10 to 3003 degrees
The debate about what is the largest figure in the world is ongoing. Different calculus systems offer different options and people do not know what to believe, and which number is considered the largest.
This question has interested scientists since the time of the Roman Empire. The biggest snag lies in the definition of what is a "number" and what is a "number". At one time, people for a long time considered the largest number to be decillion, that is, 10 to the 33rd power. But, after scientists began to actively study the American and English metric systems, it was found that the largest number in the world is 10 to the power of 3003 - a million. People in everyday life believe that the biggest number is a trillion. Moreover, this is quite formal, because after a trillion, names are simply not given, because the account starts too complicated. However, purely theoretically, the number of zeros can be added indefinitely. Therefore, to imagine even a purely visual trillion and what follows it is almost impossible.
in roman numerals
On the other hand, the definition of "number" in the understanding of mathematicians is a little different. A number is a sign that is universally accepted and is used to indicate a quantity expressed in numerical terms. The second concept of "number" means the expression of quantitative characteristics in a convenient form through the use of numbers. It follows that numbers are made up of digits. It is also important that the figure has sign properties. They are conditioned, recognizable, unchangeable. Numbers also have sign properties, but they follow from the fact that numbers are made up of digits. From this we can conclude that a trillion is not a figure at all, but a number. Then what is the biggest number in the world if it's not a trillion, which is a number?
The important thing is that numbers are used as constituent numbers, but not only that. The figure, however, is the same number if we are talking about some things, counting them from zero to nine. Such a system of signs applies not only to the Arabic numerals familiar to us, but also to the Roman I, V, X, L, C, D, M. These are Roman numerals. On the other hand, V I I I is a Roman number. In Arabic reckoning, it corresponds to the number eight.
in Arabic numerals
Thus, it turns out that counting units from zero to nine are considered numbers, and everything else is numbers. Hence the conclusion that the largest number in the world is nine. 9 is a sign, and a number is a simple quantitative abstraction. A trillion is a number, and not a number, and therefore cannot be the largest number in the world. A trillion can be called the largest number in the world, and then purely nominally, since numbers can be counted to infinity. The number of digits is strictly limited - from 0 to 9.
It should also be remembered that the numbers and numbers of different calculus systems do not match, as we saw from the examples with Arabic and Roman numbers and numerals. This is because numbers and numbers are simple concepts that a person himself invents. Therefore, the number of one system of calculation can easily be the number of another and vice versa.
Thus, the largest number is uncountable, because it can be continued to be added indefinitely from digits. As for the numbers themselves, in the generally accepted system, 9 is considered the largest number.
John SommerPut zeros after any number or multiply with tens raised to an arbitrarily large power. It won't seem like much. It will seem like a lot. But naked recordings, after all, are not too impressive. The heaping zeros in the humanities cause not so much surprise as a slight yawn. In any case, to any largest number in the world that you can imagine, you can always add one more ... And the number will come out even more.
And yet, are there words in Russian or any other language for designating very large numbers? Those that are more than a million, billion, trillion, billion? And in general, a billion is how much?
It turns out that there are two systems for naming numbers. But not Arabic, Egyptian, or any other ancient civilizations, but American and English.
In the American system numbers are called like this: the Latin numeral is taken + - million (suffix). Thus, the numbers are obtained:
Trillion - 1,000,000,000,000 (12 zeros)
Quadrillion - 1,000,000,000,000,000 (15 zeros)
Quintillion - 1 and 18 zeros
Sextillion - 1 and 21 zero
Septillion - 1 and 24 zero
octillion - 1 followed by 27 zeros
Nonillion - 1 and 30 zeros
Decillion - 1 and 33 zero
The formula is simple: 3 x + 3 (x is a Latin numeral)
In theory, there should also be numbers anilion (unus in Latin - one) and duolion (duo - two), but, in my opinion, such names are not used at all.
English naming system more widespread.
Here, too, the Latin numeral is taken and the suffix -million is added to it. However, the name of the next number, which is 1,000 times greater than the previous one, is formed using the same Latin number and the suffix - billion. I mean:
Trillion - 1 and 21 zero (in the American system - sextillion!)
