Childhood and youth Valentina Tereshkova was born in the village of Bolshoye Maslennikovo, Yaroslavl Region, into a peasant family of immigrants from Belarus. Father is a tractor driver, mother is a textile factory worker. Drafted into the Red Army in 1939, Valentina's father died in the Soviet-Finnish War. In 1945, the girl entered secondary school No. 32 in the city of Yaroslavl, from which she graduated from seven classes in 1953. To help the family, in 1954, Valentina went to work at the Yaroslavl Tire Plant as a bracelet maker, at the same time enrolling in evening classes at a school for working youth. Since 1959, she went in for parachuting at the Yaroslavl flying club (performed 90 jumps). Continuing to work at the Krasny Perekop textile mill, from 1955 to 1960, Valentina took part-time education at the technical school of light industry. From August 11, 1960, the released secretary of the Komsomol committee of the Krasny Perekop plant.

In the cosmonaut corps After the first successful flights of Soviet cosmonauts, Sergei Korolev had the idea to launch a woman cosmonaut into space. At the beginning of 1962, the search for applicants began according to the following criteria: a parachutist, under the age of 30, up to 170 centimeters tall and weighing up to 70 kilograms. Five of the hundreds of candidates were selected: Zhanna Yorkina, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Valentina Ponomaryova, Irina Solovyova and Valentina Tereshkova. Immediately after being accepted into the cosmonaut corps, Valentina Tereshkova, along with the rest of the girls, was called up for urgent military service with the rank of privates.

Training Valentina Tereshkova was enlisted in the cosmonaut corps on March 12, 1962 and began to be trained as a student-cosmonaut of the 2nd corps. On November 29, 1962, she passed the final exams in the OKP with "excellent". Since December 1, 1962, Tereshkova has been a cosmonaut of the 1st detachment of the 1st department. From June 16, 1963, that is, immediately after the flight, she became an instructor-cosmonaut of the 1st detachment and was in this position until March 14, 1966. During the training, she underwent training on the body's resistance to the factors of space flight. The trainings included a thermal chamber, where it was necessary to be in a flight suit at a temperature of +70 ° C and a humidity of 30%, a soundproof chamber, a room isolated from sounds, where each candidate had to spend 10 days.

Zero gravity training was carried out on the MiG-15. When performing a special aerobatics of a parabolic slide, weightlessness was established inside the aircraft for 40 seconds, and there were 34 such sessions per flight. During each session, it was necessary to complete the next task: write a first and last name, try to eat, talk on the radio. Particular attention was paid to parachute training, since the cosmonaut ejected and landed separately on a parachute just before landing. Since there was always a risk of splashdown of the descent vehicle, training was also carried out on parachute jumps into the sea, in a technological, that is, not fitted to size, spacesuit.

Election Initially, the simultaneous flight of two female crews was supposed, but in March 1963 this plan was abandoned and the task of choosing one of five candidates became. When choosing Tereshkova for the role of the first female cosmonaut, in addition to successful training, political issues were also taken into account: Tereshkova was from a family of workers. In addition, Tereshkova's father, Vladimir, died during the Soviet-Finnish war when she was two years old. After the flight, when Tereshkova was asked how the Soviet Union could thank her for her service, she asked to find the place where her father was killed. At the time of Tereshkova's appointment as the pilot of Vostok-6, she was 10 years younger than Gordon Cooper, the youngest of the first detachment of American astronauts.

Flight on Vostok-6 She made her space flight (the world's first flight of a female cosmonaut) on June 16, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft, it lasted almost three days. At the same time, the Vostok-5 spacecraft, piloted by cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky, was in orbit. On the day of the first flight into space, she told her family that she was leaving for the paratrooper competition, they learned about the flight from the news on the radio.

