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Pirates

Surnames and names of famous pirates

Pirates- these are sea and river robbers of any nationality, who at all times robbed the ships of all countries and peoples.

The word "pirate" (Latin pirata) comes from the Greek. "try, test" The meaning of the word "pirate" is to try one's luck, a gentleman of fortune.

The word "pirate" came into use around the 4th-3rd centuries BC. e., and before that the concept of "leistes" was used, known since the time of Homer and closely related to such concepts as robbery, murder, booty. Piracy in its original form sea ​​raids appeared simultaneously with navigation and maritime trade. All the coastal tribes, who mastered the basics of navigation, were engaged in such raids. Piracy, as a phenomenon, is reflected in ancient poetry - in Ovid's Metamorphoses and Homer's poems.

With the development of trade and legal ties between countries and peoples, attempts began to be made to combat this phenomenon.

The pirates had own flag. The idea to sail under a pirate flag appeared in order to psychologically influence the crew of the attacked ship. For the purpose of intimidation, the blood-red flag was originally used, which often depicted symbols of death: skeleton, skull, crossbones, crossed sabers, death with a scythe, skeleton with a goblet.

The most common method of piracy attack there was a boarding (fr. abordage). The enemy ships approached side to side, grappled with boarding gear, and pirates jumped onto the enemy ship, supported by fire from the pirate ship.

Modern piracy

Currently, most of the pirate attacks occur in East Africa (Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique).

The region of the Strait of Malacca in Southeast Asia is not free from pirate raids.

Types of pirates

Sea pirates

River Pirates

Tevkry- Middle Eastern pirates in the XV-XI centuries BC. They were destroyed by the combined forces of the Greeks during the Trojan War.

Dolopians- Ancient Greek pirates (Skyrians), in the second half of the VI century BC settled on the island of Skyros. They hunted in the Aegean Sea.

Ushkuiniki- Novgorod river pirates, who hunted throughout the Volga up to Astrakhan, mainly in the XIV century.

barbary pirates- Pirates of North Africa. Based in the ports of Algeria and Morocco.

Likedelers- pirates of the northern European seas, descendants of the ancient Vikings.

Buccaneers- the English name for a filibuster, a synonym for a pirate who hunted in the waters of America.

filibusters- sea robbers of the 17th century who robbed Spanish ships and colonies in America. The word comes from the Dutch "vrijbuiter", which means "free earner".

Corsairs- this word appeared at the beginning of the XIV century from the Italian "corsa" and the French "la corsa". In wartime, a corsair received from the authorities of his (or another) country a letter of marque (corsair patent) for the right to rob enemy property. A corsair ship was equipped by a private shipowner who bought a corsair patent or a letter of reprisal from the authorities. The captains and crew members of such a ship were called corsairs. In Europe, the word "corsair" was used by the French, Italians, Spaniards and Portuguese in relation to their own and foreign gentlemen of fortune. In the countries of the Germanic language group, a synonym for corsair is privateer, in English speaking countries privateer(from the Latin word privatus - private).

privateers- private individuals in the countries of the German language group, who received from the state a license (diploma, patent, certificate, commission) to seize and destroy ships of enemy and neutral countries in exchange for a promise to share with the employer. Such a license in English was called Letters of Marque - letter of marque. The word "caper" comes from the Dutch verb kepen or the German kapern (to seize). Germanic synonym for corsair.

Privateers is the English name for a privateer or corsair.

Pechelings (flexelings)- so in Europe and the New World (America) they called Dutch privateers. The name comes from the main port of their base - Vlissingen. This term has appeared since the mid-1570s, when Dutch sailors began to gain fame (rob) around the world, and little Holland became one of the leading maritime countries.

Klefts (sea guides)- Greek pirates in the era of the Ottoman Empire, attacking mainly Turkish ships.

Wokow- pirates of Japanese origin who attacked the coasts of China, Korea and Japan in the period from the 13th to the 16th centuries.

Surnames and names of famous pirates

Teuta (Teuta)- the queen of the Illyrian pirates, III century. BC.

Aruj Barbarossa I(1473-1518)

Khair-ad-Din (Khyzir)(1475-1546), Barbarossa II

Nathaniel Butler(born 1578)

Hawkins John(1532-1595)

Francis Drake(1540-1596)

Thomas Cavendish(1560-1592)

Dragut-Rais(16th century)

Alexandre Olivier Exquemelin(c. 1645-1707)

Edward Teach(1680-1718), nickname "Blackbeard"

Jan Jacobsen(15(?)-1622)

Arundell, James(d. 1662)

Henry Morgan(1635-1688)

William Kidd(1645-1701)

Michel de Grammont

Mary Reid(1685-1721)

Francois Olone(17th century)

William Dampier(1651-1715)

Abraham Blauvelt(16??-1663)

Olivier (Francois) Le Wasser, nicknames "La blues", "buzzard"

Edward Lau(1690-1724)

Bartholomew Roberts(1682-1722), nickname "Black Bart"

Jack Rackham(1682-1720), nicknamed "Calico Jack". It is believed that he is the author of the pirate symbol - the skull and crossbones.

