One of the popular areas in applied psychology is neurolinguistic programming or NLP (not to be confused with neurolinguistics). And despite the fact that the academic community does not recognize NLP technology, some studies confirm the effectiveness of this technique. And many people turn with their psychological problems to specialists practicing neurolinguistic programming. In this article, we will tell you what NLP is, where the techniques and techniques of direction are used, and also reveal the essence of some neurolinguistic techniques.

Direction history

The founders of NLP J. Grinder and R. Bandler in the 60s of the last century gathered around themselves a group of scientists, psychotherapists and students. For about 10 years, the team has been conducting seminars, developing skills, developed by them methods. It is this period that is considered the beginning of the development of NLP therapy. Over half a century, Neuro Linguistic Programming has rapidly evolved into a popular system of tricks and techniques that are used in various areas of psychology, business, relationships and self-development. But the academic community does not recognize the direction of NLP in psychotherapy, considering it parascientific. Psychotechnics of NLP are often compared with manipulation, so many are wary of them. And some NLP techniques are considered unethical by the most zealous critics. A lot of works have been written on the theory and practice of the direction. One of the most popular books on Neuro Linguistic Programming is NLP Secret Techniques by Danny Reid.

What is the essence of the concept?

Let's try to figure out what NLP is and how it works? What is the key concept of direction based on?

The essence of NLP is that reality is always subjective, determined by the beliefs and world map of a particular person. This means that the transformation of beliefs, perceptions and behavior change can change reality.

The foundations of NLP are based on modeling the behavioral manners of successful people, in particular, the gestalt therapist F. Perls, the hypnotherapist M. Erickson and the master of family therapy V. Satir. Neuro-Linguistic Programming is driven by a set of relationships between speech patterns, experiences, body and eye movements. One of the key tasks of NLP is the destruction of destructive patterns, patterns of behavior and thinking. This is what all NLP methods and psychotechniques are mainly aimed at. Another important area of ​​NLP is motivation, the study and correction of human stimuli and motivations for action.

Most evidence-based experiments show that NLP techniques in psychotherapy are not effective and contain factual errors, although it should be mentioned that some studies have shown a number of positive results. The use of NLP technologies in psychotherapy raises doubts among many scientists, primarily due to the lack of efficacy reliably confirmed by experiments. Critics also point to the pseudo-scientific nature of the concept, classifying NLPers as fraudsters, and NLP techniques used in psychology as discredited practices.

Theoretical base

To learn the basics of neuro-linguistic programming, you need to understand the specific terminology. One important concept is the NLP theory of anchors. Anchors in NLP are consciously or unconsciously established fairly strong conditioned reflex relationships. The human brain is able to anchor emotions, memories, events. Anchoring in NLP is used primarily to replace persistent negative experiences with positive ones. The anchor system can include gestures, sounds, smells, touches, etc. In NLP, conscious anchoring occurs according to certain principles. The term rapport in NLP refers to the quality of the relationship between two people in a communication system. If the communication is trusting, easy, without tension, then the rapport is good. This is especially important when establishing contact between the therapist and the patient in the process of psychotherapy. All NLP models consist of three stages of human behavior to influence the interlocutor in the process of communication: joining, fixing, leading. For example, the meta-model of language was developed based on observations of the work of well-known psychotherapists. Its study allows you to identify stereotypes of a person from his speech style.

NLP Meta-Programs are called the basic filters of perception based on individual characteristics of thinking. These include: a way of classifying the world, time, persuasion factors, motivation. Often, professional NLPers occupy personnel positions in large corporations, as they are able to select personnel based on an assessment of the metaprogram portrait. Submodalities do not refer to the content of information, but to the way it is presented. If modalities are channels for obtaining information (visual, kinesthetic, auditory), then submodalities are sensory differences in its presentation. For each person they are individual. By changing submodalities, we can control perception, attention, evaluation, we are able to control the state. Predicates are words related to a particular representational system that a person uses to describe. The visual, for example, when describing events will say: beautiful, seen, bright. And the use of the kinesthetic representational system is evidenced by the predicates: feel, cold, soft.

NLP principles and rules

The basic principles of NLP, according to Robert Dilts, are as follows: "the map is not the territory" and "life and mind are systemic processes." The basic presuppositions of NLP are formulated in such a way that they reflect the fundamental principles of NLP. Presuppositions can be represented as certain aphorisms of beliefs. To become more effective in life, you need to learn the following rules of NLP:

• Any behavior is communication. This means that a person is always in the flow of receiving and transmitting information. This involves gestures, facial expressions and any other actions. You should be more attentive to what you do, how you behave, because at this time others read the information.
• People are guided not by the world, but by its own model. In fact, each person has his own cards of “honesty”, “love”, “friendship”, etc. Realizing that the interlocutor’s phrases only reflect his picture of the world, it becomes easier to communicate with people
• People always choose the best available options. For example, if a person once succeeded in getting what he wanted with the help of blackmail, he will continue to resort to such a scenario unless he sees a better opportunity. Knowing this rule allows you to avoid superficial judgments about others.
• In communication, it is not your intentions that are important, but the interlocutor's reaction to you. If you want to get something out of a person, spend more time not on your arguments, but on his reaction to them. If you notice that the interlocutor is bored, change the tactics of communication.
• Behind every action is a positive intention. Even a bad habit of smoking reflects the intention to calm down, relieve stress. If you deal with the internal motives of actions, you can find other ways to get what you want.

