Mayakovsky's biography contains many dubious moments that make us wonder who the poet really was - a servant of communism or a romantic? A brief biography of Vladimir Mayakovsky will allow you to get a general idea of the life of the poet.
The writer was born in Georgia, in the village. Baghdadi, Kutaisi province, July 7, 1893. Little Vova studied well and diligently, showed interest in painting. Soon the Mayakovsky family is experiencing a tragedy - the father dies. Working as a forester, the father of the future poet was the only earner. Therefore, a family that has experienced the loss of a loved one finds itself in a difficult financial situation. Further, the biography of Mayakovsky leads us to Moscow. Vladimir is forced to help his mother earn money. He does not have time for classes, so he cannot boast of academic success. During this period, Mayakovsky disagrees with the teacher. As a result of the conflict, the rebellious nature of the poet first manifests itself, and he loses interest in his studies. The school decides to expel the future genius from school due to poor academic performance.
Biography of Mayakovsky: youthful years
After school, Vladimir joins the Social Democratic Party. During this period, the poet is subjected to several arrests. Vladimir wrote his first poem at this time. After his release, Mayakovsky continued his literary work. While studying at the gymnasium, the writer met David Burliuk, who was the founder of a new literary movement - Russian futurism. Soon they become friends, and this leaves an imprint on the theme of Vladimir's work. He supports the futurists, joins their ranks and writes poetry in this genre. The first works of the poet are dated 1912. Soon the well-known tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" will be written. In 1915, work was completed on the most outstanding poem "A Cloud in Trousers".
Biography of Mayakovsky: love experiences
His literary work was not limited to propaganda pamphlets and satirical fables. The theme of love is present in the life and work of the poet. A person lives as long as he experiences a state of love, Mayakovsky believed so. The biography and work of the poet testify to his love experiences. The muse of the writer - Lilya Brik, the closest person to him, was ambiguous in her feelings for the writer. Another great love of Vladimir - Tatyana Yakovleva - never married him.
The tragic death of Mayakovsky
To this day, there are conflicting rumors about the mysterious death of the poet. On April 14, 1930, the writer shot himself in his rented apartment in Moscow under unclear circumstances. Vladimir at that time was 37 years old. Whether it was suicide, or whether Mayakovsky was helped to go to the next world, one can only guess. A brief biography of Mayakovsky contains evidence that confirms any of the versions. One thing is indisputable: the country in one day lost a brilliant poet and a great man.
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky is a truly outstanding personality. A talented poet, playwright, screenwriter and actor. One of the most striking and odious figures of his time.
He was born on July 19, 1893 in the Georgian village of Baghdati. The family had five children: two daughters and three sons, but of all the boys, only Vladimir survived. The boy studied at a local gymnasium, and then at a school in Moscow, where he moved with his mother and sister. By that time, his father was no longer there: he died of blood poisoning.
During the revolution, hard times came for the family, there was not enough money, and there was nothing to pay for Volodya's education. He did not finish his studies, and later joined the Social Democratic Party. For political beliefs and participation in riots, Mayakovsky was arrested more than once. It was in prison that the first lines of the great poet were born.
In 1911, the young man decided to continue his studies at the school of painting, however, his teachers did not appreciate his work: they were too peculiar. During his studies, Mayakovsky became close to the Futurists, whose work turned out to be close to him, and in 1912 he published the first poem "Night".
In 1915, one of the most famous poems "A Cloud in Trousers" was written, which he first read at a reception at Lily Brik's house. This woman became his main love and his curse. All his life he loved and hated her, they broke up and rekindled countless times. The poem dedicated to her, Lilichka, is one of the most powerful and touching declarations of love in modern literature. In addition to Lilia, there were many other women in the life of the poet, but not one of them was able to touch those strings of the soul with which Lilichka played so skillfully.
In general, Mayakovsky's love lyrics did not attract; his main attention was occupied by politics and satire on topical topics. The poem "Seated" is perhaps one of the most striking demonstrations of Mayakovsky's satirical talent. What is important, the plot of the poem is relevant to this day. In addition, he writes many scripts for films and starred in them himself. The most famous film that has survived to this day is The Young Lady and the Hooligan.
The theme of revolution occupies a huge place in the creative heritage of the poet. The poet enthusiastically perceived what was happening, although at that time he had a very difficult time financially. At this time, he wrote "Mystery-buff". Almost until his death, Mayakovsky glorifies Soviet power, and for its 10th anniversary, he writes the poem "Good."
(Painting by Vladimir Mayakovsky "Roulette")
With his works glorifying the revolution and Comrade Lenin, Mayakovsky toured Europe and America a lot. He draws satirical and propaganda posters, works in several publishing houses, including ROSTA Windows of Satire. In 1923, together with several associates, he created the LEF creative studio. One after another, in 1928 and 1929, two famous plays by the author, Bedbug and Bathhouse, were published.
Mayakovsky's calling card was the unusual style he invented and the poetic meter in the form of a ladder, as well as many neologisms. He is also credited with the glory of the first advertiser of the USSR, because he stood at the origins of this direction, created masterpiece posters calling for the purchase of a particular product. Each drawing was accompanied by uncomplicated, but sonorous verses.
(G. Egoshin "V. Mayakovsky")
A large place in the poet's lyrics is occupied by children's poems. Big Uncle Mayakovsky, as he called himself, writes amazingly touching lines for the younger generation and personally speaks with them to young listeners. The poem “Whom to be” or “What is good and what is bad” was known by heart to every Soviet, and after that Russian schoolchild. Many critics noted the amazing artistic style of the author and his ability to simply and clearly express far from childish thoughts in a language accessible to kids.
However, like many poets of the 20th century, Mayakovsky did not hide the fact that he was disappointed in the chosen direction. Towards the end of his life, he moved away from the circle of futurists. The new government headed by Stalin did not at all inspire his creative potential, and more and more severe censorship and criticism fell upon him over and over again. His exhibition "20 Years of Work" was ignored by politicians and even friends and colleagues. This markedly crippled Mayakovsky, and the subsequent failure of his plays only exacerbated the situation. Failures on the love front, in creative activity, refusal to travel abroad - all this affected the emotional state of the writer.
On April 14, 1930, the poet shot himself in his room, contrary to the lines he once wrote: “And I won’t go out into the flight, and I won’t drink poison, and I won’t be able to pull the trigger over my temple ...”
