“No one but us!”, “There are no impossible tasks”, “Even death is not an excuse for not fulfilling an order” - the Airborne Forces of the USSR and Russia have been faithful to these mottos for all 85 years of their history. Designed for air coverage of the enemy and combat operations in the enemy rear, the Airborne Forces have always made special demands on the combat training of personnel. Especially today, when combat training is being conducted twice as intensively as a year ago, and all exercises are as close as possible to a combat situation. “In case of war, guys in blue berets will be thrown into the mouth of the aggressor to tear this mouth!”

General physical and airborne training (including parachute jumps with full combat gear, day and night, in the most difficult meteorological conditions), hand-to-hand combat and fire training (not only accurate, but also economical shooting, because each cartridge in the landing is worth its weight in gold ), reconnaissance and communications, camouflage and survival in extreme conditions, extreme medicine and mine blasting, tracking and forcing water barriers, combat in the city and the green, mountain and arctic training (especially relevant today, when Russia creates special brigades for protecting your interests in the Arctic) - in this manual you will find the necessary information about the entire training complex of the Airborne Forces, because a paratrooper must be a universal fighter!

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE VDV

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE VDV

"Learn to win!"

Motto 242 UTs VDV

With the development of the Airborne Forces in the Soviet Union, the system of training command personnel developed and improved, which was initiated by the creation in August 1941 in the city of Kuibyshev of the Airborne School, which in the autumn of 1942 was relocated to Moscow. In June 1943, the school was disbanded, and training continued at the Higher Officer Courses of the Airborne Forces. In 1946, in the city of Frunze, to replenish the officer cadres of the Airborne Forces, a military parachute school was formed, the students of which were officers of the Airborne Forces and graduates of infantry schools. In 1947, after the first graduation of retrained officers, the school was relocated to the city of Alma-Ata, and in 1959 to the city of Ryazan. The school program included the study of airborne training (ADP) as one of the main disciplines. The methodology for passing the course was built taking into account the requirements for airborne assault forces in the Great Patriotic War. After the war, the airborne training course was constantly taught with a generalization of the experience of ongoing exercises, as well as recommendations from research and design organizations. The classrooms, laboratories and parachute camps of the school are equipped with the necessary parachute shells and simulators, models of military transport aircraft and helicopters, slipways (parachute swings), springboards, etc., which ensures that the educational process is conducted in accordance with the requirements of military pedagogy. Today in Ryazan there is a military unit of the Airborne Forces, a Center for Special Physical Training, and a training ground for the Airborne Forces.

Ryazan Institute of Airborne Troops named after General of the Army V.F. Margelov(branch of the VUNTS SV "Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" (Moscow).

Military specialties (specializations) training:

The use of airborne units:

- the use of airborne units (mountain).

The use of airborne support units:

- the use of marine units

- the use of military intelligence units of the Airborne Forces

- the use of communications units of the Airborne Forces.

Ryazan Institute of Airborne Troops named after General of the Army Margelov V.F. was formed in 1998 on the basis of the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School twice Red Banner named after Lenin Komsomol. The educational institution in its composition has its own school, a training center located 60 km from Ryazan, an aviation military transport squadron and the Central Sports Parachute Club of the Airborne Forces. On the territory of the school there are barrack-type dormitories for cadets, educational buildings and laboratories for conducting classes (including firing and technical complexes), a shooting range, an airborne training complex, sports and gyms for practicing various types of martial arts, a stadium with a sports town, a canteen, a cadet cafe, a club, a post office, a medical center, a consumer service center. The school prepares command personnel with higher military special education in two specialties:

“Personnel management”, commander of an airborne platoon of the Airborne Forces, with the qualification “manager”;

"Translation and translation studies", commander of the reconnaissance platoon of the paratrooper units of the Airborne Forces, with the qualification of "linguist-translator".

The main subdivisions of the institute are departments, companies and platoons of cadets. The institute trains and educates cadets of 10 military and 4 civilian departments:

- tactics;

- tactical and special training;

- weapons and shooting;

– humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines;

- airborne training;

– material part and repair;

– operation and driving;

- multi-purpose tracked and wheeled vehicles;

- command and control of troops in peacetime;

– physical training and sports;

– foreign languages;

– mathematics and informatics;

– applied mechanics and engineering graphics;

- Russian language.

Currently, 12 candidates of sciences work at the institute.

Education

The educational process at the Ryazan Airborne Forces School is different from the educational process at a secondary school. Training at the school is based on a close combination of theory and practice, its duration is 5 years, at officer courses (training of commanders of paratrooper companies (battalions) and airborne service specialists) - 5-10 months. The entire period of study is divided into 10 academic semesters - two semesters per academic year. At the end of each semester and academic year, an examination session is held in accordance with the curriculum. The main forms of educational work are: lectures, seminars, laboratory work, practical classes with a training platoon of cadets, group exercises and classes, tactical classes and exercises, internships, course projects, tests, consultations, independent work of cadets.

During the training, cadets spend more than a year on field trips. Every year, cadets are given a winter holiday vacation of 2 weeks and a basic summer vacation of 30 days. Cadets who graduated from the college with a diploma with honors enjoy the preferential right to choose a place of service after graduating from the institute within the limits of the order established for the school.

November 25, 2012 in Ryazan, the first graduation of the Training Center for Sergeants of the Armed Forces took place - the faculty of secondary vocational education of the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School (RVVDKU) named after General of the Army V.F. Margelov.

