School programs of the developed countries of the world. How it all works: schools around the world

The levels of education abroad differ from those familiar to Russians, and indeed to residents of the entire post-Soviet space. Almost every country in the world is distinguished by its structure of educational institutions that train specialists of different levels and allow students to master a certain level of knowledge.

If you are planning to study abroad, it is important to understand that from the level of education you choose abroad, you will receive a diploma or certificate that allows you to take a certain place in the hierarchy of society. Let's try to figure out what education systems in different countries offer us.

Australia

Since Australia remained a British colony for a long time, its educational system absorbed all the traditions of Foggy Albion. Numerous educational institutions of different levels of this country implement programs designed for any requirements of students.

It is important to note that the rating of Australian education around the world is quite high, and the control of the work of all educational institutions is carried out at the state level. The Australian education system offers foreign citizens to study at any level, except for preschool.

Australian children and teenagers study in schools for 12 years. Most of the country's schools have the status of "state". Only 30% of secondary schools are private. Upon completion of the secondary school, the graduate is issued a state certificate "Year 12". To enter the university, the graduate must not only have this document, but also pass the entrance tests positively.

You can also get a profession at the state higher colleges TAFE: as in England, colleges and universities train specialists. But colleges produce Bachelors, and universities produce both Bachelors and Masters. Often, one university may consist of several colleges. In fact, both the College and the University of Australia are universities. Education in most of them is paid. To receive a scholarship covering tuition costs, an applicant must have high scores in core subjects for the program, have high sports or cultural achievements, and fall under one of the free education programs.

United Kingdom

In Britain, the education system is one of the highest quality and is built on long-term, proven traditions. It was formed centuries ago and has not changed since then, as it has proved its effectiveness in practice.

Primary and secondary education is enshrined in law. Education for British children begins at the age of five and lasts for 11 years. First, they enter the pre-preparatory school - the initial level. Two years later, children are transferred to primary school - middle classes, where they study until the age of thirteen. Then the teenagers move to the senior classes, the training in which ends with the passing of tests. Those who successfully pass the exams are awarded a certificate of secondary education. The compulsory education phase has been completed. Further, a choice opens up before school graduates: someone goes to work, others seek to enter a college or university where they study their specialty. Both levels of education issue diplomas of higher education.

Applicants write A-level tests. Applicants can get an education under the bachelor's program, after studying for 3-4 years, or a master's program - this is an additional 1-2 years of study.

Ireland

Irish children are required to complete three school stages: primary, secondary and high school. For the last three years, students have been studying in depth up to 8 selected subjects. To receive a certificate, you must successfully pass the tests. The certificate of secondary education is similar to the English A-level. Universities in Ireland, like colleges, train specialists. Higher education has two levels: undergraduate and graduate. Then you can do research and apply for a degree.

In continental Europe, each country has its own education system.

Poland

Secondary education in Poland is designed for 12 years of study. Of these, 8 classes are the basic level: students receive general knowledge on a clear list of subjects that are the same for everyone. The next 4 senior classes are similar to Russian lyceums. Here, children receive knowledge in selected subjects. All lyceums are divided into two categories: general and technical. Junior specialists of one profile or another are trained here.

Higher education is not compulsory. Those who wish to receive it can enter either a college or a university. At the same time, in colleges, training lasts 4 years, and graduates receive an engineering degree or a bachelor's degree (depending on the chosen specialty). After studying at the university, which lasts 5-6 years, graduates are awarded master's degrees. To obtain a scientific degree, it is necessary to conduct a number of scientific papers and defend a dissertation.

Czech Republic

Czech education is similar to the systems of other European countries. Children start learning at 6 years old, and at 4 years old they receive general knowledge. At the age of 11, they enter the gymnasium, where they study general disciplines and elective programs. At the age of 16, gymnasium students take exams and receive certificates of general (compulsory) education. Then the road to a college or university is opened for them, where they study their specialty. By the way, in the Czech Republic, the largest percentage of school graduates choose to enter the university.

Japan

Compulsory general education for children in Japan lasts 12 years. Toddlers spend much of their time in elementary school learning the complex native language and Japanese history.

After completing the school course, graduates can continue their education by enrolling in higher educational institutions. It is quite remarkable that in Japanese universities teaching for students from other countries is carried out in English. Universities in Japan offer either undergraduate or graduate courses.

China

The hierarchy of education in the PRC includes pre-school education, compulsory general education consisting of three separate courses, university and graduate school.

Chinese children go to kindergarten from the age of 3. Schooling starts at the age of 6. At the Primary level, kids learn their native language, mathematics, natural history, English or French, moral and musical education, and undergo sports training.

The next link is the middle one. Here, schoolchildren are taught, in addition to primary subjects, physics, chemistry, computer science. In the upper grades, additional subjects appear by choice. After compulsory general education, school graduates enter vocational and specialized schools. Only after that a Chinese can go to university.

There are 3 types of higher education in China. These include courses with specialization, the duration of which is three years, undergraduate studies - you will have to devote 5 years to training, master's programs - you will have to additionally study for 3 years.

Recently, as part of the development of international relations, Chinese universities have been actively inviting students from abroad and implementing exchange programs.

Education in the USA

There is no uniform tradition of education in the USA. Each state has its own system and regulations. And the state administration controls the educational processes. Despite this, all programs are similar. Experts argue that this is due to the influence of common factors, the needs of the country, internal migrations of the population.

