Direction "COURAGE AND CORISHNESS"
This direction is based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of the human "I": readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to evade the resolution of complex, sometimes extreme life situations. On the pages of many literary works are presented both heroes capable of bold actions and characters demonstrating weakness of spirit and lack of will.
The topic "Courage and cowardice" can be considered in the following aspects:
Courage and cowardice in war
Courage and cowardice in expressing one's position, point of view, in defending one's principles, views
Courage and cowardice of a man in love
COURAGE - a positive moral-volitional personality trait, manifested as determination, fearlessness, courage when performing actions associated with risk and danger. Courage allows a person to overcome the fear of something unknown, complex, new by willpower and achieve success in achieving the goal. It is not for nothing that this quality is highly revered among the people: “God owns the brave”, “The courage of the city takes”. It is also honored as the ability to speak the truth (“Dare to have your own judgment”). Courage allows you to face the truth and objectively assess your capabilities, not be afraid of the dark, loneliness, water, heights and other difficulties and obstacles. Courage provides a person with a sense of dignity, a sense of responsibility, security, and reliability of life.
Synonyms: courage, determination, courage, heroism, enterprise, arrogance, self-confidence, energy; presence, uplifting of spirit; spirit, courage, desire (to tell the truth), audacity, boldness; fearlessness, fearlessness, fearlessness, fearlessness; fearlessness, decisiveness, daring, heroism, courage, riskiness, desperation, audacity, innovation, daring, audacity, audacity, daring, trouble, valor, novelty, courage, masculinity.
Courage
Courage is the ability of a person, overcoming fear, to do desperate things, sometimes risking his own life.
Courage is shown by a person in war, when he courageously, bravely fights the enemy, does not allow fear to overcome him, thinks about his comrades, relatives, people, country. Courage helps him overcome all the hardships of the war, emerging victorious or dying for his homeland.
Courage is the quality of a person, expressed in the fact that he always defends his views and principles to the end, he can openly express his position in the eyes of people if he does not agree with them. Courageous people are able to defend their ideals, move forward, leading others, transforming society.
Professional courage pushes people to take risks, people strive to realize their projects, dreams, sometimes overcoming obstacles that authorities can put up for them.
Courage may not manifest itself in a person for a long time. On the contrary, he is sometimes outwardly very modest and quiet. However, in a difficult moment, it is the brave people who take responsibility for themselves, saving others, helping them. And often these are not only adults, but children who amaze with their determination and courage, for example, saving a drowning friend.
Courageous people can do great things. And if there are a lot of these people or the whole people, then such a state is invincible.
Courage is also manifested in the fact that a person is irreconcilable to any injustice, both in relation to himself and in relation to other people. A brave person will not look indifferently or indifferently at the way they humiliate and insult others, for example, colleagues. He will always stand up for them, as he does not accept any manifestation of injustice and evil.
Courage is one of the highest moral qualities of a person. It is necessary to strive to be truly courageous in everything in life: deeds, deeds, relationships, while thinking about others.
COWARDICE - one of the expressions of cowardice; a negative, moral quality that characterizes the behavior of a person who is unable to perform actions that meet moral requirements (or, conversely, refrain from immoral actions), due to the inability to overcome fear of natural or social forces. T. can be a manifestation of prudent self-love, when it is based on fears of incurring adverse consequences, someone's anger, fear of losing existing benefits or social position. It can also be subconscious, a manifestation of spontaneous fear of unknown phenomena, unknown and uncontrolled social and natural laws. In both cases, T. is not just an individual property of the psyche of this or that person, but a social phenomenon. It is associated either with egoism, which has taken root in the psychology of people over the centuries-old history of private property, or with the impotence and depressed position of a person, generated by a state of alienation (even fear of natural phenomena develops into T. only under certain conditions of social life and the corresponding upbringing of a person). Communist morality condemns T., because it leads to immoral acts: to dishonesty, opportunism, unscrupulousness, deprives a person of the ability to be a fighter for a just cause, entails connivance with evil and injustice. Communist education of the individual and the masses, enlisting people to take an active part in the construction of the society of the future, man’s awareness of his place in the world, his purpose and possibilities, and the subordination of natural and social laws to him contribute to the gradual eradication of tyranny from the life of individuals and society as a whole.
