The tallest television tower in the world. TV towers around the world

This structure was erected at a record pace - about 10 meters in just one week. Moreover, the construction of the tower took place with the strongest financial and natural complications: during installation at the end of 2011, a strong earthquake began in Japan. After that, the official opening of the facility was postponed for several months.

Now Tokyo Sky Tree is able to compensate for up to 50% of all shocks after the movements of the earth's crust. The tallest tower is used for television and radio broadcasting, as well as for tourism purposes.

The tower houses restaurants, boutiques, a theater and viewing platforms at an altitude of 340, 345, 350 and 451 meters.

During the construction of this building, the builders used a hyperboloid mesh structure, the developer of which is the architect-engineer V.G. Shukhov. The opening of the tower was timed to coincide with the 2010 Asian Games, and now the facility, which receives up to 10,000 tourists a year, is used as a platform from which you can see almost all of Guangzhou.

The third in the TOP is the Canadian CN Tower in Toronto. This tower was built in 1976 with a height of 553.3 meters or 1815 feet.

south wall

Taynitskaya is the main tower of the South Wall. It was built by the architect Antonio Gilardi (in the Russified version - Anton Fryazin). Height - 38.4 meters. The name comes from the secret well that was in it. A secret passage to the Moscow River passed through it. At one time it had a gate, which is now blocked.

The Annunciation Tower is located to the left of Taynitskaya. Construction time - 1487-1488. Height - 32.45 meters. The name comes from the icon of the Annunciation, which was placed on it.

The First Nameless Tower is one of two towers that have not been given their own name. Height - 34.15 meters. Construction time - 1480s. Sheltered with a simple tetrahedral pyramidal tent.

The Second Nameless, having a height of 30.2 meters, is slightly lower than the First. It was built at the same time as the First Tower, but differs somewhat in design. The upper quarter is covered with an octagonal tent, on which stands a weather vane.

Peter's Tower was named after Metropolitan Peter, who was located nearby. Its second name is Ugreshskaya, derived from the Kremlin courtyard of the Ugreshsky Monastery.

Beklemishevskaya was erected by another Italian - Marco Ruffo (name - Mark Fryazin). Years of construction - 1487-1488. The construction, cylindrical in plan, completes the eastern part of the South Wall and is the top of the South-Eastern corner of the Kremlin. Its height is 46.2 meters. She got her name from the adjoining court of the boyar Beklemishev. Later it was renamed Moskvoretskaya after the name of the bridge built nearby.

East wall

Spasskaya is the main tower of the Eastern Wall, 71 meters high. Built by Pietro Antonio Solari in 1491. The name comes from two icons of the Savior, located on both sides of the gate. One of them has now been restored. Now the gates of the tower are the main entrance to the Kremlin. Spasskaya is the only one of the Kremlin towers that has a clock. The current ones (fourth in a row) were installed in 1852.

Tsarskaya, the smallest and youngest of all, is located to the left of Spasskaya. It is installed straight and has a height of only 16.7 meters. It was built on the site of a small wooden tower, from which Tsar Ivan the Terrible watched the life of Red Square.

Nabatnaya was built in 1495. Its height is 38 meters. The name is derived from the fact that the bells of the Spassky alarm, which belonged to the fire service of the Kremlin, were located on it.

Konstantino-Eleninskaya was built by the well-known builder of the Spasskaya Tower, Pietro Antonio Solari, in 1490. The height of the tower is 36.8 meters. The name comes from the church of Saints Constantine and Helena, which stood nearby. It is also called Timofeevskaya, on behalf of the gate that was previously located at this place.

The Senate got its name in 1787 after the construction of the Senate Palace nearby, although it was built in 1491. The height is 34.3 meters.

Nikolskaya, erected in the same year as Senatskaya, was rebuilt in the 19th century under the Gothic style, therefore it stands out from the tower Kremlin. Named after Nikola Mozhaisky, whose position is above the gate.