RVDKU graduates

Among the graduates of the school there are many famous military leaders, modern military and political figures:

Pavel Grachev - former Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;

Valery Vostrotin - Deputy Minister for Emergency Situations;

Alexander Lebed - former governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory;

Evgeny Podkolzin - former commander of the Airborne Forces;

Georgy Shpak - former commander of the Airborne Forces;

Vladimir Shamanov - former army commander, former head of the administration of the Ulyanovsk region, and now adviser to the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;

Alexander Kolmakov - Commander of the Airborne Forces;

Wojciech Jaruzelski - former leader of Poland;

Levan Sharashenidze - former Minister of Defense of Georgia;

Amadou Toumani Touré is the current President of Mali;

and many others.

The track record of the institute includes 45 Heroes of the Soviet Union, 63 Heroes of the Russian Federation, thousands of holders of military orders, more than 60 champions of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union, Russia and the world in parachuting.

From May 2012 to January 2013, training under the program of intensive combined arms training was organized for military personnel undergoing military service under a contract on the basis of the Omsk 242nd training center for the training of junior specialists of the Airborne Forces (Omsk). The so-called survival courses are designed for a month and a half and are carried out according to uniform training programs developed by the Ministry of Defense. The main emphasis in them is on instilling skills that will allow you to skillfully act in extreme situations, emerge victorious in the most difficult situations that arise when you encounter an enemy.

I. KOROTCHENKO: Hello, this is the General Staff program, in the studio Igor Korotchenko. I am pleased to introduce our guest - the head of the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School, Major General Anatoly Georgievich Kontsevoi. Anatoly Georgievich, hello.

A. END: Good afternoon.

I. KOROTCHENKO: I would like to start our conversation with a story about the school you head. This is a legendary military university, known throughout the world, and even more so in our country. Your school will soon be 100 years old - what has been done in recent years, how has the training of paratrooper officers changed, what is the Ryazan school today?

A. END: I would like to note that our Ryazan School has always been and remains one of the most prestigious military educational institutions in the country, and the competition at the school, even in the most difficult years associated with the reform of the Russian Armed Forces, has always been high and remains so for this day. The school was, is and will be a forge of personnel for the airborne troops and special forces. Fighting spirit, focus and readiness to carry out a combat mission, devotion to the airborne troops, their traditions, and most importantly, loyalty to their homeland are alive here.

The profession of an officer in our country has a long history, in three years the school will reach the level of its centenary. Over these 100 years, glorious traditions, strength, generations have been incorporated into which we, the current generation, starting with the leadership, like me with my commanders, the same variable composition, cadets, draw strength. And they have no other right than to be the same as their predecessors, their veterans, they should be the standard of how to defend the homeland, and this has been proven over the years.

Many years of experience in training cadets at the school shows that one of the important components is a good, perfect, innovative material and technical base. At this stage of the development of the school, the entire educational and material base has been almost completely updated, new equipment for practicing practical skills is being received, the best training grounds have been created, and the areas of combat training have been expanded.

Already in the built pool and in a special class, officer cadets practice the basics of diving, perfect buoyancy, working with equipment under water, hand-to-hand combat under water, including cold weapons, underwater orientation, they get acquainted with the latest samples of diving equipment to perform specific tasks.

Two specialized classes have been created and used in the educational process for teaching work on automated controls to obtain work skills. A comprehensive tactical simulator was put into operation for conducting practical exercises as part of a platoon with reinforcement and support equipment.

For fire training, a national shooting complex was built, with a length of more than two kilometers along the front for firing from various weapons, airborne combat vehicles of the second, fourth generation, armored personnel carriers, special foreign sniper weapons, and grenade launchers.

A tank and foot biathlon track with shooting ranges has been equipped for the comprehensive development of training exercises as part of crews and units, such as a squad, a platoon. Shooting ranges have been created for training in special high-speed shooting in a closed space in a special gallery using the latest target equipment.

A combined-arms airborne mountain maritime, moral-psychological, international obstacle course was reconstructed and created. An equestrian sports complex with a stable for keeping horses and an equestrian parade ground, both open and closed, has been introduced into the educational process of the school. Work is nearing completion on the construction of an urban-type training site, where cadets are trained to manage a platoon in an offensive on the outskirts of the city, in houses, neighborhoods, which is now relevant, based on recent armed conflicts.

For example, in a two-story building with two entrances, on the video surveillance system of the target equipment, the trainee will perform a special exercise with a live cartridge, live shooting. The walls of the building, door and window openings are made of bullet-catching material, which excludes ricochets and makes it possible to conduct exercises using live ammunition.

The reconstruction of the survival town is underway, the construction of a multifunctional shooting complex is underway to improve shooting both underground and in confined spaces, on the ground and from the air. The construction of a multifunctional airborne training complex for laying, preparing both human parachutes and multi-dome parachute systems and preparing equipment for landing has been completed.

The construction of a wind tunnel has been completed, which makes it possible to carry out high-altitude training with the entire category of trained cadets and officers during training and retraining for more complex parachute systems.

The construction of a multifunctional deep-sea diving complex with a diving tower with a depth of 21 meters is nearing completion, where cadets will learn how to operate under water in various types of diving equipment. It will train shooting under water from military weapons, landing from a helicopter without a parachute, evacuation and boarding a helicopter.

Also, there is a coastal barocomplex, which is designed to test the barofunction, to check the compliance with individual physiological characteristics, various kinds of flow generators for changing buoyancy both under water and on the surface, assault actions, barge actions of a ship and much more, including special technical actions, in relation to activities in the water. It is planned to complete the equipment of another specialized class of unmanned aerial vehicles.

Thus, a fundamental change in the educational and material base of the school provides not only an improvement in the quality of education, but also the efficiency and intensity of the entire educational process. It's not all about the walls, people decorate the walls, but it's very good when people are motivated, and the training and material base is made in such a way that it is as close as possible to combat conditions.