The North American educational system has three levels: elementary level (kindergarten and first level of school), second level of school, the highest level - college or university. Depending on the territorial location of the school, children are taught from the age of 5, 6 or 7 years. In addition to compulsory subjects, high school students have programs to choose from. Thus, students are preparing either for admission to a university or for work. You can continue your education in a technical school. The US Higher School is represented by 2.5 thousand educational institutions. In the college you can get an elementary higher education, a bachelor's degree. Whereas both bachelors and the senior link - masters are trained within the university walls.

The states recognize 4 academic titles. "Junior Specialist" is assigned after graduating from a technical school. Some secondary schools provide training for this category of specialists within the walls of the classroom. For example, at school you can learn to be a driver. A bachelor's degree can be obtained after studying at the College or 3-4 years of training at the University. Master or Master - a specialist after 5-6 years of study at the University. To obtain a doctoral degree, you must additionally conduct a series of scientific research and defend a dissertation.

Studying at a College or University provides for the study of several compulsory and a number of narrow-profile subjects of choice. The American educational system is clear and simple for Russians. Our graduates can enter the University immediately after school, passing an English language exam and providing a document confirming the end of the school. But if the knowledge of English. language is not enough, the applicant is invited to take a training course at the university.

Spanish education

Spanish education is highly valued not only in Europe but all over the world. The system is quite simple and understandable. From 3-4 years old to 5-6 years old, parents send their babies to kindergarten - infantil, from 5-6 to 12 years old children study in primary grades - primaria, from 12 to 16 years old they study at secundaria - this is an analogue of the Russian “nine-year-old”, and two more classes of schoolchildren study at the bachillerato. After that, compulsory education is considered completed, and the child receives a certificate. After that, you can enter the university.

Every year, Spanish universities welcome thousands of international students. Educational programs of universities in Spain fully comply with European standards and norms. And the price of training is considered affordable.

All programs are designed in such a way as to prepare highly qualified specialists with theoretical knowledge and practical skills. Students study special subjects directly from the first year. The universities harmoniously combine the deep traditions of Spanish schools, innovative technologies and modern pedagogical methods. Classrooms and laboratories are equipped with modern devices, there are large scientific libraries.

Educational structure in Switzerland

Switzerland neighbors with significant European powers. Tourists rush here, including those who dream of undergoing high-quality professional training. The structure of education is extraordinary and multi-valued.

You don't have to go to kindergarten. Moms and dads themselves can determine the time for visiting a children's institution for the baby. There is also no general school system. Each region is represented by its own structure. This is due to cultural, mental differences of the local population. Each region has its own Education Department. The only general rule is the age of the students. Children go to school from 7 to 16 years old. In addition to public schools, there are a large number of private schools that accept children both on a day basis and with student residences (boarding houses). These schools have a different level of service and, accordingly, tuition prices are different. Many foreign children receive secondary education here. It is available in several languages: English, German, French.

Higher schools in Switzerland are represented by 12 universities. Teaching in them is conducted in the official language of the canton (French, German or Italian), so the Russian student will be able to adapt. The principles of education at universities are similar to those of Europe. In public universities, tuition fees are low. However, given the high cost of living in the country, education here is not available for everyone.

Education of Turkey

Education in Turkey is built on the principle of the post-Soviet space. Incomplete secondary education lasts 8 years, and full - 10 years. Further graduates are trained in the lyceum.

Of the professional and special schools, the scientific lyceum is considered the most prestigious. Future doctors, technicians, scientists are trained here. Other lyceums are also in demand.

After completing schooling or graduating from a lyceum, students who wish to receive a higher specialized education pass a test for admission to the University. With a set of good points, the power pays for studies. You can study for a Bachelor's or Master's degree.

Education in Austria

The Austrian structure of education is characterized by democracy and a variety of educational areas. Kindergartens and schools form the primary and secondary levels of education. Kindergartens take children from three to six years old. Children study their native language, learn music, play games and develop motor skills. The study of languages can be included in the plan of upbringing and education. From the age of five, all children must take a preparatory course for school. They are carried out by special centers. Primary school is considered from the age of 6, and children of ten to fourteen years old go to "middle" classes. Then the children enter the "senior" classes, reminiscent of Russian colleges and technical schools. Here they will undergo 4 years of preparation for entering the university and vocational training.

Even 16 years ago, studying at the University of Austria was free. Only those who performed best in test exams were admitted to the "high school". Since 2001, the accreditation of private universities has been legally allowed. To withstand competition, state universities began to teach students also on a fee basis. But since 2009, free practice has been returned, as paid education at the University had a negative impact on the educational system as a whole. To become a student at the Austrian University, it is enough to pass tests well, including in German.

Structure of education in Canada

The North American country shows high rates in terms of the quality of education. Kindergartens start preparing children for school life from a young age. And Canadian schools are the foundation for preparing children for admission to the University. Lessons and lectures at all levels are conducted in English and French.

The Canadian Higher School is represented by almost four hundred universities. The University College of the country is famous for its research programs, the use of innovative technologies.

Students from all over the world study to various degrees, from bachelor's and master's to doctoral degrees.

Education structure of Greece

Despite the type of management, all educational institutions in Greece are coordinated at the state level. The education of children begins with kindergarten, after which the kids go to a comprehensive school. At the middle level, general subjects are studied, and at the senior level of the school there are a number of general subjects and a number of additional ones, at the student's choice.