The writing
The work of Mayakovsky to this day remains an outstanding artistic achievement of Russian poetry at the beginning. XX century His works are not devoid of ideological distortions and propaganda rhetoric, but they cannot cross out the objective significance and scale of Mayakovsky's artistic talent, the reformist essence of his poetic experiments, which for his contemporaries, and for the poet's descendants, were associated with a revolution in art.
Mayakovsky was born in Georgia, where he spent his childhood. After the death of his father in 1906, the family moved to Moscow, where Mayakovsky entered the 4th grade of the Fifth Moscow Gymnasium. In 1908 he was expelled from there, and a month later Mayakovsky was arrested by the police in the underground printing house of the Moscow Committee of the RSDLP. Over the next year, he was arrested twice more. In 1910-1911, Mayakovsky studied in the studio of the artist P. Kelin, and then studied at the School of Painting, met the artist and poet D. Burliuk, under whose influence Mayakovsky's avant-garde aesthetic tastes were formed.
Mayakovsky wrote his first poems in 1909 in prison, to which he got through connections with underground revolutionary organizations. The poems of the debutant poet were written in a rather traditional manner, which imitated the poetry of the Russian Symbolists, and M. himself immediately abandoned them. A real poetic baptism for M. was his acquaintance in 1911 with futurist poets. In 1912, Mr.. M., together with other futurists, issued the almanac "Slap in the Face of Public Taste" ("Slap in the Face of Public Taste"), signed by D. Burliuk, O. Kruchenykh and V. Mayakovsky. With Mayakovsky’s poems “Night” (“Night”) and “Morning” (“Morning”), in which, in a shockingly daring manner, he proclaimed a break with the traditions of Russian classics, called for the creation of a new language and literature, one that would correspond to the spirit of modern " machines" of civilization and the tasks of the revolutionary transformation of the world. The practical embodiment of the futuristic theses declared by Mayakovsky in the almanac was the constant staging of his poetic tragedy Vladimir M. at the Luna Park Theater in St. Petersburg in 1913. ("Vladimir M."). Personally, the author acted as a director and performer of the main role - a poet who suffers in a modern city he hates, who cripple the souls of people who, although they elect the poet as their prince, are not able to appreciate the sacrifice he made. In 1913, Mayakovsky, together with other futurists, made a big tour of the cities of the USSR: Simferopol, Sevastopol, Kerch, Odessa, Kishinev, Nikolaev, Kyiv, Minsk, Kazan, Penza, Rostov, Saratov, Tiflis, Baku. The futurists did not limit themselves to the artistic interpretation of the program of the new art and tried to introduce their slogans into life practically, in particular, even clothing and behavior. Their poetry performances, visits to coffee shops, or even an ordinary walk around the city were often accompanied by scandals, brawls, and police intervention.
Under the sign of passion for the futuristic slogans of the restructuring of the world and art is all the work of M. of the pre-revolutionary period, it is characterized by the pathos of the objection of bourgeois reality, which, according to the poet, morally cripples a person, awareness of the tragedy of human existence in the world of profit, calls for a revolutionary renewal of the world: poems " Inferno of the City” (“Hell of the City”, 1913), “Nate!” (“Nate!”, 1913), collection “I” (1913), poems “Cloud in Pants” (“Cloud in Pants”, 1915), “Flute-Spine” (“Flute-Spine”, 1915), “War and Peace” (“War and Peace”, 1916), “Man” (“Man”, 1916) and others. The poet sharply objected to the First World War, which he characterized as a senseless massacre: the article “Civilian Shrapnel” 1914), the verse "War is declared" ("War is declared", 1914), ("Mother and the evening killed by the Germans", 1914), etc. With sarcastic irony, the poet refers to the hypocritical world of bureaucrats, careerists who discredit honest work, a clear conscience and high art: (“Hymn to the Judge”, 1915), “Hymn to the Scientist”, (“Hymn to the Scientist”, 1915), “Hymn to the Khabar” (“Hymn to the Bribe”, 1915), etc.
The pinnacle of Mayakovsky's pre-revolutionary creativity is the poem "A Cloud in Pants", which became a kind of programmatic work of the poet, in which he most clearly and expressively outlined his worldview and aesthetic attitudes. In the poem, which the poet himself called "the catechism of modern art", four slogans are proclaimed and figuratively concretized: "Away with your love", "Away with your order", "Away with your art", "Away with your religion" - "four cries of four parts." The image of a person who suffers from the incompleteness and hypocrisy of being that surrounds him, who protests and strives for real human happiness, runs through the whole poem as a leitmotif. The initial title of the poem - "The Thirteenth Apostle" - was crossed out by censorship, but it is it that more deeply and accurately conveys the main pathos of this work and all of Mayakovsky's early work. The apostle is the teachings of Christ, called to introduce his teachings into life, but in M. this image is quickly approaching the one that later appears in O. Blok's famous poem "The Twelve". Twelve is the traditional number of the closest disciples of Christ and the appearance in this series of the thirteenth, "extra" apostle beyond the biblical canons, is perceived as a challenge to the traditional universe, as an alternative model of a new worldview. The thirteenth apostle of Mayakovsky is both a symbol of the revolutionary renewal of life that the poet aspired to, and at the same time a metaphor that can convey the true scale of the poetic phenomenon of the speaker of the new world - Mayakovsky.
The then poetry of Mayakovsky gives rise not just to individual troubles and shortcomings of modern society, it gives rise to the very possibility of its existence, the fundamental, fundamental principles of its being, acquires the scale of a cosmic rebellion in which the poet feels himself equal to God. Therefore, in their desires, the anti-traditional nature of Mayakovsky's lyrical hero was emphasized. It reached maximum outrageousness, so that, it would seem, they gave “slaps to public taste”, demanded that the hairdresser “comb his ear” (“I didn’t understand anything ...”), squats down and barks like a dog (“That’s how I became a dog ... ") and declares defiantly:" I love to watch children die ... "(" I "), throws at the audience during the performance:" I will laugh and spit joyfully, spit in your face .. ." ("Nate!"). Together with the high growth and loud voice of Mayakovsky, all this created a unique image of a poet-fighter, an apostle-harbinger of a new world. “The poetics of the early Mayakovsky,” writes O. Myasnikov, “is the poetics of the grandiose.
In his poetry of those years, everything is extremely tense. His lyrical hero feels himself capable and obliged to solve not only the tasks and reorganization of his own soul, but also of all mankind, a task not only earthly, but also cosmic. Hyperbolization and complex metaphorization are characteristic features of the early Mayakovsky style. The lyrical hero of the early Mayakovsky feels extremely uncomfortable in a bourgeois-petty-bourgeois environment. He hates and despises anyone who interferes with the Capital Man's life as a human being. The problem of humanism is one of the central problems of early Mayakovsky.