I. KOROTCHENKO: Who do you train: paratroopers, special forces, translators, marines, mountain rangers? What are the areas of officer training?

A. END: The school fulfills the state personnel order for the training of specialists of higher professional education in three military specialties: the use of airborne troops, special intelligence units, as well as airborne troops communications units in two specializations: the use of airborne support units and marines with five years of study.

Including in the first and second courses, two platoons of girls are trained in a connected specialty. These specialists are intended to fill primary officer positions in the airborne troops, the navy, air assault brigades of district subordination, the main department of the General Staff, the federal security service, the federal security service and other federal executive bodies.

To serve in the Airborne Forces and Special Forces is a special honor, service requires great courage, physical fitness, only those who are strong and fearless, who are not afraid to get behind enemy lines and are ready for intense physical exertion at the site of military operations, hard work can fall into the ranks of paratroopers or special forces. Our school selects only seasoned and strong people. About 20% of applicants this year served in the airborne troops and special forces, and also have some combat experience.

I. KOROTCHENKO: Is it possible to get a secondary vocational education in your school? How are these specialists trained?

A. END: Since December 2009, the first school in the Armed Forces of our country has begun training professional non-commissioned officers, deputy platoon commanders and their equals. Since 2014, graduates of this faculty, secondary vocational education, receive the military rank of ensign.

The training of specialists with secondary vocational education is one of the most important stages in the creation of a professional army in our country. Candidates who want to connect their entire professional career with the army are recruited to the faculty of secondary vocational education.

Graduates receive a diploma of secondary vocational education, the military rank of ensign. When appointed to a vacant officer position, graduates who graduate with honors can receive the military rank of junior lieutenant and continue in the officer rank.

I. KOROTCHENKO: What is the difference between the training program for officers and ensigns?

A. END: The main difference is in the degree of preparation. If higher education - we train platoon commanders, officers, then on secondary vocational education - junior level commanders, deputy platoon commanders, deputy commanders of a reconnaissance group, heads of an apparatus, and so on. The federal state standard provides for five years of higher education and two years and ten months of secondary education.

Having a narrower specialization on some issues, ensigns are more seriously trained than universal officers, which should affect the level of professional training of units in the troops. Higher education programs cover a wider range of academic disciplines, we are preparing a commander with a broader outlook, who knows technology, weapons, subordinates well and knows how to navigate in any difficult environment.

I. KOROTCHENKO: What training methods, including innovative ones, are used in the training of paratroopers?

A. KONTSEVOI: The school has created and effectively operates a system for studying, summarizing, introducing into the educational process modern experience in armed struggle, primarily the experience of using the latest combat weapons. The knowledge and skills of the cadet are formed at the point of permanent deployment, practically the skills are fixed on the basis of the training center.

Innovative methods are used to form skills and abilities, primarily on a stationary educational and material base, including appropriate computer programs, improvement and creation of new training software in relation to the tactics of airborne troops, special forces.

For example, programming training combat, defensive, offensive, raid actions and other tactical special tasks. This is a big job that needs to be done. So that the cadet does not start practical actions unprepared, it is necessary to practice the relevant skills on simulators that are equipped with a training program, and subsequently move on to practical actions.

On the one hand, this saves materiel and ammunition, on the other hand, it develops a conceptual apparatus that allows the trainee to quickly enter and grow into the situation, since in combat conditions and as close as possible to them, the commander has a very short period of time to assess the situation, make the only right decision and convey it concisely, clearly to your subordinates so that they understand it correctly. Of course, this requires detailed study and constant monitoring.

We have already taken a significant step in improving these methods, and this work is ongoing. At the moment, scientific companies have been created within the framework of the Ministry of Defense, which have become a help in this work. We, unfortunately, do not have such a company, but we give applications, and we are allocated such military personnel from other subdivisions of scientific companies in the interests of our school.

In the educational process, in addition to conducting various kinds of classes, a large number of innovative approaches are used to improve the efficiency of the educational process. In the classroom, such methods as problematic, based on obtaining new knowledge by solving problems, answering questions, when putting students in a problem situation, are widely used.

The method of associative thinking is also used; multimedia accompaniment of classes, based on the presentation of class materials using slides, video fragments for a clearer visual and auditory connection with educational materials.

Modular rating system of education - when the presentation of educational material occurs in the form of presenting it by dividing it into modules that have a certain rating in the course of study in the discipline and systematizing them. The discussion method is also used - this is the method of brainstorming, round table, dialogue, press conferences, the method of a business game, role-playing games, which are used to obtain a role by placing the student in a certain situation, which contributes to his more active and constant participation.

If we proceed from the classroom system of education, then the training platoon, 20-25 people, has a low coefficient of assimilation of the material. The student must be in a constant tone of the educational material, which creates his growing into the environment, from which his correct thinking follows, and most importantly, the decision of the commander.

I. KOROTCHENKO: Let's talk about how you can become an applicant, and then a cadet of the school? I know the competition is crazy. How is the selection going, what does the process look like, what does a young man need to do to get into the school and become a paratrooper officer? What is the dropout rate in admission to training, who has it higher: boys or girls?

A. END: A large number of young guys and girls want to enter our school, the competition is big. Naturally, radio listeners perceive my speech and my information as a certain preparation for admission. Taking this opportunity, I would like to remind you that all the conditions for admission are posted on the school's website.

I emphasize that all citizens with a complete secondary education, who are fit for health reasons to serve in the airborne troops, who have not completed military service under the age of 22, who have completed military service and conscripted military personnel under the age of 24, are considered as candidates for admission. , and military personnel who serve under the contract - up to 27 years. Admission conditions for higher education programs include an assessment of the level of educational readiness based on the results of a unified state exam, determination of fitness for health reasons, an assessment of the level of physical fitness, as well as determining the category of professional suitability.

