Captured Germans in the USSR rebuilt the cities they had destroyed, lived in camps, and even received money for their work. 10 years after the end of the war, former soldiers and officers of the Wehrmacht "changed knives for bread" at Soviet construction sites.

Closed topic

For a long time it was not customary to talk about the life of captured Germans in the USSR. Everyone knew that yes, they were, that they even participated in Soviet construction projects, including the construction of Moscow skyscrapers (MGU), but it was considered bad form to bring the topic of captured Germans into a wide information field.

In order to talk about this topic, it is necessary, first of all, to decide on the numbers. How many German prisoners of war were on the territory of the Soviet Union? According to Soviet sources - 2,389,560, according to German - 3,486,000.

Such a significant difference (an error of almost a million people) is explained by the fact that the count of prisoners was set very poorly, and also by the fact that many captured Germans preferred to "mask" as other nationalities. The process of repatriation dragged on until 1955, historians believe that approximately 200,000 prisoners of war were incorrectly documented.

heavy soldering

The life of captured Germans during and after the war was strikingly different. It is clear that in the camps during the war, where prisoners of war were kept, the most cruel atmosphere reigned, there was a struggle for survival. People died of hunger, cannibalism was not uncommon. In order to somehow improve their share, the prisoners did their best to prove their non-participation in the "titular nation" of the fascist aggressors.

Among the prisoners were those who enjoyed some sort of privileges, such as Italians, Croats, Romanians. They could even work in the kitchen. Distribution of products was uneven.

Often there were cases of attacks on food peddlers, which is why, over time, the Germans began to provide their peddlers with protection. However, it must be said that no matter how difficult the conditions of the Germans' stay in captivity, they cannot be compared with the conditions of life in the German camps. According to statistics, 58% of captured Russians died in fascist captivity, only 14.9% of Germans died in our captivity.

Rights

It is clear that captivity cannot and should not be pleasant, but there are still talks about the content of German prisoners of war that the conditions of their detention were even too mild.

The daily ration of prisoners of war was 400 g of bread (after 1943 this rate increased to 600-700 g), 100 g of fish, 100 g of cereals, 500 g of vegetables and potatoes, 20 g of sugar, 30 g of salt. For generals and sick prisoners of war, the ration was increased.

Of course, these are just numbers. In fact, in wartime, rations were rarely issued in full. The missing food could be replaced with simple bread, rations were often cut, but the prisoners were not deliberately starved, there was no such practice in Soviet camps in relation to German prisoners of war.

Of course, prisoners of war worked. Molotov once said the historical phrase that not a single German prisoner would return to his homeland until Stalingrad was restored.

The Germans did not work for a loaf of bread. Circular of the NKVD of August 25, 1942 ordered to give prisoners monetary allowance (7 rubles for privates, 10 for officers, 15 for colonels, 30 for generals). There was also a bonus for shock work - 50 rubles a month. Amazingly, the prisoners could even receive letters and money orders from their homeland, they were given soap and clothes.

big construction

The captured Germans, following Molotov's testament, worked on many construction projects in the USSR and were used in public utilities. Their attitude to work was in many ways indicative. Living in the USSR, the Germans actively mastered the working vocabulary, learned the Russian language, but they could not understand the meaning of the word "hack-work". German labor discipline has become a household name and even gave rise to a kind of meme: "of course, it was the Germans who built it."

Almost all low-rise buildings of the 40s-50s are still considered to be built by the Germans, although this is not so. It is also a myth that the buildings built by the Germans were built according to the designs of German architects, which, of course, is not true. The general plan for the restoration and development of cities was developed by Soviet architects (Shchusev, Simbirtsev, Iofan and others).

The weaker sex during all armed conflicts in the world were the most unprotected and prone to bullying, killings by a segment of the population. Remaining in the territories occupied by enemy forces, young women became the object of sexual harassment and. Since the statistics of atrocities against women has been conducted only recently, it is not difficult to assume that in the entire history of mankind the number of persons subjected to inhuman abuse will be many times greater.

The greatest surge in bullying of the weaker sex was noted during the Great Patriotic War, armed conflicts in Chechnya, and antiterrorist campaigns in the Middle East.

Displays all the atrocities against women statistics, photo and video materials, as well as the stories of eyewitnesses and victims of violence that can be found in.