Synonyms : timidity, timidity, cowardice, suspiciousness, indecision, hesitation, fear; fearfulness, fear, shyness, cowardice, timidity, fearfulness, capitulation, cowardice, cowardice. Cowardice
Cowardice is such a state of a person when he is afraid of literally everything: a new environment, changes in life, meeting new people. Fear fetters all his movements, preventing him from living with dignity, joyfully.
At the heart of cowardice is often a person's low self-esteem, fear of seeming ridiculous, of being in an awkward position. A person is better to keep silent, try to be invisible.
A cowardly person will never take responsibility for himself, he will hide behind other people's backs so that, in which case, he will not be guilty.
Cowardice interferes with promotion, in the realization of one's dreams, in the realization of goals. The indecision inherent in such a person will not allow him to reach the end along the intended path, since there will always be reasons that do not allow this to be done.
A cowardly person makes his life bleak. He always seems to envy from someone and something, he lives with an eye.
However, a coward is terrible during difficult trials for the people, the country. It is cowardly people who become traitors, because they think first of all about themselves, about their lives. Fear pushes them to crime.
Cowardice is one of the most negative traits of a person's character, you must try to get rid of it in yourself.
The composition in the context of this aspect can be based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of personality - from determination and courage, the manifestation of willpower and fortitude of some heroes to the desire to evade responsibility, hide from danger, show weakness, which can even lead to betrayal.
1. N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"
Ostap and Andriy are the two sons of Taras Bulba, the protagonist of N.V. Gogol's story. Both were brought up in the same family, studied in the same seminary. Both from childhood were inspired by the same high moral principles. Why did one become a traitor and the other a hero? What pushed Andriy to a low deed - to go against his comrades, his father? In fact, he became a coward, because he could not stay true to what he was taught, showed a weakness of character. And what is this if not cowardice? Ostap heroically accepted martyrdom, boldly looking into the eyes of enemies. How hard it was for him in the last minutes, so he wanted to see a loved one in the crowd of strangers. So he shouted, overcoming the pain: “Father! Where are you? Do you hear? The father, risking his life, supported his son, shouting out from the crowd that he heard him, his Ostap. At the heart of people's actions are those moral foundations that make up the essence of his character. For Andriy, he was always in the first place. Since childhood, he tried to dodge punishment, hide behind other people's backs. And in the war, in the first place were not his comrades, not his homeland, but love for the young beauty - the Poles, for the sake of which he betrayed everyone, in battle he went to his own. How not to recall the famous speech of Taras about comradeship, in which he put loyalty to his comrades, fighting comrades-in-arms in the first place. “Let them all know what partnership means in the Russian land! If it comes to that, to die, then none of them will ever die like that! .. No one, no one! .. Their mouse nature is not enough for that!” Andriy could not become like that, cowardly in the last minutes of his life looking into the eyes of his father, whom he had betrayed. Ostap, on the other hand, was always a proud, independent person, he never hid behind the backs of others, he always boldly answered for his actions, in the war he turned out to be a real comrade, whom Taras could be proud of. To remain brave to the end, not to show cowardice in one's deeds and deeds - readers of N.V. Gogol's story, "Taras Bulba", come to this conclusion, realizing how important it is to do right, deliberate deeds and deeds in life.
2. M.A. Sholokhov "The fate of man"
War is a serious test for the country, the people, for each individual. She checks who is who. In war, everyone reveals himself in all his essence. Here you can not play the role of a traitor or a coward. Here they become. Andrey Sokolov. His fate is the fate of millions of Soviet people who survived the war, who survived the most terrible battle with fascism. He, like many others, remained a Man - devoted, courageous, loyal to the people, close, who did not lose the feeling of kindness, pity and mercy for others. At the heart of his actions is love. Love for loved ones, country, life in general. This feeling makes him bold, courageous, helps to survive all the severe trials that befell the hero: the death of his family, the terrible battles in which he participated, the horrors of captivity, the death of his comrades. How much you need to have this huge love to survive after all this!