Trillion - 1 and 24 zeros (in the American system - septillion)
Quadrillion - 1 and 27 zeros
Quadribillion - 1 followed by 30 zeros
Quintillion - 1 and 33 zero
Quinilliard - 1 followed by 36 zeros
Sextillion - 1 followed by 39 zeros
Sextillion - 1 and 42 zero
The formulas for counting the number of zeros are:
For numbers ending in - illion - 6 x+3
For numbers ending in - billion - 6 x+6
As you can see, confusion is possible. But let's not be afraid!
In Russia, the American system for naming numbers has been adopted. From the English system, we borrowed the name of the number "billion" - 1,000,000,000 \u003d 10 9
And where is the "cherished" billion? - Why, a billion is a billion! American style. And although we use the American system, we took the "billion" from the English one.
Using the Latin names of numbers and the American system, let's call the numbers:
- vigintillion- 1 and 63 zeros
- centillion- 1 and 303 zeros
- Million- one and 3003 zeros! Oh-hoo...
But this, it turns out, is not all. There are also off-system numbers.
And the first one is probably myriad- one hundred hundreds = 10,000
googol(it is in honor of him that the famous search engine is named) - one and one hundred zeros
In one of the Buddhist treatises, a number is named asankhiya- one and one hundred and forty zeros!
Number name googolplex(like Google) was invented by the English mathematician Edward Kasner and his nine-year-old nephew - unit c - dear mother! - googol zeros!!!
But that's not all...
The mathematician Skewes named the Skewes number after himself. It means e to the extent e to the extent e to the power of 79, i.e. e e e 79
And then a big problem arose. You can think of names for numbers. But how to write them down? The number of degrees of degrees of degrees is already such that it simply does not fit on the page! :)
And then some mathematicians began to write numbers in geometric figures. And the first, they say, such a method of recording was invented by the outstanding writer and thinker Daniil Ivanovich Kharms.
And yet, what is the BIGGEST NUMBER IN THE WORLD? - It is called STASPLEX and is equal to G 100,
where G is the Graham number, the largest number ever used in mathematical proofs.
This number - stasplex - was invented by a wonderful person, our compatriot Stas Kozlovsky, to LJ to which I address you :) - ctac
Answering such a difficult question, what is it, the largest number in the world, it should first be noted that today there are 2 accepted ways of naming numbers - English and American. According to the English system, the suffixes -billion or -million are added in turn to each large number, resulting in the numbers million, billion, trillion, trilliard, and so on. If we proceed from the American system, then according to it, it is necessary to add the suffix -million to each large number, as a result of which the numbers trillion, quadrillion and large are formed. It should also be noted here that the English number system is more common in the modern world, and the numbers available in it are quite sufficient for the normal functioning of all systems of our world.
Of course, the answer to the question about the largest number from a logical point of view cannot be unambiguous, because one has only to add one to each subsequent digit, then a new larger number is obtained, therefore, this process has no limit. However, oddly enough, the largest number in the world still exists and it is listed in the Guinness Book of Records.
Graham's number is the largest number in the world
It is this number that is recognized in the world as the largest in the Book of Records, while it is very difficult to explain what it is and how large it is. In a general sense, these are triples multiplied among themselves, resulting in a number that is 64 orders of magnitude higher than the point of understanding of each person. As a result, we can only give the final 50 digits of the Graham number – 0322234872396701848518 64390591045756272 62464195387.
Googol number 
The history of this number is not as complicated as the one above. So a mathematician from America, Edward Kasner, talking with his nephews about large numbers, could not answer the question of how to name numbers that have 100 zeros or more. A resourceful nephew offered such numbers his name - googol. It should be noted that this number does not have much practical significance, however, it is sometimes used in mathematics to express infinity.
Googleplex 
This number was also invented by mathematician Edward Kasner and his nephew Milton Sirotta. In a general sense, it is a number to the tenth power of a googol. Answering the question of many inquisitive natures, how many zeros are in the googleplex, it is worth noting that in the classical version this number is not possible to represent, even if all the paper on the planet is covered with classical zeros.