After graduation from school, its graduates can enter the Institute, Academy, University. The structure of higher education is very similar to the Russian one, where there is a complex division of institutions into academies, institutes and higher schools.

Especially famous are the University of Athens (founded in 1837), Thessaloniki (founded in 1925). The Polytechnic Institute, the Higher School of Economics, and the Academy of Political Sciences are considered quite prestigious. Academic Universities do not accept foreign students, but Russians are always welcome at a private university.

New Zealand education

The 1st stage of New Zealand education is kindergarten. Here the children spend half a day, doing music, dancing, learning the language, developing writing skills. Education takes place in a playful way, as it is forbidden to force children in kindergartens in New Zealand. The kids visit the gardens three times a week. Here it is not customary to “rent” your children for the whole day or around the clock. Children aged 5-12 go to Primary School - elementary school classes. 13-18-year-old teenagers go to Secondary School - middle classes. And 18-20-year-old young people are trained in a secondary specialized school - the Polytechnicsor Institute of Technology. Then you can go to university.

New Zealand is famous not only for its lush landscapes, but also for its high-quality higher education programs.

If we talk about higher education, it should be said that there are eight Universities and twenty polytechnic institutes. To prepare for the entrance exams to the university, language and preparatory courses, postgraduate programs, advanced training courses, MBA have been created. Each institution of higher education has its own internal rules, its own schedule, and a set of programs. But, in general, they all start the semester at the end of February, and end it in October. Foreigners can easily enter any educational structure.

Dutch education system

Education in the Netherlands is innovative. Any group of people can claim the title of an educational institution and require state funding. This is clearly seen in the example of preschool education. Starting from the age of three months, mothers can leave their children in Care Centers or private kindergartens. Such organizations look after the kids, providing children's leisure.

The Dutch school system is different from the European one. All children aged 5-18 must attend school. The first two classes are reminiscent of our kindergarten. From the third grade, subjects such as writing, reading, counting, and natural science are introduced. Dutch children receive homework only from the 6th grade. At the end of elementary school, every child takes a proficiency test and an IQ test. Based on the test results, teachers determine the educational level that parents recommend choosing for their child. There are only three of them. If the child has shown poor results, he will be asked to complete the general education school in three years and complete the general knowledge program. With an average result, several items are added to the program. The training will last 4 years. If a student "gives out" high results, he will have to pore over textbooks for 6 years, but his preparation will be equivalent to the preparation of a Russian college or lyceum. After such preparation, you can apply for admission to the university.

There are three types of universities in Holland: polytechnic universities, classical universities, Higher schools for foreign students.

Comparative characteristics of education systems in Russia, USA, Germany and Japan.

Any society to ensure progressive development must implement the function of education. To this end, it creates an educational system, i.e. complex of educational institutions.

According to their organizational and legal forms, educational institutions can be:

State,

municipal,

Non-state (private, public and religious organizations).

AT Russia educational institutions include the following types:

preschool;

General education (primary general, basic general,

secondary (complete) general education). The secondary general education school has three levels: 1st level - elementary school (3-4 years); Stage 2 - basic school (5 years); Level 3 - secondary school (2 - 3 years).;

Special (correctional) for children with developmental disabilities; institutions

add. education; institutions for orphans and children left without parental care; other institutions.

AT USA there is no unified state education system, each state has the right to determine its structure independently.

The US education system includes:

Pre-school institutions where children aged 3-5 years are brought up;

Primary school (grades 1-6) for children aged 6-11;

Secondary school (grades 7-12) with the task of teaching boys and girls aged 12-17; educational institutions after the secondary level of education that are part of the higher education system.

Training in Germany starts at age six in a single primary school (grades 1-4) and then continues in one of three types of schools:

Basic school (grades 5-10),

Real school (5-10 or 7-10 grades),

Gymnasium (grades 5-13 or 7-13).

Schooling course in Japan takes 12 years, and half of it falls on primary school (grades 1-6). The secondary school consists of two levels: the compulsory lower secondary school (7-10) and the optional upper secondary school (11-12). Vocational primary and secondary education is given predominantly in secondary general education institutions and partly in special schools.

Preschool educational institutions in Russia(kindergarten, nursery school, gymnasium, children's development center, etc.) are created to help the family to raise children from 1 to 6 years old.

Education and training carried out in preschool educational institutions are the preparatory stage of primary education. Such a characteristic of preschool education can be given not only in Russia, but also in all other countries; there are no significant differences in the principles of education at preschool age in Russia.

School Germany education starts at the age of 6 and is compulsory for all children. The readiness of the future student is determined not by school commissions, but by doctors and social psychologists.

German elementary schools are organizationally and administratively independent institutions. Their training lasts 4 years. From grade 3, performance is assessed on a 6-point scale. The highest marks "1" and "2" ("very good" and "good"), marks "5" and "6" are considered unsatisfactory.

At the end of elementary school, students receive diplomas with grades in all subjects, characteristics and recommendations for continuing education in one or another type of high school: gymnasium, general education or unified school, real school, basic school. The opinion of parents also plays an important role in choosing a school.