Joseph Barss(1776-1824)

Henry Avery

Jean Ango

Daniel "The Destroyer" Montbar

Laurens de Graaf(17th century)

Zheng Shi(1785-1844)

Jean Lafitte(?-1826)

Jose Gaspar(first quarter of the 19th century), nickname "Black Caesar"

Moses Vauclain

Amyas Preston

WilliamHenryHayes(William Henry Hays)(1829-1877)

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Pirates

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There aren't many documentaries on piracy. Many of the existing facts are only partly true. Information about who these people really were has undergone many different interpretations. As often happens in the absence of reliable first-hand data, quite a large amount of folklore is devoted to this topic. With all of the above in mind, we've decided to present a dossier on several legendary sea robbers.

Period of activity: 1696-1701
Territories: East coast of North America, Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean.

How he died: he was hanged in a specially designated place in the docks, located in the east district of London. Subsequently, his body was hung over the Thames, where it hung for three years as a warning to would-be sea robbers.
What is famous for: the founder of the idea of ​​buried treasures.
In fact, the exploits of this Scottish sailor and British privateer were not particularly extraordinary. Kidd took part in several small battles with pirates and other ships as a privateer for the British authorities, but none of them significantly affected the course of history.
The most interesting thing is that the legend of Captain Kidd appeared after his death. During his career, many colleagues and superiors suspected him of exceeding his letters of marque and indulging in piracy. After the appearance of irrefutable evidence of his actions, warships were sent for him, which were supposed to return Kidd to London. Suspecting what awaited him, Kidd allegedly buried untold wealth on Gardines Island off the coast of New York. He wanted to use these treasures as insurance and a bargaining tool.
The British court was unimpressed by the stories of buried treasure, and Kidd was sentenced to the gallows. This is how his story suddenly ended and a legend appeared. It was thanks to the efforts and skill of writers who became interested in the adventures of a terrible robber that Captain Kidd became one of the most famous pirates. His actual actions were significantly inferior to the glory of other sea robbers of that time.

Period of activity: 1719-1722
Territories: from the eastern coast of North America to the eastern coast of Africa.
How he died: was killed by a cannon shot during the battle against the British fleet.
What is famous for: he can be considered the most successful pirate.
Despite the fact that Bartholomew Roberts is not the most famous pirate, he was the best in everything he undertook. During his career, he managed to capture more than 470 ships. He operated in the waters of the Indian and Atlantic oceans. In his youth, when he was a sailor on board a merchant ship, his ship, along with the entire crew, was captured by pirates.
Thanks to his navigational skills, Roberts stood out from the crowd of hostages. Therefore, it soon became a valuable shot for the pirates who captured their ship. In the future, an incredible career takeoff awaited him, which led to the fact that he became the captain of a team of sea robbers.
Over time, Roberts came to the conclusion that it was completely pointless to fight for the miserable life of an honest employee. From that moment on, his motto was the statement that it is better to live for a short time, but for your own pleasure. We can safely say that with the death of 39-year-old Roberts, the end of the Golden Age of piracy has come.

Period of activity: 1716-1718
Territories: Caribbean Sea and East Coast of North America.
How he died: in battle against the British fleet.
What is famous for: successfully blocked the port of Charleston. He had a bright appearance and a thick dark beard, into which during the battles he wove ignition wicks, frightening the enemy with emitted clouds of smoke.
He was probably the most famous pirate, both in terms of pirate prowess and memorable appearance. He managed to mobilize a rather impressive fleet of pirate ships and lead it in many battles.
So, the flotilla under the command of Blackbeard managed to block the port of Charleston for several days. During this time, they captured several ships and took many hostages, who were subsequently traded for various medical supplies for the crew. For many years, Teach kept the Atlantic coast and the islands of the West Indies at bay.
This continued until his ship was surrounded by the British fleet. This happened during the battle off the coast of North Carolina. Then Teach managed to kill many Englishmen. He himself died from multiple saber blows and gunshot wounds.