Corner Arsenalnaya - a corner tower between the Eastern and Western walls. It is located at the top of the northern corner of the Kremlin. The author is Pietro Antonio Solari. Year of construction - 1492. Height - 60.2 meters. The name was received after the construction of the Arsenal building was completed at the beginning of the 18th century. Its second name (Dog Tower) was assigned to it on behalf of the Sobakin boyars, whose estate stood nearby.

Western wall

Troitskaya - the main tower of the Western Wall. The author is the Italian architect Aloisio da Milano (option - Aleviz Fryazin). After Spasskaya, it was considered the second most important in the Kremlin. Year of construction - 1495. Height - 80 meters. It has a gate through which visitors can enter the territory of the Kremlin. The current name was received in 1658 after the construction of the Trinity Compound.

Kutafya tower is a single defensive complex with Troitskaya. It is the only one of the surviving bridgehead Kremlin towers that used to guard the bridges. It is connected to Troitskaya by an inclined bridge. The builder is Aloisio da Milano. The time of construction is 1516. Height - 13.5 meters. The name comes from the ancient Slavic word "kut", meaning "corner", "shelter".

The middle Arsenal was built in 1493-1495. Height - 38.9 meters. It got its name from the nearby building of the Arsenal. The second name is the Faceted Tower.

The Commandant's Tower received its current name in the 19th century from the residence of the commandant of Moscow, located in the chambers of the Miloslavsky boyars. The time of construction is 1495. Height - 41.25 m.

The 38.9 m high weapon tower was built in the same years. It used to be called Konyushennaya from the Stable Yard, located nearby. The current name was given in the 19th century from the Armory built next to it.

Borovitskaya was built in 1490. The author is Pietro Antonio Solari. Height - 54 meters. It has a gate through which government motorcades now pass. The name is attached to the hill on which the pine forest used to grow. Her middle name Predtechenskaya comes from the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist, which was nearby, as well as the icon of St. John the Baptist, which was located above the gate.

Vodovzvodnaya tower, round in plan, is located on top of the South-Western corner of the Kremlin. Year of construction - 1488. Builder - Antonio Gilardi. Height - 61.25 meters. This is the main building that supplied water to the Kremlin. The name was received in 1633 after a water-lifting machine was installed in it. A secret passage to the Moscow River passed through the tower. The second name of the Sviblov Tower is associated with the boyar family of the Sviblovs, who oversaw the process of its construction.

Ostankino tower

The height of the tower is 540 meters. It is the tallest building in Russia. Immediately after its construction, it was the second tallest free-standing structure in the world (after the CN Tower in Toronto, which, I must say, they are similar). The design of the tower was conceived by designer Nikolai Nikitin overnight. An inverted lily served as an image for the future building.

The design of the tower was conceived by designer Nikolai Nikitin overnight.

The tower broadcasts the main TV channels of the country, as well as guided tours. At an altitude of 330 meters there is an observation deck, previously three floors at the same height were occupied by a restaurant, but so far it is still under reconstruction after a fire in 2000.

Burj Khalifa Tower

Dubai's Burj Khalifa is today the tallest building in the world. Its height is 898 meters. The grand opening ceremony of the tower took place in 2010. According to the project of the developer, the tower has become a real city within a city. It has its own lawns, boulevards, parks, office space, shopping centers, a hotel (its owner and part-time designer of its design is fashion designer Giorgio Armani), gyms and residential apartments. On the 122nd floor of the tower is the highest located restaurant in the world - "Atmosfera".

The windows of the building do not allow dust and sunlight to pass through, and the air inside is cooled and aromatized.

"Tokyo Sky Tree"

The tower has more than 300 boutiques, restaurants, an aquarium, a planetarium and a theater.

The Tokyo building is the tallest TV tower in the world. Its height is 634 meters. The building is very young. Its construction was completed only in 2012. To protect the tower from earthquakes, the architects have developed a special system that compensates up to 50% of the force of tremors.

