Recently, on the pages of the Internet, statements by well-known and respected historical figures about Russia and Russians have been "walking", the meaning of which boils down to one thing: Russians are creatures, in Russia they are garbage. Of course, this fake, created by the Georgian so-called, has nothing to do with reality. intelligentsia, has not. However, the inventions of the great ones are gladly picked up by Russophobic movements in the post-Soviet space from the Baltic fascists to the Ukrainian Nazis.
Any person with even the slightest knowledge of history and literature can easily expose these fakes, but their target audience is not us, but the generation that grew up in the conditions of the collapse of our fundamental education, a real humanitarian catastrophe. that has befallen our peoples. The reflections of Dmitry Serov also coincide with my thoughts:
And information war. False quotes about Russians
The idea of this article was inspired by the posts of some dark personalities who publish on various sites on the Internet examples of quotes allegedly belonging to famous Russian figures, in which the dignity and mental abilities of the Russian people are humiliated. In a small study aimed at clarifying the situation around the sources of these lies, a well-known search engine was used, which provided invaluable assistance in establishing the truth. Here, in fact, are the very false quotes that are walking around the expanses of the Internet.
1. Academician Pavlov:
2. Alexey Tolstoy:
3. Fedor Dostoevsky:
4. Michael Bulgakov:
5. Maksim Gorky:
6. Ivan Aksakov:
7. Ivan Turgenev:
8. Ivan Shmelev:
9. Alexander Pushkin:
10. Philosopher Vladimir Solovyov:
Now let's look at it in detail:
1. Academician Pavlov: "I must express my sad view of the Russian person - he has such a weak brain system that he is not able to perceive reality as such. For him, only words exist. His conditioned reflexes are coordinated not with actions, but with words." 1932
Pavlov never said or wrote anything like this:
one). From the point of view of physiology, the false quote attributed to Academician Pavlov is absolutely amateurish. Even if we discard the absolutely delusional and Russophobic first sentence, upon hearing which the old man Pavlov, without hesitation, would have carried out an emergency lobotomy of the inflamed brain of the author of such nonsense, then, in the third, an abnormality in the connection of the conditioned reflex and words is postulated. Although, even people far from science understand that the higher the neurophysiological organization of a person, the more capable he is of reflex actions based on speech. Apparently, the writer of this quote is worse than a trained dog - since he is not able to coordinate his activities with words.
2). Pay attention to the word used - "sad", it will be used below, which suggests that the false quotes are the product of the creativity of the same person.
2. Alexey Tolstoy: "Muscovy - Russia of the taiga, Mongolian, wild, bestial."
The works of Aleksey Nikolaevich and Aleksey Konstantinovich have been verified. Both writers have never said or written anything like this.
Check out the links below! Complete works of both: http://az.lib.ru
3. Fedor Dostoevsky: "A people that wanders around Europe looking for something to destroy, to destroy just for fun."
The phrase was taken out of context. Dostoyevsky reflects critically on the European view of Russians.
Check out the links below! Writer's diary. 1876: http://az.lib.ru
True words of Dostoevsky: “I said that Russians are not loved in Europe. That they are not loved - I think no one will argue about this, but, by the way, we are accused in Europe, all Russians, almost without exception, that we are terrible liberals, what's more, the revolutionaries are always, with some kind of love, inclined to join the destructive rather than the conservative elements of Europe.For this, many Europeans look at us mockingly and condescendingly - hatefully: they do not understand why it is for us to be in a foreign deniers, they positively take away from us the right of European denial - on the ground that they do not recognize us as belonging to civilization. They see us rather as barbarians, wandering around Europe and rejoicing that something, somewhere, can be destroyed - to destroy just for destruction, just for the pleasure of watching it all fall apart, like a horde of savages, like the Huns, ready to swarm over ancient Rome and destroy the shrine, without even a clue what jewel they are destroying. Russians, in fact, for the most part, declared themselves liberals in Europe - this is true, and even this is strange. Has anyone ever asked themselves the question: why is this so? Why is it that almost nine-tenths of Russians, during our entire century, cultivating in Europe, always adjoined that layer of Europeans that was liberal, to the left side, that is, always to the side that itself denied its own culture, its own civilization, more or less finite (what Thiers denies in civilization and what the Paris Commune of 71 denied in it are extremely different)"
4. Michael Bulgakov: "Not a people, but cattle, a boor, a wild horde, murderers and villains."
Bulgakov never said or wrote anything like this.
5. Maksim Gorky: "The most important sign of the success of the Russian people is their sadistic cruelty."
Gorky never said or wrote anything like this.
6. Ivan Aksakov: "Oh, how hard it is to live in Russia, in this stinking center of physical and moral debauchery, meanness of lies and villainy."
The phrase has been taken out of context and modified. Aksakov laments Russia's failure in the Crimean War and blames it on bribery. Pay attention to - physical and moral debauchery - no Russian, and even in the time of Aksakov, would say so. The Russian language for the writer of this phrase is not native, we will come across this below.
Check out the links below! Letters to relatives. (1849-1856): http://az.lib.ru
Genuine Aksakov's reflections: “We had to stand either in Little Russian or Moldavian villages. Moldavian huts are even cleaner and more beautiful than Little Russian ones; no matter how poor the Moldavian is, his hut is decorated with carpets and various homemade handicraft fabrics, which are not even sold. However, these are all women's works; the woman in these aspects is active and industrious and incomparably superior to the man. A young crest is ten times lazier than a native crest. The owner of my hut, having served his underwater service, lay for two days with an air of inexpressible bliss behind the stove, saying only from time to time: When will these sovereigns make peace with each other! In general, the entire Kherson province and Bessarabia are severely depleted and devastated by war and crop failure: there is no bread at all, and there is no other food, except for hominy (corn), and even then in small quantities. Everyone here wants peace, both residents and warriors, a rumor has circulated and continues to circulate among them that Austria is entering into an alliance with us, refusing to let the allies through Moldavia and Wallachia, and they are all happy about this and praise the Austrians. So heavy is the war, so heavy are the sacrifices made with instinctive certainty that they are fruitless, without any animation, that whatever peace is concluded now, it will be accepted here by the inhabitants, and by almost the majority of the army with joy. I say here - in Russia it's different. But even in Russia they somehow got used to failure. When the French landed in the Crimea, the idea that they might get Sevastopol horrified the merchants at the Krolevets fair, and I remember how one rich old man Glazov said with sincere fervor that if Sevastopol was taken, then I would go too. and so on. Sevastopol is taken, he did not go and will not go. - But further. - In Volonterovka, a village inhabited by the Cossacks of the Danube army, mostly Moldovans, we found only 50 men, 700 people in the service. “Here in Bendery the chief commander is the commandant of the fortress, Lieutenant-General Olshevsky, a kind, fat man, a Russian man in the full sense, i.e. representing a combination of courage, good nature, cordiality, simplicity, humility with what constitutes the necessary belonging of any Russian person acting, not living in a peasant community. “Oh, how hard, how unbearably hard it is sometimes to live in Russia, in this stinking environment of dirt, vulgarity, lies, deceptions, abuses, good little scoundrels, hospitable bribe-takers, hospitable rogues - fathers and benefactors of bribe-takers! I didn’t write these lines about Olshevsky, I don’t know him, but in my imagination the whole image of management, the whole administrative machination appeared.