Schooling course in Japan takes 12 years, and half of it falls on primary school due to the exceptional complexity and laboriousness of learning the native language. Primary education in Japan starts at the age of six. In primary

school (grades 1-3), most of the study time is devoted to Japanese and arithmetic. Students must learn 1850 hieroglyphs - the minimum set

Ministry of Education (but even to read books and newspapers you need to know

much more - up to 3 thousand). Half of this hieroglyphic minimum

should be mastered in elementary grades. Every day after classes in a regular school, children go back to study in a non-mandatory school, but extremely

necessary for the transition to the next level of secondary school and in

university.

Main school Russia lays a solid foundation for the general educational preparation necessary for the graduate to continue his education, his full inclusion in the life of society. Basic school is compulsory. Graduates of the basic school continue their education in the secondary school. They also have the right to continue their education in vocational educational institutions of various types and profiles with different terms of study, in evening and correspondence secondary general education schools.

high school USA(college of secondary education) usually consists of two units: junior and senior. In junior high school (junior high school) (grades 7-9), a third of the study time is devoted to a common program for all, and the rest to the study of elective subjects (elective). Senior High School (grades 10-12) typically offers a required set of five academic subjects and a variety of academic and practical study profiles.

The main way to assess and control knowledge in the American school is tests. Grades are given according to five-point or hundred-point systems: A (93-100) - excellent; D (65-74) - bad; E (0-^64) - does not count. The senior secondary school is a general educational institution. Students usually leave school at the age of 17 or 18.

Germany. On average, about 20% of students admitted to the 5th grade reach the successful completion of the Abitur. Many schoolchildren for whom gymnasium education is beyond their strength or their plans change, finish their studies in grades 10-11 or even earlier move to other types of schools. AT

in a real school and ordinary (non-gymnasium) classes of a general education school, education continues until grade 10, after which students take exams for a diploma of secondary education.

Real and comprehensive schools are the most common types of schools in Germany.

The shortest path to a profession is considered to be the basic school (Haupt-schule), where students study until the 9th or 10th grade. With a Hauptschule certificate, you can subsequently acquire a profession that does not require high qualifications.

In grades 5-8, core subjects for all students

are religion, German, one or two foreign languages, geography, mathematics, biology, music, art, sports, history, physics. In the 9th grade, students may refuse to study some subjects, while taking one or two additional subjects of their choice.

Along with the core subjects, grades for elective subjects are included in the Mittlere Reife Secondary Diploma.

In the gymnasium, starting from the 11th year of study, students are already fully engaged in individual plans, and the organization of classes is reminiscent of a university one. There are no classes, only groups that are formed freely. Students draw up a curriculum on their own, but according to certain rules. All subjects are divided into three groups: philological (German and

foreign languages), natural science (mathematics, physics, chemistry,

biology, computer science), social science (history, social science,

geography, religion, ethics or pedagogy). Until the end of schooling, the main subjects remain for all students (German language, mathematics, etc.)

In primary and secondary schools Japan a five-level

rating scale: S (very good), A (good), B (satisfactory), C

(bad), D (very bad). In high school, when assessing knowledge, it is used as

and in American secondary schools, the credit system.

Professional educational institutions in Russia created

for the implementation of professional educational programs of primary, secondary and higher professional education. Primary vocational education can be obtained in vocational and other schools.

Secondary vocational education is aimed at training mid-level specialists, meeting the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education on the basis of basic general, secondary (complete) general or primary vocational education.

Higher vocational education aims to train and retrain specialists of the appropriate level, meet the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education on the basis of secondary (complete) general, secondary vocational education. His

can be obtained in educational institutions of higher professional

education (higher educational institutions) - universities, academies,

institutes, colleges. Persons with primary and secondary vocational

education of the relevant profile, can receive higher

vocational education on a reduced, accelerated program.

Postgraduate professional education provides

citizens the opportunity to improve the level of education, scientific and

pedagogical qualification on the basis of higher professional

education. To obtain it, institutes, graduate schools,

doctoral studies, residencies, adjunctures at educational institutions

higher professional education and scientific institutions.

Additional educational programs and services. additional education can be obtained in advanced training institutions, courses, etc.

In many schools USA to obtain the matriculation time,

spent on learning cooking and driving a car is equal to

to the time allotted for the study of mathematics, English, chemistry,

history, biology. In most schools, learning to work independently is ignored, and many, graduating from high school and going to college, do not know how to work independently, systematically mastering knowledge.

The Commission for the Advancement of Education recommended

secondary school graduates in the last four years of schooling

compulsory study of modern achievements of the five "basic disciplines" that make up the core of the modern school curriculum: English, mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences, mastering computer literacy.

In addition, students who wish to continue their studies at higher

educational institution must complete a 2-year foreign language course.

Particular attention should be paid to the further development

computer-information base, in particular, computers of the latest generation,

library fund, laboratory equipment, etc.

It should be emphasized that in the United States the professional average level in

education system is not allocated. This level is integrated into the system

higher education. US higher education is characterized by significant

a variety of curricula, courses and disciplines studied, representing

is a single social institution that carries out important economic,

social and ideological functions.

In vocational training Germany there is a system of apprenticeships in enterprises with simultaneous attendance at professional educational institutions for two to three years. There are also professional schools of an advanced type - schools of specialties designed for one to four years of study. The following professional organization has been introduced

training: one day - at school, four days at the enterprise.

In secondary vocational education, there has been a shift from narrow specialization to

broad qualifications covering several specialties.

Training is paid for by enterprises at the expense of their own funds and state subsidies.