The work of Mayakovsky to this day remains an outstanding artistic achievement of Russian poetry at the beginning. XX century His works are not devoid of ideological distortions and propaganda rhetoric, but they cannot cross out the objective significance and scale of Mayakovsky's artistic talent, the reformist essence of his poetic experiments, which for his contemporaries, and for the poet's descendants, were associated with a revolution in art.
Mayakovsky was born in Georgia, where he spent his childhood. After the death of his father in 1906, the family moved to Moscow, where Mayakovsky entered the 4th grade of the Fifth Moscow Gymnasium. In 1908, he was expelled from there, and a month later, Mayakovsky was arrested by the police in the underground printing house of the Moscow Committee of the RSDLP. Over the next year, he was arrested twice more. In 1910-1911, Mayakovsky studied in the studio of the artist P. Kelin, and then studied at the School of Painting, met the artist and poet D. Burliuk, under whose influence Mayakovsky's avant-garde aesthetic tastes were formed.
Mayakovsky wrote his first poems in 1909 in prison, to which he got through connections with underground revolutionary organizations. The poems of the debutant poet were written in a rather traditional manner, which imitated the poetry of the Russian Symbolists, and M. himself immediately abandoned them. A real poetic baptism for M. was his acquaintance in 1911 with futurist poets. In 1912, Mr.. M., together with other futurists, issued the almanac "Slap in the Face of Public Taste" ("Slap in the Face of Public Taste"), signed by D. Burliuk, O. Kruchenykh and V. Mayakovsky. With Mayakovsky’s poems “Night” (“Night”) and “Morning” (“Morning”), in which, in a shockingly daring manner, he proclaimed a break with the traditions of Russian classics, called for the creation of a new language and literature, one that would correspond to the spirit of modern " machines" of civilization and the tasks of the revolutionary transformation of the world. The practical embodiment of the futuristic theses declared by Mayakovsky in the almanac was the constant staging of his poetic tragedy Vladimir M. at the Luna Park Theater in St. Petersburg in 1913. ("Vladimir M."). Personally, the author acted as a director and performer of the main role - a poet who suffers in a modern city he hates, who cripple the souls of people who, although they elect the poet as their prince, are not able to appreciate the sacrifice he made. In 1913, Mayakovsky, together with other futurists, made a big tour of the cities of the USSR: Simferopol, Sevastopol, Kerch, Odessa, Kishinev, Nikolaev, Kyiv, Minsk, Kazan, Penza, Rostov, Saratov, Tiflis, Baku. The futurists did not limit themselves to the artistic interpretation of the program of the new art and tried to introduce their slogans into life practically, in particular, even clothing and behavior. Their poetry performances, visits to coffee shops, or even an ordinary walk around the city were often accompanied by scandals, brawls, and police intervention.
Under the sign of passion for the futuristic slogans of the restructuring of the world and art is all the work of M. of the pre-revolutionary period, it is characterized by the pathos of the objection of bourgeois reality, which, according to the poet, morally cripples a person, awareness of the tragedy of human existence in the world of profit, calls for a revolutionary renewal of the world: poems " Inferno of the City” (“Hell of the City”, 1913), “Nate!” (“Nate!”, 1913), collection “I” (1913), poems “Cloud in Pants” (“Cloud in Pants”, 1915), “Flute-Spine” (“Flute-Spine”, 1915), “War and Peace” (“War and Peace”, 1916), “Man” (“Man”, 1916) and others. The poet sharply objected to the First World War, which he characterized as a senseless massacre: the article “Civilian Shrapnel” 1914), the verse "War is declared" ("War is declared", 1914), ("Mother and the evening killed by the Germans", 1914), etc. With sarcastic irony, the poet refers to the hypocritical world of bureaucrats, careerists who discredit honest work, a clear conscience and high art: (“Hymn to the Judge”, 1915), “Hymn to the Scientist”, (“Hymn to the Scientist”, 1915), “Hymn to the Khabar” (“Hymn to the Bribe”, 1915), etc.
The pinnacle of Mayakovsky's pre-revolutionary creativity is the poem "A Cloud in Pants", which became a kind of programmatic work of the poet, in which he most clearly and expressively outlined his worldview and aesthetic attitudes. In the poem, which the poet himself called "the catechism of modern art", four slogans are proclaimed and figuratively concretized: "Away with your love", "Away with your order", "Away with your art", "Away with your religion" - "four cries of four parts." The image of a person who suffers from the incompleteness and hypocrisy of being that surrounds him, who protests and strives for real human happiness, runs through the whole poem as a leitmotif. The initial title of the poem - "The Thirteenth Apostle" - was crossed out by censorship, but it is it that more deeply and accurately conveys the main pathos of this work and all of Mayakovsky's early work. The apostle is the teachings of Christ, called to introduce his teachings into life, but in M. this image is quickly approaching the one that later appears in O. Blok's famous poem "The Twelve". Twelve is the traditional number of the closest disciples of Christ and the appearance in this series of the thirteenth, "extra" apostle beyond the biblical canons, is perceived as a challenge to the traditional universe, as an alternative model of a new worldview. The thirteenth apostle of Mayakovsky is both a symbol of the revolutionary renewal of life that the poet aspired to, and at the same time a metaphor that can convey the true scale of the poetic phenomenon of the speaker of the new world - Mayakovsky.
The then poetry of Mayakovsky gives rise not just to individual troubles and shortcomings of modern society, it gives rise to the very possibility of its existence, the fundamental, fundamental principles of its being, acquires the scale of a cosmic rebellion in which the poet feels himself equal to God. Therefore, in their desires, the anti-traditional nature of Mayakovsky's lyrical hero was emphasized. It reached maximum outrageousness, so that, it would seem, they gave “slaps to public taste”, demanded that the hairdresser “comb his ear” (“I didn’t understand anything ...”), squats down and barks like a dog (“That’s how I became a dog ... ") and declares defiantly:" I love to watch children die ... "(" I "), throws at the audience during the performance:" I will laugh and spit joyfully, spit in your face .. ." ("Nate!"). Together with the high growth and loud voice of Mayakovsky, all this created a unique image of a poet-fighter, an apostle-harbinger of a new world. “The poetics of the early Mayakovsky,” writes O. Myasnikov, “is the poetics of the grandiose.