Statistics of atrocities against women during the Second World War

The most inhumane in modern history were the atrocities committed against women in the course. The most perverted and terrible were the Nazi atrocities against women. Statistics include about 5 million victims.

In the territories occupied by the troops of the Third Reich, the population until its complete liberation was subjected to cruel and sometimes inhuman treatment by the invaders. Of those who fell under the rule of the enemy, there were 73 million people. About 30-35% of them are female of different ages.

The atrocities of the Germans against women were distinguished by extreme cruelty - at the age of 30–35 years they were “used” by German soldiers to satisfy their sexual needs, and some, under the threat of death, worked in brothels organized by the occupying authorities.

The statistics of atrocities against women show that older women were most often taken out by the Nazis for forced labor in Germany or sent to concentration camps.

Many of the women suspected by the Nazis of having links with the partisan underground were tortured and subsequently shot. According to rough estimates, every second of the women in the territory of the former USSR, during the occupation of part of its territory by the Nazis, experienced abuse from the invaders, many of them were shot or killed.

The atrocities of Soviet soldiers against women were also monstrous. Statistics as the Red Army advanced through the countries of Western Europe previously captured by the Germans to Berlin gradually increased. Embittered and having seen enough of all the horrors created by Hitler's troops on Russian soil, Soviet soldiers were spurred on by a thirst for revenge and some orders from the top military leadership.

The victorious march of the Soviet Army, according to eyewitnesses, was accompanied by pogroms, robberies and often gang rapes of women and girls.

Chechen atrocities against women: statistics, photos

Throughout all the armed conflicts on the territory of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (Chechnya), Chechen atrocities against women were especially cruel. In the course of the three Chechen territories occupied by militants, genocide was carried out against the Russian population - women and young girls were raped, tortured and killed.

Some were taken away during the retreat, so that later, under the threat of reprisals, they could demand a ransom from their relatives. For the Chechens, they were nothing more than a commodity that could be profitably sold or exchanged. Women rescued or ransomed from captivity spoke about the terrible treatment they received from the militants - they were given little food, often beaten and raped.

For attempting to escape, they were threatened with immediate reprisals. In total, more than 5,000 women suffered and were brutally tortured and killed during the entire period of confrontation between federal troops and Chechen fighters.

War in Yugoslavia - atrocities against women

The war on the Balkan Peninsula, which subsequently led to the split of the state, became another armed conflict in which the female population was subjected to the worst bullying, torture,. The reason for the ill-treatment was the different religions of the warring parties, ethnic strife.

As a result of the Yugoslav wars between Serbs, Croats, Bosnians, Albanians, which lasted from 1991 to 2001, Wikipedia estimates the death toll at 127,084 people. Of these, about 10-15% are women from the civilian population who were shot, tortured or died as a result of air strikes and artillery shelling.

ISIS atrocities against women: statistics, photos

In the modern world, the atrocities of ISIS against women who find themselves in terrorist-controlled territories are considered the most terrible in their inhumanity and cruelty. Representatives of the weaker sex who do not belong to the Islamic faith are subjected to particular cruelty.

Women and underage girls are kidnapped, after which many are repeatedly resold on the black market as slaves. Many of them are forcibly forced into sexual relations with militants - sex jihad. Those who refuse intimacy are publicly executed.

Women who have fallen into sexual slavery to jihadists are taken away, from which future militants are trained, they are forced to do all the hard work around the house, to enter into intimacy, both with the owner and with his friends. Those who try to escape and are caught are brutally beaten, after which many are subjected to public execution.

Today, more than 4,000 women of various ages and nationalities have been abducted by ISIS militants. The fate of many of them is unknown. The approximate number of women victims, including those killed during the largest wars of the twentieth century, is presented in the table:

Conclusion

The military conflicts that arise on earth lead to the fact that the statistics of atrocities against women without the intervention of international organizations and the manifestation of humanity of the warring parties towards women will steadily increase in the future.

Women medical workers of the Red Army, taken prisoner near Kyiv, were collected for transfer to the POW camp, August 1941:

The uniform of many girls is semi-military-semi-civilian, which is typical for the initial stage of the war, when the Red Army had difficulties in providing women's uniforms and uniform shoes of small sizes. On the left - a dull captured artillery lieutenant, maybe a "stage commander".