The tower has more than 300 boutiques, restaurants, an aquarium, a planetarium and a theater. At heights of 340, 345, 350 and 451 meters there are observation platforms open to the public.

Abraj Al Beit

Abraj Al-Bayt is a whole complex of high-rise buildings built in Mecca. It is the largest building by weight in the world and the second tallest building after the Burj Khalifa and the tallest building in Saudi Arabia. Its height is 601 meters.

The complex includes a hotel that can accommodate up to 100 thousand people, a shopping arcade, parking and residential apartments.

Another highlight of the complex is the highest clock in the world, located 400 meters above the ground.

Guangzhou TV Tower

Guangzhou TV Tower is the second tallest TV tower in the world. It was built in 2010 and is 610 meters high. For the creators, the appearance of the future TV tower was of great importance. As a rule, high-rise buildings are bulky and large-scale objects, but, according to the plan, this building was supposed to have sophisticated forms and symbolize femininity. To give elegance and smoothness to the lines on the outside, the building is enclosed in a metal mesh-frame made of vertical, inclined and horizontal pipes.

Guangzhou TV Tower is the second tallest TV tower in the world.

In addition to its direct duty - television and radio broadcasting - the tower provides an opportunity to admire the panorama of Guangzhou (this can be done both on the upper floors and on the Ferris wheel on the roof) and is designed to receive 10,000 tourists a day.

CN Tower

The height of the tower in Toronto is 553.33 meters (by the way, it is 13 meters higher than the Ostankino TV tower, and the building is almost 2 times higher than the Eiffel Tower). This building is the symbol of the city.

The main function of the CN Tower is television and radio broadcasting. It also houses a restaurant (at an altitude of 351 meters) and viewing platforms. For thrill-seekers, an attraction is offered - Edge Walk: a walk (with insurance) around the observation deck at a height of 356 meters along an open unenclosed cornice about 1.5 meters wide.

World Trade Center - 1,

or Freedom Tower

Today it is the tallest tower in New York.

Five years after the tragic destruction of the World Trade Center buildings in New York, construction began on a new complex near the site where the twin towers were located. In May of this year, the 543-meter-high Freedom Tower was built. Today it is the tallest tower in New York.

According to the project, the lower floors of the building will be occupied by offices, the next will be given to the City Television Alliance, the rest will be restaurants and observation decks. The height of the spire crowning the tower is symbolic - 1776 feet (1776 - the date of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence of the United States).

The very first television tower in the world was built back in 1926 in Berlin. Compared to modern TV towers, with its 150 meters, it looks like a pygmy among giants. Much taller towers have now been built to transmit the television signal, which are worth talking about in more detail.

1. Sky Tree in Tokyo, Japan (634 m)

At the moment, the tallest TV tower in the world is located in Tokyo's Sumida district. In height, it is second only to the Burj Khalifa skyscraper. At the time of construction, it was called the New Tokyo Tower, and the real name was chosen as a result of a competition held in 2008 on the Internet.
The height of the new TV tower was almost twice the height of the old one that served Tokyo. Its height is encoded with a certain meaning: the numbers 6 (in ancient Japanese "mu"), 3 ("sa") and 4 ("si") form the name of the Musashi historical region, where Tokyo is now located. The Tree of Heaven looks like a 5-tiered pagoda, and blends in beautifully with the Asakusa Historic District located on the opposite bank of the river. The base of the tower is like a tripod, and after 350 m it becomes cylindrical.
From it you can admire the city and its surroundings, for which two observation platforms are arranged on the tower: one for 2000 people at a height of 350 m, and the other for 900 people at a height of 450 m. The upper platform is equipped with a spiral passage with a transparent floor, along which you can climb the last 5 m of the top of the platform. Visitors can look at city blocks and streets right under their feet.

2. Guangzhou TV Tower, China (600 m)

This TV tower was built in 2005-2010 for the Asian Games. It is crowned with a 160-meter steel spire. The tower broadcasts television and radio signals, and also serves as an observation deck for viewing Guangzhou, capable of serving up to 10,000 visitors a day. Glazed viewpoints are located at 33m, 116m, 168m and 449m, and there is an open platform at 488m. There are revolving restaurants at 418 and 428 m, and an additional VIP cafe at 407 m.