In his poetry of those years, everything is extremely tense. His lyrical hero feels himself capable and obliged to solve not only the tasks and reorganization of his own soul, but also of all mankind, a task not only earthly, but also cosmic. Hyperbolization and complex metaphorization are characteristic features of the early Mayakovsky style. The lyrical hero of the early Mayakovsky feels extremely uncomfortable in a bourgeois-petty-bourgeois environment. He hates and despises anyone who interferes with the Capital Man's life as a human being. The problem of humanism is one of the central problems of early Mayakovsky.
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky Born on July 7 (19), 1893 in Baghdati, Kutaisi province - died on April 14, 1930 in Moscow. Russian and Soviet poet, playwright, screenwriter, film director, actor, artist. One of the most prominent poets of the 20th century.
Vladimir Mayakovsky was born on July 7 (19 according to the new style) July 1893 in Bagdati, Kutaisi province (Georgia).
Father - Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky (1857-1906), served as a forester of the third category in the Erivan province, from 1889 in the Bagdat forestry. The father died of blood poisoning after he pricked his finger with a needle while sewing papers - since then, Vladimir Mayakovsky had a phobia of pins, needles, hairpins, etc., fearing infection, bacteriophobia haunted him all his life.
Mother - Alexandra Alekseevna Pavlenko (1867-1954), from the Kuban Cossacks, was born in the village of Ternovskaya in the Kuban.
In the poem "Vladikavkaz - Tiflis" Mayakovsky calls himself a "Georgian".
One of his grandmothers, Efrosinya Osipovna Danilevskaya, is a cousin of the author of historical novels G. P. Danilevsky.
He had two sisters: Lyudmila (1884-1972) and Olga (1890-1949).
He had two brothers: Konstantin (died at the age of three from scarlet fever) and Alexander (died in infancy).
In 1902, Mayakovsky entered the gymnasium in Kutaisi. Like his parents, he was fluent in Georgian.
In his youth, he participated in revolutionary demonstrations, read propaganda pamphlets.
After the death of his father in 1906, Mayakovsky, together with his mother and sisters, moved to Moscow, where he entered the IV grade of the 5th classical gymnasium (now Moscow school No. 91 on Povarskaya Street, the building has not been preserved), studied in the same class with his brother - Shura.
The family lived in poverty. In March 1908, he was expelled from the 5th grade due to non-payment of tuition.
Mayakovsky published the first "half-poem" in the illegal magazine Impulse, which was published by the Third Gymnasium. According to him, "it turned out incredibly revolutionary and equally ugly."
In Moscow, Mayakovsky met revolutionary-minded students, began to get involved in Marxist literature, and in 1908 joined the RSDLP. He was a propagandist in the commercial and industrial sub-district, in 1908-1909 he was arrested three times (in the case of an underground printing house, on suspicion of being connected with a group of anarchist expropriators, on suspicion of complicity in the escape of female political convicts from Novinsky prison).
In the first case, he was released with transfer under the supervision of his parents by a court verdict as a minor who acted "without understanding", in the second and third cases he was released due to lack of evidence.
In prison, Mayakovsky "scandalized", so he was often transferred from unit to unit: Basmannaya, Meshchanskaya, Myasnitskaya and, finally, Butyrskaya prison, where he spent 11 months in solitary confinement No. 103. In prison in 1909, Mayakovsky again began to write poetry, but was dissatisfied with what was written.
From prison after the third arrest, he was released in January 1910. After his release, he left the party. In 1918 he wrote in his autobiography: “Why not in the party? The communists worked at the fronts. In art and education so far there are compromisers. I was sent to fish in Astrakhan.
In 1911, the poet's friend, the bohemian artist Eugenia Lang, inspired the poet to paint.
Mayakovsky studied in the preparatory class of the Stroganov School, in the studios of the artists S. Yu. Zhukovsky and P. I. Kelin. In 1911 he entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture - the only place where he was accepted without a certificate of reliability. Having met David Burliuk, the founder of the futuristic group "Gilea", he entered the poetic circle and joined the Cubo-Futurists. The first published poem was called "Night" (1912), it was included in the futuristic collection "Slap in the Face of Public Taste".
On November 30, 1912, Mayakovsky's first public performance took place in the artistic cellar "Stray Dog".
In 1913, the first collection of Mayakovsky's "I" was published (a cycle of four poems). It was written by hand, supplied with drawings by Vasily Chekrygin and Lev Zhegin, and lithographically reproduced in the amount of 300 copies. As the first section, this collection was included in the poet's book of poems "Simple as a lowing" (1916). Also, his poems appeared on the pages of the futurist almanacs "Mare's Milk", "Dead Moon", "Roaring Parnassus", etc., began to be published in periodicals.
In the same year, the poet turned to dramaturgy. The programmatic tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" was written and staged. The scenery for it was written by artists from the "Union of Youth" P. N. Filonov and I. S. Shkolnik, and the author himself acted as a director and performer of the main role.
In February 1914, Mayakovsky and Burliuk were expelled from the school for public speaking.
In 1914-1915, Mayakovsky worked on the poem "A Cloud in Trousers". After the outbreak of the First World War, the poem "War is declared" was published. In August, Mayakovsky decided to sign up as a volunteer, but he was not allowed, explaining this by political unreliability. Soon, Mayakovsky expressed his attitude to the service in the tsarist army in the poem “To you!”, Which later became a song.
On March 29, 1914, Mayakovsky, together with Burliuk and Kamensky, arrived on tour in Baku - as part of the "famous Moscow futurists." In the evening of the same day, Mayakovsky read a report on futurism in the theater of the Mayilov brothers, illustrating it with poems.
In July 1915, the poet met Lilya Yurievna and Osip Maksimovich Brik. In 1915-1917, Mayakovsky, under patronage, served in the military in Petrograd at the Automobile Training School.
The soldiers were not allowed to print, but he was saved by Osip Brik, who bought the poems "Flute-Spine" and "Cloud in Pants" at 50 kopecks per line and printed it. His anti-war lyrics: “Mother and the evening killed by the Germans”, “Me and Napoleon”, the poem “War and Peace” (1915). Appeal to satire. Cycle "Hymns" for the magazine "New Satyricon" (1915). In 1916, the first large collection "Simple as a lowing" was published. 1917 - “Revolution. Poetic Chronicle".
On March 3, 1917, Mayakovsky led a detachment of 7 soldiers who arrested the commander of the Automobile Training School, General P. I. Secretev. It is curious that shortly before this, on January 31, Mayakovsky received a silver medal "For Diligence" from Secretev's hands. During the summer of 1917, Mayakovsky energetically petitioned for the recognition of him unfit for military service and was released from it in the fall.