AT Japan institutions of higher education are

universities, as well as junior and technical colleges. Universities give

First of all, academic education. Junior and technical colleges

Much attention is paid to professional and practical activities.

The considered systems of education in Russia, the USA, Germany and

Japan is certainly similar - the upbringing of a personality, a developed personality. Education in these countries is designed to give children the knowledge, skills and abilities for later life in society.

STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION "ORYOL STATE UNIVERSITY"

FACULTY OF PHILOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF JOURNALISM AND CO

abstract

"Education systems in different countries of the world"

UK classical education

United Kingdomrightfully has a reputation as a country of high-quality classical education, the history of which goes back more than one hundred years. The issued diplomas are quoted all over the world.

The UK has an extensive system that allows you to get a good education and training at any level. There are about 30,000 schools in the country, of which 2,500 are private, and more than 170 institutions of higher education. One of the traditions of the country is the openness of the education system for foreigners. Of the 2 million students, 214 thousand are people who have come from abroad. According to the British Council, as of September 12, 2001, 13,400 Russian citizens were educated in various educational institutions in the UK. Of these, 1360 people are university students.

The education system is built in such a way that a foreigner can "enter" it at almost any stage. But the requirements are high and it is not easy to do so. In addition, it should be taken into account that the Russian matriculation certificate is not recognized as equivalent to the British one (to obtain it, one must study in a Russian school for 11 years, and in a British one - 13).

Schools. English children start school at age 5 and graduate at 16, receiving a certificate of secondary education (General Certificate of Secondary Education, GCSE). Until the age of 14, they study basic general education subjects according to the mandatory unified state program. Then, within two years, there is preparation for passing the GCSE exams in 6-10 subjects. After passing these examinations, the compulsory secondary education program is considered completed. But this is not enough to enter the university. It is necessary to study for two more years on the A-level program, which provides for in-depth study of three to six subjects. The results of the A-level exams serve both the British and foreigners as a "start in life" for continuing their education: according to the competition of certificates, you can enter a university.

In order for a child from Russia to receive a quality English education, it would be nice to start right with an English school. More than 90% of secondary schools in the UK are public and free. However, as a rule, foreigners are not accepted there, so it remains to enter a private school. Although they are attended by only about 6% of all students, private schools provide about 50% of those entering the elite Oxford and Cambridge. In general, 90% of graduates of English private schools easily enter the leading universities in the UK, USA, Canada. Private schools accept foreigners aged 8 to 18 years old, boarding schools - from 7 to 16 years old.

Colleges. English youth receives secondary and special education in colleges. They also accept foreigners. You can also enter an English college after graduating from a Russian school. Colleges provide vocational training and are an intermediate step between school and university.

College curricula are focused primarily on practical training for professional activities. But increasingly, they are also used for university preparation, and the highest of the qualifications they assign is equivalent to the A-level matriculation certificate. In fact, these colleges allow students to complete a two-year A-level program at an accelerated pace - in a year.

Foundation preparatory courses operate on the basis of a number of British colleges and universities. Their duration is one year, the program includes an in-depth study of the English language and basic majors.

Universities. Higher education institutions in the UK are divided into three types. There are colleges (Colleges of Higher Education), which, like universities, award academic degrees (only bachelor's level) and issue diplomas of higher education. But unlike universities, they are highly specialized educational institutions in areas such as painting and design, music, theater arts, and education. There are polytechnic institutes where engineering specialties are usually acquired. There are university colleges, which, as a rule, are part of universities. Finally, there are classical universities, which, as before, remain centers of academic education and scientific work.

language schools. In the UK, there are about 1,500 educational institutions teaching English to foreigners, about 800 of them are private specialized language schools. Over 370 schools are accredited by the British Council, which means that they meet strict quality standards and are recommended for international students.

Irish education system

There are more than 3,000 primary, over 800 secondary, more than 150 language schools, 14 institutes of technology, several private pedagogical and business colleges, and seven universities in Ireland.

All educational institutions are controlled at the state level by special bodies that monitor the compliance of the educational process with accepted standards.

Rich traditions and high quality of education, the opportunity to earn money legally attract many foreigners to Ireland. Over 150,000 students come to Irish language schools alone every year. The share of students from abroad in Irish universities varies from five to ten percent, depending on the institution.

Secondary schools in Ireland are public and private, mixed and separate, day and boarding schools. Most secondary schools in Ireland are private. Children from abroad are accepted in both private and public schools. In the latter case, the fee is very moderate and lower than in private schools. After 6-8 years of primary school, there is usually a test of general development and knowledge of the main subjects of the school curriculum. At the age of 12, an Irish child goes to high school, where he studies English and Irish, mathematics, economics and science for six years.

Those wishing to receive higher education must spend an additional three years at school. Over the past two years, Irish schoolchildren have been studying 6-8 subjects, in which they take exams for a certificate of complete secondary education - Leaving Certificate.

For Russian schoolchildren boarding schools available already at the age of 9-12 years.

Colleges. The specificity of Ireland lies in the fact that colleges and universities in its educational system are not separated, believing that together they form the so-called "third level". Therefore, many undergraduate programs are organized on the basis of colleges.

Vocational education is available from institutes of technology and private independent colleges. They can study information technology, hotel management, accounting and other areas of applied nature.

Universities. There are seven universities in Ireland, and most of them are built according to the classical model, i.e. offer bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees in a wide range of disciplines.