3. CN Tower, Canada (553.3 m)

From 1976 to 2007, the CN Tower was considered the world's tallest free-standing structure. It is located in the Canadian city of Toronto (Ontario) and has already become one of the symbols of the city. Initially, the abbreviation CN meant "Canadian National", since at that time the state-owned company Canadian National Railways owned the building. But in 1995, the tower was bought by the Canada Lands Company. And since the residents of the city are used to the former name of the TV tower, the letters CN are now deciphered as Canada`s National. There is an observation platform at an altitude of 447 m.

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4. Ostankino TV tower in Moscow, Russia (540.1 m)

Not far from VDNH and the Ostankino television center, the Ostankino television tower rises. It is still the tallest building in Russia and Europe. It has three viewing platforms: closed at a height of 337 m, and two open at 85 m and 340 m. The latter operate only from May to October, while it is warm. At the level of 328-334 meters there is the famous Seventh Heaven restaurant, the entrance to which is from the observation deck. The restaurant has three halls on different levels: the bistro, the cafeteria and the restaurant itself. The circular premises of the restaurant rotate around the axis of the tower at a speed of 1-3 revolutions per hour.
In the summer of 2000, high-frequency cables caught fire at an altitude of more than 400 m, as a result, a strong fire instantly broke out. Three levels of the tower burned out, 121 tensioned steel cables that held the structure burst, communications and power supply systems were damaged. Excursions to the TV tower were resumed only in 2009, and in 2011 the observation deck at the level of 340 m was reopened. As for the completely burned down Seventh Heaven restaurant, after a major restoration, it started working only in 2016.

5. Oriental Pearl in Shanghai, China (468 m)

This TV tower with a romantic name became the third highest in Asia, and in the world took the honorable fifth place. It has become one of the most notable sights of Shanghai's Pudong district. It boasts the following services:

at the level of 267 meters there is a revolving restaurant;
at the level of 271 m there is a dance floor, 20 karaoke rooms and a bar;
an observation deck, a penthouse, a coffee shop and a conference room climbed to the level of 350 meters.

There are 11 spherical components in the building structure. The two largest spheres: at the bottom of Space City with a diameter of 50 m, just above the Space Module with a diameter of 45 m. They are connected to each other by three 9-meter diameter cylindrical columns, inside of which there are five smaller spheres, which are the rooms of the "Space Hotel".

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6. Borje Milad in Tehran, Iran (435 m)

This TV tower, located in Tehran, is the tallest building in the country. Its thickened part resembles a large 12-story capsule, its roof is at a level of 315 meters. Under it are elevators and stairs. Three shafts have been built in Bordja Milad, along which six panoramic elevators run. The tower's 12 floors gondola has a total area of 12,000 sq. m, until 2006, thanks to this, it was the tower with the largest floor area.
The base of the TV tower has the shape of a regular octagon, which is typical for classical Iranian architecture. At the 276-meter mark there is a revolving panoramic restaurant, and a little higher there are technical rooms intended for telecommunications, television and radio broadcasting, traffic control services and a weather station.

7. Menara in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (421 m)

This television tower was built for 5 years. Her project shows features of classical Islamic culture. Thus, the dome of the main lobby resembling a huge diamond was made by Iranian craftsmen from Isfahan using the muqarnah technique. At 276 meters above the ground, there is a revolving restaurant with a panoramic observation deck. Above it is an open observation deck, access to which is available for an additional fee. At the level of the observation deck, there is a new Sky Box attraction with a glass cube. You can get here by high-speed elevator in just 54 seconds.
At the base of the TV tower there is a cozy theme park dedicated to the culture of Malaysia. The structure of the tower is divided into 22 levels, in which there are 4 elevators, and there is also a staircase with 2058 steps. Upstairs, in addition to the restaurant and the observation deck, there are also radio broadcasting and telecommunications stations. The antenna of the tower not only sends broadcast signals, but also serves for telecommunications.