In August 1917, he decided to write The Mystery Buff, which was completed on October 25, 1918 and staged on the anniversary of the revolution (dir. Vs. Meyerhold, art director K. Malevich).
In 1918, Mayakovsky starred in three films based on his own scripts.
Vladimir Mayakovsky in the film "The Young Lady and the Hooligan"
In March 1919, he moved to Moscow, began to actively cooperate in ROSTA (1919-1921), designed (as a poet and as an artist) propaganda and satirical posters for ROSTA (“ROSTA Windows”).
In 1919, the first collected works of the poet were published - “Everything composed by Vladimir Mayakovsky. 1909-1919".
In 1918-1919 he appeared in the newspaper Art of the Commune. Propaganda of the world revolution and the revolution of the spirit.
In 1920 he finished writing the poem "150,000,000", which reflects the theme of the world revolution.
In 1918, Mayakovsky organized the Komfut group (communist futurism), in 1922 - the MAF publishing house (Moscow Association of Futurists), which published several of his books.
In 1923 he organized the LEF group (Left Front of the Arts), the thick magazine LEF (seven issues were published in 1923-1925). Aseev, Pasternak, Osip Brik, B. Arvatov, N. Chuzhak, Tretyakov, Levidov, Shklovsky and others were actively published. He promoted Lef's theories of production art, social order, literature of fact.
At this time, the poems “About This” (1923), “To the Kursk Workers Who Mined the First Ore, a Temporary Monument by Vladimir Mayakovsky” (1923) and “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin” (1924) were published. When the author read a poem about at the Bolshoi Theater, accompanied by a 20-minute ovation, he was present. Mayakovsky mentioned the “leader of the peoples” himself in verse only twice.
Mayakovsky considers the years of the civil war to be the best time in his life; in the poem “Good!”, Written in the prosperous 1927, there are nostalgic chapters.
In 1922-1923, in a number of works, he continued to insist on the need for a world revolution and a revolution of the spirit - “The Fourth International”, “The Fifth International”, “My Speech at the Genoa Conference”, etc.
In 1922-1924, Mayakovsky made several trips abroad - Latvia, France, Germany; wrote essays and poems about European impressions: “How does a democratic republic work?” (1922); "Paris (Conversations with the Eiffel Tower)" (1923) and a number of others.
In 1925, his longest journey took place: a trip to America. Mayakovsky visited Havana, Mexico City, and for three months performed in various US cities with poetry readings and reports. Later, poems were written (the collection "Spain. - Ocean. - Havana. - Mexico. - America") and the essay "My Discovery of America".
In 1925-1928 he traveled extensively throughout the Soviet Union, speaking to various audiences. During these years, the poet published such works as "To Comrade Netta, the Steamboat and the Man" (1926); "Across the cities of the Union" (1927); "The story of the foundryman Ivan Kozyrev ..." (1928).
From February 17 to February 24, 1926, Mayakovsky visited Baku, performed at the opera and drama theaters, in front of oil workers in Balakhani.
In 1922-1926, he actively collaborated with Izvestia, in 1926-1929 - with Komsomolskaya Pravda.
He was published in the magazines: "New World", "Young Guard", "Spark", "Crocodile", "Krasnaya Niva", etc. He worked in agitation and advertising, for which he was criticized by Pasternak, Kataev, Svetlov.
In 1926-1927 he wrote nine screenplays.
In 1927, he restored the LEF magazine under the name "New LEF". There were 24 issues in total. In the summer of 1928, Mayakovsky became disillusioned with the LEF and left the organization and the magazine. In the same year, he began writing his personal biography, "I myself." From October 8 to December 8 - a trip abroad, on the route Berlin - Paris. In November, volumes I and II of the collected works were published.
The satirical plays The Bedbug (1928) and The Bathhouse (1929) were staged by Meyerhold. The poet's satire, especially "Bath", caused persecution from Rapp's criticism. In 1929, the poet organized the REF group, but already in February 1930 he left it, joining the RAPP.
In 1928-1929 Mayakovsky took an active part in the anti-religious campaign. At that time, the NEP was curtailed, the collectivization of agriculture began, and materials of show trials of "pests" appeared in the newspapers.
In 1929, the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee “On Religious Associations” was issued, which worsened the situation of believers. In the same year, Art. 4 of the Constitution of the RSFSR: instead of "freedom of religious and anti-religious propaganda" in the republic, "freedom of religious confession and anti-religious propaganda" was recognized.
As a result, a need arose in the state for anti-religious works of art that corresponded to ideological changes. A number of leading Soviet poets, writers, journalists and filmmakers responded to this need. Among them was Mayakovsky. In 1929, he wrote the poem "We Must Fight", in which he denounced believers and called for rebellion.
In the same 1929, together with Maxim Gorky and Demyan Bedny, he took part in the II Congress of the Union of Militant Atheists. In his speech at the congress, Mayakovsky called on writers and poets to take part in the fight against religion: “We can already unmistakably discern a fascist Mauser behind the Catholic cassock. We can already unmistakably distinguish the cut of a fist behind the priest's cassock, but thousands of other intricacies through art entangle us with the same accursed mysticism. ... If it is still possible in one way or another to understand the brainless from the flock, who have been driving into themselves a religious feeling for whole dozens of years, the so-called believers, then we must qualify a religious writer who works consciously and still works religiously, we must qualify either as a charlatan, or like a fool. Comrades, their pre-revolutionary meetings and congresses usually ended with the call "to God" - today the congress will end with the words "to God." This is the slogan of today's writer,” he said.
Features of the style and creativity of Vladimir Mayakovsky
Many researchers of Mayakovsky's creative development liken his poetic life to a five-act action with a prologue and an epilogue.
The role of a kind of prologue in the creative path of the poet was played by the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" (1913), the first act was the poem "A Cloud in Pants" (1914-1915) and "Flute-Spine" (1915), the second act - the poem "(1915-1916) and" Man "(1916-1917), the third act is the play" Mystery Buff "(first version - 1918, second - 1920-1921) and the poem" 150,000,000 "(1919-1920), the fourth act - the poems "I Love" (1922), "About this" (1923) and "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (1924), the fifth act - the poem "Good!" (1927) and the plays "The Bedbug" (1928-1929) and "Bath" (1929-1930), the epilogue is the first and second introductions to the poem "Out loud" (1928-1930) and the poet's dying letter "To All" (12 April 1930).