Of course, all admission conditions are displayed on the school website. I would like to emphasize that, taking into account all the exams and requirements, we have an additional requirement for physical fitness, where we raised the number of points for each individual type of test instead of 28 for all higher educational institutions to 50, in relation to our school. This is due to the fact that applicants must be prepared for further workloads, which will be subsequently implemented during the five-year study.

For athletes, these standards may not seem so significant, for example, pulling up at least 10 times, if nine pulled up, he will not be able to enter the school, running 100 meters - 13.9 seconds, 3 kilometers - 12 minutes 25 seconds swimming: 100 meters - 2 minutes 24 seconds.

It is worth considering that before admission, you need to have a margin of safety, because the applicant, having arrived at the school, is faced with great serious physical exertion, since we understand that we have no right to make a mistake, and in accordance with this, from the first day of the incoming applicant put in the most difficult conditions.

I. KOROTCHENKO: Is there a big competition?

A. END: This year the competition was 7 people per place, but this is not the main indicator. There are certain problems in the military registration and enlistment offices, since a very large number of people who want to enter the school do not always satisfy the wishes of our future cadets for admission and sending documents to the school.

But we are actively cooperating with the military registration and enlistment offices of all 86 constituent entities of our country, and every year, taking into account the demographic surge and population growth, this figure will grow. And if at one time I entered in 1985, and the competition was about 35 personal files per place, then I think that in the near future we will also approach this standard. The girls who entered this year had a competition of 20 people per place.

Everyone who wants to enroll and connect their lives, their future fate with the airborne troops, special forces and enter our school, will be able to do this, there is everything for this. It doesn’t work the first time, it will work the second, the main thing is not to lose confidence. We are strong because, starting from the first day, we strive to ensure that young people who come to the school subsequently become strong, strong, confident commanders who love and value their homeland without exaggeration and those borders of our country that our older generations passed on to us , grandfathers, great-grandfathers, fathers, we must not only preserve, but also, if possible, increase, as the last example with Crimea, when competent, well-coordinated actions at all levels made it possible to return to our homeland such a historical value as Crimea.

I. KOROTCHENKO: Does the competitive selection take into account the motivation of children for the profession of a paratrooper officer? Are there any advantages for those who have already served in the special forces or the Airborne Forces for enrollment, compared with the usual applicant from school?

A. END: I can't answer unequivocally. On the one hand, motivation is taken into account, it develops into a desire, a desire to show results. But as a statesman, I put everyone in the same conditions. It happens that someone tries to show that he wants more, and the second one is nearby and may not be able to openly show his emotions, but his core is not weaker than that of the one who openly declares. Therefore, our task is to understand the course of the professional psychological testing, which lasts for five hours, and after which we have an understanding of the integrity of the character of this applicant.

At the same time, such merits and taking into account individual achievements, such as the status of a champion, medalist of the Olympic Games, world championships, Europe, winners of championships, masters of sports, candidates for master of sports, first ranks in military applied sports, the presence of a certificate of secondary general education with honors, participation in Olympiads and high achievements in them give the right to the competition commission to accrue no more than 10 points in total to the sum of the unified state exam.

This will be of great help, because sometimes one point is not enough for admission. Everything is transparent, everything is visible to everyone: all the numbers of the state exam are marked, posted, they receive a mark for physical training up to 100 points.

At the professional psychological selection, intellectual abilities, personal qualities, the degree of military professional motivation are evaluated, and a separate important professional quality is studied separately.

The completed forms are processed electronically and are the source material for conducting an interview, identifying the motives for admission, what attracted him to the profession of an officer, how he prepared himself for it, what kind of idea he has. Based on the results of this testing, we determine what degree of readiness he has according to a four-point system: the first and second are the highest, the third is conditional, and the fourth is not suitable for entering the school. As the experience of the last three years shows, somewhere around 20-25% on average do not pass professional selection for one of the types of testing.

I. KOROTCHENKO: And what are the peculiarities regarding the admission of girls, in particular, according to the standards?

A. END: Now there is a surge of patriotism among our youth. We have wonderful young people who should be proud of, but at the same time they should be taught correctly, then they will be an invincible force. Female applicants differ from male students only in terms of physical fitness standards. They run 100 meters in 17.2 seconds, run 1 kilometer - 4 minutes 27 seconds, swim: 100 meters - 3 minutes 53 seconds, flexion-extension of the arms in the lying position at least 12 times.

This is only needed for admission and for the first course. The subsequent task and our requirements are such that from the second year the girls fulfill all the standards just like the guys, they are the same military personnel as young people, since when performing combat missions no one will separate by gender, and the girls have all the abilities for this there is. Everything must be done very carefully, consistently, without sudden changes, so as not to disturb the unformed bone skeleton or muscle masses.

I. KOROTCHENKO: How many jumps do cadets make during training, how is the process structured in terms of organizational and other factors?

A. END: Cadets of our school during the training period make parachute jumps from airplanes, helicopters of military transport aviation, such as An-2, Il-76, Mi-8 and others. According to the training program, jumps are made both at night and during the daytime, in difficult weather conditions on limited landing sites with the implementation of tactical tasks immediately after landing.

For the entire period of study, cadets of higher professional education make at least 32 jumps, including female cadets, and cadets studying at the special purpose department - at least 41 jumps in five years. Cadets of secondary vocational education make at least 18 jumps in three years. In addition to the D-6, D-10 parachute systems, cadets of the landing faculty and special purpose faculty master the Arbalet-2 parachute system, which allows landing from high altitudes and complex tactical tasks.