Courage- this is an opportunity to overcome fear, which, of course, was characteristic of everyone in the war. However, not everyone could overcome this fear. Then cowardice crept into my heart - for myself, for my life. She literally took possession of a person, forcing him to commit betrayal. So one of the prisoners, soldier Kryzhnev, who, like Sokolov, fell into the hands of the Nazis, decided to extradite a communist platoon commander (“... I don’t intend to answer for you”) in order to save his life. He has not yet experienced the horrors of captivity, but fear has already made him a coward, and cowardice has led to the thought of betrayal. It's hard to kill your own, but Andrey did it because this "one's own" crossed the line beyond which - betrayal, spiritual death, death of other people. To remain human in inhuman conditions, to be able to overcome one's fear, showing courage, courage, not to become a coward and a traitor - this is a moral rule that a person simply must follow, no matter how hard it may be.
Courage and cowardice in love.
Georgy Zheltkov is a petty official whose life is devoted to unrequited love for Princess Vera. As you know, his love was born long before her marriage, but he preferred to write letters to her, pursued her. The reason for this behavior lay in his self-doubt and fear of being rejected. Perhaps if he were bolder, he could become happy with the woman he loves. Vera Sheina was also afraid to be happy and wanted a quiet marriage, without shocks, so she married a cheerful and handsome Vasily, with whom everything was very simple, but she did not experience great love. Only after the death of her admirer, looking at his dead body, Vera realized that the love that every woman dreams of had passed her by. The moral of this story is this: you need to be brave not only in everyday life, but also in love, you need to take risks without fear of being rejected. Only courage can lead to happiness, cowardice and, as a result, conformism, leads to great disappointment, as happened with Vera Sheina.
Examples of the manifestation of these qualities of a person can be found in almost any work of classical literature.
Artworks:
§ VK. Zheleznikov "Scarecrow"
§ M.A. Bulgakov: The Master and Margarita, The White Guard
§ J. Rowling "Harry Potter"
§ B.L. Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet"
§ A.S. Pushkin: "The Captain's Daughter", "Eugene Onegin"
§ V.V. Bykov "Sotnikov
§ S. Collins "The Hunger Games"
§ A.I. Kuprin "Garnet bracelet", "Olesya"
§ V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician"
§ J. Orwell "1984"
§ V. Roth "Divergent"
§ M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man"
§ M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time", "Song of Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young guardsman and a daring merchant Kalashnikov"
§ N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba", "Overcoat"
§ M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil"
§ A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin"
Sample topics:
What does it mean to be brave?
Why does a person need courage?
What does cowardice lead to?
What actions does cowardice push a person to?
In what situations in life is courage best manifested?
Do you need courage in love?
Does it take courage to admit your mistakes?
How do you understand the expression “fear has big eyes”?
Is the saying "courage is half the battle" true?
What actions can be called courageous?
What is the difference between arrogance and courage?
Who can be called a coward?
Can you cultivate courage?
Cowardice is a human weakness that arises at a crucial moment. A coward is afraid of difficulties, independent decision-making, sometimes even hopes for help from a brave person. Cowardice betrays a person: his eyes are rounded with fear, from the responsibility that falls on his shoulders, the mind turns off. Such behavior is formed on the subconscious and it is very difficult to control it, especially if the coward has already shown himself.
There are many examples in the literature about courage, but also a lot about cowardice. By endowing the characters with such a quality, the author wanted to show how ugly and shameful it is to be a coward, and, most importantly, useless for society.
The protagonist of the poem "Eugene Onegin" possesses cowardice of character. He agreed to a duel, although he could have refused, but then society ceased to respect him, and their opinion was important to him, as a secular person. Only an opinion, not the position of everyone. Onegin's cowardice lies in the fact that he did not want to admit his weakness, he wanted to be ideal for everyone, which ended sadly for him.
Cowardice is also reflected in the novel of centuries and generations "War and Peace". A striking example is the behavior of Zherkov, who was ordered to inform his colleagues about the retreat from the left front. He was afraid to cross the combat territory, he was afraid that he might die. He was sent there twice, and both times he did not fulfill the order of the general. The consequences of his cowardice were terrible: many companies did not know what to do and rushed into the loose, thereby being overtaken by the enemy. Because of the cowardice of one person, hundreds, and even thousands, suffered. In this example, cowardice played an important role, it took the lives of innocent soldiers.