During the training of female cosmonaut candidates on projectiles and in flight on airplanes, it was found that in women in a certain period of the monthly life cycle, the physiological resistance to the action of extreme space flight factors sharply decreases. But V. Yadzovsky notes that "V.V. Tereshkova, according to telemetry and television control, endured the flight mostly satisfactorily. Negotiations with ground communication stations were sluggish. She sharply limited her movements. She sat almost motionless. She clearly noted shifts in state of health of a vegetative nature.

Despite physical discomfort, she survived 48 revolutions around the Earth and spent almost three days in space, where she kept a logbook and took photographs of the horizon, which were later used to detect aerosol layers in the atmosphere. The Vostok-6 descent vehicle landed safely in the Bayevsky district of the Altai Territory.

Career in the detachment after the flight on April 30, 1997, instructor-cosmonaut of the cosmonaut detachment of the 1st Department of the 1st Directorate of the group of orbital ships and stations, instructor-cosmonaut-test of the group of orbital manned complexes of general and special purposes, 1st group of the cosmonaut detachment. Tereshkova remained in the detachment, and in 1982 she could even be appointed commander of the female crew of the Soyuz spacecraft. On April 30, 1997, Tereshkova left the detachment of the last of the 1962 women's recruitment due to reaching the age limit. Since 1997, she has been a senior researcher at the Cosmonaut Training Center.

Interesting facts After performing a space flight, Tereshkova entered and graduated with honors from the Air Force Engineering Academy. N. E. Zhukovsky, became a candidate of technical sciences, professor, author of more than 50 scientific papers. On January 22, 1969, she was in a car fired upon by officer Viktor Ilyin during the assassination attempt on Brezhnev. Not hurt.

Ranks Qualification Since June 16, 1963 cosmonaut of the 3rd class. Sports achievements 1st category in parachuting. June 19, 1963 Honored Master of Sports of the USSR. Military ranks December 15, 1962 junior lieutenant. June 16, 1963 lieutenant. June 16, 1963 Capt. January 9, 1965 major. October 14, 1997 lieutenant colonel. April 30, 1970 colonel engineer, since 1975 colonel engineer major general. Since April 30, 1997, he has been retired.

Awards of Russia and the USSR Monument to Valentina Tereshkova on the Alley of Cosmonauts in Moscow Hero of the Soviet Union (June 22, 1963) Order of Merit for the Fatherland, II degree (March 6, 2007) for outstanding contribution to the development of national cosmonautics Order of Merit for the Fatherland, III degree (March 6, 1997) for services to the state and a great personal contribution to the development of national cosmonautics Order of Honor (June 10, 2003) for a great contribution to the development and strengthening of international scientific, cultural and public relations Two Orders of Lenin (June 22, 1963 and May 6, 1981) for successful activities in the development and strengthening of ties with the progressive public and peace-loving forces of foreign countries (second) Order of the October Revolution (December 1, 1971) Order of the Red Banner of Labor (March 5, 1987) for social activities Order of Friendship of Peoples Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR VDNKh State Gold Medal Prize of the Russian Federation for outstanding achievements in the field of humanitarian activity in 2008 a (June 4, 2009) Certificates of Merit from the Government of the Russian Federation

Presentation on the topic "Valentina Tereshkova" on astronomy in powerpoint format. This presentation for schoolchildren tells about the first woman who has been in space.