Scientific research is actively conducted on the basis of universities. The Advanced Technologies Program finances scientific projects in the field of biotechnology, optoelectronics, information technology and telecommunications.

Colleges of Education train primary school teachers. In them, in three years, you can get a bachelor's degree. High school teaching requires a university degree or diploma, so many colleges are either affiliated with Irish universities or enter into agreements with them.

The second option is the preparatory departments (Foundation), which first appeared in Ireland not so long ago. This program is accredited by the NCEA and is recognized by both Irish and foreign educational institutions.

language schools. The backbone of Irish education is made up of schools that are members of the MEI-RELSA (Marketing English in Ireland - Recognized English Language Schools Association), created to strengthen the prestige of Irish education abroad. Quality control and accreditation of schools is carried out by the Advisory Council for English Language Schools (ACELS).

By the number of higher educational institutions, and consequently, the number of students receiving education in them, the United States ranks first in the world. More than 15 million people study in American universities, 500 thousand of which are foreigners. They are attracted by a high standard of living, a huge selection of study programs, and a decent quality of academic training.

Education in the USA

educational training college university

It is believed that the United States is the best option for master's and doctoral studies. Many American universities play a leading role in research projects of international importance. Their level is determined by an excellent laboratory and technical base, easy access to all conceivable sources (scientific periodicals, library collections, etc.) and the availability of world-famous teachers.

Schools. American children go to school at age 6 and study until the age of 18, i.e. 12 years. Schools are divided into public and private. Due to the lack of a unified national curriculum, graduates of secondary schools have different levels of training. The best knowledge is received by students of prestigious private boarding schools.

Preparation for entering the university is carried out in the senior classes of the American high school, where a wide range of general subjects is studied - English and foreign languages, history, natural sciences, etc. Many private schools offer an International Baccalaureate program as an alternative.

Colleges. A characteristic feature of the American education system is the developed college system. There are more than 3,000 colleges in the United States, which are divided into several main types: two-year technical, community and four-year colleges, which are equated in status with universities. The latter can be both independent institutions of higher education, as well as be part of other universities.

Foreigners often prefer Community Colleges because they are easier to get into. These educational institutions not only teach professions, but also offer academic training programs corresponding to the first two years of university. Typically, local colleges have agreements with public universities in their state to transfer students.

Universities. American universities are divided into private and public. Both can be of different levels: along with the brilliant Yale and Harvard, there are a number of small and unremarkable educational institutions. Science course they are much cheaper, but the diploma is quoted much lower.

Obtaining a bachelor's degree provides for four years of study. The curricula of American universities are distinguished by the ability to combine elective subjects as widely as possible.

Foreign students prefer to study business administration, management, economics, i.е. disciplines in which Americans are undisputed world leaders. The MBA programs of American business schools are very popular.

Language classes. One of the main requirements for those who are going to study in the USA is an excellent knowledge of English. You will have to take the TOEFL test of English as a foreign language, and it requires a lot of specific preparation. The test is aimed at testing the ability to understand oral and written speech, formulate one's thoughts and write an essay. Usually for admission to the university you need to score 550-600 points.

All major international linguistic centers - LAL, Aspect, EF, International House, Regent, etc. - have their branches in different regions of the United States. Many branded language programs provide for a combination of study with relaxation in American resorts.

Education system of Canada

Canada is one of the states whose diplomas are quoted all over the world. This is not surprising: Canada spends more money on the development of the education system than many other developed countries.

Canada is one of the world leaders in the field of high technologies, aerospace industry, microelectronics. As a result, all these areas are taught here at a very high level. Canadian engineering education, as well as programs in business and natural sciences, enjoy a good reputation. Diplomas from Canadian educational institutions are recognized all over the world. All these advantages attract over 100,000 international students to Canada every year.

Since there are two foreign languages in Canada - English and French, a foreign student can study at a university where teaching is conducted in any of them. English is more widely spoken (in Quebec - French).

Among Canadian educational institutions there are both public and private ones. The quality of education they provide is about the same. But the content of curricula in a particular province may vary somewhat, because. According to the Canadian constitution, education is the responsibility of local authorities.

Schools. More than 5 million students study in Canadian schools. For foreigners - education is paid. The amount of payment is determined by the educational institution itself. Private schools offer paid programs. The choice of such schools is very large - with separate or joint education for boys and girls, with full board or only daytime education.

There are relatively few private schools in Canada and they have a rather high competition. On average, private boarding schools are better equipped than public ones. Graduates of well-known Canadian private schools easily enter the leading Canadian universities in the UK, USA and Canada.

Children go to first grade at the age of 6. Education in primary and secondary schools is conducted in one of the official languages of the country - English or French. In most provinces, a complete secondary education that opens the way to a university takes 12 years, then those who want to prepare for entering the university study for another 2 years at the preparatory department at the college.

Colleges. There are about 175 public and private colleges in Canada. Approximately 300,000 people study in the vocational education system. The quality of education is monitored by representatives of the ACCC (Association of Canadian Community Colleges).

Canadian colleges are divided into community, technical and already mentioned colleges of the CEGEP system. The main task of colleges is to prepare professional personnel for industry and business. In particular, technical colleges are something like Russian vocational schools, whose students receive a profession in a short time. Typically, college students study for two years, and most of the study time is spent not in classrooms, but in laboratories and workshops. At the end of the students are waiting for certificates and professional diplomas.