The rest of Mayakovsky's works, including numerous poems, tend to one or another part of this general picture, which is based on the poet's major works.
In his works, Mayakovsky was uncompromising, and therefore uncomfortable. In the works written by him in the late 1920s, tragic motifs began to appear. Critics called him only a “fellow traveler”, and not a “proletarian writer”, as he wanted to see himself.
In 1930, he organized an exhibition dedicated to the 20th anniversary of his work, but he was interfered in every possible way, and none of the writers and leaders of the state visited the exposition itself.
In the spring of 1930, the Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard was preparing a grandiose performance of "Moscow is on fire" based on Mayakovsky's play, the dress rehearsal was scheduled for April 21, but the poet did not live to see it.
Mayakovsky’s early work was expressive and metaphorical (“I’m going to sob that policemen were crucified at the crossroads”, “Could you?”), combined the energy of a rally and demonstration with the most lyrical intimacy (“The violin was writhing begging”), Nietzsche’s theomachism and carefully disguised in the soul a religious feeling ("I, who sing of the machine and England / Maybe just / In the most ordinary gospel / The thirteenth apostle").
According to the poet, it all started with the line "He launched a pineapple into the sky." David Burliuk introduced the young poet to the poetry of Rimbaud, Baudelaire, Verlaine, Verharne, but Whitman's free verse had a decisive influence.
Mayakovsky did not recognize traditional poetic meters, he invented rhythm for his poems; polymetric compositions are united by style and a single syntactic intonation, which is set by the graphic presentation of the verse: first, by dividing the verse into several lines written in a column, and since 1923, the famous "ladder", which became Mayakovsky's "calling card". The short flight of stairs helped Mayakovsky to make his poems read with the correct intonation, since sometimes commas were not enough.
After 1917, Mayakovsky began to write a lot, in five pre-revolutionary years he wrote one volume of poetry and prose, in twelve post-revolutionary years - eleven volumes. For example, in 1928 he wrote 125 poems and a play. He spent a lot of time traveling around the Union and abroad. On trips, sometimes he held 2-3 speeches a day (not counting participation in debates, meetings, conferences, etc.).
However, later, disturbing and restless thoughts began to appear in Mayakovsky’s works, he exposes the vices and shortcomings of the new system (from the poem “The Sitting Ones”, 1922, to the play “The Bathhouse”, 1929).
It is believed that in the mid-1920s he began to become disillusioned with the socialist system, his so-called trips abroad are perceived as attempts to escape from himself, in the poem "Out loud" there is a line "rummaging through today's petrified shit" (in the version corrected by censorship - "shit"). Although poems imbued with official cheerfulness, including those dedicated to collectivization, he continued to create until his last days.
Another feature of the poet is the combination of pathos and lyricism with the most poisonous Shchedrin satire.
Mayakovsky had a great influence on the poetry of the 20th century. Especially on Kirsanov, Voznesensky, Yevtushenko, Rozhdestvensky, Kedrov, and also made a significant contribution to children's poetry.
Mayakovsky turned to his descendants, into the distant future, confident that he would be remembered hundreds of years later:
my verse
labor
will break through the mass of years
and will appear
weighty,
rough,
visibly
like nowadays
plumbing came in
worked out
still slaves of Rome.
Vladimir Mayakovsky. Documentary
Suicide of Vladimir Mayakovsky
1930 began unsuccessfully for Mayakovsky. He was sick a lot. In February, Lilya and Osip Brik left for Europe.
Mayakovsky was worked hard in the newspapers as a "fellow traveler of the Soviet government" - while he himself saw himself as a proletarian writer.
There was an embarrassment with his long-awaited exhibition "20 Years of Work", which was not visited by any of the prominent writers and leaders of the state, which the poet hoped for. In March, the premiere of the play "Banya" was held without success, and the performance "Bedbug" was also expected to fail.
At the beginning of April 1930, a greeting "to the great proletarian poet on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of work and social activity" was withdrawn from the layout magazine "Print and Revolution". In literary circles, rumors circulated that Mayakovsky had written himself. The poet was denied a visa for a trip abroad.
Two days before his suicide, on April 12, Mayakovsky had a meeting with readers at the Polytechnic Institute, which gathered mainly Komsomol members, and there were many boorish shouts from the field. The poet was haunted everywhere by quarrels and scandals. His mental state became more and more disturbing and depressing.
Since the spring of 1919, Mayakovsky, despite the fact that he constantly lived with the Briks, had a small boat room for work on the fourth floor in a communal apartment on Lubyanka (now it is the State Museum of V.V. Mayakovsky, Lubyansky proezd, 3/6 page 4). It was in this room that the suicide took place.
On the morning of April 14, Mayakovsky had an appointment with Veronika (Nora) Polonskaya. The poet met with Polonskaya for the second year, insisted on her divorce, and even signed up for a writers' cooperative in the passage of the Art Theater, where he was going to move to live with Nora.
As 82-year-old Polonskaya recalled in 1990 in an interview with Soviet Screen magazine (No. 13 - 1990), on that fateful morning, the poet called for her at eight o'clock, because at 10.30 she had a rehearsal with Nemirovich in the theater -Danchenko.
“I couldn’t be late, this angered Vladimir Vladimirovich. He locked the doors, hid the key in his pocket, began to demand that I not go to the theater, and generally left there. He cried ... I asked if he would take me. “No "- he said, but promised to call. And he also asked if I had money for a taxi. I had no money, he gave twenty rubles ... I managed to reach the front door and heard a shot. I rushed about, I was afraid to return. Then she came in and saw the smoke from the shot that had not yet dissipated. There was a small bloody stain on Mayakovsky's chest. I rushed to him, I repeated: "What have you done? .." He tried to raise his head. Then his head fell, and he began to turn terribly pale ... People appeared, someone said to me: “Run, meet the ambulance ... I ran out, met. I returned, and on the stairs someone said to me: “It's too late. He died ... ", - recalled Veronika Polonskaya.
The suicide note, prepared two days earlier, is very detailed (which, according to the researchers, excludes the version of the spontaneity of the shot), begins with the words: “Do not blame anyone for the fact that I am dying, and please do not gossip, the deceased did not like this terribly ...".
The poet calls Lilya Brik (and also Veronica Polonskaya), mother and sisters members of his family and asks to transfer all the poems and archives to the Briks.
Letter from Vladimir Mayakovsky:
"Everyone
Don't blame anyone for dying, and please don't gossip. The dead man disliked this terribly.
Mom, sisters and comrades, I'm sorry - this is not the way (I do not advise others), but I have no way out.