Fragments from the presentation

• Valentina Tereshkova was born on March 6, 1937 in the village of Bolshoe Maslennikovo, Yaroslavl Region, into a peasant family of immigrants from Belarus. Father is a tractor driver, mother is a textile factory worker. Drafted into the Red Army in 1939, Valentina's father died in the Soviet-Finnish War.
• In 1945, the girl entered secondary school No. 32 in the city of Yaroslavl, from which she graduated from seven classes in 1953. To help the family, in 1954, Valentina went to work at the Yaroslavl Tire Plant as a bracelet maker, at the same time enrolling in evening classes at a school for working youth. Since 1959, she went in for parachuting at the Yaroslavl flying club (performed 90 jumps). Continuing to work at the Krasny Perekop textile mill, from 1955 to 1960, Valentina took part-time education at the technical school of light industry.
• After the first successful flights of Soviet cosmonauts, Sergei Korolev had the idea to launch a female cosmonaut into space. At the beginning of 1962, the search for applicants began according to the following criteria: a parachutist, under the age of 30, up to 170 centimeters tall and weighing up to 70 kilograms. Five of the hundreds of candidates were selected: Zhanna Yorkina, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Valentina Ponomaryova, Irina Solovyova and Valentina Tereshkova.
• Valentina Tereshkova was enrolled in the cosmonaut corps on March 12, 1962 and began to be trained as a student-cosmonaut of the 2nd detachment. On November 29, 1962, she passed the final exams in the OKP with "excellent". Since December 1, 1962, Tereshkova has been a cosmonaut of the 1st detachment of the 1st department. From June 16, 1963, that is, immediately after the flight, she became an instructor-cosmonaut of the 1st detachment and was in this position until March 14, 1966.
• During the training, she underwent training on the body's resistance to the factors of space flight. The trainings included a thermal chamber, where it was necessary to be in a flight suit at a temperature of +70 ° C and a humidity of 30%, a sound chamber - a room isolated from sounds, where each candidate had to spend 10 days.
• Zero gravity training was carried out on the MiG-15. When performing a special aerobatics maneuver - a parabolic slide - weightlessness was established inside the aircraft for 40 seconds, and there were 3-4 such sessions per flight. During each session, it was necessary to complete the next task: write a first and last name, try to eat, talk on the radio.
• Particular attention was paid to parachute training, since the cosmonaut ejected and landed separately on a parachute just before landing. Since there was always a risk of splashdown of the descent vehicle, training was also carried out on parachute jumps into the sea, in a technological, that is, not fitted to size, spacesuit.
• Initially, the simultaneous flight of two female crews was supposed, but in March 1963 this plan was abandoned, and the task of choosing one of five candidates became.
• When choosing Tereshkova for the role of the first female cosmonaut, in addition to successful training, political issues were also taken into account: Tereshkova was from workers, while, for example, Ponomaryova and Solovyov were from employees. In addition, Tereshkova's father, Vladimir, died during the Soviet-Finnish War when she was two years old. After the flight, when Tereshkova was asked how the Soviet Union could thank her for her service, she asked to find the place where her father was killed.
• She made her space flight (the world's first flight of a female cosmonaut) on June 16, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft, it lasted almost three days. At the same time, the Vostok-5 spacecraft, piloted by cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky, was in orbit.
• At the time of Tereshkova's appointment as the pilot of Vostok-6, she was 10 years younger than Gordon Cooper, the youngest of the first detachment of American astronauts.
• On the day of the first flight into space, she told her family that she was leaving for the paratrooper competition, they learned about the flight from the news on the radio.
• A few days after the flight, Valentina Tereshkova was protested in connection with the violation of the regime in the area of ​​​​the landing site: she distributed food supplies from the astronauts' diet to local residents, while she herself ate local food.
• She was married to Andrian Nikolaev, the wedding took place on November 3, 1963, Khrushchev himself was among the guests. Until her divorce from Nikolaev in 1982, Tereshkova bore the double surname of Nikolaeva-Tereshkova. The second husband - Yuli Shaposhnikov - died in 1999.
• Children: On June 8, 1964, daughter Elena Andriyanovna was born: the first child, both whose father and mother were astronauts.

• After performing a space flight, Tereshkova entered and graduated with honors from the Air Force Engineering Academy. N. E. Zhukovsky, became a candidate of technical sciences, professor, author of more than 50 scientific papers.
• On January 22, 1969, she was in a car fired upon by officer Viktor Ilyin during the assassination attempt on Brezhnev. Not hurt.
• She is the only woman on Earth to have made a solo space flight. All subsequent female astronauts flew into space only as part of crews.
• After Tereshkova saw all the continents of the Earth from space, she began to dream of visiting Australia. After many years, she managed to fulfill her dream.