Period of activity: 1717-1720
Territories: Indian Ocean and Caribbean Sea.
How he died: died shortly after being removed from command of the ship and landing in Mauritius.
Famous for: He was the first to use the flag with the image of the classic Jolly Roger.
Edward England became a pirate after being captured by a band of thugs. He was simply forced to join the team. After a short stay in the waters of the Caribbean Sea, he was waiting for a rapid rise through the pirate career ladder.
As a result, he began to command his own ship, used to attack slave ships in the Indian Ocean. It was he who invented the flag with the image of a skull over two crossed femurs. This flag later became a classic symbol of piracy.

Period of activity: 1718-1720
Territories: waters of the Caribbean Sea.
How he died: was hanged in Jamaica.
Known for: First pirate to allow women on board.
Calico Jack cannot be classified as a successful pirate. His main occupation was the capture of small commercial and fishing vessels. In 1719, during a brief retirement attempt, the pirate met and fell in love with Anne Bonny, who subsequently dressed in men's clothing and joined his crew.
After some time, Rackham's team captured a Dutch merchant ship, and without knowing it, took another woman in a man's outfit aboard the pirate ship. Reed and Bonnie turned out to be brave and brave pirates, which made Rackham famous. Jack himself is by no means a good captain.
When his crew hijacked the Governor of Jamaica's ship, Rackham was so drunk that he couldn't even fight, and only Mary and Ann defended their ship to the last. Before the execution, Jack asked for a meeting with Ann Bonnie, but she flatly refused and, instead of dying words of consolation, told her former lover that his pitiful appearance caused her indignation.

Incredible Facts

Blackbeard

Edward Teach, known as Blackbeard, instituted a reign of terror in the Caribbean that lasted from 1716 to 1718.

The sailor began as a privateer fighting for England during the War of the Spanish Succession, honing his skills as a pirate before turning to piracy.

A fierce fighter, Blackbeard was known both for his particular style of taking over ships and for his huge mane of hair.

Anne Bonnie

The most famous female pirate in history was as intimidating as her male counterparts, and besides, she was very smart and educated.

The daughter of a plantation owner, Ann left her settled life in the early 1700s and went to conquer the seas.

She joined the crew of Jack Rackham's Calico ship, disguised as a man, but legend has it that she was spared the death penalty after the crew was captured because she was pregnant.

Captain Samuel Bellamy

Despite the fact that he died at a very young age (he was only 28 years old), "Black Sam" made a name for himself after he captured several ships, including the Whydah Gally, a ship that was full of gold, silver and other valuable commodity. Bellamy made the ship his own in 1717, but he sank in a storm that same year.

Jin Shih

The golden age of piracy did not pass by China, and women on board or even at the helm were not uncommon.

Since 1801, her "career" developed very rapidly, and she became one of the most powerful female captains, and, in the end, the commander of a fleet of 2,000 ships and 70,000 sailors.

It is believed that the key to Jin's success was the iron discipline that reigned on her ships.

Bartholomew Roberts

"Black" Bart Roberts was one of the most successful pirates of the Golden Age, patrolling the waters off the coast of Africa and the Caribbean.

In less than four years, he captured 400 ships.

Bart was very cold-blooded and rarely left anyone alive on the captured ships, so the British authorities actively searched for him. He died at sea.

Captain Kidd

Pirate or privateer? Scottish sailor William Kidd is known for high-profile litigation with the British government over his heinous crimes and piracy attacks.

However, the veracity of this claim is still disputed. According to some modern historians, Kidd acted according to his letter of marque and did not attack allied ships.

However, he was hanged in 1701. Rumors about the whereabouts of the vast treasures he hid still haunt the minds of many adventurers to this day.

Henry Morgan

So popular that a rum was named after him, Captain Morgan first served as a privateer in the Caribbean, then became a pirate, and famously wreaked havoc in the "golden" Spanish colony of Panama City in the mid-1600s.

He is also known as one of the few pirates who managed to "retire".

Calico Jack (Calico Jack)

"Jolly Roger Flag Pioneer" Calico Jack Rackham was a pirate of the Caribbean who had several epic names, but is known for his association with Anne Bonnie as well as his classic pirate death.

Captured in Jamaica in 1720, Rackham was hanged, doused with tar and set on fire to show what would happen to every pirate. Now the place where this event took place is called Cay Rackham.

Sir Francis Drake

Noble to some and criminal to others, Drake spent the time between the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 and his world tour, active in piracy and the slave trade in the Caribbean.

The conquests he carried out, especially the attacks on the Spanish colonies in Central America, were considered among the richest in the amount of piracy taken in the history.