I. KOROTCHENKO: What type of weapons are taught to wield cadets of your school, what program do they follow?

A. END: For five years of study in the program, a large number of weapons and weapons. Based on today's realities, this is more than 28 species. I will not say that we study and make combat spiders, we have to deal separately and are subject to certain secrets, but with a certain degree of conventionality, the mastered crossbow, bow, reconnaissance knife, various devices for stabbing, cutting, axes, knives can be attributed to exotic types of weapons , blades that can be successfully used and used to perform: the greater the range of possibilities for performing a given task, the easier it is for the commander to make the only right decision for this.

Foreign weapons such as M-16, M-4 rifles, G-30 machine guns, Stein Mannlicher rifles. Cadets study everything without exception, but in the future, depending on the specialty and specialization, this range either increases or decreases, but requires a detailed approach in accordance with the fact that tasks will have to be performed, including on foreign territory.

I. KOROTCHENKO: Are electronic simulators used to train cadets and in the practice of everyday training, mastering a military specialty?

A. END: Yes, of course, I already said in the previous question that all innovations in training also imply simulative actions using simulators. They exist, are being actively developed, and are made with the possibility of as close as possible to combat conditions. At the moment, we have simulators for all subjects of training, which allow us to quickly approach the practical component of fulfilling the combat conditions of firing, tactically completing tasks.

For example, at the department of airborne training, there are up to six types of such simulators of various kinds, such as parachute towers, various kinds of simulators for landing with military transport aviation in a sequential stream. There are about 20 such simulators in the Department of Armament and Shooting, in tactics - three simulators are already actively used, in driving combat vehicles - seven. They are an integral part of the learning process.

I. KOROTCHENKO: How many hours a week do cadets devote to physical training classes? And what percentage of graduates have sports categories?

A. END: A graduate of the school, a lieutenant must have the highest qualification level of physical fitness not lower than the first category in a military applied sport, or in other sports, perform such an exercise as a marathon run of 42 kilometers 195 meters in the fifth year, pass a daily orientation in consisting of two people for a set time and indicators for finding the necessary objects and points on a given route.

Of course, it is necessary to have special skills in mastering and techniques of special hand-to-hand and other types of combat, as well as shooting. This is achieved not in one day and not in one year, it is given five years and begins with morning physical exercises daily, at least four scheduled hours weekly for all students, sports activities that take place in the evening, sports activities and sports holidays on weekends . And the most important thing in all this is self-study and self-improvement, without personal understanding and fanaticism of one's physical improvement, there can be no talk of these results, which I have listed below.

In accordance with this, the future lieutenant must have iron muscles that must ring, must be elastic, strong. It is no secret that the moral and psychological state of an individual warrior directly depends on his physical condition, his physiological and physical capabilities.

I. KOROTCHENKO: I talked with one of the leaders of the Airborne Forces intelligence, and heard from him such words as healthy airborne chauvinism. People who graduate from your university and join the troops are probably distinguished by love and special reverence for the fact that they serve in the Airborne Forces, have appropriate signs and uniforms that distinguish a paratrooper from the general mass of military personnel. An important criterion is love for the Airborne Forces?

A. END: The word chauvinism can be treated differently. Healthy airborne and spetsnaz chauvinism itself implies that this is not some kind of arrogance, exaltation. We are simple natives of our people, and it is precisely for this love of the people for the airborne troops that this healthy airborne chauvinism is born, because we understand what our homeland needs, we are its guarantor of security, therefore the people love us, and we are inherently obliged to love their homeland, to protect it from enemies.

No wonder we have a slogan hanging in the school: "Whoever offends Russia will deal with the airborne troops." We are proud of these words, because under this there is an integral part of the fact that we are Russian soldiers, we must feed on history. If we forget history and our ancestors, we can immediately put an end to ourselves.

I. KOROTCHENKO: How does the career of a paratrooper officer develop after graduation from the school, if possible, using your personal example?

A. END: In order for it to develop confidently, you need to study well at the school. To reach healthy airborne chauvinism, you need to become a professional, you won’t throw hats on anyone, and you won’t convince anyone with words and threats - there must be clear correct deeds, actions and the result of your preparation.

A young kid came to us, 20% of the troops, they are already feeling better, and 80% are yesterday's schoolchildren who immediately get into the army, who need to quickly and steadily convey everything. Starting with the course of combined arms training, the course of a young soldier, where, making the first jump, he already receives a vest, he earns it himself.

When he makes a big jump from an Il-76 military transport aircraft, he is solemnly presented with a blue beret. This suggests that he is already in the unit, is able to land and carry out the task. At the end of combined arms training, he makes a two-day 100-kilometer march a month after he joined the army, in conditions close to combat, with the fulfillment of tactical tasks, he goes 100 kilometers to the school, where I personally meet the cadets on the parade ground, and we solemnly presentation of well-deserved cadet shoulder straps. It is during this month that the ability to be an officer in the future is already being determined.

Further, the main milestone of the profession chosen in life is a military oath, where he swears allegiance to his homeland, after these words he studies for four years, consistently mastering and undergoing military training in the troops, understands with whom and how he should work, serve and how carry out assigned tasks.

Because the soldiers who will be imputed to him, the future platoon commander, also have parents, and parents, giving their children to serve in the army, understand that their sons are destined, having been born soldiers, to learn how to defend their homeland, while, most importantly, minimizing combat losses.

Subsequently, before graduating from the school, we conduct a good test for our graduates - a mountain-field exit, which begins in Ryazan with take-off from our airfield, landing on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, and continues with a three-day 150-kilometer transition to the location of the field camp , the performance of combat training tasks, in relation to the mountainous wooded area. Upon completion - landing back between the Ryazan and Tula regions, the implementation of a three-day transition with combat training tasks.