Merit recognition

• A crater on the Moon and a minor planet 1671 Chaika (Tereshkova's call sign during flights) are named after her.
• She was given the honorary title "The Greatest Woman of the 20th Century".
• The embankment in Evpatoria is named after her.
• Streets in Vitebsk, Volokolamsk, Grodno, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Klin, Korolev, Lipetsk, Mytishchi, Ardatov, Novosibirsk (Akademgorodok), Novocheboksarsk, Odessa, Orenburg, Yaroslavl, Krasnoyarsk and other cities are named after her. An avenue in the city of Gudermes (Chechen Republic) is named after her. A square in Tver is named after her.
• School number 32 of the city of Yaroslavl, where she studied, is named after her.
• Museum of V. V. Tereshkova "Cosmos" a few kilometers from her native village.
• There are 2 monuments to Tereshkova: on the Alley of Cosmonauts in Moscow and in the Baevsky district of the Altai Territory, on the territory of which she landed. It is also planned to erect a monument in the homeland of Tereshkova in Yaroslavl.
• In 1983, a commemorative coin with the image of V. Tereshkova was issued. Thus, Valentina Tereshkova became the only Soviet citizen whose portrait was placed on a Soviet coin during her lifetime.
• On April 7, 2011, the Planetarium was opened in Yaroslavl in honor of the first female cosmonaut V. Tereshkova.

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Slides captions:

"First to the Stars"

Tereshkova Valentina Vladimirovna The first woman cosmonaut.

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova - Soviet cosmonaut, the first woman cosmonaut of the Earth, Hero of the Soviet Union, major general.

Valentina Tereshkova Born on March 6, 1937, in the village of Bolshoye Maslennikovo, Yaroslavl Region, into a peasant family. As Valentina Vladimirovna herself said, in her childhood she spoke Belarusian with her relatives.

Father is a tractor driver, mother is a textile factory worker. In 1945, the girl entered secondary school No. 32 in the city of Yaroslavl, from which she graduated from seven classes in 1953. To help the family, in 1954, Valentina went to work at the Yaroslavl Tire Plant as a bracelet maker, at the same time enrolling in evening classes at a school for working youth.

Since 1959, she went in for parachuting at the Yaroslavl flying club (performed 90 jumps). Continuing to work at the Krasny Perekop textile mill, from 1955 to 1960, Valentina took part-time education at the technical school of light industry. From August 11, 1960 - the released secretary of the Komsomol committee of the Krasny Perekop plant.

In the cosmonaut corps

After the first successful flights of Soviet cosmonauts, Sergei Korolev had the idea to launch a female cosmonaut into space. At the beginning of 1962, the search for applicants began. Five of the hundreds of candidates were selected: Zhanna Yorkina, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Valentina Ponomaryova, Irina Solovyova and Valentina Tereshkova. Immediately after being accepted into the cosmonaut corps, Valentina Tereshkova was called up for urgent military service with the rank of privates. Sergei Korolev

Women's Cosmonaut Corps

Valentina Tereshkova was enrolled in the cosmonaut corps on March 12, 1962 and began to be trained as a student-cosmonaut of the 2nd detachment. On November 29, 1962, she passed her final exams with excellent marks. Since December 1, 1962, she has been a cosmonaut of the 1st detachment of the 1st department.

Zhanna Yorkina, Tatyana Kuznetsova, Valentina Ponomareva, Irina Solovyova and Valentina Tereshkova.