Lily - love me.
Comrade government, my family is Lilya Brik, mother, sisters and Veronika Vitoldovna Polonskaya.
If you give them a decent life, thank you.
Give the started poems to the Briks, they will figure it out.
As they say -
"incident over"
love boat
crashed into life.
I'm in with life
and no list
mutual pain,
and resentment.
Happy to stay.
12/IV -30
Comrades Wappovtsy, do not consider me cowardly.
Seriously, there's nothing you can do.
Hello.
Tell Yermilov that it's a pity - he took off the slogan, we should have a fight.
In the table I have 2000 rubles. - pay tax. Get the rest from Giza.
Briki managed to arrive at the funeral, urgently interrupting the European tour. Polonskaya, on the contrary, did not dare to attend, since Mayakovsky's mother and sisters considered her to be the culprit of the death of the poet.
For three days, with an endless stream of people, the farewell went on in the House of Writers. Tens of thousands of admirers of his talent were escorted to the Donskoy cemetery in an iron coffin to the singing of the Internationale. Ironically, the “futuristic” iron coffin for Mayakovsky was made by the avant-garde sculptor Anton Lavinsky, the husband of the artist Lily Lavinskaya, who gave birth to a son from a relationship with Mayakovsky.
The poet was cremated in the first Moscow crematorium, opened three years earlier, near the Donskoy Monastery. The brain was harvested for research by the Brain Institute. Initially, the ashes were located there, in the columbarium of the New Donskoy cemetery, but as a result of the persistent actions of Lilia Brik and the elder sister of the poet Lyudmila, the urn with the ashes of Mayakovsky was transferred on May 22, 1952 and buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.
Mayakovsky. Last love, last shot
Height of Vladimir Mayakovsky: 189 centimeters.
Personal life of Vladimir Mayakovsky:
Was not married. Two children from extramarital relations.
The poet had many different novels, a number of which went down in history.
He was in a relationship with Elsa Triolet, thanks to whom appeared in his life.
- "The muse of the Russian avant-garde", the hostess of one of the most famous literary and art salons in the 20th century. The author of memoirs, the addressee of the works of Vladimir Mayakovsky, who played an important role in the life of the poet. Sister of Elsa Triolet. She was married to Osip Brik, Vitaly Primakov, Vasily Katanyan.
For a long period of Mayakovsky's creative life, Lilya Brik was his muse. They met in July 1915 at her parents' dacha in Malakhovka near Moscow. At the end of July, Lily's sister Elsa Triole brought Mayakovsky, who had recently arrived from Finland, to Brikov's Petrograd apartment on ul. Zhukovsky, 7.
Briks, people far from literature, were engaged in entrepreneurship, having inherited from their parents a small but profitable coral business. Mayakovsky read at their house the yet unpublished poem "A Cloud in Pants" and, after an enthusiastic reception, dedicated it to the mistress - "To You, Lilya." The poet later called this day "the most joyful date."
Osip Brik - Lily's husband - in September 1915 published a poem in a small edition. Carried away by Lily, the poet settled in the Palais Royal Hotel on Pushkinskaya Street in Petrograd, never returning to Finland.
In November, the futurist moved even closer to Brikov's apartment - to Nadezhdinskaya Street, 52. Soon Mayakovsky introduced new friends to friends, futurist poets - D. Burliuk, V. Kamensky, B. Pasternak, V. Khlebnikov and others. Brikov's apartment on the street . Zhukovsky becomes a bohemian salon, which was visited not only by the futurists, but also by M. Kuzmin, M. Gorky, V. Shklovsky, R. Yakobson, as well as other writers, philologists and artists.
Soon, a stormy romance broke out between Mayakovsky and Lilya Brik, with the obvious connivance of Osip. This novel was reflected in the poems Flute-Spine (1915) and Man (1916) and in the poems To Everything (1916), Lilichka! Instead of a letter" (1916). After that, Mayakovsky began to devote all his works (except for the poem "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin") to Lila Brik.
In 1918, Lilya and Vladimir starred in the film Chained by Film based on Mayakovsky's script. To date, the film has survived in fragments. Photographs and a large poster also survived, where Lilya is drawn, entangled in film.
Vladimir Mayakovsky and Lilya Brik in the film Chained by Film
Since the summer of 1918, Mayakovsky and Briki lived together, the three of them, which quite fit into the marriage-love concept popular after the revolution, known as the "Theory of a glass of water." At this time, all three finally switched to the Bolshevik positions. In early March 1919, they moved from Petrograd to Moscow to a communal apartment at 5 Poluektov Lane, and then, from September 1920, they settled in two rooms in a house at the corner of Myasnitskaya Street at 3 Vodopyany Lane. Then all three moved to an apartment in Gendrikov lane on Taganka. Mayakovsky and Lilya worked at the ROSTA Windows, and Osip served for some time in the Cheka and was a member of the Bolshevik Party.
Bibliography of Vladimir Mayakovsky:
Autobiography:
1928 - "I myself"
Poems:
1914-15 - "A Cloud in Trousers"
1915 - "Flute-spine"
1916-17 - "Man"
1921-22 - "I love"
1923 - "About it"
1924 - "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
1925 - "Flying Proletarian"
1927 - "Good!"
Poems:
1912 - "Night"
1912 - "Morning"
1912 - "Port"
1913 - "From street to street"
1913 - "Could you?"
1913 - "Signs"
1913 - "I": On the pavement; A few words about my wife; A few words about my mother; A few words about myself
1913 - "From fatigue"
1913 - "Adish of the city"
1913 - "Nate!"
1913 - "They don't understand anything"
1914 - Veil Jacket
1914 - "Listen"
1914 - "And yet"
1914 - "War is declared". July 20
1914 - "Mom and the Evening Killed by the Germans"
1914 - "Violin and a little nervous"
1915 - "Me and Napoleon"
1915 - "To you"
1915 - "Hymn to the Judge"
1915 - "Hymn to the scientist"
1915 - "Naval Love"
1915 - "Hymn to Health"
1915 - "Hymn to Criticism"
1915 - "Hymn to Dinner"
1915 - "That's how I became a dog"
1915 - "Magnificent absurdities"
1915 - "Hymn to Bribe"
1915 - "Attentive attitude towards bribe-takers"
1915 - "Monstrous Funeral"
1916 - "Hey!"
1916 - "Giveaway"
1916 - "Tired"
1916 - Needles
1916 - "The Last Petersburg Fairy Tale"
1916 - "Russia"
1916 - Lilichka!