Thus, cowardice in any of its manifestations does not bring good, and sometimes is fatal. A cowardly person is insecure, selfish, unable to overcome his fear, even if the price of his act is another human life. There is not a single case when cowardice helped a person in life. Maybe the instinct of self-preservation works, but you should never forget about the consequences.
Letting on self-confidence, courage, can only be a shell, and inside a little coward, afraid of his own shadow, not to mention vital deeds. It is better not to have a relationship with such people, because a coward will betray himself and abandon you at the most inopportune moment when help is really needed.
Man is the crown of the creation of nature. If we dream of something, it will definitely come true. Problems, obstacles, all kinds of challenges that life throws - all this is nothing. Compared to man's greatest enemy: himself.
We can be our own best friends and worst enemies. Confidence and courage are indispensable conditions in order not to act like an opponent of one's own undertakings. Everyone has fears. But the difficulties begin the moment we allow them to control us. How to stop being a coward and get your fears under control? Let's look at the main methods.
- Notice your fears. Everything starts with awareness. Think about what is stopping you from being happy? In fact, this process already helps to get rid of fears. After all, despite their seeming insurmountability, no fears are concrete walls - they are much less powerful than one might think ...
- Accept the fact that you are afraid of certain things.. Many people know that they, for example, suffer from social phobia or fear of open spaces. But at the same time, they are tormented by a deep intrapersonal conflict - they cannot accept themselves as they are. And this resistance gives fear only more power. Denial means flight, not fight, as it may seem. Only when you accept yourself with all the shortcomings that you have, will there be a real chance to work on them.
- Make decisions quickly. No need to think for two hours about what to buy for dinner. One of the best ways to face fear is to not dwell on the choice. You need to make decisions quickly, since you cannot become a courageous and self-confident person by half a day thinking about each of your next steps. We think that every decision is very important. And because of this, we begin to be afraid of making any decisions.
However, if you prefer option "A" to option "B", in fact, nothing catastrophic will happen. There will be no consequences, no one will care. So start developing the habit of quick decision making right now. This frees up a huge amount of energy that is wasted on hesitation and uncertainty.
- Stop apologizing to everyone. Chances are, you think you always have a good enough reason to apologize. However, we give you a guarantee that this is not the case. You most likely apologize to others or feel like you would like to do it almost all the time without even knowing it.
Therefore, try not to say the word “sorry” during the day. Generally. Trust me, it's harder than it looks.Track those moments when you would like to apologize automatically, for no apparent reason. It turns out that most of the "offensive" things you do are actually not offensive at all. Also, using this method, you can discover for yourself what you yourself perceive as an insult to actions and things that are far from being such. It will also help in the fight against cowardice.
- In an unpleasant situation for yourself, make a plan of action in advance. It will give you back control over the things that cause you the most anxiety. For example, think ahead about how you plan to give up overtime. Imagine the reaction of your superiors or colleagues. Think ahead of your arguments. The usual development of such a plan already greatly contributes to reducing the feeling of fear and helplessness.
- Ask yourself about everything you do at any given time. We are all made up of many habits, but not many of us understand the extent to which these deeply rooted stereotypes govern our lives. They are especially strong when it comes to the choice of "fight or flight." Therefore, when you feel fear, ask yourself the question: “Why am I afraid?”. Do it out loud. In 99% of the cases, you will find that the fear is irrational.
Try practicing these questions in other situations throughout the day. Whatever you do, ask yourself: “Why am I doing this?”. These questions can be quite annoying at first. However, they are able to reveal a lot of new information about you. For example, you may find yourself prone to procrastination (which, by the way, is also often the result of fear), or become aware of the choices that you usually make without thinking.
- How to stop being a coward in personal endeavors? Be boring as hell. Let's explain. If you'd like to write a book, or start a charity for starving children, or just start a small business, chances are you're concerned about doing everything perfectly. You make a plan, consult with experts, develop a strategy. What happens next? You don't do anything. And the reason for that is fear. Indeed, in the imagination, all this gives much more pleasure than in reality, where all the responsibility falls on you.
For example, you want to be a doctor. To become one, you go to medical school, get a job and treat patients. All. But if you want to open your own clinic, then a lot of daunting questions immediately arise in your head. What will my clinic specialize in? Will I find enough patients? What about doctors? Will they be able to perform their duties at the highest level? The difference between these two examples is that the ordinary doctor concentrates on his immediate duties - the treatment of patients. While a person who wants to open his own company thinks about things, half of which exist only in his head.