The concept of logical levels

The author of the logical level model is R. Dilts. All processes and elements of subjective experience can be arranged according to levels that influence each other. Changes at higher levels lead to inevitable changes at lower levels. It doesn't always happen the other way around. Consider the logical levels of NLP from lowest to highest:

• The environment is a static level that describes the human environment, the circle of his communication, interests, everyday experience. Answers the questions: “What?”, “Who?”, “Where?” and others.
• Behavior is the level of human interaction with the environment, changes and movement. The main question is: “What does it do?”.
• Abilities are individual personality traits based on perceptual experience. This is a strategic level, the main question of which is: “How?”.
• Beliefs and values ​​- This is a deep structured level that is responsible for the internal motivation of a person. The main question of the level: “Why?”. This, in fact, is the core of the personality, which is formed by about 10 years and changes very difficult. However, changes at the level of beliefs strongly affect all lower levels.
• Identity - we can say that this is a level of personality that describes who a person feels himself to be in a global sense. The main question is: Who am I?
• Mission (transmission) - a spiritual level that goes beyond the vision of one's personality, something elusive, the highest meaning and purpose of a person.

Areas of application of neurolinguistic programming

NLP techniques are used not only in medicine, practical psychology and psychotherapy, they can also be useful in everyday life. For example, in the book "Secret Techniques of NLP" various methods of influencing the consciousness and subconsciousness of a person are described. A number of NLP techniques help in communicating with others to achieve the desired results. Ericksonian hypnosis, based on non-verbal methods of joining an interlocutor, is used by psychiatrists to treat severe neurosis, communicate with clinical introverts, and help a person overcome a catatonic stupor. If there is no rapport - an empathic connection - you will not enter into resonance with the interlocutor. And all your speeches directed to him will bounce off like peas from a wall. This is the main idea behind Erickson's hypnosis. By the NLP method of self-programming, new “programs” are uploaded into the brain through a meditative state or self-hypnosis. NLPers believe that self-hypnosis is a great power with which you can qualitatively influence thinking, behavior and emotions. Some techniques based on self-hypnosis allow you to lose weight, fight smoking and other addictions. Therefore, NLP courses for weight loss have recently gained particular popularity. Quite often, at various personal growth trainings, NLP psychotechniques are used to increase self-confidence. Several NLP techniques can also be used in parenting, such as metaphors. Playing out NLP metaphors with a child is a great way to deal with fears. With the help of simple NLP exercises, you can learn to easily cope with even the most difficult life problems and experiences. NLP skills help in communicating with others not only to better understand the true intentions of a person, but also to convey your thoughts so that you are understood.

How to establish contact in communication?

The first thing to do at the beginning of NLP therapy is to adjust to the client by establishing his leading representational system.

Correct adjustment to the interlocutor allows you to arouse unconscious trust in yourself. It is irrational and is formed literally in the first minutes of communication. It is based on a refined mechanism for recognizing “us” and “them” for thousands of years.

With the help of adjustment, a kind of synchronization occurs between the two interlocutors. People who are friends and are in a trusting relationship, from the outside look similar in gestures, facial expressions, intonations. Based on this, adjusting to the posture, gait, rhythm and timbre of the voice, gestures and facial expressions of the interlocutor allows you to inspire confidence in him at an unconscious level. Neuro-Linguistic Programming divides tuning into the following types:

• Full - implies adjustment in all parameters (voice, respiratory rhythm, gestures, posture).
• Partial, when you adjust only according to certain parameters, for example, posture and voice.
• Cross - is considered the most appropriate. You mirror the gesture itself, but in a different form. In this way, you can adjust to the whole group, for example, during a presentation. You adjust to the voice of one person, copy the gestures of another, repeat the pose of a third.
• Straight or mirror. Accurate reflection of gestures and body movements of the interlocutor. He leans forward - you do the same, he gestures with his left hand - you repeat.

Some techniques and methods of NLP

What is it? How do NLP psychotechniques work? All of them have specific tasks. You can learn useful techniques in everyday life or professional secret NLP techniques in specialized schools and training centers. You can do this yourself with the help of Internet resources and literature. Let's look at some basic NLP techniques. One of the most popular and effective NLP techniques is visualization. It is used both to solve problematic issues and to achieve the desired result. The SMART technique is also designed to teach you how to set goals the right way. Calibration in NLP helps you learn to recognize the mood and feelings of another person. The swing technique is one of the universal techniques that can be used to get rid of bad habits. In Psychology and psychiatry, this technique is used to combat obsessions. The NLP alphabet technique is designed to bring a person into a state of high productivity.

Reframing is a procedure for reconfiguring thinking, creating new perception mechanisms, mental patterns, behavioral patterns. Reframing affects how you think and perceive the world, like a new frame for an old shabby picture, allowing you to look at a work of art in a new way. Fairy tales, parables, and anecdotes are good examples of reframing. NLPers characterize reframing as a way of changing the value and context of a particular event from the position that "there is a positive in everything." NLP promotions, which are otherwise called language tricks, are some kind of speech patterns for changing beliefs and also refer to reframing.