1916 - "To everything"
1916 - “The author dedicates these lines to himself, beloved”
1917 - "Brothers Writers"
1917 - "Revolution". April 19
1917 - "The Tale of Little Red Riding Hood"
1917 - "To the answer"
1917 - "Our March"
1918 - "Good attitude towards horses"
1918 - "Ode to the Revolution"
1918 - "Order on the army of art"
1918 - "Poet worker"
1918 - "To the Other Side"
1918 - "Left March"
1919 - "Stunning Facts"
1919 - "We are going"
1919 - "Soviet alphabet"
1919 - “Worker! Throw out non-party stupidity ... ". October
1919 - "Song of the Ryazan peasant". October
1920 - "The weapons of the Entente - money ...". July
1920 - "If you live in disarray, as the Makhnovists want ...". July
1920 - "A story about bagels and a woman who does not recognize the republic." August
1920 - "Red hedgehog"
1920 - "Attitude towards the young lady"
1920 - "Vladimir Ilyich"
1920 - "An extraordinary adventure that happened with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha"
1920 - "The story of how the godfather about Wrangel was interpreted without any mind"
1920 - "Geyne"
1920 - “The cigarette case went into the grass by a third ...”
1920 - "The last page of the civil war"
1920 - "About rubbish"
1921 - "Two not quite ordinary cases"
1921 - "A poem about Myasnitskaya, about a woman and about the all-Russian scale"
1921 - "Order No. 2 of the Army of the Arts"
1922 - "Passed"
1922 - "Bastards!"
1922 - "Bureocracy"
1922 - "My speech at the Genoa Conference"
1922 - "Germany"
1923 - "About poets"
1923 - "On the" fiascos "," apogees "and other unknown things"
1923 - "Paris"
1923 - "Newspaper Day"
1923 - "We don't believe!"
1923 - "Trusts"
1923 - "April 17"
1923 - "Spring Question"
1923 - "Universal Answer"
1923 - "Thieves"
1923 - "Baku"
1923 - "Young Guard"
1923 - "Norderney"
1923 - "Moscow-Königsberg". 6 September
1923 - "Kyiv"
1924 - "January 9th"
1924 - "Be ready!"
1924 - "Bourgeois - say goodbye to pleasant days - we will finally finish with hard money"
1924 - "Vladikavkaz - Tiflis"
1924 - "Two Berlins"
1924 - "Diplomatic"
1924 - "The rumble of uprisings, multiplied by the echo"
1924 - "Hello!"
1924 - "Kyiv"
1924 - Komsomolskaya
1924 - “A Little Difference” (“In Europe ...”)
1924 - "To the rescue"
1924 - "Every little thing is accounted for"
1924 - Let's Laugh!
1924 - "Proletarian, nip the war in the bud!"
1924 - "I protest!"
1924 - "Get your hands off China!"
1924 - "Sevastopol - Yalta"
1924 - "Selcor"
1924 - "Tamara and the Demon"
1924 - "Hard money - solid ground for the bond between the peasant and the worker"
1924 - "Wow, and fun!"
1924 - "Hooliganism"
1924 - "Jubilee"
1925 - "That's what a plane is for a peasant"
1925 - "Drag out the future!"
1925 - "Give the motor!"
1925 - "Two May"
1925 - "Red Envy"
1925 - "May"
1925 - "A little utopia about how the metro will go"
1925 - “Oh. D.V.F.”
1925 - "Rabkor" ("The Keys of Happiness" will write ... ")
1925 - “Rabkor (“Breaking through the illiteracy of the mountains with his forehead ...”)
1925 - "Third Front"
1925 - "Flag"
1925 - "Yalta - Novorossiysk"
1926 - "To Sergei Yesenin"
1926 - "Marxism is a weapon ..." April 19
1926 - "Four-story hack"
1926 - "Conversation with the financial inspector about poetry"
1926 - "Advanced Advanced"
1926 - "Bribery"
1926 - "On the agenda"
1926 - "Protection"
1926 - "Love"
1926 - "Message to the proletarian poets"
1926 - "The factory of bureaucrats"
1926 - "To Comrade Netta" July 15
1926 - "Terrible familiarity"
1926 - "Office habits"
1926 - "Hooligan"
1926 - "Conversation on the Odessa raid of landing craft"
1926 - "Letter from the writer Mayakovsky to the writer Gorky"
1926 - "Debt to Ukraine"
1926 - "October"
1927 - "Stabilization of life"
1927 - "Paper Horrors"
1927 - "To our youth"
1927 - "Across the cities of the union"
1927 - "My speech at a show trial on the occasion of a possible scandal with Professor Shengeli's lectures"
1927 - "What did you fight for?"
1927 - "Give a graceful life"
1927 - "Instead of an ode"
1927 - "Best Verse"
1927 - "Lenin is with us!"
1927 - "Spring"
1927 - "Cautious March"
1927 - "Venus de Milo and Vyacheslav Polonsky"
1927 - "Mr. "People's Artist""
1927 - "Well, well!"
1927 - "A General Guide for Beginning Toadies"
1927 - "Crimea"
1927 - "Comrade Ivanov"
1927 - "Let's see for ourselves, show them"
1927 - "Ivan Ivan Gonorarchikov"
1927 - "Miracles"
1927 - "Marusya was poisoned"
1927 - "A letter to his beloved Molchanov, abandoned by him"
1927 - "It is not clear to the masses"
1928 - "Without a rudder and without a spinner"
1928 - "Ekaterinburg-Sverdlovsk"
1928 - "The story of the caster Ivan Kozyrev about moving into a new painting"
1928 - "Emperor"
1928 - "Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva"
1929 - "Conversation with Comrade Lenin"
1929 - "Perekop enthusiasm"
1929 - "Gloomy about humorists"
1929 - Harvest March
1929 - "The Soul of Society"
1929 - "Party Candidate"
1929 - "Stick in self-criticism"
1929 - "Everything is calm in the west"
1929 - "Parisian"
1929 - "Beauties"
1929 - "Poems about the Soviet passport"
1929 - "Americans are surprised"
1929 - "An example not worthy of imitation"
1929 - "Bird of God"
1929 - "Poems about Thomas"
1929 - "I'm happy"
1929 - "Khrenov's story about Kuznetskstroy and the people of Kuznetsk"
1929 - Minority Report
1929 - "Give the material base"
1929 - "Lovers of difficulty"
1930 - “Already the second. You must have gone to bed..."
1930 - "March of shock brigades"
1930 - "Leninists"