How many female soldiers of the Red Army ended up in German captivity is unknown. However, the Germans did not recognize women as military personnel and regarded them as partisans. Therefore, according to the German private Bruno Schneider, before sending his company to Russia, their commander, Lieutenant Prince, familiarized the soldiers with the order: “Shoot all women who serve in the Red Army.” Numerous facts testify that this order was applied throughout the war.
In August 1941, on the orders of Emil Knol, commander of the field gendarmerie of the 44th Infantry Division, a prisoner of war - a military doctor - was shot.
In the city of Mglinsk, Bryansk region, in 1941, the Germans captured two girls from the medical unit and shot them.
After the defeat of the Red Army in the Crimea in May 1942, an unknown girl in military uniform was hiding in the house of a resident of Buryachenko in the Mayak fishing village near Kerch. On May 28, 1942, the Germans discovered her during a search. The girl resisted the Nazis, shouting: “Shoot, bastards! I am dying for the Soviet people, for Stalin, and you, fiends, will be dog's death! The girl was shot in the yard.
At the end of August 1942, a group of sailors was shot in the village of Krymskaya in the Krasnodar Territory, among them there were several girls in military uniform.
In the village of Starotitarovskaya, Krasnodar Territory, among the executed prisoners of war, the corpse of a girl in a Red Army uniform was found. She had a passport with her in the name of Mikhailova Tatyana Alexandrovna, 1923. She was born in the village of Novo-Romanovka.
In the village of Vorontsovo-Dashkovskoye, Krasnodar Territory, in September 1942, captured military assistants Glubokov and Yachmenev were brutally tortured.
On January 5, 1943, 8 Red Army soldiers were captured near the Severny farm. Among them is a nurse named Lyuba. After prolonged torture and humiliation, all those captured were shot.

Two rather grinning Nazis - a non-commissioned officer and a fanen-junker (candidate officer, on the right) - escort a captured Soviet girl soldier - to captivity ... or to death?


It seems that the "Hans" do not look evil ... Although - who knows? In war, completely ordinary people often do such outrageous abominations that they would never have done in "another life" ...
The girl is dressed in a full set of field uniforms of the Red Army, model 1935 - male, and in good "commander" boots in size.

A similar photo, probably summer or early autumn 1941. The convoy is a German non-commissioned officer, a female prisoner of war in a commander's cap, but without insignia:

Divisional intelligence translator P. Rafes recalls that in the village of Smagleevka, liberated in 1943, 10 km from Kantemirovka, residents told how in 1941 “a wounded lieutenant girl was dragged naked onto the road, her face, hands were cut, her breasts were cut off ... »
Knowing what awaits them in the event of captivity, female soldiers, as a rule, fought to the last.
Often captured women were raped before they died. Hans Rudhoff, a soldier from the 11th Panzer Division, testifies that in the winter of 1942, “... Russian nurses lay on the roads. They were shot and thrown on the road. They lay naked... On these dead bodies... obscene inscriptions were written.
In Rostov in July 1942, German motorcyclists broke into the yard, where there were nurses from the hospital. They were going to change into civilian clothes, but did not have time. So, in military uniform, they dragged them into a barn and raped them. However, they were not killed.
Women prisoners of war who ended up in camps were also subjected to violence and abuse. Former prisoner of war K.A. Shenipov said that in the camp in Drogobych there was a beautiful captive girl named Lyuda. “Captain Stroher, the camp commandant, tried to rape her, but she resisted, after which the German soldiers, called by the captain, tied Lyuda to a bunk, and in this position Stroher raped her and then shot her.”
In Stalag 346 in Kremenchug at the beginning of 1942, the German camp doctor Orlyand gathered 50 women doctors, paramedics, nurses, undressed them and “ordered our doctors to examine them from the genitals - whether they were sick with venereal diseases. He carried out the inspection himself. I chose 3 young girls from them, took them to my place to “serve”. German soldiers and officers came for women examined by doctors. Few of these women escaped rape.

A female soldier of the Red Army who was captured while trying to get out of the encirclement near Nevel, summer 1941




Judging by their emaciated faces, they had to go through a lot even before being taken prisoner.

Here the "Hans" are clearly mocking and posing - so that they themselves will quickly experience all the "joys" of captivity !! And the unfortunate girl, who, it seems, has already drunk dashingly to the full extent at the front, has no illusions about her prospects in captivity ...

On the left photo (September 1941, again near Kyiv -?), on the contrary, the girls (one of whom even managed to keep a watch on her hand in captivity; an unprecedented thing, a watch is the optimal camp currency!) Do not look desperate or exhausted. Captured Red Army soldiers are smiling... Is it a staged photo, or was a relatively humane camp commandant really caught, who ensured a tolerable existence?