What will your eyes tell NLPer? A person uses oculomotor reactions unconsciously. From them you can determine not only what he thinks, but also his main representative system. For example, if after a request to recall certain events, the interlocutor's gaze involuntarily goes up, then he is more likely a visual. Such a look means that a person is trying to visualize events, to remember a picture. The kinesthetic gaze will be directed down or down and to the right when recalling. Thus, a person tries to remember the sensations from the experience. The auditory in this situation will look to the left. Looking down to the left indicates an internal dialogue, that the interlocutor is carefully trying to choose words. In psychology, attention is often paid to the movements of the patient's eyes. If his gaze is directed to the right or to the right up, this may indicate that he is trying to come up with an answer, that is, to lie.

More recently, the concept of NLP has entered the everyday life of many people. Techniques and techniques suggest that the human brain can be influenced in a certain way. That is why many people apply the practice of NLP, learning its rules, because they think that we are talking about methods of manipulating the minds of others.

In modern society, NLP is something like a "magic wand", using which you can influence yourself or others. In fact, NLP techniques are indeed effective, but with the conscious use and understanding of brain processes. Psychologists advise using NLP techniques to develop ourselves.

What is NLP?

What is NLP? People mostly narrowly understand this term. Neurolinguistic programming is a technology that allows you to influence the course of thinking, the behavior of an individual, to control your own mind. Many people try to use these techniques in relation to others. This is why NLP is so prevalent in politics, training, coaching, trading, promotions and even seduction (pickup).

The NLP method is based on the teachings of three psychotherapists:

1. V. Satir is the founder of family therapy.
2. M. Erickson is the author of Ericksonian hypnosis.
3. F. Perls is the founder of Gestalt therapy.

Individuals who adhere to the principles of NLP are convinced that reality is determined by how a person reacts and perceives it, which allows you to change your beliefs, heal psychological trauma, and transform behavior. Behavioral reactions have been studied by psychologists to determine their basis of occurrence. And in fact, they succeeded, on which the NLP technique is based.

NLP psychology

Change is inevitable – this is how the psychology of NLP explains it. This direction is an independent area that studies individual experience, behavioral reactions, human thought processes, as well as copying successful strategies.

NLP is an area of ​​practical psychology, when a person is engaged not in studying, but in the practice of transforming himself. This direction was born in the twentieth century in the 70s. NLP is based on all areas of psychology.

The main goal of NLP is to turn a person into a successful individual. Various ways and techniques of how to achieve this are explored here. It is based on the thought processes used by a particular individual, which is manifested in his emotions, beliefs, and behavioral reactions. That is why the main techniques are aimed at controlling one's own thinking, emotions and reactions, which should form a successful pattern of behavior that manifests itself in the outside world.

NLP methods are used today in many industries, especially in psychology and trading. When a person wants to influence, he resorts to NLP techniques that are aimed at transformation in order to acquire and develop a successful behavior model. It does not matter what a person is and what experience he has. What becomes important is what a person can do now, change in himself so that.

NLP does not claim to be an explanation of how the world works. In fact, he is not interested. An important tool becomes, in which theory turns into practice, which helps a person improve his own life and solve problems.

There is no concept of "correct" here. Adherents of NLP use the term "appropriate" no matter how moral or correct it is. What matters is what works and changes, helps and improves, and not what is considered right.

According to NLP, man is the creator of his own misfortunes, successes, bitterness and happy moments. All of them are based on his beliefs and past experience, which he continues to use at the moment.

NLP Techniques

NLP is a set of techniques that help a person manage their own brain processes. Here are the techniques:

• Anchoring is the most popular in NLP. This is a way of creating an association in a person between his experiences and external circumstances. For example, when playing one music, certain memories arise that were associated with it. This happened because the music sounded at the moment when a significant event happened to a person.
• Reframing.
• Love techniques are used in a pickup when an individual wants to please the opposite sex. It uses hypnosis, anchoring and anecdotes. A popular technique is the Triple Helix, when a person begins to tell one story, then abruptly switches to the second, after which he jumps to the third without finishing a single one. After the third story, he again moves on to the second, finishing it, and to the first, finishing it in the same way.
• The swing technique is aimed at change, transformation. This is done in two ways. The first image is what a person wants to get rid of. The second image is what a person wants to acquire, what to replace with. First, we present the first image in a large and bright size, then the second image in a small and dim one. Then we swap them and imagine how the first image decreases and dims, and the second image increases and becomes brighter. So you need to do 15 times, and then track the success of the transformation.
• language strategies.
• Embedded message technique.
• Manipulative techniques are especially popular with people who want to influence the beliefs and reactions of others. Among them are:

1. "Demand more." First you ask for more than you need. If a person refuses, then over time you can ask for less - just as much as you need. Because of the inconvenience of being rejected, the person will agree to the second offer so as not to appear bad.
2. Paraphrasing.
3. Flattery. Here, through compliments and pleasant words, you harmonize with the sensations and feelings that a person has about himself. This wins the other person over to you.
4. name or status. A person likes to be called by name. You can win him over by saying his name often. It’s the same with status: the more often you call someone your friend, the more he becomes one.