7. Ivan Turgenev: "The Russian is the greatest and most insolent liar in the whole world."
Turgenev never said or wrote anything like this.
Check out the links below! Complete Works: http://az.lib.ru
8. Ivan Shmelev: "A people that hates freedom, loves slavery, loves chains on their hands and feet, dirty physically and morally ... ready at any moment to oppress everything and everyone."
Shmelev never said or wrote anything like this. Pay attention again, as in the case of Aksakov, the same phrase is used - physical and moral - no Russian, and even in the time of Shmelev did not speak like that. The Russian language for the writer of this phrase is not native, we will come across this below.
Check out the links below! Complete Works: http://www.lib.ru
9. Alexander Pushkin: "A people indifferent to the least obligation, to the least justice, to the least truth, a people that does not recognize human dignity, that does not fully recognize either free man or free thought."
Pushkin never said or wrote anything like this. The quote allegedly belonging to Pushkin contains semantic errors. Which can mean only one thing - the Russian language for the writer of this phrase is not native.
Check out the links below! Complete Works: http://www.lib.ru
10. Philosopher Vladimir Solovyov wrote:"The Russian people are in an extremely sad state: they are sick, ruined, demoralized." “And now we learn that he, in the person of a significant part of his intelligentsia, although he cannot formally be considered insane, is nevertheless obsessed with false ideas bordering on delusions of grandeur and delusions of enmity towards him of everyone and everyone. Indifferent to his real benefit and real harm, he imagines non-existent dangers and bases the most absurd assumptions on them. It seems to him that all his neighbors offend him, do not bow enough to his greatness and in every way slander him. He accuses each of his household of striving to harm him, separate from him and go over to enemies , and he considers all his neighbors to be his enemies ... "
Solovyov never said or wrote anything of the kind.
one). Pay attention to the use, as in the case of Pavlov, of the word - sad, which suggests that the false quotes are the product of the work of the same person.
2). An explicit metaphor (allegorical imposition of a version), in its psychotherapeutic and propagandistic understanding, of the August 2008 events in the interpretation of the Georgian authorities.
Check out the links below! Complete Works: http://www.vehi.net
Dmitry Serov
The idea of this article was inspired by the posts of some dark personalities who publish on various sites on the Internet examples of quotes allegedly belonging to famous Russian figures, in which the dignity and mental abilities of the Russian people are humiliated. In a small study aimed at clarifying the situation around the sources of these lies, a well-known search engine was used, which provided invaluable assistance in establishing the truth. Here, in fact, are the very false quotes that are walking around the expanses of the Internet.
1. Academician Pavlov
2. Alexei Tolstoy:\"Muscovy-Russian taiga, Mongolian, wild, bestial \". (Muscovy - the Russia of taiga, Mongolic, wild, bestial.)
3. Fyodor Dostoevsky:\"A people that wanders around Europe looking for something to destroy, to destroy just for fun\". (People who roam across Europe in search of what to destroy and obliterate, only for the sake of gratification.)
4. Mikhail Bulgakov: \"They are not people, they are boors, villains, wild hordes of murderers and miscreants.]
5. Maxim Gorky:\"The most important sign of the success of the Russian people is its sadistic cruelty \". (The most important trait of the success of the Russian people is their sadistic brutality.)
6. Ivan Aksakov:\"Oh, how hard it is to live in Russia, in this stinking center of physical and moral depravity, meanness, lies and villainy \". (How difficult it is to live in Russia, this stinking center of physical and moral perversity, meanness, deceit and evil.)
7. Ivan Turgenev:\"Russian is the biggest and most insolent liar in the whole world \". (A Russian is the greatest and the cheekiest of all liars in the world.)
8. Ivan Shmelev: \"The people that hates the will, loves slavery, loves the chains on their hands and feet, dirty physically and morally...ready at any moment to oppress everything and everything \". (The people who hate freedom, adore enslavement, love handcuffs and who are filthy morally and physically, ready to oppress everyone and everything.)
9. Alexander Pushkin: \"A people indifferent to the least duty, to the least justice, to the least truth, a people that does not recognize human dignity, that does not fully recognize either a free person or free thought \". (The people who are indifferent to the least of obligations, to the least of fairness, to the least of truth... the people who do not recognize human dignity, who entirely defy a free man and a free thought.)
:\"The Russian people are in an extremely sad state: they are sick, ruined, demoralized\". \"And now we learn that he, in the person of a significant part of his intelligentsia, although he cannot formally be considered insane, is nevertheless obsessed with false ideas bordering on delusions of grandeur and delusions of enmity towards him of everyone and everyone. Indifferent to his real benefit and real harm "He imagines non-existent dangers and bases on them the most absurd assumptions. It seems to him that all his neighbors offend him, do not bow enough to his greatness and in every possible way against him. He accuses each of his household of striving to harm him, separate from him and go to enemies, and he considers all his neighbors to be his enemies...\"
Now let's look at it in detail:
1. Academician Pavlov: \"I must express my sad view of the Russian man - he has such a weak brain system that he is not able to perceive reality as such. For him, there are only words. His conditioned reflexes are coordinated not with actions, but with words \". 1932
Pavlov never said or wrote anything like that.
1). From the point of view of physiology, the false quote attributed to Academician Pavlov is absolutely amateurish. Even if we discard the absolutely delusional and Russophobic first sentence, upon hearing which the old man Pavlov, without hesitation, would have carried out an emergency lobotomy of the inflamed brain of the author of such nonsense, then, in the third, an abnormality in the connection of the conditioned reflex and words is postulated. Although, even people far from science understand that the higher the neurophysiological organization of a person, the more capable he is of reflex actions based on speech. Apparently, the writer of this quote is worse than a trained dog - since he is not able to coordinate his activities with words.
2). Pay attention to the word used - \"sad \", it will be used below, which suggests that the false quotes are the product of the work of the same person.
2. Alexei Tolstoy:\"Muscovy-Russian taiga, Mongolian, wild, bestial \". The works of Aleksey Nikolaevich and Aleksey Konstantinovich have been verified. Both writers have never said or written anything like this.