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8. Tianjin TV Tower, China (415 m)

In 1991, a huge TV tower was built in the Chinese city of Tianjin. There is an observation platform in it at the level of 253 meters, but now it serves to accommodate communication equipment. 4 meters above is a revolving restaurant. This TV tower is part of the international organization "World Organization of High-Rise Towers".

9. Beijing Central Television Tower, China (405 m)

She is the object of Chinese Central Television. At an altitude of 238 meters, it has an observation deck and a revolving restaurant. You can get to them using a high-speed elevator. The construction of this one of the highest TV towers in the world was initiated by the Ministry of Television and Radio of China. The golden and blue spherical element of the TV tower look especially beautiful, located at a height of 221 and 238 meters, respectively.

10. Zhongyang Tower in Zhengzhou, China (388 m)

Residents of Zhengzhou are proud of the Zhongyang Tower, which is one of the ten tallest buildings in the world. It was built in accordance with modern views of urban architecture. The area of its premises is 58,000 square meters. m. The Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa worked on the architectural solution, who proposed to build a tower on a powerful foundation, and place a restaurant with a large rotating observation deck at the top.
The roof of the structure is made up of 6 blue and gilded cones, which are interconnected by blocks. The tower is crowned with a spire that distributes a television signal over a radius of over 120 km. Now the Zhongyang TV tower is used for its intended purpose - it provides the local population with broadcasts, but, in addition, it is an adornment of the city.

On August 27, 2000, a fire broke out at the Ostankino television tower, as a result of which three people died, the broadcasting of most Russian TV channels to Moscow and the Moscow region was suspended . "Amateur" recalls the history of this tower.

The Ostankino TV Tower is a television and radio broadcasting tower, which ranks fourth in the world in terms of height among free-standing structures. The height of the Ostankino television tower is 540 meters. At first, it was called the All-Union Radio and Television Transmitting Station. 50th Anniversary of the USSR. Today, the Ostankino Tower covers a territory inhabited by more than 15 million people.

The TV tower was built by order of the USSR Ministry of Communications

The TV tower was built by order of the USSR Ministry of Communications. The decision to build the tower was made in 1957, construction began in 1963, and it was completed in 1967. Soviet builders had to build a structure of unprecedented height. Initially, they planned to build a steel tower on the principle of a power line mast, but the architect and designer Nikolai Nikitin proposed a different solution. His version was a prestressed concrete monolith. The architect N.V. Nikitin came up with the project of the Ostankino Tower in one night, taking as a model an inverted lily flower - a thick stem turning into powerful support petals. In the first version, the building had only four supports, and then their number was increased to 10.

The weight of the Ostankino tower was distributed between the base and the trunk in a strict proportion of 1:3. The center of gravity is located at a height of 110 meters, the diameter of the foundation is 63 meters. A trunk of this height should be stable and flexible, but even during strong gusts of wind it should not deviate from the central axis by more than one meter. Such conditions could provide a reliable, strong base, which was achieved by tightening the base and the boom of the barrel with many steel ropes.

The weight of the tower was distributed in a strict proportion of 1: 3

The following took part in the construction of the tower: chief designer N. V. Nikitin, engineers M. A. Shkud and B. A. Zlobin, chief architect L. I. Batalov, as well as architects D. I. Burdin, M. A. Shkud and L. I. SHIPAKIN. The artistic embodiment of the tower project was architect Leonid Batalov, who headed workshop No. 7 of Mosproekt.

During the construction of the Ostankino Tower, another innovative find was used - a relatively shallow foundation. Usually, during the construction of such high-rise structures, a deep foundation was used as a counterweight, and at the Ostankino Tower it had a depth of 3.5 to 4.6 m, less than that of a conventional factory pipe. The structure was supposed to mainly rest on the ground, gaining stability due to the multiple excess of the mass of the base over the mass of the mast structure.