Skewes number 
Another contender for the title of the largest number is the Skewes number, proved by John Littwood in 1914. According to the evidence given, this number is approximately 8.185 10370.
Moser number 
This method of naming very large numbers was invented by Hugo Steinhaus, who suggested that they be denoted by polygons. As a result of three mathematical operations performed, the number 2 is born in a megagon (a polygon with mega sides).
As you can already see, a huge number of mathematicians have made efforts to find it - the largest number in the world. How successful these attempts were, of course, is not for us to judge, however, it should be noted that the real applicability of such numbers is doubtful, because they are not even amenable to human understanding. In addition, there will always be a number that will be greater if you perform a very easy mathematical operation +1.
In the names of Arabic numbers, each digit belongs to its category, and every three digits form a class. Thus, the last digit in a number indicates the number of units in it and is called, accordingly, the place of units. The next, second from the end, digit indicates tens (the tens digit), and the third digit from the end indicates the number of hundreds in the number - the hundreds digit. Further, the digits are repeated in the same way in turn in each class, denoting units, tens and hundreds in the classes of thousands, millions, and so on. If the number is small and does not contain a tens or hundreds digit, it is customary to take them as zero. Classes group numbers in numbers of three, often in computing devices or records a period or space is placed between classes to visually separate them. This is done to make it easier to read large numbers. Each class has its own name: the first three digits are the class of units, followed by the class of thousands, then millions, billions (or billions), and so on.
Since we use the decimal system, the basic unit of quantity is the ten, or 10 1 . Accordingly, with an increase in the number of digits in a number, the number of tens of 10 2, 10 3, 10 4, etc. also increases. Knowing the number of tens, you can easily determine the class and category of the number, for example, 10 16 is tens of quadrillions, and 3 × 10 16 is three tens of quadrillions. The decomposition of numbers into decimal components occurs as follows - each digit is displayed in a separate term, multiplied by the required coefficient 10 n, where n is the position of the digit in the count from left to right.
For example: 253 981=2×10 6 +5×10 5 +3×10 4 +9×10 3 +8×10 2 +1×10 1
Also, the power of 10 is also used in writing decimals: 10 (-1) is 0.1 or one tenth. Similarly with the previous paragraph, a decimal number can also be decomposed, in which case n will indicate the position of the digit from the comma from right to left, for example: 0.347629= 3x10 (-1) +4x10 (-2) +7x10 (-3) +6x10 (-4) +2x10 (-5) +9x10 (-6) )
Names of decimal numbers. Decimal numbers are read by the last digit after the decimal point, for example 0.325 - three hundred and twenty-five thousandths, where thousandths are the digit of the last digit 5.
Table of names of large numbers, digits and classes
| 1st class unit | 1st unit digit 2nd place ten 3rd rank hundreds |
1 = 10 0 10 = 10 1 100 = 10 2 |
| 2nd class thousand | 1st digit units of thousands 2nd digit tens of thousands 3rd rank hundreds of thousands |
1 000 = 10 3 10 000 = 10 4 100 000 = 10 5 |
| 3rd grade millions | 1st digit units million 2nd digit tens of millions 3rd digit hundreds of millions |
1 000 000 = 10 6 10 000 000 = 10 7 100 000 000 = 10 8 |
| 4th grade billions | 1st digit units billion 2nd digit tens of billions 3rd digit hundreds of billions |
1 000 000 000 = 10 9 10 000 000 000 = 10 10 100 000 000 000 = 10 11 |
| 5th grade trillions | 1st digit trillion units 2nd digit tens of trillions 3rd digit hundred trillion |
1 000 000 000 000 = 10 12 10 000 000 000 000 = 10 13 100 000 000 000 000 = 10 14 |
| 6th grade quadrillions | 1st digit quadrillion units 2nd digit tens of quadrillions 3rd digit tens of quadrillions |
1 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 15 10 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 16 100 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 17 |
| 7th grade quintillions | 1st digit units of quintillions 2nd digit tens of quintillions 3rd rank hundred quintillion |
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 18 10 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 19 100 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 20 |
| 8th grade sextillions | 1st digit sextillion units 2nd digit tens of sextillions 3rd rank hundred sextillions |
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 21 10 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 22 1 00 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 23 |
| 9th grade septillion | 1st digit units of septillion 2nd digit tens of septillions 3rd rank hundred septillion |
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 24 10 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 25 100 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 26 |
| 10th grade octillion | 1st digit octillion units 2nd digit ten octillion 3rd rank hundred octillion |
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 27 10 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 28 100 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 = 10 29 |
Back in the fourth grade, I was interested in the question: "What are the numbers more than a billion called? And why?". Since then, I have been looking for all the information on this issue for a long time and collecting it bit by bit. But with the advent of access to the Internet, the search has accelerated significantly. Now I present all the information I found so that others can answer the question: "What are large and very large numbers called?".