NLP tricks

NLP techniques are no less interesting than techniques. Often they are practical in nature to influence others. Interesting ones are:

1. Offering a person what he wants to receive, and then pronouncing what you would like to receive. For example, “You can take a break. Make some coffee, please."
2. Complicating the situation. When you tell a person a complex mechanism for the development of events so that in the end you can get what you want. For example, "Tomorrow my friend will come to you to get your phone number, where I can call you."
3. Using strong words that encourage people to take action. For example, always, constantly, every time, again.
4. Repeating the end of the interlocutor's phrase, continuing it with his own statement.
5. The use of the words “please”, “dear”, “be kind”, etc. at the beginning of the phrase.
6. Pronouncing an important word that should be emphasized in a loud and distinct intonation.
7. The "closer-farther" technique, which is often used in relationships between people, especially in love. This is when a partner first brings another person closer to him with his love, affection, attention, and so on, and then cools off towards him, moves away, stops paying attention, etc. The stages alternate between themselves.
8. Tuning is a popular technique used to build trust. It lies in the fact that you adapt to the interlocutor, copying his gestures, facial expressions, intonation of voice, mood, etc.

NLP Rules

In NLP, there are rules that are additional transformative techniques:

1. Pay attention to your own sensations, visual images, feelings, states. Any change inside a person indicates that something has changed in himself or in the outside world. This will help you control the situation.
2. All human experience is fixed in his nervous system. It can be removed and modified.
3. A person notices in others what is inherent in himself. In rare cases, an individual notes for others what is not inherent in him. Therefore, any lack or dignity that you note for others is most likely in yourself.
4. A person decides for himself who he will be in this world and how he will live.
5. Each individual has a huge potential, which is much more than he thinks.
6. Everything in life flows and changes. As you move, new paths and paths appear.

NLP hypnosis is based on a different set of rules as it uses suggestion techniques, verbal or non-verbal. This is the introduction of a person into a special state in which he will not resist new beliefs. Hypnosis is used by all people in everyday life, because everyone wants to influence each other.

You can also resort to reprogramming, when you tune yourself into other beliefs.

NLP training

Can you learn NLP? There are many trainings that offer similar services. NLP training can be done not only at special trainings, but also from books. Of course, this process will be a little more difficult and take longer to advance in development, but it will also affect the transformation.

Perhaps everyone would like to master the techniques and techniques of NLP. However, it should be understood that all of them may or may not work. NLP techniques work best on people who are insecure, weak, and have low self-esteem. Successful and self-confident people are difficult to influence from outside.

It is better to use NLP on yourself for the purpose of transformation and development. After all, initially this practice was developed in order for people to change and improve each of their lives.

NLP training helps in expanding one's skills, establishing communication links, self-improvement. Here are collected various techniques and techniques that will suit everyone.

Outcome

NLP is not a method of manipulation, although it offers technologies that are manipulative in nature. It simultaneously reveals both the theoretical and practical part of psychology. We are talking about influencing the subconscious, which often happens unconsciously in people. The result is a life that operates and develops according to incomprehensible rules.

To take control of the course of your life, you can use NLP techniques that show effectiveness not only in influencing others, but also in influencing yourself.

Cool idea - we can learn other people's skills. I already wrote that NLP is essentially a system for modeling success. That's just in order to find out how someone else's skill works and teach it to others. And this can apply to almost anything: touch typing, walking on coals, playing the stock market, sales, the ability to make friends or manage your own fortune.

By the way, one day one of John Grinder's students modeled angulation to pass the test for the master's NLP course. After that, he began to conduct seminars on teaching this very coal walking, which suddenly turned out to be very popular.
Richard Bandler, when he came across a person with a phobia, went - as the great Milton Erickson bequeathed - to look for people who themselves coped with their phobias. Found a couple of them, figured out how they did it, and created the "Fast Phobia Cure" technique. Which allows you to deal with a phobia in 15 minutes (true, true - we go through this technique at the Successful Thinking 2 training and quite quickly remove various phobias).
Personally, when I certified as an NLP master, I simulated touch typing on a computer. He taught himself and taught others. This is the model I'm using right now.

Each person is unique or "the map is not the territory"

Men are mistaken in thinking that all women are different, and women are mistaken in thinking that all men are the same.
Joke.

Indeed, each of us has his own personal life experience, his own view of the world. And this view of the world is unique. A person's personal view of the world in NLP is called card(in contrast to the surrounding world, which, respectively, is called the territory). Maps are different - more or less convenient, suitable and detailed. The only thing they are not - right or wrong, because this is only a description, a model. Any, even a very good map, will not be very convenient somewhere: the best map of the city of Moscow is completely useless in the glorious city of Saratov, and the wine list of a French restaurant is not very convenient for orientation in the Berlin metro.
And, of course, the map is not a territory, just like a very detailed description of borscht (even with pictures) will not become borscht itself. So, most problems arise when a person tries to fit the world (territory) to his map, instead of redrawing his map so that it is more successful for this territory. And, to some extent, all that NLP does is to help a person find such personal maps of the world that will help him become more successful, lucky, happy and healthy. Naturally, if he wants it.

A lot of NLP change techniques involve "expanding" the map - seeking a broader view of the situation. Well, really, if we have a problem, then the solution is somewhere outside our world map. And in order to solve the problem, you need to expand the map so that this very solution gets into it.

Behind every behavior is a positive intention.

Calibration

People say one thing, but often feel and act very differently. There is such an important concept in NLP as calibration- the ability to notice external signs of a state. Because any of our assessment is manifested in the whole body: in intonations, movements, gestures, posture, sentence structure or breathing. And calibration allows you to understand what a person really feels, how he relates to whom, what he wants. And pay much less attention to what he says. Since he can speak in order to please, what is expected of him or what he considers more appropriate to say at the moment. Or simply because he did not realize his assessments and feelings. Calibration makes communication much more accurate and efficient, and human behavior much more understandable.