The camp guards from among the former prisoners of war and camp policemen were especially cynical about women prisoners of war. They raped captives or, under threat of death, forced them to cohabit with them. In Stalag No. 337, not far from Baranovichi, about 400 female prisoners of war were kept in a specially fenced area with barbed wire. In December 1967, at a meeting of the military tribunal of the Belarusian military district, the former head of the camp guard A.M. Yarosh admitted that his subordinates raped the prisoners of the women's bloc.
The Millerovo POW camp also contained female prisoners. The commandant of the women's barracks was a German from the Volga region. The fate of the girls languishing in this barrack was terrible:
“Police often looked into this barracks. Every day, for half a liter, the commandant gave any girl to choose from for two hours. The policeman could take her to his barracks. They lived two in a room. During these two hours, he could use her as a thing, abuse, mock, do whatever he pleases.
Once, during the evening verification, the chief of police himself came, they gave him a girl for the whole night, a German woman complained to him that these “bastards” were reluctant to go to your policemen. He advised with a grin: “For those who do not want to go, arrange a“ red fireman ”. The girl was stripped naked, crucified, tied with ropes on the floor. Then they took a large red hot pepper, turned it inside out and inserted it into the girl's vagina. Left in this position for half an hour. Shouting was forbidden. Many girls' lips were bitten - they held back the cry, and after such a punishment they could not move for a long time.
The commandant, behind her back they called her a cannibal, enjoyed unlimited rights over the captive girls and came up with other sophisticated mockeries. For example, "self-punishment". There is a special stake, which is made crosswise with a height of 60 centimeters. The girl should strip naked, insert a stake into the anus, hold on to the cross with her hands, and put her legs on a stool and hold on for three minutes. Who could not stand it, had to repeat from the beginning.
We learned about what was happening in the women's camp from the girls themselves, who came out of the barracks to sit for about ten minutes on a bench. Also, the policemen boastfully talked about their exploits and the resourceful German woman.

Female doctors of the Red Army, who were taken prisoner, worked in camp infirmaries in many prisoner of war camps (mainly in transit and transit camps).


There may also be a German field hospital in the front line - in the background you can see part of the body of a car equipped to transport the wounded, and one of the German soldiers in the photo has a bandaged hand.

Infirmary hut of the POW camp in Krasnoarmeysk (probably October 1941):


In the foreground is a non-commissioned officer of the German field gendarmerie with a characteristic badge on his chest.

Women prisoners of war were held in many camps. According to eyewitnesses, they made an extremely miserable impression. In the conditions of camp life, it was especially difficult for them: they, like no one else, suffered from the lack of basic sanitary conditions.
In the fall of 1941, K. Kromiadi, a member of the commission for the distribution of labor, who visited the Sedlice camp, talked with the captured women. One of them, a female military doctor, admitted: “... everything is bearable, except for the lack of linen and water, which does not allow us to change clothes or wash ourselves.”
A group of female health workers taken prisoner in the Kiev pocket in September 1941 was kept in Vladimir-Volynsk - Camp Oflag No. 365 "Nord".
Nurses Olga Lenkovskaya and Taisiya Shubina were captured in October 1941 in the Vyazemsky encirclement. At first, women were kept in a camp in Gzhatsk, then in Vyazma. In March, when the Red Army approached, the Germans transferred the captured women to Smolensk in Dulag No. 126. There were few prisoners in the camp. They were kept in a separate barracks, communication with men was forbidden. From April to July 1942, the Germans released all women with the "condition of a free settlement in Smolensk."

Crimea, summer 1942. Quite young Red Army soldiers, just captured by the Wehrmacht, and among them is the same young soldier girl:


Most likely - not a doctor: her hands are clean, in a recent battle she did not bandage the wounded.