Valentina Tereshkova made her space flight (the world's first flight of a female cosmonaut) on June 16, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft, it lasted almost three days. At the same time, the Vostok-5 spacecraft, piloted by cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky (husband), was in orbit. On the day of the first flight into space, Valentina Tereshkova told her relatives that she was leaving for paratrooper competitions, they learned about the flight from the news on the radio. The descent vehicle "Vostok-6" landed safely in the Altai Territory. V. Bykovsky

East - 6

From April 30, 1969 - April 28, 1997 - instructor-test cosmonaut of the group of orbital manned complexes for general and special purposes, 1st group of the cosmonaut detachment. Tereshkova remained in the detachment, and in 1982 she could even be appointed commander of the female crew of the Soyuz spacecraft. On April 30, 1997, Tereshkova left the detachment due to reaching the age limit. Since 1997, she has been a senior researcher at the Cosmonaut Training Center.

After performing a space flight, Tereshkova entered and graduated with honors from the Air Force Engineering Academy. N. E. Zhukovsky, became a candidate of technical sciences, professor, author of more than 50 scientific papers.

Military rank December 15, 1962 - junior lieutenant June 16, 1963 - lieutenant June 16, 1963 - captain January 9, 1965 - major October 14, 1967 - lieutenant colonel April 30, 1970 - colonel engineer, since 1975 - colonel-engineer 1995 - major general C On April 30, 1997, he retired.

Interesting Facts

A crater on the Moon and the minor planet 1671 Chaika are named after her. She was given the honorary title "The Greatest Woman of the 20th Century". The embankment in Evpatoria is named after her.

Streets in Vitebsk, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Klin, Korolev, Lipetsk, Mytishchi, Ardatov, Odessa, and other cities are named after her. An avenue in the city of Gudermes is named after her.

School number 32 of the city of Yaroslavl, where she studied, is named after her. Museum of V. V. Tereshkova "Cosmos" near her native village.

In 1983, a commemorative coin with the image of V. Tereshkova was issued. Thus, Valentina Tereshkova became the only Soviet citizen whose portrait was placed on a Soviet coin during her lifetime.

Monument to Valentina Tereshkova in Moscow

slide 1

Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova

slide 2

Valentina Tereshkova
Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, Hero of the Soviet Union Colonel Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova. Born in 1937 in the village of Maslennikovo, Yaroslavl Region. Member of the CPSU.

slide 3

Childhood and youth
Father - Tereshkov Vladimir Aksenovich (1912-1940), tractor driver. He was drafted into the Red Army in 1939, died in the Soviet-Finnish war. Mother - Tereshkova (nee Kruglova) Elena Fedorovna (1913-1987), a textile factory worker. The family also had an older sister, Lyudmila, and a younger brother, Vladimir.

slide 4

Childhood and youth
In 1945, Valya entered secondary school No. 32 in the city of Yaroslavl. To help her family, in 1954, Valentina went to work at the Yaroslavl Tire Plant. She worked as a weaver at a technical fabrics factory, where her mother and older sister also worked. Since 1959 she has been skydiving. Passed distance learning at the technical school of light industry. From August 11, 1960 - the released secretary of the Komsomol committee of the Krasny Perekop plant.

slide 5

In the cosmonaut corps
After the first successful flights of Soviet cosmonauts, Sergei Korolev had the idea to launch a female cosmonaut into space. At the beginning of 1962, the search for applicants began according to the following criteria: a parachutist, under the age of 30, up to 170 cm tall and weighing up to 70 kg

slide 6

Slide 7

Flight preparation
Tereshkova was enrolled in the cosmonaut corps on March 12, 1962 and began to be trained as a student-cosmonaut of the 2nd detachment. During the training, she underwent training on the body's resistance to the factors of space flight.

Slide 8

Flight preparation
Zero gravity training was carried out on the MiG-15. When performing a parabolic slide, weightlessness was established inside the aircraft for 40 seconds, and there were 3-4 such sessions per flight. During each session, it was necessary to complete the next task: write a first and last name, try to eat, talk on the radio.

Slide 9

Election
When choosing Tereshkova for the role of the first female cosmonaut, in addition to successfully completing training, political issues were also taken into account: Tereshkova was from workers, while, for example, Ponomarev and Solovyov were from employees At the time of Tereshkova's appointment as a pilot of Vostok-6, she was 10 years younger than Gordon Cooper, the youngest of the first detachment of American astronauts.