Complete works of both:
http://az.lib.ru
3. Fyodor Dostoevsky:\"A people that wanders around Europe looking for something to destroy, to destroy just for fun\".
The phrase was taken out of context. Dostoyevsky reflects critically on the European view of Russians.
Check out the links below!
Writer's diary. 1876:
http://az.lib.ru
\"I said that Russians are not loved in Europe. That they do not like - about this, I think, no one will argue, but, by the way, we are accused in Europe, all Russians, almost without exception, that we are terrible liberals, moreover - revolutionaries and always, even with some kind of love, tend to join the destructive rather than the conservative elements of Europe.For this, many Europeans look at us mockingly and condescendingly - hatefully: they do not understand why we should be deniers in someone else's business, they positively take away from us the right of European denial - on the ground that they do not recognize us as belonging to civilization. They see us rather as barbarians wandering around Europe and rejoicing that something and somewhere can be destroyed - destroy only for the sake of destruction. , for the pleasure of just watching how it all falls apart, like a horde of savages, like the Huns, ready to flood over ancient Rome and destroy the shrine, without even having any idea what kind of jewel they are destroying. In their own way, they declared themselves liberals in Europe - this is true, and even this is strange. Has anyone ever asked themselves the question: why is this so? Why is it that almost nine-tenths of Russians, during our entire century, cultivating in Europe, always adjoined that layer of Europeans that was liberal, to the left side, that is, always to the side that itself denied its own culture, its own civilization, more or less finite (what Thiers denies in civilization and what the Paris Commune of 71 denied in it are extremely different) \"
4. Mikhail Bulgakov: \"Not the people, but cattle, boor, wild horde, murderers and villains.\"
Bulgakov never said or wrote anything like this.
Check out the links below!
Full composition of writings:
http://www.lib.ru
5. Maxim Gorky:\"The most important sign of the success of the Russian people is its sadistic cruelty \".
Gorky never said or wrote anything like this.
Check out the links below!
Full composition of writings:
http://az.lib.ru
6. Ivan Aksakov:\"Oh, how hard it is to live in Russia, in this stinking center of physical and moral depravity, meanness, lies and villainy \".
The phrase has been taken out of context and modified. Aksakov laments Russia's failure in the Crimean War and blames it on bribery.
Pay attention to - physical and moral debauchery - no Russian, and even in the time of Aksakov, would say so. The Russian language for the writer of this phrase is not native, below we will encounter this again
Check out the links below!
Letters to relatives. (1849-1856)
http://az.lib.ru
We had to stand either in Little Russian or Moldovan villages. Moldavian huts are even cleaner and more beautiful than Little Russian ones; no matter how poor the Moldavian is, his hut is decorated with carpets and various homemade handicraft fabrics, which are not even sold. However, these are all women's works; the woman in these aspects is active and industrious and incomparably superior to the man. A young crest is ten times lazier than a native crest. The owner of my hut, having served his underwater service, lay for two days with an air of inexpressible bliss behind the stove, saying only from time to time: When will these sovereigns make peace with each other! In general, the entire Kherson province and Bessarabia are severely depleted and devastated by war and crop failure: there is no bread at all, and there is no other food, except for hominy (corn), and even then in small quantities. Everyone here wants peace, both residents and warriors, a rumor has circulated and continues to circulate among them that Austria is entering into an alliance with us, refusing to let the allies through Moldavia and Wallachia, and they are all happy about this and praise the Austrians. So heavy is the war, so heavy are the sacrifices made with instinctive certainty that they are fruitless, without any animation, that whatever peace is concluded now, it will be accepted here by the inhabitants, and by almost the majority of the army with joy. I say here - in Russia it's different. But even in Russia they somehow got used to failure. When the French landed in the Crimea, the idea that they might get Sevastopol horrified the merchants at the Krolevets fair, and I remember how one rich old man Glazov said with sincere fervor that if Sevastopol was taken, then I would go too. and so on. Sevastopol is taken, he did not go and will not go. - But further. - In Volonterovka, a village inhabited by the Cossacks of the Danube army, mostly Moldovans, we found only 50 men, 700 people in the service. “Here in Bendery the chief commander is the commandant of the fortress, Lieutenant-General Olshevsky, a kind, fat man, a Russian man in the full sense, i.e. representing a combination of courage, good nature, cordiality, simplicity, humility with what constitutes the necessary belonging of any Russian person acting, not living in a peasant community. “Oh, how hard, how unbearably hard it is sometimes to live in Russia, in this stinking environment of dirt, vulgarity, lies, deceptions, abuses, good little scoundrels, hospitable bribe-takers, hospitable rogues - fathers and benefactors of bribe-takers! I did not write these lines about Olshevsky, I do not know him, but in my imagination the whole image of management, the whole administrative machination appeared.
7. Ivan Turgenev:\"Russian is the biggest and most insolent liar in the whole world \".
Turgenev never said or wrote anything like this.
Check out the links below!
Full composition of writings:
http://az.lib.ru
8. Ivan Shmelev: \"The people that hates the will, loves slavery, loves the chains on their hands and feet, dirty physically and morally...ready at any moment to oppress everything and everything \".
Shmelev never said or wrote anything like this.
Pay attention again, as in the case of Aksakov, the same phrase is used - physical and moral - no Russian, and even in the time of Shmelev did not speak like that. The Russian language for the writer of this phrase is not native, below we will encounter this again
Check out the links below!
Full composition of writings:
http://www.lib.ru
9. Alexander Pushkin: \"A people indifferent to the least duty, to the least justice, to the least truth, a people that does not recognize human dignity, that does not fully recognize either a free person or free thought \".
Pushkin never said or wrote anything like this.
The quote allegedly belonging to Pushkin contains semantic errors. Which can mean only one thing - the Russian language for the writer of this phrase is not native.
Check out the links below!
Full composition of writings:
http://www.lib.ru
10. Philosopher Vladimir Solovyov wrote:\"The Russian people are in an extremely sad state: he is sick, ruined, demoralized \". \"And now we learn that he, in the person of a significant part of his intelligentsia, although he cannot formally be considered insane, is nevertheless obsessed with false ideas bordering on delusions of grandeur and delusions of enmity towards him of everyone and everyone. Indifferent to his real benefit and real harm "He imagines non-existent dangers and bases on them the most absurd assumptions. It seems to him that all his neighbors offend him, do not bow enough to his greatness and in every possible way against him. He accuses each of his household of striving to harm him, separate from him and go to enemies, and he considers all his neighbors to be his enemies...\"
Solovyov never said or wrote anything of the kind.
1).
Pay attention to the use, as in the case of Pavlov, of the word - sad, which suggests that the false quotes are the product of the work of the same person.