Brothers Barbarossa

Names such as Aru and Khizir may not seem familiar to you, but the nickname given to Turkish corsairs by Europeans - Barbarossa (red beard) - probably conjures up images of tough and stern sailors in the Mediterranean.

In the 16th century, using North Africa as a base, the Barbarossa brothers attacked several coastal towns and became one of the most powerful people in the area.

Pirates have always been associated with adventurers, robbers, robbers and brawlers who have gained fame not only at sea, in love affairs, but even in politics. But let's look at their activities in the open sea, since it was she who brought those fabulous riches that are still being sought. Even the names of pirate ships were intended to intimidate their opponents, and the Jolly Roger flag instilled panic in the crew of the attacked ship.

The most famous pirates

Speaking about the era of piracy, it should be borne in mind that not all adherents of this way of earning and existence were exactly pirates in the direct sense of the word. In those days, there was a division into outright robbers, corsairs, privateers, filibusters, etc.

Interestingly, privateering was legalized in England, which did its best to prevent Spain from entering the New World. Roughly speaking, the English crown secretly issued patents for the robbery of Spanish galleons, which returned with gold and silver from both Americas.

But in general, if you make a list of the most desperate and famous personalities of that era in their field, it could look something like this:

• Captain Kidd.
• Edward Teach "Blackbeard".
• Henry Morgan.
• L'Ollone.
• Jetrow Flint.
• Olivier Le Wasser.
• William Dampier.
• Aruj Barbarossa.
• Jen Shi and many others.

Famous names of pirate ships. List

Naturally, each of these thugs preferred to have his own ship, and, if possible, a fleet of three or more ships. However, if the secondary ships had sometimes even satirical names, the flagship had to bear such a name without fail so that it was on everyone's lips. Allegories or frankly defiant names were often used. Here is an incomplete list of the most famous ships of that time (the names of pirate ships in English or French are given along with the Russian translation):

• "Golden Doe" (Golden Hind);
• Galley "Adventure" (Adventure Galley);
• "Revenge of Queen Anne" (Queen Ann's Revenge);
• "Careless Corsair" (El corsario descuidad);
• "Periton" (Le Periton) - a flying deer;
• "Avenger" (Avenger);
• "Ouida" (Whydah);
• "Royal Fortune" (Royal Fortune);
• "Fantasy" (Fancy);
• "Happy Delivery" (Happy Delivery);
• "Rising Sun";
• "Retribution" (Revenge), etc.

And that's not all. Very often one could also come across the names of pirate ships like "Omnipresent Death", "Victoria - Bloody Baroness", "Prize of Luck", "Bell", "Cerberus", "Black Widow", "Leviathan", "Shaving Water", in In general, fantasy was enough in abundance. But let's dwell on what the famous pirate ships were. Their names did not always reflect the true nature of the threat, because by and large the Spanish galleons were 36-48-gun frigates, which it was not possible to board for capture. A pirate ship would have been shot on approach, no matter how well it maneuvered.

Therefore, usually the robbers were content with frigates of a lower rank. To have 24, 36 or 40 guns on board was considered riding. And escort by several ships with 20 or even 12 guns on board could play a decisive role in the battle.

The main characteristics of the ships

Despite the loud and sometimes intimidating names of pirate ships, they could not always be compared with the same Spanish ships or the English fleet.

So, for example, "Adventure" by William Kidd was a 34-gun frigate brigantine of an unusual type (with straight sails and an oar crew).

"Queen Anne's Revenge", originally called "Concorde", was more powerful, with 40 guns. "Golden Doe" first descended from the stocks as under the name "Pelican", according to various estimates, with 18-22 guns.

The most famous literary hero and his squadron

In the literature, the names of pirate ships were replenished with another famous character - Captain Blood (Rafael Sabatini - “Odyssey of Captain Blood”, “Chronicles of Captain Blood”), whose unrequited love for the daughter of the governor of Barbados (and then Jamaica) made him call the captured from the Spaniards 36- cannon frigate "Cinco Llagos" named after her. Since then, "Arabella" has become a thunderstorm of the seas.

By the way, the work mentions and but the name of the literary hero Levasseur, and his ship is called "La Foudre" ("Lightning"). There is also the name "Avenger" (Avenger) of one of the constant opponents of the protagonist - Captain Easterling.

Captain Blood himself, in his characteristic humorous manner, gave names to minor ships like "Elizabeth" (in honor of the Queen of England) or in honor of the three Greek goddesses - "Atropos", "Clotho" and "Lachesis".

Only towards the end of the story was the 80-gun frigate Victorieuse, commanded by Baron de Rivarol, captured. But according to the plot, the author could not rename it, because Blood became the governor, and his ships became part of the Jamaican squadron.