Many colleges have bachelor's degree programs with universities. Graduates of such a college are enrolled immediately in the second year of the partner university.

Universities. There are no private higher education institutions in Canada (with the exception of a few closed religious universities), all of which are financed by two-thirds from the state budget and public funds. All universities are members of the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC).

Canadian universities are equipped with modern material and technical equipment and have good libraries. The strength of Canadian higher education is the close connection between science and practice. University clinics are considered the best in the country, business schools are actively involved in advising entrepreneurs and taxpayers. According to official statistics, Canadian university science creates 150,000-200,000 jobs in the country every year.

In total, more than 1.5 million students study at Canadian universities, including about 30 thousand foreigners. Students from abroad make up approximately 5% of the total number of students. But among graduates of such educational institutions as Windsor University and New Brunswick University, one in four is a foreigner.

Study in Australia

Australia in recent decades has become one of the leaders in the international educational market. Education on the "green continent" has many advantages: English as the state language, a high standard of living, the opportunity to enjoy all the delights of a warm climate all year round. Therefore, more than 160 thousand students from abroad come to this country every year.

Today in Australia there are about 10 thousand schools, more than 300 public colleges and 40 universities, two of which are private. All educational institutions - both public and private - are under the control of the Ministry of Education, comply with state standards and guarantee the high quality of education.

The education system varies from state to state. On average, Australian children go to school from the age of 6. Until the age of 12 they study at the first stage, until the age of 16 - at the second stage, until the age of 18 - at the third stage of secondary education. In general, it is designed for 12 years, which is why the Russian certificate of secondary education is not recognized as equivalent to the Australian one.

There are not so many foreign students in Australia - they make up about 5% (about 15 thousand). Boarding schools are the most suitable for children coming to Australia from abroad. The vast majority of foreign students are concentrated in the last two graduating classes. Their goal is to get an Australian Higher School Certificate and go to university on a regular basis.

A foreigner who wants to get an Australian education must provide completed questionnaires, a certificate of grades in a Russian school, and pass an English language test. The most prestigious schools sometimes also require tests in core subjects.

Colleges. Australian colleges provide vocational training in a wide range of areas. Colleges are divided into public and private. State, united in the TAFE (Technical and Further Education) system, are considered more prestigious.

The typical set of college offerings includes a program in business, management, marketing, accounting, information technology, secretarial science, design, tourism and hospitality management. Training has a pronounced practical orientation. In a number of specialties, you can get an internship (most often paid).

Universities. Australian universities are leaders in the Pacific region, their diplomas are recognized all over the world. More than 680 thousand students study at the country's universities. The list of only bachelor's programs includes more than 2000 positions.

For foreign applicants there are preparatory courses (Foundation). They are calculated on average for 24 weeks of training. Successful completion of the Foundation program guarantees a place in the first year.

New Zealand education system

Until 1907, New Zealand remained a British colony, so the English influence is felt here in everything, even in the education system built on the British model.

Foreigners like to study in this country. Every year about 30 thousand students from abroad come here. In New Zealand, they are attracted by safety, a high standard of living and excellent ecology.

Schools. There are about 440 schools in New Zealand, about 20 of which are private. As in many European countries, schools are divided into separate (only for girls or only for boys) and joint type. Most of them are state-owned, therefore, free, but they, as a rule, do not accept foreigners. Along with the state ones, there are private schools - boarding houses, access to which is also open to schoolchildren from abroad. These schools offer foreigners a very good education and basic training, with which you can easily enter the best universities in English-speaking countries.

They usually go to school from the age of 5-6. Education in elementary school lasts 8 years - from the first to the eighth grade. At the age of 13, children move on to one of the secondary schools, sometimes referred to as "colleges" or "high schools". In grades 9-13, children are prepared to enter the university and polytechnic institutes. In the upper grades, students will have to choose 6 major subjects. The full list of disciplines includes up to 30 positions and is approved by the New Zealand Organization for the Recognition of Qualifications (NZQA).

At the end of grade 11, students who have successfully passed the exams receive a certificate of secondary education. The 12th grade ends with the exams for the Sixth Form Certificate, and at the end of the 13th grade, students take final exams, which are also entrance exams to universities. At these exams - in fact, they are an analogue of the British A-level - knowledge is tested in 4-6 major subjects.

Colleges. Vocational and technical educational institutions - "polytechs" are very popular among the youth of New Zealand. They offer professional qualifications or a bachelor's degree.

The course lasts from six months to two years. Classes are held in small groups. After passing each stage, the student receives the appropriate document: a certificate, a professional diploma or a bachelor's degree (the latter is issued after the completion of a three-year program). The programs are designed in such a way that students, after studying for one year, can immediately go to the second year of the university that has partnerships with the institute.

In addition to traditional programs in hotel management, tourism, information technology, some educational institutions offer less common options. For example, at the Eastern Technological Institute, you can take the course "Viticulture and winemaking."

Universities. The total number of students in New Zealand universities exceeds 110 thousand, 3-10% are foreigners. The first universities in New Zealand emerged about a century and a half ago. The British model was adopted as the basis for their creation.

Since the duration of education in a Russian secondary school does not correspond to that accepted in New Zealand, it is still impossible to enter a university in this country with a Russian matriculation certificate. As a rule, applicants need to complete one or two courses at a Russian university or study in another city in New Zealand - at the preparatory department or at a vocational educational institution. Another way is to complete a New Zealand high school.