If you belong to the second category, stop being afraid and do the most routine and everyday work. So you bring the fulfillment of your dreams closer and get rid of unnecessary fear of undertakings.
Cowardice is the inability to act in a period of real (or perceived as real) threat, criminal weakness or activity in a period of impossibility to control one's fear.
Fear is a normal reaction of the body to a threat to the functioning and integrity of the body. It is always present and occurs in all people, with a intact psyche and full development.
However, we all struggle with it both in everyday and extreme situations. We may be afraid to get acquainted with the parents of our chosen one, go up in a transparent elevator, and go ask for a raise from the leader, or we can be afraid to go into battle, realizing the real threat to our lives. But, we pull ourselves together, and do not retreat. But some retreat, run away. This is called cowardice.
Sometimes they don’t just “give up”, but are ready to do anything, consciously or not. And it's one thing when we turn to the side in front of the boss's office. Well, let's sit in a low-paid position. And it’s a completely different matter when, for the sake of personal salvation, cowards are ready to shoot their captive comrades, drown women and children, taking off their life jackets during a shipwreck. Therefore, cowardice is always viewed negatively and is assessed as a "criminal" activity or inactivity. From here, the differences between fear and cowardice can be clearly traced.
The difference between fear and cowardice
There are several main differences between fear and cowardice.
- Fear is the body's reaction to a threat, and cowardice is always an act (and passivity is also an act).
- From here comes the following concept, cowardice is always associated with the volitional determination of activity, or rather its lack.
- Cowardice is associated with deep personal attitudes that are formed by each person, and which are not influenced by many factors. Thus, the above concept is influenced by all the relationships that were laid down for the child, his moral dogmas, the ability to make decisions, a sense of responsibility, in general, the development of his personality from the psychological side. Therefore, some people will prefer to part with their lives if the life of a child is put on the scales; while others absorbed the attitude that children are not of great value and will calmly prefer their own benefit in an extreme situation.
Therefore, from these differences, the causes of cowardice are perfectly deduced.
Causes of cowardice
So, based on the above, let's dwell on the reasons for the formation of cowardice in detail and give relevant examples.
How to deal with cowardice?
Let's divide this point into two large parts: in-depth study of oneself and situational principles for dealing with "attacks of cowardice."
If we are ready for a deep study of the problem, we look at all the possible points that could lead to the formation of such a way of responding to the situation:
The situational principles of struggle are also aimed at developing self-control. These are breathing exercises that reduce feelings of tension and readiness for impulsive actions; and express methods that allow you to concentrate on an important motive; and, finally, methods that allow you to “create” “helpers” for yourself or find internal reserves so as not to be afraid.
Everyone once asked the question: What is cowardice and is it necessary to fight it? Cowardice is a negative quality of a person, because many can suffer because of the cowardice of one. In my opinion, you need to fight and overcome your fears, because courage can save not only those around you, but also yourself. Fearful people are not only in war, but also in life, because courageous deeds are not only feats, but also the courage to express everything, to step over oneself, without fear of consequences.
In order to confirm the above, I want to turn to Sholokhov's text "The Fate of a Man", which tells how Andrei Sokolov was captured, but, thanks to his courage, remained alive. When Muller offered him a drink with the Germans, Andrei refused because that he considered it humiliating, despite the fact that he could be killed. Therefore, I think that cowardice must be fought because it can destroy a person!
The second text that shows cowardice in life, and not in war, is Zheleznyakov's text "Scarecrow", where a boy named Dima Somov was guilty in front of the whole class, but Lena Bessoltseva took full responsibility for his actions because she liked him. Despite the fact that they made fun of her in every possible way and mocked her, Dima did not tell the truth to anyone because he was afraid that he would be treated the same way. I think that the boy could not overcome himself in this situation, as he was afraid of the consequences, because in At the beginning, Lena liked him precisely because he was brave and not like all the other classmates.
Summing up, I want to say that cowardice really needs to be fought because it will help not only yourself but also the people around you, because courage is a strong quality of a person that not everyone has, since not everyone can overcome their fears.