A bit of history
The southern and eastern Slavic peoples used alphabetical numbering to record numbers. Moreover, among the Russians, not all letters played the role of numbers, but only those that are in the Greek alphabet. Above the letter, denoting a number, a special "titlo" icon was placed. At the same time, the numerical values of the letters increased in the same order as the letters in the Greek alphabet followed (the order of the letters of the Slavic alphabet was somewhat different).
In Russia, Slavic numbering survived until the end of the 17th century. Under Peter I, the so-called "Arabic numbering" prevailed, which we still use today.
There were also changes in the names of the numbers. For example, until the 15th century, the number "twenty" was designated as "two ten" (two tens), but then it was reduced for faster pronunciation. Until the 15th century, the number "forty" was denoted by the word "fourty", and in the 15-16th centuries this word was supplanted by the word "forty", which originally meant a bag in which 40 squirrel or sable skins were placed. There are two options about the origin of the word "thousand": from the old name "fat hundred" or from a modification of the Latin word centum - "one hundred".
The name "million" first appeared in Italy in 1500 and was formed by adding an augmentative suffix to the number "mille" - a thousand (i.e. it meant "big thousand"), it penetrated into the Russian language later, and before that the same meaning in Russian was denoted by the number "leodr". The word "billion" came into use only from the time of the Franco-Prussian war (1871), when the French had to pay Germany an indemnity of 5,000,000,000 francs. Like "million", the word "billion" comes from the root "thousand" with the addition of an Italian magnifying suffix. In Germany and America, for some time, the word "billion" meant the number 100,000,000; this explains why the word billionaire was used in America before any of the rich had $1,000,000,000. In the old (XVIII century) "Arithmetic" of Magnitsky, there is a table of names of numbers, brought to the "quadrillion" (10 ^ 24, according to the system through 6 digits). Perelman Ya.I. in the book "Entertaining Arithmetic" the names of large numbers of that time are given, somewhat different from today: septillion (10 ^ 42), octalion (10 ^ 48), nonalion (10 ^ 54), decalion (10 ^ 60), endecalion (10 ^ 66), dodecalion (10 ^ 72) and it is written that "there are no further names".
Principles of naming and the list of large numbers
All the names of large numbers are constructed in a rather simple way: at the beginning there is a Latin ordinal number, and at the end the suffix -million is added to it. The exception is the name "million" which is the name of the number thousand (mille) and the magnifying suffix -million. There are two main types of names for large numbers in the world:
3x + 3 system (where x is a Latin ordinal number) - this system is used in Russia, France, USA, Canada, Italy, Turkey, Brazil, Greece
and the 6x system (where x is a Latin ordinal number) - this system is the most common in the world (for example: Spain, Germany, Hungary, Portugal, Poland, Czech Republic, Sweden, Denmark, Finland). In it, the missing intermediate 6x + 3 ends with the suffix -billion (from it we borrowed a billion, which is also called a billion).