Slide 10

Flight on Vostok-6
On the day of the first flight into space, she told her family that she was leaving for the paratrooper competition, they learned about the flight from the news on the radio.
Tereshkova made her space flight (the world's first flight of a female cosmonaut) on June 16, 1963 on the Vostok-6 spacecraft, it lasted almost three days. The launch took place at Baikonur.

slide 11

Flight on Vostok-6
Despite nausea and physical discomfort, Tereshkova survived 48 revolutions around the Earth and spent almost three days in space, where she kept a logbook and took photographs of the horizon, which were later used to detect aerosol layers in the atmosphere. The Vostok-6 descent vehicle landed safely in the Bayevsky district of the Altai Territory.

slide 12

Flight on Vostok-6
A few days later, Tereshkova was protested in connection with the violation of the regime in the area of ​​​​the landing site: she distributed food supplies from the astronauts' diet to local residents, and she herself ate local food after three days of starvation. According to pilot Marina Popovich, after Tereshkova’s flight, S.P. Korolev said: “As long as I am alive, not a single woman will fly into space anymore.”

"Valentina Tereshkova - the first woman cosmonaut"

Completed by the teacher of physics Kruglova E.V.

MOU secondary school №1

city ​​of Barysh

“On June 16, 1963, at 12:30 Moscow time in the Soviet Union, the Vostok-6 spacecraft was launched into the orbit of the Earth satellite, for the first time in the world piloted by a woman - a citizen of the Soviet Union, cosmonaut comrade Tereshkova Valentina Vladimirovna. Glory to our people - the patron of the expanses of the Universe!

So the whole world learned about the flight into space of a simple village girl.

Valentina was born on March 6, 1937 in the village of Maslennikovo, Yaroslavl Region. The Tereshkov family lived in poverty, starving. Father, Vladimir Aksenovich, died in the Finnish campaign on the Karelian Isthmus, and his wife, Elena Fedorovna, had to raise children alone - Luda, Valya and Volodya

Valentina fell ill with space when she found out about Gagarin's flight. Wrote an application to the cosmonaut corps. Five of the hundreds of candidates were selected:

Valentina Ponomareva

Valentina Tereshkova

Zhanna Yorkina

Tatyana Kuznetsova

Irina Solovyova

Then "Vostok -6" and start. No one has yet spoken to the cosmos so defiantly. "Hey, heaven, take off your hat, I'm coming to you" There was something exclusively feminine in this, before which all mankind took off their hats. She then had to overcome not only herself, but also stereotypes.

Her call sign "Seagull" is a beautiful bird. Free Bird.

2 days 22 hours 50 minutes

During this time, the astronaut made 48 orbits around the Earth, flying a total of approximately 1.97 million kilometers.

Tereshkova launched the era of "women's cosmonautics", she made a grandiose breakthrough, a heroic deed that became an example for all women in the world."

Valentina Vladimirovna is an honorary citizen of Russian and foreign cities:

Kaluga Yaroslavl (Russia) Karaganda (Kazakhstan) Vitebsk (Belarus) Montreux (Switzerland) Drancy (France) Montgomery (UK) Polizzi Generosa (Italy) Darkhan (Mongolia) Sofia Petrich Stara Zagora Pleven Varna (Bulgaria).

A crater on the Moon is named in her honor.

Minor planet 16-71 is also Chaika.

And she herself dreams of Mars.

"Mars is my favorite planet. Of course, our dream is to visit Mars, to find out if there was life there. But, unfortunately, we understand the human limit. The first, most likely, flights to Mars will be in one direction, I I think. But I'm ready."

Seagull is forever.

Proper name. It seems that if Chekhov wrote his "The Seagull" after Tereshkova, many would probably think so, that it was also in her honor. Although in this women's start there was just something Chekhovian. It marked the birth of a new theatre. A theater in which not all the main roles are male anymore ...