2).
An explicit metaphor (allegorical imposition of a version), in its psychotherapeutic and propagandistic understanding, of the August 2008 events in the interpretation of the Georgian authorities.
Check out the links below!
Full composition of writings:
http://www.vehi.net
Information impact.
We've all heard the word propaganda and public relations. in other words public relations. Let us discard the discussion of the question of how these two concepts differ from each other, and rather pay attention to what unites them. In both cases, both terms imply some kind of production and delivery of specially constructed information messages to the final listener or consumer. At the same time, the main task of any propagandist or PR specialist (as you like!) a predictable change in the behavior or state of the end consumer of information, whether it is an unbearable desire to fly with a certain airline or a sudden emergence of positive emotions in relation to any organization, etc.
Trust in information.
Consumers of information, voluntarily or not, always evaluate the reliability of incoming information, and the most important issue that PR has to face with information impact is to ensure the trust in the source of information from the target audience. Everything is simple. Ask yourself the question, who is easier to convince you to go to some place, let's say to a store - to a complete stranger on the street or to your close friend? The answer is obvious. In the first case, we have more reason to distrust and suspect bad intentions than in the second.
Once, in ancient Greece, people thought about the principles and methods of persuasion, that in the end all this resulted in the emergence of a whole branch of knowledge - rhetoric. A few centuries later, these skills were successfully used in religious sermons in different parts of the world. And after some time, the name of the phenomenon of mass persuasion was coined - propaganda. Everything would have remained so to this day, if in the last century, at the end of the Second World War, it had not occurred to someone to distance themselves from the term propaganda that had set the teeth on edge with the help of a neutral and plausible-sounding concept - public relations. But no matter how it was - at its deepest basis of public relations is still the same ancient art of public speaking and persuasion.
What did the ancients say about trust and its role in the process of persuasion? The greatest Greek of all time, Aristotle, singled out three reasons in this matter, which, when presented together, make us believe without evidence. This is intelligence, decency and a good attitude towards us. In the process of development and socialization, as well as the acquisition of life experience, a person becomes convinced that others may not be trustworthy for one or more of these reasons. Aristotle believed that incorrect reasoning is the result of:
1.
the speaker's folly,
2.
or rightly reasoning, the individual, as a result of his dishonesty, lies,
3.
or a reasonable and honest person, but one who treats us badly, may not give the best advice, although he knows what it consists of.
Will we fully trust the advice of a man who is unreasonable, but decent and on good terms with us? And smart, but a liar? Or, for example, will we believe a reasonable and decent, but having unkind feelings towards us?
Now it is worth mentioning famous and famous personalities, whose statements we tend to trust without much evidence. These people, as a rule, worked long and hard, as a result, they proved to everyone their reasonableness and decency, and also, for the most part, a good attitude towards society. That is, they deserve a certain prestige. In PR there is a special term for them - opinion leaders. If we delve completely into the jungle of science, then the perception of authority is due to the laws of human thinking, namely, the desire of the human mind to generalize. There are good reasons for this. We would probably expend great mental effort, forced to constantly reflect on the intentions, reasonableness and decency of people close to us - as we do when judging strangers or unfamiliar ones.
Discrediting the source.
And now about how specialists in the field of PR and propaganda act in conditions of tough competitive situations, when two or more sources of information are fighting for the consciousness of the audience, and there are no special regulatory rules. I mean the so-called information wars, which, as a rule, are the product of information support for certain political actions. In addition to a number of measures, propagandists are trying to undermine the credibility of competing sources of information, while at the same time raising the credibility rating of their own as much as possible.
To discredit the trust of the audience, thereby increasing the likelihood of rejection of the information, according to Aristotle, will be any doubts of the listeners in:
1.
Intelligence source
2.
Decency (honesty, morality, appearance, etc.)
3.
Favors (good intentions, good attitude towards the target audience)
In the light of the foregoing, it seems useful to analyze the semantic orientation of false quotes in terms of destabilization of trust in each of the three parameters.
1. Academician Pavlov: \"I must express my sad view of the Russian man - he has such a weak brain system that he is not able to perceive reality as such. For him, there are only words. His conditioned reflexes are coordinated not with actions, but with words \". 1932
Information Department
17.04.2012 - 14:54
Recently, on the pages of the Internet, statements by well-known and respected historical figures about Russia and Russians have been "walking", the meaning of which boils down to one thing: Russians are creatures, in Russia they are garbage. Of course, this fake, created by the Georgian so-called, has nothing to do with reality. intelligentsia, has not. However, the inventions of the great ones are gladly picked up by Russophobic movements in the post-Soviet space from the Baltic fascists to the Ukrainian Nazis.
Any person with even the slightest knowledge of history and literature can easily expose these fakes, but their target audience is not us, but the generation that grew up in the conditions of the collapse of our fundamental education, a real humanitarian catastrophe. that has befallen our peoples. The reflections of Dmitry Serov also coincide with my thoughts:
Information war. False quotes about Russians
The idea of this article was inspired by the posts of some dark personalities who publish on various sites on the Internet examples of quotes allegedly belonging to famous Russian figures, in which the dignity and mental abilities of the Russian people are humiliated. In a small study aimed at clarifying the situation around the sources of these lies, a well-known search engine was used, which provided invaluable assistance in establishing the truth. Here, in fact, are the very false quotes that are walking around the expanses of the Internet.
1. Academician Pavlov: "I must express my sad view of the Russian person - he has such a weak brain system that he is not able to perceive reality as such. For him, only words exist. His conditioned reflexes are coordinated not with actions, but with words." 1932
2. Alexei Tolstoy: "Muscovy is the Russia of the taiga, Mongolian, wild, bestial."
3. Fyodor Dostoevsky: "The people who wander around Europe and look for what can be destroyed, destroyed just for the sake of entertainment."
4. Mikhail Bulgakov: "Not the people, but cattle, boor, wild horde, murderers and villains."
5. Maxim Gorky: "The most important sign of the success of the Russian people is their sadistic cruelty."
6. Ivan Aksakov: "Oh, how hard it is to live in Russia, in this stinking center of physical and moral debauchery, meanness of lies and villainy."
7. Ivan Turgenev: "The Russian is the greatest and most insolent liar in the whole world."
8. Ivan Shmelev: "The people that hate the will, love slavery, love the chains on their hands and feet, dirty physically and morally ... ready at any moment to oppress everything and everyone."
9. Alexander Pushkin: "A people indifferent to the least obligation, to the least justice, to the least truth, a people that does not recognize human dignity, that does not fully recognize either a free person or free thought."