When erecting the tower, a shallow foundation was used

Preliminary calculations showed that with a strong wind such a structure has practically no chance to survive. According to Canadian builders who built a similar tower at home, the foundation must be at least 40 meters. But Nikitin and his associates managed to successfully solve this problem.

True, it took him ten whole years to defend his project. Moreover, the critics were stopped not so much by the height of the future tower, but by the absence of the usual powerful foundation. The designer argued that the balanced tension of the ropes located inside the tower would bind the entire structure into such a reliable system that even the strongest wind would not be afraid of it. Nikitin said: “A person has an even smaller footprint, but he doesn’t fall.”

As a result, the project was nevertheless approved, and on September 27, 1960, the construction of the Ostankino Tower began. The construction was completed by lifting a multi-ton base of a metal antenna similar to an ear, its size was 148 meters, this event took place on February 12, 1967. The safety margin of the Ostankino TV tower allows it to withstand an earthquake of 8 points on the Richter scale and a hurricane wind at a speed of 44 meters per second. At the time of construction, the Ostankino TV Tower became the tallest building in the world. In 1970, the main participants in the construction of the TV tower in Moscow were awarded various high government awards.

The safety margin of the TV tower allows it to withstand an earthquake of 8 points.

Nikolai Nikitin (Doctor of Technical Sciences, author of the tower design), Dmitry Burdin (chief architect of the project), Moses Shkud (chief engineer of the GSPI), Boris Zlobin - chief engineer of the TsNIIEP project, Lev Shchipakin - director of the research enterprise Proektpromstalkonstruktsiya were awarded the titles of Laureates of the Lenin premiums.

The technical characteristics of the Ostankino Tower are as follows: height - 522 m (with a flagpole - 540 m), base height above sea level - 160 m, foundation depth - 4.6 m, weight of the tower with the foundation - 51,400 tons. The conical base of the tower has 10 supports , the average distance between the supports is 65 m. The maximum theoretical deviation of the top of the tower is 12 m. The main observation deck of the Ostankino tower is at a level of 337 meters. The base area of the foundation is 2,037 sq. m, and the total usable area of the premises located in the tower is 15,000 sq. m.

Let's talk a little more about the structure of the Ostankino Tower. Up to a height of 385 meters, it is built from prestressed concrete. At the 63-meter mark, the diameter narrows to 18 meters, and the upper edge of the concrete part has a thickness of 7.5 meters. Inside the barrel, steel ropes are stretched from top to bottom around the circumference, each of which is stretched with a force of 70 tons. The body of the Ostankino Tower is compressed with a force of 10,500 tons, which reliably protects it from destructive external influences.

In total, the tower has seven elevators, now there are only five. The speed of movement of the elevators automatically changes depending on the signals from the sensors that control the amplitude of the deviation of the tower. Electricity is supplied to the elevator car in a non-contact inductive way according to the principle of a transformer. For this purpose, current collectors are fixed on the elevator car, and elements of inductive energy transfer are located in the shaft.

At the level of 337 meters there is a circular observation hall, fenced with glass - from here a breathtaking panorama of Moscow opens up. Before a fire broke out in the tower in 2000, the famous Seventh Heaven restaurant was located at an altitude of 328-334 m. It was located on three floors (gold, silver and bronze), each of which made circular rotations around its axis at a speed of one to two revolutions in 40 minutes. For 30 years, more than 10 million people have visited this restaurant and the observation deck.

The building of the excursion building houses the Korolevsky concert hall, as well as the directorate of the Moscow Regional Center of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network". As a rule, concerts, various theatrical performances, conferences and seminars are held in the hall. The total number of seats in the hall is 750, of which 385 are in the stalls and 392 are in the amphitheatre.