We already have all the necessary resources to achieve our goals

In order to get from Moscow to Saratov, a car needs gasoline (and a train needs electricity). Both a car and gasoline are necessary resources to achieve the goal of coming to Saratov. Now, NLP assumes that we either already have the right resources to achieve our goal of becoming more successful, quitting smoking, communicating better, or finally writing this report, or we can find them. The world is big, you just have to look.

At least thinking this way, you will achieve a result more likely than meditating on the topic "why am I so unhappy" and "I still won't succeed, I'm not created for happiness (success, marriage, prosperity and owning a BMW X5 car)".

Environmental verification

There is a very important thing in NLP - environmental check changes. This is a test of the consequences of actions - will it get worse after achieving the goals? And then he became the general director, but earned an ulcer, stopped being afraid of heights, fell from the balcony and broke his finger, demonstrated confidence and calmness during the dressing of the authorities and was fired. So that new abilities, skills and beliefs do not ruin your life, you need to check in advance and tweak the result so that everything works out well.

Models and techniques

Model in NLP, this is such a useful description (map). For example, how to clarify what a person is talking about (“language meta-model”), how to change an assessment (“reframing”) or belief (“language tricks”) during communication, in what sequence to collect information (“SCORE”), typing people ("meta-programs").
You can read about models in the NLP Encyclopedia.

Techniques NLP is step by step instructions. Most often, techniques describe how to solve some kind of problem (“Swipe”, “Six-step reframing”, “Quick cure for phobias”, “Changing personal history”). But there is also about how to set goals correctly (“Well-Formed Outcome”) or how to communicate better (“Effective Communication Strategy”).

In fact, techniques are also models, because they describe something, and are usually very useful.

Many NLP techniques are the result of modeling how people have successfully solved similar problems themselves. For example, “Effective Communication Strategy” is the result of modeling successful communicators, “Changing Personal History” is modeled on the great Milton Erickson, the same one who created Ericksonian hypnosis, and “Quick Phobia Cure” is modeled on people who themselves have removed their phobias.
Description of various techniques in the Encyclopedia of NLP.

Values, criteria and beliefs

What we strive for, what we want, or vice versa, we avoid, is precisely determined values, criteria and beliefs .
Values- important concepts for a person, usually expressed in abstract words, such as: happiness, freedom, justice, prosperity. Since values ​​are rather abstract, values ​​are attached to criteria- ways to measure the realization of value. For example, the value is "prosperity", and the criteria for prosperity are "earnings more than 150,000 per month, your own apartment, car and cottage."
Beliefs- rules of life describing how to interact with the value. For example, for the value "love", beliefs might be:
- The most important thing in life is love.
- Love comes and goes.
- I'm not worthy of love.
- True love happens only once in a lifetime.
Beliefs can allow and prohibit the achievement of value, describe what is needed to achieve it and what are its criteria. For example, even if "love" is a very important thing for a person, the belief "I did not deserve love" will "forbid" him to receive this same love.

Beliefs govern our lives: either a person does something for the sake of their beliefs, or they do nothing.

At one time, no one managed to run a hundred meters faster than ten seconds. Until Jim Hines ran 9.9 seconds in 1968. After that, everyone quickly started running faster, record after record. Now the record is 9.69. Well, the runners before Hines did not believe that it was possible faster than 10 seconds, in their reality such a possibility did not exist. So far, this bastard original Hines vilely has not destroyed this belief.

Beliefs are also one of the most important filters of perception. If a woman does not believe that there are decent (according to her criteria) men, they will not come across to her in life. And even if they come across, their behavior is interpreted in such a way that, God forbid, it does not fall under the criteria.
In NLP, there are quite a few techniques for changing limiting beliefs (for example, "The Museum of Old Beliefs"), as well as a set of speech structures for changing beliefs right during a conversation - tongue tricks(they are promotions).

Our Attitude Is Encoded With Submodalities

In communication, the score and attitude is 85%. But inside about the attitude - important, like, right, legal, mine, someone else's, bad, wonderful, right - we learn with the help of the so-called submodalities .

Modalities (sensory) in NLP and psychology are called hearing (auditory modality), vision (visual modality) and feelings (kinesthetic modality).

For example, we can move the image away or bring it closer (which usually enhances the experience), make it brighter or darker (weakens the experience), color it differently (it depends on the choice of colors) or blur the background (makes the object more important). Similarly, you can change the characteristics of sounds and sensations.
So. Simply by changing submodalities, you can change the attitude: make the unpleasant neutral, increase motivation, remove obsession, turn doubt into conviction or confusion into understanding. With the help of visual and auditory submodalities, you can control your own attention. And with the help of kinesthetic submodalities, one can quite successfully learn to control various interesting states, such as creativity, increased attention, intoxication, or super motivation.

Read more about submodalities in the presentation.

We can manage state with anchors

Would you like to manage your own wealth? So that you press the button - and be sure of yourself. Or calm, cheerful, cheerful, relaxed, focused. And in the same way to manage other people - once, and the person feels good? Or calm, fun and so on? Surely I would like such a thing - well, at least try it. And there is such a thing - it is anchors, such labels in the mind that trigger the desired state.

In fact, anchors are conditioned reflexes. But the word anchor sounds more clear.