10. Philosopher Vladimir Solovyov: "The Russian people are in an extremely sad state: they are sick, ruined, demoralized." “And now we learn that he, in the person of a significant part of his intelligentsia, although he cannot formally be considered insane, is nevertheless obsessed with false ideas bordering on delusions of grandeur and delusions of enmity towards him of everyone and everyone. Indifferent to his real benefit and real harm, he imagines non-existent dangers and bases the most absurd assumptions on them. It seems to him that all his neighbors offend him, do not bow enough to his greatness and in every way slander him. He accuses each of his household of striving to harm him, separate from him and go over to enemies , and he considers all his neighbors to be his enemies ... "
Now let's look at it in detail:
1. Academician Pavlov: "I must express my sad view of the Russian person - he has such a weak brain system that he is not able to perceive reality as such. For him, only words exist. His conditioned reflexes are coordinated not with actions, but with words." 1932
Pavlov never said or wrote anything like this:
one). From the point of view of physiology, the false quote attributed to Academician Pavlov is absolutely amateurish. Even if we discard the absolutely delusional and Russophobic first sentence, upon hearing which the old man Pavlov, without hesitation, would have carried out an emergency lobotomy of the inflamed brain of the author of such nonsense, then, in the third, an abnormality in the connection of the conditioned reflex and words is postulated. Although, even people far from science understand that the higher the neurophysiological organization of a person, the more capable he is of reflex actions based on speech. Apparently, the writer of this quote is worse than a trained dog - since he is not able to coordinate his activities with words.
2). Pay attention to the word used - "sad", it will be used below, which suggests that the false quotes are the product of the creativity of the same person.
2. Alexei Tolstoy: "Muscovy is the Russia of the taiga, Mongolian, wild, bestial."
The works of Aleksey Nikolaevich and Aleksey Konstantinovich have been verified. Both writers have never said or written anything like this.
Check out the links below! Complete works of both: http://az.lib.ru
3. Fyodor Dostoevsky: "The people who wander around Europe and look for what can be destroyed, destroyed just for the sake of entertainment."
The phrase was taken out of context. Dostoyevsky reflects critically on the European view of Russians.
Check out the links below! Writer's diary. 1876: http://az.lib.ru
True words of Dostoevsky: “I said that Russians are not loved in Europe. That they are not loved - I think no one will argue about this, but, by the way, we are accused in Europe, all Russians, almost without exception, that we are terrible liberals, what's more, the revolutionaries are always, with some kind of love, inclined to join the destructive rather than the conservative elements of Europe.For this, many Europeans look at us mockingly and condescendingly - hatefully: they do not understand why it is for us to be in a foreign deniers, they positively take away from us the right of European denial - on the ground that they do not recognize us as belonging to civilization. They see us rather as barbarians, wandering around Europe and rejoicing that something, somewhere, can be destroyed - to destroy just for destruction, just for the pleasure of watching it all fall apart, like a horde of savages, like the Huns, ready to swarm over ancient Rome and destroy the shrine, without even a clue what jewel they are destroying. Russians, in fact, for the most part, declared themselves liberals in Europe - this is true, and even this is strange. Has anyone ever asked themselves the question: why is this so? Why is it that almost nine-tenths of Russians, during our entire century, cultivating in Europe, always adjoined that layer of Europeans that was liberal, to the left side, that is, always to the side that itself denied its own culture, its own civilization, more or less finite (what Thiers denies in civilization and what the Paris Commune of 71 denied in it are extremely different)"
4. Mikhail Bulgakov: "Not the people, but cattle, boor, wild horde, murderers and villains."
Bulgakov never said or wrote anything like this.
5. Maxim Gorky: "The most important sign of the success of the Russian people is their sadistic cruelty."
Gorky never said or wrote anything like this.
6. Ivan Aksakov: "Oh, how hard it is to live in Russia, in this stinking center of physical and moral debauchery, meanness of lies and villainy."
The phrase has been taken out of context and modified. Aksakov laments Russia's failure in the Crimean War and blames it on bribery. Pay attention to - physical and moral debauchery - no Russian, and even in the time of Aksakov, would say so. The Russian language for the writer of this phrase is not native, we will come across this below.
Check out the links below! Letters to relatives. (1849-1856): http://az.lib.ru
Genuine Aksakov's reflections: “We had to stand either in Little Russian or Moldavian villages. Moldavian huts are even cleaner and more beautiful than Little Russian ones; no matter how poor the Moldavian is, his hut is decorated with carpets and various homemade handicraft fabrics, which are not even sold. However, these are all women's works; the woman in these aspects is active and industrious and incomparably superior to the man. A young crest is ten times lazier than a native crest. The owner of my hut, having served his underwater service, lay for two days with an air of inexpressible bliss behind the stove, saying only from time to time: When will these sovereigns make peace with each other! In general, the entire Kherson province and Bessarabia are severely depleted and devastated by war and crop failure: there is no bread at all, and there is no other food, except for hominy (corn), and even then in small quantities. Everyone here wants peace, both residents and warriors, a rumor has circulated and continues to circulate among them that Austria is entering into an alliance with us, refusing to let the allies through Moldavia and Wallachia, and they are all happy about this and praise the Austrians. So heavy is the war, so heavy are the sacrifices made with instinctive certainty that they are fruitless, without any animation, that whatever peace is concluded now, it will be accepted here by the inhabitants, and by almost the majority of the army with joy. I say here - in Russia it's different. But even in Russia they somehow got used to failure. When the French landed in the Crimea, the idea that they might get Sevastopol horrified the merchants at the Krolevets fair, and I remember how one rich old man Glazov said with sincere fervor that if Sevastopol was taken, then I would go too. and so on. Sevastopol is taken, he did not go and will not go. - But further. - In Volonterovka, a village inhabited by the Cossacks of the Danube army, mostly Moldovans, we found only 50 men, 700 people in the service. “Here in Bendery the chief commander is the commandant of the fortress, Lieutenant-General Olshevsky, a kind, fat man, a Russian man in the full sense, i.e. representing a combination of courage, good nature, cordiality, simplicity, humility with what constitutes the necessary belonging of any Russian person acting, not living in a peasant community. “Oh, how hard, how unbearably hard it is sometimes to live in Russia, in this stinking environment of dirt, vulgarity, lies, deceptions, abuses, good little scoundrels, hospitable bribe-takers, hospitable rogues - fathers and benefactors of bribe-takers! I didn’t write these lines about Olshevsky, I don’t know him, but in my imagination the whole image of management, the whole administrative machination appeared.
7. Ivan Turgenev: "The Russian is the greatest and most insolent liar in the whole world."
Turgenev never said or wrote anything like this.
Check out the links below! Complete Works: http://az.lib.ru
8. Ivan Shmelev: "The people that hate the will, love slavery, love the chains on their hands and feet, dirty physically and morally ... ready at any moment to oppress everything and everyone."