I. KOROTCHENKO: How do you see the future of the school?

A. END: The future of the school is multifaceted. As we said at the 95th anniversary of the school, a good and promising future awaits us, taking into account everything done for the school, we have this backlog for at least the next 10-15 years. But the forms and methods of conducting armed struggle are changing, and we must always be ready, be on our guard, and immediately introduce everything that entails changes into training and educational activities in order to be ready for various changes, and most importantly, to fulfill the set combat task.

I. KOROTCHENKO: Thank you! We meet, as always, in the program "General Staff" in exactly one week.

A. END: Thank you.

Combat training of the Airborne Forces [Universal Soldier] Ardashev Alexey Nikolaevich

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE VDV

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE VDV

"Learn to win!"

Motto 242 UTs VDV

With the development of the Airborne Forces in the Soviet Union, the system of training command personnel developed and improved, which was initiated by the creation in August 1941 in the city of Kuibyshev of the Airborne School, which in the autumn of 1942 was relocated to Moscow. In June 1943, the school was disbanded, and training continued at the Higher Officer Courses of the Airborne Forces. In 1946, in the city of Frunze, to replenish the officer cadres of the Airborne Forces, a military parachute school was formed, the students of which were officers of the Airborne Forces and graduates of infantry schools. In 1947, after the first graduation of retrained officers, the school was relocated to the city of Alma-Ata, and in 1959 to the city of Ryazan. The school program included the study of airborne training (ADP) as one of the main disciplines. The methodology for passing the course was built taking into account the requirements for airborne assault forces in the Great Patriotic War. After the war, the airborne training course was constantly taught with a generalization of the experience of ongoing exercises, as well as recommendations from research and design organizations. The classrooms, laboratories and parachute camps of the school are equipped with the necessary parachute shells and simulators, models of military transport aircraft and helicopters, slipways (parachute swings), springboards, etc., which ensures that the educational process is conducted in accordance with the requirements of military pedagogy. Today in Ryazan there is a military unit of the Airborne Forces, a Center for Special Physical Training, and a training ground for the Airborne Forces.

Ryazan Institute of Airborne Troops named after General of the Army V.F. Margelov(branch of the VUNTS SV "Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation" (Moscow).

Military specialties (specializations) training:

The use of airborne units:

- the use of airborne units (mountain).

The use of airborne support units:

- the use of marine units

- the use of military intelligence units of the Airborne Forces

- the use of communications units of the Airborne Forces.

Ryazan Institute of Airborne Troops named after General of the Army Margelov V.F. was formed in 1998 on the basis of the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School twice Red Banner named after Lenin Komsomol. The educational institution in its composition has its own school, a training center located 60 km from Ryazan, an aviation military transport squadron and the Central Sports Parachute Club of the Airborne Forces. On the territory of the school there are barrack-type dormitories for cadets, educational buildings and laboratories for conducting classes (including firing and technical complexes), a shooting range, an airborne training complex, sports and gyms for practicing various types of martial arts, a stadium with a sports town, a canteen, a cadet cafe, a club, a post office, a medical center, a consumer service center. The school prepares command personnel with higher military special education in two specialties:

“Personnel management”, commander of an airborne platoon of the Airborne Forces, with the qualification “manager”;

"Translation and translation studies", commander of the reconnaissance platoon of the paratrooper units of the Airborne Forces, with the qualification of "linguist-translator".

The main subdivisions of the institute are departments, companies and platoons of cadets. The institute trains and educates cadets of 10 military and 4 civilian departments:

- tactics;

- tactical and special training;

- weapons and shooting;

– humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines;

- airborne training;

– material part and repair;

– operation and driving;

- multi-purpose tracked and wheeled vehicles;

- command and control of troops in peacetime;

– physical training and sports;

– foreign languages;

– mathematics and informatics;

– applied mechanics and engineering graphics;

- Russian language.

Currently, 12 candidates of sciences work at the institute.

Education

The educational process at the Ryazan Airborne Forces School is different from the educational process at a secondary school. Training at the school is based on a close combination of theory and practice, its duration is 5 years, at officer courses (training of commanders of paratrooper companies (battalions) and airborne service specialists) - 5-10 months. The entire period of study is divided into 10 academic semesters - two semesters per academic year. At the end of each semester and academic year, an examination session is held in accordance with the curriculum. The main forms of educational work are: lectures, seminars, laboratory work, practical classes with a training platoon of cadets, group exercises and classes, tactical classes and exercises, internships, course projects, tests, consultations, independent work of cadets.

During the training, cadets spend more than a year on field trips. Every year, cadets are given a winter holiday vacation of 2 weeks and a basic summer vacation of 30 days. Cadets who graduated from the college with a diploma with honors enjoy the preferential right to choose a place of service after graduating from the institute within the limits of the order established for the school.

November 25, 2012 in Ryazan, the first graduation of the Training Center for Sergeants of the Armed Forces took place - the faculty of secondary vocational education of the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School (RVVDKU) named after General of the Army V.F. Margelov.

RVDKU graduates

Among the graduates of the school there are many famous military leaders, modern military and political figures:

Pavel Grachev - former Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;

Valery Vostrotin - Deputy Minister for Emergency Situations;

Alexander Lebed - former governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory;

Evgeny Podkolzin - former commander of the Airborne Forces;

Georgy Shpak - former commander of the Airborne Forces;

Vladimir Shamanov - former army commander, former head of the administration of the Ulyanovsk region, and now adviser to the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;

Alexander Kolmakov - Commander of the Airborne Forces;

Wojciech Jaruzelski - former leader of Poland;

Levan Sharashenidze - former Minister of Defense of Georgia;

Amadou Toumani Touré is the current President of Mali;

and many others.