With the help of anchors, we can "turn on" and "turn off" our state: attention, cheerfulness, calmness, motivation or creativity; we can transfer the state from the place where it is to the place where it is still lacking: for example, there is peace and confidence lying at home on the couch, but when communicating with clients it is not there yet, so you can transfer it from the couch to clients; you can manage the state of other people, as well as destroy old anchors that are no longer needed.

Neuro-linguistic programming or NLP is a direction in psychology, the foundation for which is the copying of verbal and non-verbal human behavior. NLP was created in the 60s and 70s of the twentieth century and is used in psychological training.

The official psychology of NLP does not recognize: sometimes the direction is called pseudoscience. This is due to the fact that most of the methods he uses are not scientifically substantiated and ineffective, although there are research results that prove the opposite.

Neuro-linguistic programming explores the experience of psychotherapists and psychoanalysts, linguists, hypnotists in order to make the methods they use publicly available. NLP is:

• Possession of the skill of a clear goal setting. The ability to see obstacles on the way to the goal and eliminate them.
• Attentiveness and sensitivity to what is happening inside oneself and in the outside world. The skill is needed to control one's own activity in the process of implementing the plan.
• Flexibility in actions on the way to achieving the goal, the ability to change actions until a result appears.

The “Neuro” part of the name indicates that in order to display the human experience, one must be competent in the area of ​​​​brain activity responsible for processing, storing and disseminating information.

The importance of language in displaying the device of behavior, thinking, interaction between people is demonstrated by the word "Linguistic".

"Programming" - involves the exact sequence of steps in advancing the goal. This is a systematic inference and behavior.

Neuro-Linguistic Programming is a combination of skills that help to quickly change a person's thinking (manipulate) in order to influence him. Such an action on the psyche is not realized by the object and is carried out with the aim of liberation from problems, development, or as a remedy.

The foundation of NLP is interaction with human consciousness. In the process of working with people, blocking of the conscious is used in order to release the unconscious.

History of Neuro Linguistic Programming

The development of neurolinguistic programming began in the late 60s of the last century at the University of California by scientists led by anthropologist Gregory Bateson. The study was designed to reveal the patterns of effective communication of some psychotherapists with patients.

Richard Bandler and John Grinder studied methods, techniques, methods of interaction, analyzed them by observing the work of psychotherapists with their wards. The methods used by Virginia Satir, Milton Erickson, Fritz Perzl were monitored.

Later, the methods studied were organized as species and shown in the form of models of the impact of people on each other. The conclusions of the study are presented in the works “The Structure of Magic. Volume 1 "(1975)," The structure of magic. Volume 2" (1976). Together with Virginia Satir, in 1976, the book "Changes in the Family" was written.

The result of the research was a meta-model, which served as the basis for continuing the study. This is how practical psychology arose, or rather a separate direction called "neurolinguistic programming".

In the early 1980s, each of the creators of NLP began to follow a separate path, which led to the emergence by the end of the 80s of several associations with one-of-a-kind approaches. At the same time, NLP came to Russia. The first Russian scientists from Novosibirsk were trained by John Grinder himself. He has taught with almost all Russian trainers, twice held seminars in Russia: in 1997 and 2004.

Using NLP

Neuro-Linguistic Programming teaches you to understand yourself and people nearby, observation and influence by communicative and psychotherapeutic methods. NLP is used by people in the following areas of life:

• Oratory.
• Psychotherapy.
• Journalism.
• Management.
• Studies.
• Commercial activity.
• Acting skills.
• Law and law, jurisprudence.
• Time management and efficient use.

Mastering NLP practices helps to improve communication skills, causes personal growth, treats fears and phobias, maintains mental health and performance at a normal level.

How to learn it

NLP techniques are available to anyone. It won't be hard to master them. This is evidenced by the main provisions of the doctrine.

There are three main levels of education:

• The standard NLP Practitioner course is preferable if you are only interested in communication skills and counseling. Also "NLP Practitioner" is recommended for beginners. The duration of this course is 21 days. Graduates receive the qualification of NLP practitioners, which indicates the possession of the methodology and the ability to apply it when conducting practices for beginners. "NLP Practitioner" is a basic educational course, the training in which is built on the principle from simple to complex.
• If there is a desire to deepen knowledge, work with persuasion and modeling, the NLP-Master course will help.
• "NLP-Trainer" will teach you how to work with the audience, introduce you to the features of learning neurolinguistic programming.

Trainings and full-time courses last for months, and you have to pay a tidy sum for training. But not everything is so sad. Most of the techniques can be mastered on your own.

To do this, you need to read special books on NLP, diligently apply the acquired techniques in practical activities. Improving skills in neurolinguistic programming will allow the continuous use of the acquired knowledge and skills in life.

The developers of NLP, while modeling the techniques of famous psychotherapists, applied several laws that these professionals used. All laws are connected in a system of presuppositions - axioms-tools that make the applied techniques effective.

More than one book has been written on neuro-linguistic programming: there are a great many of them. Often, such books do not contain as much useful information as one would like, and it is pointless to read them, expecting an impressive result. The best in this field, the most famous and useful are the following books:

A NLP Practitioner. The book was written by Bob Bodenhamer and Michael Hall. The book has incorporated the most interesting materials. Includes general information, description of methods, techniques, exercises, examples. "NLP Practitioner" is equally highly appreciated by people who first became interested in the teachings, as well as those who already had some knowledge in this area and wanted to improve them.