Shmelev never said or wrote anything like this. Pay attention again, as in the case of Aksakov, the same phrase is used - physical and moral - no Russian, and even in the time of Shmelev did not speak like that. The Russian language for the writer of this phrase is not native, we will come across this below.
Check out the links below! Complete Works: http://www.lib.ru
9. Alexander Pushkin: "A people indifferent to the least obligation, to the least justice, to the least truth, a people that does not recognize human dignity, that does not fully recognize either a free person or free thought."
Pushkin never said or wrote anything like this. The quote, allegedly from Pushkin, contains semantic errors. Which can mean only one thing - the Russian language for the writer of this phrase is not native.
Check out the links below! Complete Works: http://www.lib.ru
10. Philosopher Vladimir Solovyov wrote: "The Russian people are in an extremely sad state: they are sick, ruined, demoralized." “And now we learn that he, in the person of a significant part of his intelligentsia, although he cannot formally be considered insane, is nevertheless obsessed with false ideas bordering on delusions of grandeur and delusions of enmity towards him of everyone and everyone. Indifferent to his real benefit and real harm, he imagines non-existent dangers and bases the most absurd assumptions on them. It seems to him that all his neighbors offend him, do not bow enough to his greatness and in every way slander him. He accuses each of his household of striving to harm him, separate from him and go over to enemies , and he considers all his neighbors to be his enemies ... "
Solovyov never said or wrote anything of the kind.
one). Pay attention to the use, as in the case of Pavlov, of the word - sad, which suggests that the false quotes are the product of the work of the same person.
2). An explicit metaphor (allegorical imposition of a version), in its psychotherapeutic and propagandistic understanding, of the August 2008 events in the interpretation of the Georgian authorities.
Check out the links below! Complete Works: http://www.vehi.net
“Genetic scientists have destroyed the fundamental Russophobic myths,” writes the notorious user mrlycien, “Recent joint research by Russian, British and Estonian genetic scientists put a big and bold cross on the common Russophobic myth that has been inculcated in the minds of people for decades - they say, “scratch the Russian and be sure you will find a Tatar." Further, the Russian self-admires (something between orgasm and paranoia): “We are not Tatars. Tatars are not us. (It is in bold type, like a mantra) No influence on the so-called Russian genes. "Mongol-Tatar yoke" - did not. We, the Russians, did not have any admixture of "Horde blood" and do not. Moreover, scientists - geneticists, summing up their research, declare the almost complete identity of the genotypes of Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians, thereby proving that we were and remain one people. These are the convulsions of the ersatz nationality, which is not even able to determine itself politically. Russians don't have a Russian president, they don't have a Russian republic-country, they don't even have a Russian party in the Russian parliament. What? Say there is a Russian Duma, there is a Russian president, there are Russian parties United Russia, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, A Just Russia and the Liberal Democratic Party? Pardon me, the national consciousness does not tolerate the substitution of concepts. Russians, if they still exist, as a nation, are not emigrants, like the Americans and not the Ugric peoples who came from behind the Ural Ranges to the Carpathian Mountains. Then why don't they have the first signs of a nation?.. The chest opens simply: Marvelous people. If the people are self-sufficient, then they are proud of their roots, learn their history, want to know what their ancestors did in the autochthonous territory, and so on. In this case, it would be more interesting for Russians to know what their ancestors did on Moscow lands, what was the culture of the peoples of Moksha, Chud, Vesy, Erzya on the territory of modern Ryazan, Moscow, Suzdal, Vologda, Tula. If the Russians so want to cling to the Russian ethnos - Russian-Ukrainians and Litvin-Belarusians, then why don't they understand their language? Why such disregard for the indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation - Tatars, Caucasians, Mordovians, Pomors and Erzyans? Probably, sticking to someone else's European kinship and foreign history among Russians from an inferiority complex. Russians subconsciously feel that they are a collective image, props. So they cling to Russia, Kyiv, Lvov, Volyn, Chernigov. It was these lands that made up medieval Russia. The Russians do not want to settle down, their memory gnaws (it is foolish to hope on the conscience of the executioners) that Nestor the chronicler wrote in Kyiv in my Russian, and not in the Russian Moksha-Tatar surzhik, that the Zaporozhian Sich is also Ukrainian history. They understand that, as it were, the "Russian" tsars of German blood - Peter and Catherine destroyed the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, as if they were foreigners. For the same reason, by order of Moscow, Bibles and the Gospel in Russian-Ukrainian were burned in the fires of the Russian Inquisition, as it were, in the church. After all, everyone has long known that the Ukrainian clergy and pundits from Ukraine and Belarus were the educators of the katsap serfs. While frogs were croaking on the Moskva River in Lvov, Ostrog, Kyiv, academies and higher schools were already rumbling all over Europe. Ivan Fedorov, before fulfilling the Moscow order, did his best in Lvov and Mensk. Somehow a friend in LiveJournal wrote an interesting thought: This is all their projection, that is, they mold their own to others. - The Austrian General Staff - a projection of the German General Staff with Peter-1 and Katya. Today the Germans have been replaced by the State Department. - 988 - Baptism of Kievan Rus projection - 1147 - the first mention of Moscow in the annals - 1448 - separation of the Moscow metropolis from Kyiv. Naturally, Constantinople did not recognize the Moscow metropolis then - schismatics, however ... Now they are projecting this onto Ukraine and talking about schismatics about the Kiev Patriarchate of the UOC. - Sahaidachny (the hetman who conquered Muscovy) is a projection of the fact that there was no Kulikovo battle. - Ukrainian old Slavic mova. Projection - Rutsky artificial. - Ukrainians have more than 100,000 folk songs (it took several centuries to create such a music library) - they have all the carols distorted by us. - They have a collapse of the raw material economy, and we are all "crushed" and "stop feeding." - We have all the shrines - they almost have Solovki and then a prison, and the churches are all mosques and in the stars. Another Siberian kuula (Mikhail Evgenievich Kulekhov) from Novosibirsk, who I knew from LiveJournal, said the following about this: The nationality "Russians" does not exist at all. This word has always denoted precisely the imperial nation. This word was put into circulation by Katerina Leksevna (Second), herself being a natural German, she