The track record of the institute includes 45 Heroes of the Soviet Union, 63 Heroes of the Russian Federation, thousands of holders of military orders, more than 60 champions of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union, Russia and the world in parachuting.

From May 2012 to January 2013, training under the program of intensive combined arms training was organized for military personnel undergoing military service under a contract on the basis of the Omsk 242nd training center for the training of junior specialists of the Airborne Forces (Omsk). The so-called survival courses are designed for a month and a half and are carried out according to uniform training programs developed by the Ministry of Defense. The main emphasis in them is on instilling skills that will allow you to skillfully act in extreme situations, emerge victorious in the most difficult situations that arise when you encounter an enemy.

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amphibious support company

parachute regiment (1980s)

VDS - airborne service

VDT - airborne equipment

TVDT - heavy airborne equipment

SPDO - means of parachute support

rdo - airborne support company

vdo - airborne support platoon

The task of the company: storage, repair, accounting, issuance of PDO funds to regiment units that do not have their own airborne support units (i.e., everything except for the PDB -regimental command, reconnaissance company, communications company, engineer company, first-aid post, material support company); transportation of TVDT to the initial landing areas (airfields), assistance to units during mooring and, in general, preparing equipment and cargo for landing. Actually, they do not participate in the landing - they are sent to form airborne units from reservists.In addition, the task of the RDO is the landing of ammunition and other cargo to the previously landed troops.

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

With the transition of the RAP to armored vehicles, the OShS of the airborne support company and its equipment also changed.

Officials of the airborne service of the regiment control (not included in the company):

1) Head of the VDS regiment (major)

2) Deputy Head of the Airborne Forces for Airborne Equipment (Captain)

3) Senior technician for parachute devices and automatic devices of the regiment (ensign)

4) Senior instructor for parachute instruments and automatic devices (ensign)

5) Head of the airborne complex (ensign)

Table number 3. amphibious support company(RAP on armored vehicles, 1980s)
Organizational structure of the company: company management 1st and 2nd Platoon Platoon management 1 and 2 car departments Styling department 3rd platoon Platoon management – sewing workshop – laboratory - warehouse of airborne equipment - warehouse of parachute equipment
COMPANY MANAGEMENT
1) Company commander 2) Deputy technical commander (PDO) 3) Deputy political commander 4) Foreman of the company	captain Art. lieutenant Art. lieutenant Art. ensign	Total in control: 4 people: 3 officers, 1 great-pra.
1st and 2nd platoon (transportation and packing)
platoon management		Total in platoon: 19 people: 2 great-grandfathers, 3 sergeants. and 14 soldiers. 9 vehicles Ural-375/-4320 1 truck crane 8T-210 (based on the Urals) 9 2-ax. trailers
1) Platoon leader 2) Star. platoon instructor for PDO - deputy. commands. vzvv.	ensign ensign
1st Automobile Department
2) Driver-radio operator 3) Driver 4) Driver 5) Crane driver	sergeant corporal Private Private corporal
2nd Automobile Department
1) Squad leader - old. driver 2) Driver-radio operator 3) Driver 4) Driver 5) Driver	sergeant corporal Private Private Private
styling department
1) Squad leader 2-7) Stacker	sergeant Private
3rd Platoon (Storage and Repair)
platoon management		Total in platoon: 12 people: 5 great-grandfathers, 7 soldiers. 1 truck crane 9T-210 (based on KrAZ)
1) Platoon commander - early. sewing workshop 2) Instructor - beginning. repair and maintenance laboratories parachute devices and pyrotechnics	ensign ensign
sewing workshop
3) Star. PDO repair master 4) PDO repair master	corporal Private
laboratory
5) Senior master instrument operator 6) Master instrument maker 7) Master instrument	corporal Private Private
VDT warehouse
8) Warehouse manager 9) Head of TVDT storage 10) Storekeeper	ensign ensign Private
warehouse PDI
11) Warehouse manager 12) Storekeeper	ensign Private

TOTAL in the company:
person l/s including officers ensigns sergeants soldier
truck cranes 8T-210 (based on Ural-375/-4320) and 9T-… (based on Kraz-255)
trucks Ural-375 or Ural-4320
2-os. heavy trailers
AKS-74 assault rifles
PM pistols

Notes to Table No. 3.

1. The political officer and foreman relied only in wartime. However, there might not have been a foreman of the company, then his functions were performed by one of the warrant officers of the company (probably the head of the PDI warehouse).

2. Two types of trailers are used: one is for transporting individual parachutes, the other is for transporting platforms along with mounted parachute platforms.

3. All personnel of the company's conscripts are armed with AKS-74 assault rifles. Officers and warrant officers are regularly armed only with a PM pistol.

4. After the regiment was sent to the landing - the OBDO division, the RDO of all regiments and the airborne battalions are reduced to a single rear group and, under the command of the chief of logistics, they prepare the landing of materiel for the already airborne units. After that, this rear group, under its own power, moves along with the front to the landing point, where it collects PDI and TVDT for reuse.

"Re-drop" loads are dropped along with transport wheels and a tow leash for possible transport to the drop site. (The air shock absorber can be removed very quickly and easily and does not interfere with the movement of the platform. But this method is not standard - after receiving the goods, the units should by all means disassemble the received material assets (ammunition, water, food, etc.) by units as quickly as possible .

After the landing of the RAP, special teams are allocated from the units to collect parachutes at the landing site in heaps, which are later picked up by the RMO that arrives under its own power.

5. The composition of specific RMO RAPs may vary slightly depending on the staffing of the regiment. So, for example, RDO regiments of the 7th Guards. airborne forces in the period 1983-91 had a slightly increased composition due to the increased composition of the regiment itself.