After the fall of Sevastopol in July 1942, about 300 female health workers were taken prisoner: doctors, nurses, nurses. At first they were sent to Slavuta, and in February 1943, having gathered about 600 female prisoners of war in the camp, they were loaded into wagons and taken to the West. Everyone was lined up in Rovno, and another search for Jews began. One of the prisoners, Kazachenko, walked around and pointed out: "this is a Jew, this is a commissar, this is a partisan." Those who were separated from the general group were shot. The rest were again loaded into wagons, men and women together. The prisoners themselves divided the car into two parts: in one - women, in the other - men. Recovered in a hole in the floor.
On the way, the captured men were dropped off at different stations, and on February 23, 1943, the women were brought to the city of Zoes. Lined up and announced that they would work in military factories. Evgenia Lazarevna Klemm was also in the group of prisoners. Jewish. History teacher at the Odessa Pedagogical Institute, posing as a Serb. She enjoyed special prestige among women prisoners of war. E.L. Klemm, on behalf of everyone, said in German: “We are prisoners of war and will not work at military factories.” In response, they began to beat everyone, and then drove them into a small hall, in which, because of the crowding, it was impossible to sit down or move. It stayed that way for almost a day. And then the rebellious were sent to Ravensbrück. This women's camp was established in 1939. The first prisoners of Ravensbrück were prisoners from Germany, and then from European countries occupied by the Germans. All the prisoners were shaved bald, dressed in striped (blue and gray striped) dresses and unlined jackets. Underwear - shirt and shorts. There were no bras or belts. In October, a pair of old stockings was given out for half a year, but not everyone managed to walk in them until spring. Shoes, as in most concentration camps, are wooden blocks.
The barrack was divided into two parts, connected by a corridor: a day room, in which there were tables, stools and small wall cabinets, and a sleeping room - three-tiered plank beds with a narrow passage between them. For two prisoners, one cotton blanket was issued. In a separate room lived block - senior barracks. There was a washroom in the corridor.

A group of Soviet women prisoners of war arrived at Stalag 370, Simferopol (summer or early autumn 1942):




The prisoners carry all their meager possessions; under the hot Crimean sun, many of them "like a woman" tied their heads with handkerchiefs and took off their heavy boots.

Ibid, Stalag 370, Simferopol:


Prisoners worked mainly in the camp's sewing factories. In Ravensbrück, 80% of all uniforms for the SS troops were made, as well as camp clothing for both men and women.
The first Soviet female prisoners of war - 536 people - arrived at the camp on February 28, 1943. At first, everyone was sent to a bathhouse, and then they were given striped camp clothes with a red triangle with the inscription: "SU" - Sowjet Union.
Even before the arrival of the Soviet women, the SS spread a rumor around the camp that a gang of female murderers would be brought from Russia. Therefore, they were placed in a special block, fenced with barbed wire.
Every day, the prisoners got up at 4 in the morning for verification, sometimes lasting several hours. Then they worked for 12-13 hours in sewing workshops or in the camp infirmary.
Breakfast consisted of ersatz coffee, which the women used mainly to wash their hair, as there was no warm water. For this purpose, coffee was collected and washed in turn.
Women whose hair survived began to use combs, which they themselves made. Frenchwoman Micheline Morel recalls that “Russian girls, using factory machines, cut wooden planks or metal plates and polished them so that they became quite acceptable combs. For a wooden scallop they gave half a portion of bread, for a metal one - a whole portion.
For lunch, the prisoners received half a liter of gruel and 2-3 boiled potatoes. In the evening, for five people, they received a small loaf of bread with an admixture of sawdust and again half a liter of gruel.

The impression that Soviet women made on the prisoners of Ravensbrück is testified in her memoirs by one of the prisoners, S. Müller:
“...on one Sunday in April, we learned that Soviet prisoners refused to follow some order, referring to the fact that, according to the Geneva Convention of the Red Cross, they should be treated like prisoners of war. For the camp authorities, this was unheard of insolence. The whole first half of the day they were forced to march along Lagerstrasse (the main "street" of the camp. - A. Sh.) and deprived of lunch.
But the women from the Red Army bloc (as we called the barracks where they lived) decided to turn this punishment into a demonstration of their strength. I remember someone shouted in our block: “Look, the Red Army is marching!” We ran out of the barracks and rushed to Lagerstrasse. And what did we see?
It was unforgettable! Five hundred Soviet women, ten in a row, keeping alignment, walked, as if in a parade, minting a step. Their steps, like a drum roll, beat rhythmically along the Lagerstrasse. The whole column moved as a single unit. Suddenly, a woman on the right flank of the first row gave the command to sing. She counted out: “One, two, three!” And they sang:

Get up great country
Rise to the death fight...