staked precisely on the empire, on overcoming national self-consciousness. The term "Russians" has the same meaning as "Soviet people" - or, to take more ancient examples, the terms "Romans" or "Ottomans". The Romans included the Syrians (the dynasty of the Severes), and the Dalmatians (Diocletian), and the Spaniards (Trajan), and the Jews (the Apostle Paul). The national policy of the Second Rome was just as fundamentally indifferent (both Syrians and Armenians were emperors there), including the Ottoman Empire (in fact, this is Byzantium, only with a different dynasty - not the Palaiologoi or Komnenos, but the Ottomans, just think how many they were replaced during the era of Rome! ). The official language of the Ottoman Empire was "Ottomanian" - the Arabic-Aramaic-Turkic dialect (by no means Turkish), and the same Syrians, and the same Armenians, and, for example, Zaporozhye and Don Cossacks were among the imperial Ottoman nation - Old Believers who left the Moscow tsars for the Ottomans and, on the same Cossack grounds, were accepted into the service of the Sultan (unlike Muscovy, no one tried to infringe on their faith in any way). In my understanding, "Russians" is a shameful and insulting nickname. Of course, Russia is not Russia. And it's funny when these two concepts are confused. Russia is an empire claiming succession with Russia. The validity of these claims is negligible. In general, the collective imperial plebs have a gap in patterns. Russia is dying without Ukraine and Ukrainian history. It's a pity that such a great country is gone, and the people are turning into homeless people. Armageddon of the rutskagamir occurs as a result of a misunderstanding of objective reasons, denationalization and one’s own inferiority complex, inferiority .. But you really wanted to be God-bearers ... While the post was being written: Some Anonymous wrote in Zhurnal: - In my opinion, the assertion of Katz that Ukrainians and Russians have common roots have a base. My grandfather, of course, is not so hot a geneticist and psychiatrist, but even he came to the conclusion that "katsi, they were crazy Ukrainians." To which I had to answer: - The point is that Russia is inhabited by both "stray Khokhols" and just Ukrainian mankurts and cosmopolitan lumpen. There are several million of them. But, without a national consciousness, having completely denationalized and forgotten their roots, they are the imperial rednecks. And the Rutskys themselves were born as a result of natural selection and crossing of Finno-Ugric, Tatar, Baltic and partly Slavic tribes. If the "Russians" were a full-fledged nation, then they would not try to climb into other peoples with their kinship and would have long ago created their own national state with national governments. Moreover, there were several reasons: both in 1917 and in 1991. Only for some reason, in the first case, they were first led by a Kalmyk Jew, then by a Georgian, with the help of this "Russian" people they destroyed the "Russian" church and the same "Russian" brothers. For the same reason, today Moscow pays tribute to the Caucasian republics for peace. See for yourself: why don't Tatars, Belarusians, Austrians, Lithuanians, Ugrians, Moldovians or Poles pester Ukrainians with some far-fetched kinship? Although they lived no less than "Russians" with Ukrainians in the same state. These nations do not claim Ukrainian roots just because they love their nation and are proud of it. And those who feel their inferiority are drawn to others, cling to themselves.
Turgenev belonged to a galaxy of major Russian writers of the second half of the 19th century. On the slope of his life, he created the lyric-philosophical Poems in Prose. Not all works from this cycle are included in the school curriculum, although many of them are of great educational value in the educational process.
The best features of the Russian people, their cordiality, responsiveness to the suffering of their neighbors, Turgenev captured in the poems “Two rich men”, “Masha”, “Schi”, “Hang him!”. Here, as in Notes of a Hunter, the moral superiority of a simple Russian peasant over representatives of the ruling classes is shown.
In the poem “Two Rich Men” to the rich Rothschild, “who devotes whole thousands of his income to the upbringing of children, to the treatment of the sick ...”, Turgenev contrasted a poor peasant family, “who accepted an orphan niece into their ruined little house.” “We’ll take Katya,” the woman said, “the last pennies will go to her, there will be nothing to get salt, to salt the stew ...”
And we have her ... and not salty, - answered the man, her husband.
How much genuine nobility, cordiality and moral strength in this peasant. And it is not by chance that Turgenev ends the poem “Two Rich Men” with the exclamation: “Rothschild is far from this peasant!” .
The depth of feelings of a simple Russian person is captured in the image of a young cab driver mourning the death of his wife in the poem "Masha".
Turgenev was especially fond of talking “with night cabbies, poor suburban peasants who arrived in the capital with sleigh-painted sledges and a bad nag - in the hope of feeding themselves and collecting the gentlemen for quitrent.”
One day he was talking with such a cabman. “A guy of about twenty, tall, stately, well done; blue eyes, ruddy cheeks; fair-haired hair curls in ringlets from under a patched cap pulled down to the very eyebrows. And as soon as this tattered Armenian coat climbed onto these heroic shoulders! The guy began to tell him about his wife. Turgenev notes that “Russians, as a rule, are not prone to tender feelings,” but “extraordinary tenderness” sounded in the words of the cabman. « And how friendly we lived with her! She died without me. As soon as I found out here that she, therefore, had already been buried, I hurried to the village, home.
Arrived - and it was already after midnight. I went into my hut, stopped in the middle and said quietly: “Masha! and Masha! Only the cricket is crackling." Woe, compassion sound in the words of the cabman: “I cried here, sat down on the hutted floor - and slapped the ground with my palm! “Insatiable, I say, the womb! .. You ate it ... devour me too! Ah, Masha! .
In the poem "Schi", as well as in the poem "Two Rich Men", the world of the rich, the bar, is opposed to the world of poor, impoverished peasants, and the sympathy of the humanist writer is on the side of the latter. The same grief, it would seem, should have brought two mothers closer, but social inequality gives rise to an abyss between women, and one mother who once experienced the same grief does not understand and will never understand another.
The widow's only son died. A landowner who lost her nine-month-old daughter a few years ago visits a woman. She found her at home. “Standing in the middle of the hut, in front of the table, she, slowly, with an even movement of her right hand (left hanging like a whip), scooped up empty cabbage soup from the bottom of a smoky pot and swallowed spoon after spoon. The woman's face became haggard and darkened; her eyes were reddened and swollen ... but she carried herself earnestly and straight, as in church.
“And cabbage soup doesn’t disappear: after all, they are salted,” she says.
“The lady just shrugged her shoulders and went out. She got salt cheaply.