Tuition fees in New Zealand are significantly lower than in Europe and Australia. At the same time, diplomas from New Zealand universities are recognized in most countries of the world (70% of graduates work outside New Zealand). Anyone who likes life in New Zealand has the opportunity, after three years of study, to obtain permission to stay here to work in the acquired specialty for a period of up to two years.

Language classes. In New Zealand, there are both language centers organized at schools and universities, as well as separate private language schools. In New Zealand language schools, English + sports programs have become widespread. The variety of sports that can be practiced in New Zealand all year round is amazing: skiing, scuba diving, climbing, sailing, golf, horse riding.

STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION "ORYOL STATE UNIVERSITY"

FACULTY OF PHILOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF JOURNALISM AND CO

abstract

"Education systems in different countries of the world"

UK classical education

Irish education system

All educational institutions are controlled at the state level by special bodies that monitor the compliance of the educational process with accepted standards.

Schools. The Irish receive primary education from 4-6 years. The National Curriculum, culminating in a certificate of secondary education, is designed for 12-14 years of study, depending on the age at which the child started school. Some private schools offer the International Baccalaureate and British A-levels.

For Russian schoolchildren boarding schools available already at the age of 9-12 years.

Education in the USA

educational training college university

Obtaining a bachelor's degree provides for four years of study. The curricula of American universities are distinguished by the ability to combine elective subjects as widely as possible.

The second stage of higher education is master's programs, designed for an average of two years. Their students make up about 52% of foreigners studying in the USA.

Education system of Canada

Many colleges have bachelor's degree programs with universities. Graduates of such a college are enrolled immediately in the second year of the partner university.

Study in Australia

Schools. Public schools make up 71%, the rest are private. By type, schools are divided into joint, only for boys and only for girls.

New Zealand education system

Until 1907, New Zealand remained a British colony, so the English influence is felt here in everything, even in the education system built on the British model.

Foreigners like to study in this country. Every year about 30 thousand students from abroad come here. In New Zealand, they are attracted by safety, a high standard of living and excellent ecology.

Colleges. Vocational and technical educational institutions - "polytechs" are very popular among the youth of New Zealand. They offer professional qualifications or a bachelor's degree.

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On the first of September the whole world opened the school doors. Numerous streams of students rushed to their classes, friends, teachers. In our country, we often hear dissatisfied speeches about domestic education. Yes, the Russian education system does not occupy a leading position in the world rankings, occupying 34 positions. I wonder how training is organized in countries higher than us?

30th place. China

On the 30th place is the Chinese education system. For the average Chinese, getting an education opens up great opportunities. Most of them strive to enter universities, where the number of applicants for one place can exceed two hundred.

The academic year is 11 months, so in the summer the children continue to study, going on vacation only in August. However, the vacation period is not for idleness. August is dedicated to self-training, accompanied by a large number of preschools.

School classes are held from 8:00 to 16:00. But after 16:00 rest does not come: students will have additional classes until nine in the evening. To withstand such a load, especially for kids, is quite difficult. Therefore, in elementary school, daytime sleep is practiced - at noon. Usually, a separate room is allocated for rest, but if it is absent, then the children are located in their “working” places - on the desks.

Russian schoolchildren are accustomed to complaining about the psychological discomfort caused by the exam. This is probably because they did not compare themselves to their Chinese peers. Failure at Gaokao (the USE in our country) is akin to a betrayal of the family - examinees in China experience such a responsibility.

20th place. Japan

According to tradition, in Japan, children under 6 years old are pampered, literally everything is allowed. Freedom ends after entering a 12-year school. The process of annual training is divided into three semesters, after each exams are taken. Breaks between semesters are devoted to preparing for examinations.

School age starts at 6 years old. The main requirements for them are diligence and discipline.

17th place. France

French babies are probably the luckiest. They study only four days a week, getting an extra day off on Wednesday. Evaluation is carried out from 1 to 20 points. To score 15 points means to do the work in good faith, and above 17 points - to show a creative approach. Schoolchildren should carry out all big changes in the air, not lingering in classrooms or corridors.

Secondary education can be obtained by studying at a college or lyceum.

6th place. Finland

Education in Finland is considered the most effective. The main condition of the system is the equality of everyone and everything. For example, all schools have the same base, any subject chosen by a child is important, there are no bad and good teachers among students and teachers - they are just different.

The individuality of the child is put at the forefront: if he is not strong in mathematics, no one will make him a great techie: they will help him reorient himself in specialization. The education system in Finland is called the "Finnish miracle". Children learn without infringement of the nervous system, relaxed, absorbing knowledge according to their desires, capabilities and abilities. In addition, schools do not require uniforms, and lessons are held in a free format.

1st place. USA

The process of education in the United States is recognized as the most democratic. High school students, called students, gain points in several areas: exact, humanitarian, natural and others. The task of training is to gain as much knowledge as possible in the chosen specialization. Items that are not related to the student's future profession are simply ignored.

In addition to a clear focus, deepening in the “necessary and useful” sciences does not exclude the existence of strict, and even unusual rules in schools, for example:

to visit the toilet during the lesson, you need to get a pass card from the teacher and put a mark on it from the adult on duty for the toilet;
movement along the corridor takes place along clearly defined lanes;
You can leave the building only in special cases.

But the atmosphere of classes is free and direct!

Portal for the student. Self-training