I had heard them sing this song under their breath in their barracks before. But here it sounded like a call to fight, like faith in a quick victory.
Then they sang about Moscow.
The Nazis were puzzled: the punishment by marching the humiliated prisoners of war turned into a demonstration of their strength and inflexibility ...
It was not possible for the SS to leave Soviet women without lunch. Political prisoners took care of food for them in advance.

Soviet women prisoners of war more than once struck their enemies and fellow campers with their unity and spirit of resistance. Once 12 Soviet girls were included in the list of prisoners destined to be sent to Majdanek, to the gas chambers. When the SS men came to the barracks to take the women away, the comrades refused to hand them over. The SS managed to find them. “The remaining 500 people lined up in fives and went to the commandant. The translator was E.L. Klemm. The commandant drove the newcomers into the block, threatening them with execution, and they began a hunger strike.
In February 1944, about 60 women prisoners of war from Ravensbrück were transferred to a concentration camp in the city of Barth at the Heinkel aircraft factory. The girls refused to work there. Then they were lined up in two rows and ordered to strip down to their shirts and remove the wooden blocks. For many hours they stood in the cold, every hour the matron came and offered coffee and a bed to anyone who would agree to go to work. Then the three girls were thrown into a punishment cell. Two of them died of pneumonia.
Constant bullying, hard labor, hunger led to suicide. In February 1945, the defender of Sevastopol, military doctor Zinaida Aridova, threw herself on the wire.
Nevertheless, the prisoners believed in liberation, and this belief sounded in a song composed by an unknown author:

Keep your head up, Russian girls!
Above your head, be bold!
We don't have long to endure.
The nightingale will fly in the spring ...
And open the door for us to freedom,
Takes the striped dress off her shoulders
And heal deep wounds
Wipe the tears from swollen eyes.
Keep your head up, Russian girls!
Be Russian everywhere, everywhere!
Not long to wait, not long -
And we will be on Russian soil.

Former prisoner Germaine Tillon, in her memoirs, gave a peculiar description of Russian women prisoners of war who ended up in Ravensbrück: “... their solidarity was explained by the fact that they had gone through army school even before being captured. They were young, strong, neat, honest, and also rather rude and uneducated. There were also intellectuals (doctors, teachers) among them - friendly and attentive. In addition, we liked their disobedience, unwillingness to obey the Germans.

Women prisoners of war were also sent to other concentration camps. Prisoner of Auschwitz A. Lebedev recalls that paratroopers Ira Ivannikova, Zhenya Saricheva, Viktorina Nikitina, doctor Nina Kharlamova and nurse Claudia Sokolova were kept in the women's camp.
In January 1944, for refusing to sign an agreement to work in Germany and move into the category of civilian workers, more than 50 female prisoners of war from the camp in Chelm were sent to Majdanek. Among them were doctor Anna Nikiforova, military paramedics Efrosinya Tsepennikova and Tonya Leontyeva, infantry lieutenant Vera Matyutskaya.
Navigator of the air regiment Anna Egorova, whose plane was shot down over Poland, shell-shocked, with a burnt face, was taken prisoner and kept in the Kyustrinsky camp.
Despite the death reigning in captivity, despite the fact that any connection between male and female prisoners of war was forbidden, where they worked together, most often in camp infirmaries, love was sometimes born that gave new life. As a rule, in such rare cases, the German leadership of the infirmary did not interfere with childbirth. After the birth of the child, the mother-prisoner of war was either transferred to the status of a civilian, released from the camp and released at the place of residence of her relatives in the occupied territory, or returned with the child to the camp.
So, from the documents of the Stalag camp infirmary No. 352 in Minsk, it is known that “the nurse Sindeva Alexandra, who arrived at the City Hospital for childbirth on February 23, 1942, left with her child for the Rollbahn prisoner of war camp.”

Probably one of the last photographs of Soviet female soldiers captured by the Germans, 1943 or 1944:


Both were awarded medals, the girl on the left - "For Courage" (dark edging on the block), the second may have "BZ". There is an opinion that these are female pilots, but - IMHO - it is unlikely: both have "clean" shoulder straps of privates.