Cinema

And how to do without the "Black Pearl" from the quadrology "Pirates of the Caribbean"? Here, too, there are nuances. The name of Captain Barbossa clearly echoes Barbarossa.

And there is no need to talk about the "Flying Dutchman" at all. In the film, it is indicated that this is a ship, although in fact no one knows who owned this ghost ship, and whether it exists at all and whether it is only in a single copy.

Instead of an afterword

Well, if we take into account that kids love this kind of adventure, it’s easy to come up with the name of a pirate ship for children, because their imagination is often much more developed than that of an adult. Even common names like "Thunderstorm" or "Thunder" will do. Here, children are masters of using associations that frighten their peers.

But, seriously, the names of pirate ships are very often associated not with abstract concepts or mystical phenomena, but rather with the history of England, because most of these seekers of luck, one way or another, were associated with the English crown, and by and large fought against the Spaniards. Naturally, there were those who robbed indiscriminately, but privateering in those days was, so to speak, the most gentlemanly trade with a huge number of restrictions. Take the same Henry Morgan, who later became the vice-governor of Jamaica, or sir (English admiral). History is full of surprises...

The Adventure Galley is the favorite ship of William Kidd, an English privateer and pirate. This unusual frigate galley was equipped with straight sails and oars, which made it possible to maneuver both against the wind and in calm weather. The 287-ton vessel with 34 guns accommodated 160 crew members and was primarily intended to destroy the ships of other pirates.

Queen Anne's Revenge is the flagship of the legendary captain Edward Teach, nicknamed Blackbeard. This 40-gun frigate was originally called Concorde, belonged to Spain, then moved to France until it was finally captured by Blackbeard Under his leadership, the ship was strengthened and renamed.Queen Anne's Revenge sank dozens of merchant and military ships that got in the way of the famous pirate.

The Whydah is the flagship of Black Sam Bellamy, one of the pirates of the golden age of piracy. The Ouida was a fast and manoeuvrable vessel, capable of carrying many treasures. Unfortunately for Black Sam, only a year after the start of the pirate "career" the ship was caught in a terrible storm and was thrown ashore. The entire team, except for two people, died. By the way, Sam Bellamy was the richest pirate in history, according to Forbes recalculation, his fortune totaled about 132 million dollars in the modern equivalent.

"Royal Fortune" (Royal Fortune) belonged to Bartholomew Roberts, the famous Welsh corsair, whose death ended the golden age of piracy. Bartholomew changed several ships in his career, but the 42-gun, three-masted ship of the line was his favorite. On it, he accepted his death in battle with the British warship "Swallow" in 1722.

The Fancy is the ship of Henry Avery, also known as Lanky Ben and the Arch-Pirate. The Spanish 30-gun frigate "Charles II" successfully plundered French ships, but eventually a riot broke out on it, and power passed to Avery, who served as the first mate. Avery renamed the ship Imagination and sailed on it until he ended his career.

The Happy Delivery is a small but favorite ship of George Lauter, an 18th century English pirate. His crowning tactic was to ram his enemy ship with simultaneous lightning-fast boarding.

The Golden Hind was an English galleon under the command of Sir Francis Drake who circumnavigated the world between 1577 and 1580. Initially, the ship was called the Pelican, but upon entering the Pacific Ocean, Drake renamed it in honor of his patron, Lord Chancellor Christopher Hutton, who had a golden doe on his coat of arms.

The Rising Sun was a ship owned by Christopher Moody, a truly ruthless thug who took no prisoners on principle. This 35-gun frigate terrified Moody's enemies until he was safely hanged - but he went down in history with the most unusual pirate flag known, yellow on a red background, and even with a winged hourglass to the left of the skull.

The Speaker is the first capital ship of corsair John Bowen, a successful pirate and excellent tactician. The Talkative is a large 50-gun ship with a displacement of 450 tons, originally used to transport slaves, and after being captured by Bowen, for daring attacks on Mauritanian ships.

The Revenge is the ten-gun sloop of Steed Bonnet, also known as the "gentleman of the pirates". Bonnet lived a rich, albeit short-lived life, having managed to be a small landowner, serve under Blackbeard, fall under an amnesty and again embark on the path of piracy. The small, maneuverable Retribution sank many larger ships.

Large and tiny, powerful and maneuverable - all these ships, as a rule, were built for completely different purposes, but sooner or later ended up in the hands of corsairs. Some ended their "career" in battle, others were resold, others were drowned in storms, but all of them glorified their owners in one way or another.