B The book "From Frogs to Princes" by Richard Bandler and John Grinder is intended for specialists in the field of psychology (psychotherapists, sociologists, psychologists), as well as for everyone who is interested in the psychology of interaction between people. Reading the contents of the book will be useful for beginners learning NLP.

In "The State of Solved Problems" - a book by S. Jacobson, which describes the universal model. It can be used by people to solve problems in any area of ​​life. The foundation for the model was the laws of thought, life and activity.

G “Reframing. Personality Orientation Through Speech Strategies by Richard Bandler. The book deals with the psychology of reframing, that is, changing thinking and perception in order to get rid of adverse mental patterns. Not only the current practitioner or specialist will read the work with interest, the presented models and methods of application can be successfully used by ordinary people.

Manipulation and NLP

Any active interaction between people is manipulation. Communicating with each other, people at an unconscious level want to get the reaction of the interlocutor. If there are goals that cannot be achieved alone, manipulation during communication is observed in 100% of cases.

You can manipulate other people explicitly or covertly, the difference is that in the first case, a person voices his goal or what kind of reaction he wants to see. Every day, from birth, interaction occurs between people, which accompanies manipulation.

Psychology has determined that it is possible to manipulate human consciousness using special methods:

• Hypnosis and trance.

Hypnosis has been known to mankind since ancient times, currently a similar method is used as a means of treating addictions, ailments and phobias. Each person falls into a state of trance in a natural way: the point of concentration shifts, there is an immersion in one's own thoughts. Everything that people mastered happened when the brain switched to another mode of operation, was in a state of trance (a state of altered consciousness). Deep trance (hypnosis) is considered the most vulnerable state to manipulate consciousness: a person perceives information through the senses, logic is turned off, there is no criticality.

Psychology has developed techniques for achieving goals. NLP is a competent systematization of all the best. Here the methods of cognitive psychology, gestalt psychotherapy, behaviorism and others were combined. The techniques that psychology has collected in NLP can easily be turned into a manual for manipulating human consciousness. Moreover, one who owns such methods can detect such actions.

• Psychotronic weapon.

It is impossible to find information about such weapons in open sources. There is not even irrefutable evidence that it actually exists, since the information is classified. Psychotronic weapons are directional waves through which the behavior of a person or a crowd is manipulated (wave vibrations make people panic, run or stop). The foundation for the creation of weapons was what psychology studied as a science.

NLP institutes and courses are informal, as psychology, psychotherapy and psychiatry do not officially recognize Neuro-Linguistic Programming. This is explained by the fact that the technique is not theoretically justified and does not have scientific confirmation of its effectiveness. However, all the methods used to influence the consciousness and thinking of a person are based on laws, regulations, rules, developments of psychology, psychotherapy that have been confirmed and proven by science.

NLP is by far one of the most popular areas of existing applied psychology. The scope of its application is very extensive: psychotherapy, medicine, marketing, political and pedagogy, business, advertising.

Unlike most other practically oriented psychological disciplines, NLP provides operational change, solving the problems of both an individual person and society as a whole. At the same time, everything is carried out in an unconditionally effective environmental regime.

Introduction to Neuro Linguistic Programming

It is worth starting with the fact that NLP is a kind of art, a science of excellence, the result of studying the achievements of outstanding people in various areas. The good news is that absolutely anyone can master such communication skills. You just need to have the desire to improve your professional

Neuro-Linguistic Programming: What is it?

There are various models of excellence built by NLP in the field of communication, education, business, therapy. Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) is a specific model of how individuals structure their unique life experiences. We can say that this is only one of the many ways of understanding, organizing the most complex, but unique system of communication and human thoughts.

NLP: history of origin

It appeared in the early 70s, was the result of a collaboration between D. Grinder (at that time an assistant professor of linguistics at the University of California at Santa Cruz) and R. Bandler (there - a student of psychology), who was very passionate about psychotherapy. Together they investigated the activities of 3 great psychotherapists: V. Satir (family therapist, she took on cases that other specialists considered hopeless), F. Perls (innovator of psychotherapy, founder of the Gestalt therapy school), M. Erickson (world famous hypnotherapist) .

Grinder and Bandler uncovered the patterns (templates) used by the above psychotherapists, deciphered them, and subsequently built a fairly elegant model that can be used both in and in personal change, and as part of accelerated learning, and even to get more life pleasure.

Richard and John at that time lived near G. Bateson (an English anthropologist). He was the author of works on systems theory and communication. His scientific interests were very extensive: cybernetics, psychotherapy, biology, anthropology. He is known to many for his theory of the 2nd link in schizophrenia. Bateson's contribution to NLP is extraordinary.

NLP has evolved in two complementary directions: as a process for identifying mastery patterns in all areas of human life, and as a fairly effective way of communication and thinking, which is practiced by outstanding people.

In 1977 Grinder and Bandler held a series of successful public seminars in America. This art is spreading rapidly, as evidenced by the statistics that to date, approximately 100,000 people have been trained in one form or another.

Origin of the name of the science in question

Neuro-linguistic programming: what is it, based on the meaning of the words included in this term? The word "neuro" refers to the fundamental idea that human behavior originates in neurological processes such as seeing, tasting, smelling, touching, hearing, and feeling. Mind and body form an inseparable unity - the human being.

The "linguistic" component of the name demonstrates the use of language in order to streamline one's thoughts, one's behavior in order to be able to enter into communication with other people.

"Programming" implies an indication of how a person organizes his actions, ideas in order to obtain the desired result.