In 1944, the attitude towards women prisoners of war hardened. They are subjected to new tests. In accordance with the general provisions on the testing and selection of Soviet prisoners of war, on March 6, 1944, the OKW issued a special order "On the treatment of Russian women prisoners of war." This document stated that Soviet women prisoners of war held in camps should be subjected to checks by the local Gestapo branch in the same way as all newly arriving Soviet prisoners of war. If, as a result of a police check, the political unreliability of female prisoners of war is revealed, they should be released from captivity and handed over to the police.
On the basis of this order, on April 11, 1944, the head of the Security Service and the SD issued an order to send unreliable female prisoners of war to the nearest concentration camp. After being delivered to the concentration camp, such women were subjected to the so-called "special treatment" - liquidation. This is how Vera Panchenko-Pisanetskaya died - the eldest of a group of seven hundred female prisoners of war who worked at a military factory in the city of Gentin. A lot of marriage was produced at the plant, and during the investigation it turned out that Vera led the sabotage. In August 1944 she was sent to Ravensbrück and hanged there in the autumn of 1944.
In the Stutthof concentration camp in 1944, 5 Russian senior officers were killed, including a female major. They were taken to the crematorium - the place of execution. First the men were brought in and shot one by one. Then a woman. According to a Pole who worked in the crematorium and understood Russian, the SS man, who spoke Russian, mocked the woman, forcing her to follow his commands: “right, left, around ...” After that, the SS man asked her: “Why did you do this? ” What she did, I never found out. She replied that she did it for the motherland. After that, the SS man slapped him in the face and said: "This is for your homeland." The Russian spat in his eyes and replied: “And this is for your homeland.” There was confusion. Two SS men ran up to the woman and began to push her alive into the furnace for burning corpses. She resisted. Several more SS men ran up. The officer shouted: “Into her furnace!” The oven door was open and the heat set the woman's hair on fire. Despite the fact that the woman vigorously resisted, she was placed on a cart for burning corpses and pushed into the furnace. This was seen by all the prisoners who worked in the crematorium. Unfortunately, the name of this heroine remains unknown.
________________________________________ ____________________

Yad Vashem archive. M-33/1190, l. 110.

There. M-37/178, l. 17.

There. M-33/482, l. sixteen.

There. M-33/60, l. 38.

There. M-33/303, l 115.

There. M-33/309, l. 51.

There. M-33/295, l. 5.

There. M-33/302, l. 32.

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Archive Yad Vashem. M-33/1182, l. 94-95.

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Archive Yad Vashem. M-33/1182, l. eleven.

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B. P. Sherman. ... And the earth was horrified. (About the atrocities of the German fascists in the city of Baranovichi and its environs on June 27, 1941 - July 8, 1944). Facts, documents, evidence. Baranovichi. 1990, p. 8-9.

S. M. Fischer. Memories. Manuscript. Author's archive.

K. Kromiadi. Soviet prisoners of war in Germany... p. 197.

T. S. Pershina. Fascist genocide in Ukraine 1941-1944… p. 143.

Archive Yad Vashem. M-33/626, l. 50-52. M-33/627, sheet. 62-63.

N. Lemeshchuk. I didn't bow my head. (On the activities of the anti-fascist underground in the Nazi camps) Kyiv, 1978, p. 32-33.

There. E. L. Klemm, shortly after returning from the camp, after endless calls to the state security agencies, where they sought her confession of betrayal, committed suicide

G. S. Zabrodskaya. The will to win. On Sat. "Witnesses for the Prosecution". L. 1990, p. 158; S. Muller. Locksmith team Ravensbrück. Memoirs of a Prisoner No. 10787. M., 1985, p. 7.

Women of Ravensbrück. M., 1960, p. 43, 50.

G. S. Zabrodskaya. The will to win... p. 160.

S. Muller. Locksmith team Ravensbrück ... p. 51-52.

Women of Ravensbrück… p.127.

G. Vaneev. Heroines of the Sevastopol fortress. Simferopol. 1965, p. 82-83.

G. S. Zabrodskaya. The will to win... p. 187.

N. Tsvetkova. 900 days in fascist dungeons. In: In Fascist dungeons. Notes. Minsk. 1958, p. 84.

A. Lebedev. Soldiers of a small war ... p. 62.

A. Nikiforova. This shouldn't happen again. M., 1958, p. 6-11.

N. Lemeshchuk. Head not bowed... p. 27. In 1965, A. Egorova was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Archive Yad Vashem. М-33/438 part II, l. 127.

A. Stream. Die Behandlung sowjetischer Kriegsgefengener… S. 153.

A. Nikiforova. This must not happen again... p. 106.

A. Stream. Die Behandlung sowjetischer Kriegsgefengener…. S. 153-154.