Intelligence service

Main article: tactical intelligence

Gathering information about the deployment, weapons, numbers, engineering preparation of positions, the combat security system, the enemy’s communications system, as well as the hostilities planned by the enemy. The regular units carrying out reconnaissance in the troops are reconnaissance platoon (rv) in the battalion reconnaissance company (RR) in the regiment / brigade, separate reconnaissance battalion (orb) in the division separate reconnaissance regiment / brigade in the army / district.

Defense against weapons of mass destruction

Abbreviated ZOMP - a set of measures to protect personnel from the effects of nuclear, chemical and bacteriological (biological) weapons. The protection of personnel in the initial stages is carried out by the forces of the line units themselves. The regular units in the troops carrying out a comprehensive ZOMP are, are chemical defense platoon in the regiment chemical protection company (rhz) in the brigade, separate battalion of radiation, chemical and biological protection (obrkhbz) within the division separate regiment / brigade of radiation, chemical and biological protection (oprkhbz / obrrkhbz)- as part of the army / district.

Disguise

A set of measures to hide from the enemy the true location of their units, personnel and military equipment, maintain their combat capability and ensure surprise actions. It is carried out by own forces of linear divisions.

Engineering support

A set of measures aimed at successfully overcoming obstacles to the offensive of own troops (building crossings, installing bridges, clearing minefields, making passages in the obstacles set by the enemy, etc.), measures to complicate the advance of the advancing enemy (laying minefields, installing anti-tank obstacles , installation of anti-personnel barriers, etc.), measures to protect personnel and military equipment from the damaging effects of enemy fire weapons (arrangement of a system of trenches and trenches, caponiers for military equipment, dugouts, arrangement of firing points, etc.). The regular units in the troops that carry out integrated engineering support are, are engineer sapper platoon (sv) in a separate battalion engineering and sapper company (ISR) in the regiment / brigade, separate engineer-sapper battalion (OISB) in the division separate engineer regiment / brigade (OISP / OISBR) in the army / district.

Chemical supply

A set of measures to create the necessary conditions for units to perform their tasks in an environment of radioactive, chemical and bacteriological (biological) contamination, as well as to mask their actions with smoke and aerosols. The measures consist of radiation and chemical reconnaissance, timely and skillful use of personal and collective protective equipment, dosimetric monitoring, special treatment for degassing and decontamination, as well as the use of masking fumes and aerosols. The regular units in the troops providing chemical support are a chemical protection platoon as part of a regiment, a chemical protection company as part of a brigade / division, a chemical protection battalion as part of a division / corps, a chemical protection regiment / brigade as part of an army / district. Also, regular chemical protection units are assigned the function of using flamethrower-incendiary weapons in combat conditions, which essentially equates them to line units (the concept of a line unit).

Security

A set of measures to prevent a sudden attack by the enemy on their own troops, as well as to prevent reconnaissance and sabotage units of the enemy in the places of deployment of units of their own troops. Depending on the nature of the combat mission performed by subunits, guarding can be marching, guard, combat, and direct. The main elements of any type of protection is the organization of guard duty and patrolling the area. It is carried out by the own forces of line units, guard companies and battalions and commandant units.

Connection

A set of measures to organize communication between subunits and commanders at all levels, aimed at the successful completion of combat missions, reliable command and control of troops and effective interaction between subunits. The regular units in the troops providing communications are communications platoon (Sun) in the battalion communications company (rs) regiment / brigade, separate communications battalion (obs) in the division separate regiment / communications brigade (ops / obrs) in the army / district.

Additional types of combat support for military branches

Airborne support

A set of measures to provide the airborne troops, special forces, parachute reconnaissance units of the ground forces with technical means for parachute landing - human parachute systems, parachute systems for airborne auto and armored vehicles, drop containers and platforms for weapons, ammunition and equipment, allowing the parachute troops to solve assigned combat missions. The regular units providing integrated airborne support are paratrooper platoon (up to) for paratrooper battalion, paratrooper company (pdo) for the regiment / brigade, separate airborne support battalion (obdo) for airborne division.

Radar support

A set of measures to provide radar information to the command posts of anti-aircraft missile formations and units of military air defense and missile defense. It is carried out by the forces of the Radiotechnical Troops. In the armed forces of various states, parts of the radio engineering troops are either part of the Air Force, or part of the air defense / missile defense forces, or are available in each branch of the military. They are military units armed with mobile or stationary radar stations that serve to alert air defense / missile defense units about the appearance of an air enemy with complete information about the enemy (number of air targets, speed, height, range, course of advance, dimension of targets). By its essence radar support for the air defense / missile defense forces is a complete analogue of such a type of combat support as intelligence service for the Ground Forces. In the USSR Armed Forces, the radio engineering troops were organizationally represented by one separate radio engineering battalion (ortb) as part of a combined arms / tank army or one or two brigades / regiments as part of a military district.

Topographic and geodetic support of the battle

A set of measures for the preparation and communication to the troops of topographic and geodetic data necessary for studying and assessing the terrain, orienting on it, the effective use of weapons and military equipment and command and control. At its core, topographic and geodetic combat support refers to the general tasks solved by intelligence, but has a broader definition and application to artillery troops. It is for artillery that the level of topographic and geodetic support plays a decisive role in the successful fulfillment of the assigned combat missions. Topographic and geodetic support of combat in the troops is carried out by aviation reconnaissance units that carry out aerial photography, regular reconnaissance units of the ground forces and topographic service units at headquarters from the division level and above (in artillery this is topographic battery as part of artillery brigade).

see also

Notes

Literature

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Art
Military establishment
Security	Operational ( Combat) Rear (Material Transport Technical Medical Veterinary Trade and household Apartment-operational Engineering and aerodrome Aerodrome technical emergency rescue)
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