (100% cotton), pl. 235 g/m2, VO Lining material: Mixed, pl. 210 g/m2, Normative technical documentation: GOST 25295-2003 Outerwear for men and women of coat assortment: suits, jackets, vests, in Color: khaki Lower temperature: 10 Fastening: buttons Country: Russia Description Jacket: free cut; fastener central supatny, on a loop and a button; yoke, overlays and pockets made of finishing fabric; 2 lower welt pockets with a flap, a loop and a button; inside flap pocket with button; on the sleeves, 1 patch inclined pocket with a flap for a loop and a button in the elbow area reinforcing curly overlays; the bottom of the sleeves with an elastic band; double hood, with a visor, has a drawstring to adjust the volume; waist adjustment with drawstring; Pants: loose fit; codpiece with a fastener on a loop and a button; 2 upper pockets in the side seams, in the knee area, on the back halves of the trousers in the seat area - reinforcing pads; 2 side patch pockets with flap; 2 back patch pockets with buttons; the cut of the details in the knee area prevents them from stretching; Dustproof calico skirt at the bottom of the trousers; the back halves under the knee are gathered with an elastic band; elastic waistband; elasticated bottom;

The women's demi-season raincoat is part of the uniform of the police officers of the new sample. Raincoat of a semi-adjacent silhouette, with a central inner secret fastener for five loops and buttons and additionally for an upper uniform button and a through overcast buttonhole, on a warmed stitched lining. On the coquettes in the area of the shoulder seam, there are two loops and one non-cut loop for attaching removable shoulder straps. Sleeves are set-in, two-sutural. In the lower part of the middle seam of the sleeve there are stitched-in pats, fastened with a loop and a uniform button. Turn-down collar, with detachable stand. The removable belt is threaded into the loops located in the side seams and fastens with a buckle with a tongue, the free end of which is threaded into the loop. On the right collar there is an internal welt pocket with a leaflet. Jacket fabric (100% polyester) with rip-stop weaving threads and water-repellent impregnation. The second layer is the membrane. Filler: Thinsulate 100 g/m. Recommended temperature range: from +10°С to -12°С. Worn with a dark blue scarf or a white scarf. It is allowed to wear a demi-season raincoat neatly folded with the front side out on the left hand. Demi-season raincoats are worn buttoned up. It is allowed to wear demi-season raincoats with the top button undone. Demi-season raincoats are worn with or without removable insulation with a belt fastened with a buckle. Removable shoulder straps in dark blue and stripes in dark blue are worn on this raincoat.

Thanks to innovative technologies and quality materials that provide maximum protection against rain and wind, you will be in constant comfort, helping to reduce fatigue throughout the day. Characteristics Protection from rain and wind Statutory cut Upper material: Rip-stop Insulation: Thinsulate

Retro style jacket Button-down Adjustable hood around the face Elasticated waist and bottom of the sleeves Adjustable drawstring bottom of the jacket 4 outside pockets Material: 100% cotton I’m suffocating from comfort, suddenly crackling fires will blow from the blue edge of the gas above the burner ... ”(B. Vakhnyuk) Once running home, we buried our faces in a windbreaker hanging on a hanger and inhaled the smell of a fire. In windbreakers we went on any trips and at any time of the year. They were not bitten by mosquitoes, they were not blown through, they did not melt from fire sparks. True, they froze, dried slowly and were heavy. Now, when a lot of light modern jackets have appeared, a real canvas windbreaker can be found quite rarely. But even now it is better not to find anything for the forest and the fire. Synthetics do not like fire. And if you do not want your favorite fleece jacket to be in a small (or large) hole, it's time to think about tarpaulin. The retro style jacket is made of high quality tarpaulin. It is very durable and breathes well. And generally pleasant and loved, like Vizbor's songs on a reel-to-reel tape recorder. The hood, adjustable on an oval of the face, elastic bands on sleeves and an inhaling on a bottom of a jacket protect from mosquitoes and wind. Matches, a compass, a map and other necessary items can easily fit in four large pockets. If you like to meet sunrises on a steep shore, wander through the summer tundra, pick cloudberries and cranberries in the swamps, sing around a campfire in the evenings - this windbreaker is for you.

Suit Gorka produced by the PRIVAL trademark is made of a blended fabric with cotton. The traditional Gorka costume is made of tent cotton fabric, and in areas where increased reinforcement is required, a cotton-blended fabric is placed, which is characterized by increased strength and wear resistance. This model is made entirely of blended fabric with cotton, so it will last a long time even with heavy use. Also, this material is pleasant to wear, will provide freedom and comfort in movement. The jacket and trousers are loose-fitting, allowing you to pull on extra layers of clothing. For a better fit, fit and to avoid "sail" in the wind, the suit has a system of ties based on rubber-fabric tape on the sides of the jacket, on the sleeves, under the knees and at the bottom of the trousers. The jacket has 5 pockets, trousers 6. The flaps of the pockets are triangular in shape, which significantly reduces the bending of the extreme corners of the flap and clinging to ammunition and equipment. Pants are equipped with comfortable suspenders. The combination of overlays with the main black fabric ensures that the silhouette of a person is broken at remote distances.