The general list of numbers used in Russia is presented below:
| Number | Name | Latin numeral | SI magnifier | SI diminutive prefix | Practical value |
| 10 1 | ten | deca- | deci- | Number of fingers on 2 hands | |
| 10 2 | hundred | hecto- | centi- | Approximately half the number of all states on Earth | |
| 10 3 | one thousand | kilo- | Milli- | Approximate number of days in 3 years | |
| 10 6 | million | unus (I) | mega- | micro- | 5 times the number of drops in a 10 liter bucket of water |
| 10 9 | billion (billion) | duo(II) | giga- | nano | Approximate population of India |
| 10 12 | trillion | tres(III) | tera- | pico- | 1/13 of the gross domestic product of Russia in rubles for 2003 |
| 10 15 | quadrillion | quattor(IV) | peta- | femto- | 1/30 of the length of a parsec in meters |
| 10 18 | quintillion | quinque (V) | exa- | atto- | 1/18 of the number of grains from the legendary award to the inventor of chess |
| 10 21 | sextillion | sex (VI) | zetta- | zepto- | 1/6 of the mass of the planet Earth in tons |
| 10 24 | septillion | septem(VII) | yotta- | yocto- | Number of molecules in 37.2 liters of air |
| 10 27 | octillion | octo(VIII) | no- | sieve- | Half the mass of Jupiter in kilograms |
| 10 30 | quintillion | novem(IX) | dea- | tredo- | 1/5 of all microorganisms on the planet |
| 10 33 | decillion | decem(X) | una- | revo- | Half the mass of the Sun in grams |
The pronunciation of the numbers that follow is often different.
| Number | Name | Latin numeral | Practical value |
| 10 36 | andecillion | undecim (XI) | |
| 10 39 | duodecillion | duodecim(XII) | |
| 10 42 | tredecillion | tredecim(XIII) | 1/100 of the number of air molecules on Earth |
| 10 45 | quattordecillion | quattuordecim (XIV) | |
| 10 48 | quindecillion | quindecim (XV) | |
| 10 51 | sexdecillion | sedecim (XVI) | |
| 10 54 | septemdecillion | septendecim (XVII) | |
| 10 57 | octodecillion | So many elementary particles in the sun | |
| 10 60 | novemdecillion | ||
| 10 63 | vigintillion | viginti (XX) | |
| 10 66 | anvigintillion | unus et viginti (XXI) | |
| 10 69 | duovigintillion | duo et viginti (XXII) | |
| 10 72 | trevigintillion | tres et viginti (XXIII) | |
| 10 75 | quattorvigintillion | ||
| 10 78 | quinvigintillion | ||
| 10 81 | sexvigintillion | So many elementary particles in the universe | |
| 10 84 | septemvigintillion | ||
| 10 87 | octovigintillion | ||
| 10 90 | novemvigintillion | ||
| 10 93 | trigintillion | triginta (XXX) | |
| 10 96 | antirigintillion |
- ...
- 10 100 - googol (the number was invented by the 9-year-old nephew of the American mathematician Edward Kasner)
- 10 123 - quadragintillion (quadragaginta, XL)
- 10 153 - quinquagintillion (quinquaginta, L)
- 10 183 - sexagintillion (sexaginta, LX)
- 10 213 - septuagintillion (septuaginta, LXX)
- 10 243 - octogintillion (octoginta, LXXX)
- 10 273 - nonagintillion (nonaginta, XC)
- 10 303 - centillion (Centum, C)
- 10 306 - ancentillion or centunillion
- 10 309 - duocentillion or centduollion
- 10 312 - trecentillion or centtrillion
- 10 315 - quattorcentillion or centquadrillion
- 10 402 - tretrigintacentillion or centtretrigintillion
Numbers next:
Some literary references:
- Perelman Ya.I. "Entertaining arithmetic". - M.: Triada-Litera, 1994, pp. 134-140
- Vygodsky M.Ya. "Handbook of Elementary Mathematics". - St. Petersburg, 1994, pp. 64-65
- "Encyclopedia of knowledge". - comp. IN AND. Korotkevich. - St. Petersburg: Owl, 2006, p. 257
- "Entertaining about physics and mathematics." - Kvant Library. issue 50. - M.: Nauka, 1988, p. 50