The creators of the Ostankino television tower predicted 300 years of life for it, and indeed, it survived two strongest hurricanes, but the fire that started on August 27, 2000 caused great damage to it. The hearth was located at a level of 460 meters, three floors of the tower burned out completely. During the liquidation of the disaster, three people died: fire brigade commander Vladimir Arsyukov, who decided to personally climb to the height of the fire, elevator operator Svetlana Loseva, whom he ordered to go with him, and repairman Alexander Shipilin.

The creators of the Ostankino TV tower predicted 300 years of life for it

Feeders (transmission line, transmission line, electrical device, through which the directed propagation of electromagnetic waves from the source to the consumer), which had external polyethylene sheaths, burned with great intensity. Falling down burning drops of polyethylene contributed to the emergence of fires at other levels. When the temperature rose to about 1000 degrees Celsius, the burning parts of the feeders began to fall down. Firefighters tried to isolate the lower sections with asbestos sheets, but the protruding structures of the Ostankino tower left gaps in them, through which the molten mass still fell down.

The total damage caused to the structure was as follows: 121 out of 150 prestressed reinforcement ropes were damaged, the elevator facilities were completely out of order, the power supply, ventilation, air conditioning, heat and water supply, communications and signaling systems were disrupted.

For seven years, the restoration of the Ostankino Tower went on. As a result, the structure was re-strengthened with cables, fireproof cables were laid inside, elevators were installed that can withstand very high temperatures, as well as other modern equipment.

In January 2009, the observation deck was finally renovated and in March it was opened for pilot tours. Now one-hour tours of the Ostankino TV tower are held daily. Ticket prices are higher on weekends than on weekdays. According to the requirements put forward by the Ministry of Emergency Situations, there can be more than 30 people in excursion groups. Only one of the three restaurants is still open.

In the future, it is planned to increase the height of the Ostankino television tower to 560 meters, thereby making it the tallest television structure in the world.

There are many interesting facts connected with the Ostankino Tower. Races to a height of 337 meters are held along its stairs. And on the 40th anniversary of the tower, base jumpers made their dizzying jumps from it. Base jumping is one of the most dangerous extreme sports. Its name comes from the English abbreviation B. A. S. E - the first letters of the words building (building), antenna (antenna), span (bridge), earth (in this case, natural relief). It is from these four types of objects that BASErs jump. Jumping from buildings in terms of danger is in second place. The Ostankino TV tower is also mentioned in literary works.

Why are high-rise buildings being built? Because of the shortage of free space, from technical necessity, or simply - "so that everyone talks about it." Due to the lack of space, the first skyscrapers began to be built. Technical necessity forced the construction of tall television towers, and considerations of prestige and advertising led to the construction of gigantic multi-purpose buildings. What is the tallest tower in the world and what does the list of its closest competitors look like? Here is a list of the ten tallest towers that have existed and still exist on our planet.

Name	Height, m	Year of construction	Type	The country	City
Burj Khalifa	828	2010	Skyscraper	UAE	Dubai
Warsaw radio tower	646,38	1974	radio tower	Poland	Warsaw
sky tree	634	2012	radio tower	Japan	Tokyo
shanghai tower	632	2013	Skyscraper	China	Shanghai
TV tower KVLY-NV	629	1963	radio tower	USA	Blanchard
Towers of Abraj al-Bait	601	2011	Skyscraper	Saudi Arabia	Mecca
Guangzhou TV Tower	600	2009	hyperboloid tower	China	Guangzhou
CN Tower	553	1976	concrete tower	Canada	Toronto
world trade center	541,3	2013	Skyscraper	USA	New York
Ostankino Tower	540,1	1967	concrete tower	Russia	Moscow

Burj Khalifa

The Burj Khalifa is currently the tallest building in the world. It was built quite recently: the opening took place in 2010. She received the status of the tallest building on July 21, 2007, when the builders surpassed in height the largest building at that time - the television tower in the American city of Blanchard. And ten months later, on May 19, 2008, Burj Khalifa became the tallest tower that has ever existed on Earth. The building under construction exceeded the mark of 647 meters, thus surpassing the height of the Warsaw radio tower that collapsed in 1991.