Jacket "Mountain-3" is recommended for outdoor activities (tourism, hiking), as well as a field uniform for mountain rifle units of the Russian Defense Ministry of sight On buttons Adjustment of volume of a sleeve above a wrist the hidden elastic band on a flypaper Elbows are protected by a polyurethane foam removable insert (included in a set) Pockets: two lower volume pockets on buttons are closed by valves "Napoleon" pocket on a breast inclined pockets on sleeves, are closed by valves on a flypaper internal moisture protection pocket for documents with Velcro Tightening: at the waist with a cord at the bottom of the jacket of the jacket See all items by tag of the jacket with a rubber cord Material: 100% cotton, new high-quality tarpaulin, superior to analogues used by most other manufacturers New processing technology has significantly improved the resistance of the fabric to fading and abrasion Reinforcing overhead ki -100% polyester polyester View all items by tag polyester rip-stop Attention! Before washing, remove the protective inserts in the knee/elbow pads from their respective pockets. Do not wash protective inserts in the washing machine. When washing tarpaulin products in a washing machine, traces of abrasion may appear. SIZING: Download the size chart (.xlsx) to determine the exact size you need REVIEWS: Review by Survival Panda Discussion about this model on the forum YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN:

The costume consists of a jacket and trousers. Jacket with a central side zipper. Front with upper welt pockets with flaps and leaflets, fastened with textile fasteners and side welt pockets in a “frame”, fastened with a “zipper” braid. Lined front and back of the jacket. Turn-down collar with stand. Staff suit made of rip-stop fabric with Velcro. Back with yoke. The sleeves are set-in, one-sutural, with reinforcing pads in the elbow area, with stitched cuffs, fastened with a textile fastener - a slit with a puff. For attaching removable shoulder straps, there are loops in the area of the shoulder seams, two continuous loops are sewn perpendicular to the shoulder seam. At the bottom of the jacket there is a detachable belt, the volume of which is regulated by the side sections with elastic band. Trousers are straight, with stitched arrows and side pockets on the front halves. Fastening of the front of the trousers with a zipper. On the back halves - tucks. On the right back half there is a welt pocket with a flap and a leaflet, fastened with a textile fastener. The belt is stitched, fastened with a loop and a button. To adjust the volume, the belt is pulled together with elastic band, in the area of the side seams. Sample material drawing: Additionally, you can purchase:

The jacket is short, straight cut. Fabric - gabardine. Designed for employees of internal affairs bodies with special police ranks. According to the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 575, chevrons are sewn onto the sleeves of the suit at a distance of 8 cm from the edge of the shoulder. A chevron is sewn on the left sleeve, indicating belonging to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and on the right sleeve, a chevron, indicating the service of a police officer. You can add chevrons with Velcro. The central fastener on a detachable "lightning". Turn-down collar. Shelves with detachable yokes in the area of the shoulder girdle. On the shelves there are chest welt pockets with figured buttons on the buttons. Two side welt pockets with zipper entry. Back with stitched yoke. Soft folds are laid along the yoke line for freedom of movement. Single-seam set-in sleeves, with stitched cuffs fastened with buttons. On the bottom of the jacket there is a one-piece belt, the volume of which is regulated by the side sections with elastic band. A back and a shelf on a lining from a knitted cloth (grid). The armholes are edged with edging tape Trousers of a straight cut. Stitched belt with six belt loops. The volume of the belt is regulated by the side sections with elastic band. Two pockets in the side seams. One welt pocket with a flap and an internal button closure is located on the right rear half of the trousers. A red piping is inserted along the side seams of the trousers. It is part of the uniform of a police officer of a new sample. Material drawing example.

A military uniform is a set of special-purpose clothing and equipment for military personnel. Its wearing in specific cases is established by orders of the leadership and specially developed rules.

Military uniforms are functional and comfortable. It must have state insignia. At all times, uniforms in the army and navy were introduced with the aim of:

Troop organizations;
Improvements in military discipline;
Emphasizing the differences in the assigned military ranks.

A brief excursion into the history of the development of the military uniform of the Russian Empire

The first regulated military uniform for military personnel was introduced in Russia by decrees of Peter I. In 1699, it became mandatory for the guards regiments. And after a while it began to be used in the newly created infantry and dragoon units. In 1912, artillerymen received their first uniform.

Thus, it was during the Petrine era by the end of the Northern War that the style of the first Russian military uniform was formed. According to it, belonging to various branches of the military was determined. The difference was emphasized by caftans of different colors:

Infantry - dark green;
Dragoons - blue;
Artillery - red.

In the future, the military uniform was modified in accordance with the existing pan-European traditions, and:

During the reign of Anna Ioannovna, uniforms were introduced for the horse guards and cuirassier regiments;
Under Elizabeth, a hussar uniform was developed.

A significant departure from European trends was carried out by Field Marshal Potemkin. The military uniform proposed by him had a single cut for all branches of the armed forces and differed only in color. The uniform set of clothes included more comfortable things that do not restrict movement:

Short jacket, instead of a long uniform;
Loose bloomers, trouser legs that were sheathed to the middle of the lower leg with leather;
Felt helmet, hat seat.

The innovations were very progressive, but they were introduced exclusively in the army units, the military personnel of the guard units wore the same uniform.

In a subsequent period, changes were introduced into the military uniform of the Russian army in accordance with the taste preferences of the ruling monarchs. It should be noted that the first convenient marching uniform of a protective color for all parts was introduced only during the last reign of Nicholas 2.

Portal for the student. Self-training

A brief excursion into the history of the development of the military uniform of the Russian Empire

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