One of Turgenev's prose poems, "Hang him!", has a historical basis. The events take place on the eve of the battle of Austerlitz, which sadly went down in history as a shamefully lost by Russia. Seeming at first glance as a sad reality of the life of Russian soldiers in Austria, where they committed robberies and outrages, and in the turmoil of the war both the right and the guilty were punished, this story, in addition to the concrete historical one, has another, much more important, moral and philosophical aspect. The basis of the poem was one of the most important, "damned" questions, considered in the works of Pushkin, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky - what is Truth and what is a person in front of her? This problem is in the story "Hang him!" The author decides on the example of a story, the tragic outcome of which is deliberately reduced by its everyday, everyday circumstances, the story of how the officer-narrator's orderly was sentenced to death on an insignificant, unfair accusation of stealing the hens of the hostess, in whose house they stayed. This tragically absurd situation, when the hostess, Yegor Avtamonov accused by her, in reality an “honest and meek” person, and his master appeared before the court in the person of a passing general, reveals the moral level of each hero’s personality. When the general, a “distracted and gloomy man”, pronounces a sentence, the essence of Yegor Avtamonov, a “righteous man,” as the narrator officer calls him, is revealed to us. Being a man of crystal clear, absolutely honest, dedicated to the service, Yegor did not even try to defend himself in front of the general. Obviously, confident in his innocence, knowing that he was clean before God, he hoped for a fair trial and did not see the need to prove his innocence in the theft to this man, “fat and flabby”, “with a downcast head”, who, in fact, was indifferent to fate Egor ... "The truth does not require proof" - so, probably, thought the batman, stretched out to attention, frightened, "white as clay", but still silent. As a true righteous man, Yegor was able to adequately accept death, the terrible order of the general, repeating only: “God knows, not me,” he knew that he would appear before the Almighty, a more merciful judge, with a clear conscience. In addition, he forgives the hostess, asks "so that she does not kill herself", realizing that this woman, who saw the light at the cost of his death, will live with a heavy burden of guilt. She, who ruined her soul with this sin, is punished to a much greater extent than Yegor ... The spiritual strength of this man puts him immeasurably higher than other heroes. Its owner, unlike his batman, did not stand the test of truth. Being a person of a different level of moral development, the officer does not understand why Yegor does not justify himself, does not fight for his salvation, "does not say anything to the general." Despite the despair, the unbearable pity, the owner of Avtamonov became faint-hearted, did not dare to protect his subordinate: the fear of falling out of favor himself, arousing the wrath of the general was stronger ... This indirect guilt in the death of Yegor remained an unhealed wound, an indelible stain of shame in the officer’s soul who, many years later, fully realized the extraordinary moral qualities of his batman and also forgave himself.
In Poems in Prose, Turgenev writes with special warmth about his homeland. Having sounded for the first time, this theme never disappeared from the writer's work.
The landscape sketch given in the work "The Village" is imbued with an understanding of rural peasant life, to the Russian peasantry itself and the joy that this is no longer a serf village, but a free one. Thanks to this, an idealization of the village life of that time is created. The mention at the end of the poem about the Russian-Turkish war of 1878 and the dream of the "patriots" to erect "a cross on the dome of Hagia Sophia in Tsar-Grad" has the meaning that the improvement of the life of a peasant, and not cities should be the true concern of the Russian people.
The Sphinx is a winged monster with the body of a lion and a female head. Dwelling on a rock near Thebes, the sphinx asked riddles to passers-by and destroyed those who could not solve them. And the riddle was this: “Which living creature walks on four legs in the morning, two in the afternoon, and three in the evening?” Oedipus solved the riddle of the Sphinx. And the Thebans made him their king.
The image of the sphinx did not leave Turgenev throughout his literary activity. The likening of Russia to a sphinx is first encountered by Turgenev in his letter to P. Viardot dated May 4 (16), 1850 from Courtavnel: “Russia will wait - this huge and gloomy figure, motionless and mysterious, like the sphinx of Oedipus. She will consume me a little later. I think I see her heavy, lifeless gaze fixed on me with cold attention, as befits a stony eye. Be calm, sphinx, I will return to you, and then you can devour me at your pleasure if I do not solve your riddle! But leave me alone for a little more time! I will return to your steppes!” . This thought appears in the poem The Sphinx. One can guess that Turgenev's poem is connected with "the unsolved sphinx of Russian life." A Russian peasant appears to Turgenev as a sphinx, concealing a riddle: “Yes, it’s you, Karp, Sidor, Semyon, a Yaroslavl, Ryazan peasant, my brother-in-law, a Russian bone! How long have you been in the sphinxes? Even the Slavophiles did not solve this riddle. And this controversy with them is in the line: “Alas! it’s not enough to put on a murmolka to become your Oedipus, O All-Russian Sphinx!”
Nymphs are mythological deities that inhabit the seas, rivers, valleys, forests. They ascended Olympus, participated in the council of the gods, led a cheerful life, inspired poets. Their cult reflected the cheerful spirit of the fairy-tale world. The dream of reviving this spirit links Turgenev with Schiller and Goethe.
The ancient Greeks revered Pan as the patron saint of shepherds, hunters, fishermen, and beekeepers. He wanders through forests and mountains, walks with nymphs, plays the flute. The expression "The great pan has died!" in the poem "Nymphs", first used by Plutarch, means the end of an entire era.
One of the clearly expressed interests of Turgenev are religious motives, concentrated mainly around the problem of the relationship between heavenly truth and human truth and the interpretation of the image of Christ. The works in which an attempt was made to create an artistic image of Christ were well known to Turgenev. Back in the 1850s, he saw, for example, the famous painting by A. Ivanov "The Appearance of Christ to the People", created not without the influence of the indicated book by Strauss, which Turgenev also read in his youth, knew the painting by I. N. Kramskoy "Christ in the Desert" and the polemic of this artist with M. M. Antokolsky, who created the sculpture “Christ before the court of the people” (1875). This sculpture, in which Antokolsky, in his own words, tried to depict Christ “as simply, calmly, as popularly as possible”, was created in 1878, that is, just in the year when the World Exhibition of Sculpture was organized in Paris. The image of Christ was created by Turgenev in the poem "Christ". In all author's manuscripts, the title of this poem in prose had the subtitle "Dream" (several years before, in the story "Living Relics", Turgenev depicted Lukerya's dream about Christ).
The dream turned into a vision. The idea of simplicity, the ordinariness of Christ is the main one in the poem. In the church, the young man sees a man who "... has a face similar to all human faces, the same ordinary, albeit unfamiliar features." "It was only then that I realized that it was precisely such a face - a face similar to all human faces - that it was the face of Christ." And his clothes are normal. Christ is a man, he is the same as all people.
Among the poems in prose, the patriotic miniature "Russian Language" occupies a prominent place. The great artist of the word treated the Russian language with extraordinary subtlety and tenderness. The writer urged to protect our beautiful language. He believed that the future belongs to the Russian language, that great works could be created with the help of such a language. “In days of doubt, in days of painful reflections about the fate of my homeland, you are my only support and support, O great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language! Without you - how not to fall into despair at the sight of everything that happens at home? But it is impossible to believe that such a language was not given to a great people!” .
Literature.
- Turgenev I.S. Complete collection of works and letters: In 30 vol.-M.: Nauka, 1978. -735 p. Citations are from this edition, by volume and page.
- Shatalov S.E. "Poems in prose" by I.S. Turgenev. To help the teacher. - Arzamas, 1961.-312s.