Initially, according to the project, the tower was called Burj Dubai, or Dubai Tower. The renaming took place in the best traditions of Eastern chivalry. At the opening ceremony of the tower, the ruler of the emirate of Dubai, and part-time vice president and prime minister of the Emirates, Mohammed al-Maktoum, said that from now on the tower will be called Burj Khalifa. The new name is given in honor of the now living President of the UAE, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al-Nahyan.

The cost of the "new building" turned out to be truly astronomical - one and a half billion dollars! The tower was conceived as a futuristic "city within a city" project: it has its own "green zone": boulevards, lawns and even parks! The tower project was created by an American architectural firm that planned many famous buildings, including the World Trade Center, built on the site of the twin towers that were destroyed in 2001. Different floors are designed for a variety of functions. The total area of the premises inside the Burj Khalifa tower was 344 thousand square meters, and the mass of the building is half a million tons!

In the basement there is a spacious parking lot, up to the 42nd floor - the Armani hotel and technical levels. On the 43rd there is an observation deck, up to the 110th floor - apartments and technical levels. Next - a restaurant, several viewing platforms, 11 floors given over to offices. At the very top - technical floors, and a little lower - rooms for communications and television. In total, the building has 163 floors. An interesting feature of the Burj Khalifa is the astronomical observatory located on the 124th floor.

The construction was accompanied by a lot of scandals. Many workers from the underdeveloped countries of Southeast Asia were brought to work in the UAE. At the beginning of 2006, information was leaked to the press that skilled carpenters receive 4.34 euros a day, while laborers only 2.84 euros. The workers handed over their passports to employers, but they lived and worked in very poor conditions: there were many accidents at the construction site, including fatal ones, but they were poorly documented. Only one death has been officially recorded.

On March 21, two and a half thousand dissatisfied with working conditions staged a pogrom at the end of the shift, destroying offices, computers, construction equipment and cars parked near the building. According to official figures, the damage amounted to about half a million euros. The next day, most of the builders still went to work, but staged a "sit-in". With great difficulty, the company's management managed to calm the workers and resume construction.

Unlucky record holder

The construction of towers, which at one time were the highest structures in the world, has always aroused great interest among contemporaries and a reason to be proud of the achievements of their country. This is not surprising, because such construction required the involvement of significant financial and technical resources and turned out to be a noticeable event even for large and wealthy countries. At times, the building even became an object of local folklore. In this regard, the fate of the Warsaw radio mast is interesting, which held the title of "the highest tower in the world" for seventeen years.

Built in 1974, being the tallest in the world, it has become a source of national pride for the Poles. The tower was equipped with equipment for long-wave radio broadcasting throughout Europe. The elevator, rising at a low speed (35 centimeters per second), reached the top in half an hour! The tower was held by fifteen guys, located on five levels. Guys and became the cause of the collapse of the unique structure.

On August 8, 1991, due to violations made when replacing one of them, the tower first bent in half, and then “folded”, fortunately without hitting anyone. After that, she became a character in local jokes, ironic Poles began to jokingly call her "the longest tower in the world." The altitude record reached by the Warsaw radio mast held for almost seventeen years. Intentions to restore the unique structure were dashed against the protests of the local population, who believe that the radiation generated during the operation of the radio mast is detrimental to health.

What's next?

It is clear that the high-rise construction race will not stop there. What will be the next altitude record? During the construction of the Burj Khalifa, the final height of the building was kept secret, so that when an opponent appeared, the project could be slightly adjusted upwards and "get around the competitor on a turn." But then there were no people who wanted to compete.

Saudi Arabia's Prince Al-Waleed recently announced plans to fund a new high-rise project. The tower will bear the proud name "Kingdom", and the height will be as much as 1600 meters! The "Kingdom" will be used in the same way as the current record holder - the Burj Khalifa tower, that is, a hotel, offices and housing will be located on its floors. The estimated cost of the project is about $ 30 billion, but time will tell how much the giant internal areas of the super skyscraper will be in demand.

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