NLP Basics: Maps, Filters, Frames

All people use the senses in order to perceive the world around us, to study it, to transform it. The world is an endless variety of sensory manifestations, but people can perceive only a tiny part of it. The information received is subsequently filtered by unique experiences, language, values, assumptions, culture, beliefs, interests. Each person lives in some unique reality, which is built from purely personal sensory impressions, individual experience. His actions are based on what he perceives - on his personal model of the world.

The world around us is so large-scale and rich that people are forced to simplify it in order to comprehend it. A good example of this is the creation of geographical maps. They are selective: they carry information and at the same time miss it, however, they still act as an incomparable assistant in the process of exploring the territory. From the fact that a person knows where he wants to get, it also depends on what kind of map he draws up.

Humans are equipped with numerous natural, necessary, beneficial filters. Language is a filter, a map of the thoughts of a particular person, his experiences, which is separated from the real world.

Fundamentals of Neuro-Linguistic Programming - Behavioral Framework. This is the understanding of human action. So, the first frame is focusing on the result, not on a specific problem. This means that the subject is looking for something to strive for, then finds suitable solutions, and subsequently applies them to achieve the goal. The focus on the problem is most often referred to as the “blame frame”. It consists in a deep analysis of the existing reasons for the impossibility of achieving the desired result.

The next frame (second) is to ask exactly the question “how?”, Not “why?”. It will lead the subject to an awareness of the structure of the problem.

The essence of the third frame is feedback instead of failure. There is no such thing as failure, only results. The first is a way of describing the second. Feedback holds back the goal in

Considering the possibility, not the necessity, is the fourth frame. The focus should be on possible actions, and not on existing circumstances that limit a person.

Also, NLP welcomes curiosity, surprise instead of pretense. At first glance, this is a fairly simple idea, but it has very profound implications.

Another useful idea is the possibility of creating internal resources that a person needs to achieve his goal. Faith in the correctness of actions will help to achieve success rather than supposing the opposite. This is nothing but Neuro Linguistic Programming. What it is has already become clear, so it’s worth moving on to considering its methods and techniques.

NLP Methods

These are the main theoretical, practical aspects of using neurolinguistic programming. These include:

• anchoring;
• submodality editing;
• swish methods;
• work with obsessive, problematic, phobic conditions.

These are the main methods of Neuro Linguistic Programming.

Changing the perception of an event

This is one of the exercises to apply the simplest technique of Neuro-Linguistic Programming. For example, jealousy. It proceeds in 3 consecutive stages: visualization (imagining the scene of betrayal), then auditoryization (representing the sound accompaniment of the scene of betrayal) and at the end - kinesthetic perception (the appearance of a negative feeling of betrayal).

The essence of this technique is the violation of one of the stages. In this example, this may be the conviction that the scene of betrayal is far-fetched at the first stage, at the second - presenting it to the accompaniment of funny music, which leads to a change in the perception of the whole picture as a whole at the third stage (it becomes funny). This is how Neuro Linguistic Programming works. The most diverse examples can be given: an imaginary illness, the power of photographic memory, etc.

Pedagogy as a field of application of NLP

As mentioned earlier, there are a large number of areas where Neuro Linguistic Programming is used. Training can also take place using methods, NLP techniques.

Scientists argue that through neurolinguistic programming, a significant part of the school material can be mastered much faster, more efficiently without the formation of school phobias, mainly due to the development of student abilities. With all this, this process is very exciting. This applies to any teaching activity.

The school has its own unique culture, which is formed from several subcultures that have their own patterns of non-verbal communication.

Due to the fact that school educational levels are differentiated, each of them generates its own patterns of effective learning styles. These levels are grouped into categories:

1. Primary school. At the age of 6, children leave the walls of the kindergarten and enter the 1st grade as a so-called kinesthetic creature. Educators know that children perceive the real world through touch, smell, taste, etc. In elementary school, a typical practice is to go through procedures - kinesthetic learning.

2. High school. Starting from the 3rd grade, adjustments are made to the learning process: the transition from kinesthetic perception to auditory. Children who find it difficult to adapt to this transition are left to finish their studies or they are transferred to special classes.

3. High school students. Another transition is being made from auditory to visual perception. The presentation of school material becomes more symbolic, abstract, graphic.

These are the basics of Neuro Linguistic Programming.

Corridor and conveyor

The first concept is the place where the development of the student's lagging modality takes place. In other words, the corridor is aimed at the process, and the conveyor - at the content.

When focusing on the latter, the teacher should apply neurolinguistic programming: learning through multi-sensory techniques in order to provide the opportunity for each individual student to choose the process that is familiar to him. However, as a rule, the "conveyor" teacher builds the learning process in the first modality, while the "corridor" teacher will need to choose an individual approach to each student (corridor). Thus, the ability to establish an appropriate learning style is the basis of success.

Application of NLP in sects

There are also areas of life where neurolinguistic programming acts as a lever of negative manipulation. Various examples can be given. Most often these are sects.

Alexander Kapkov (sectologist) believes that at one time the secret methods of neurolinguistic programming were quite often used in various religious groups, for example, in the sect of Ron Hubbard. They are very effective for quick and effective zombification of adherents (they allow you to manipulate a person). The effects of psychotechniques in sects are passed off as indulgence of grace.

The article described what neurolinguistic programming is (what it is, what methods and techniques it uses), as well as examples of its practical application.