There are two types of secondary vocational education programs in Russia:

• basic level program
• advanced level program

It is possible to master training programs at both levels in colleges. In technical schools, specialties of secondary vocational education are realized only at the basic level.

Basic level program

It involves learning the necessary minimum knowledge in a particular specialty in accordance with established standards.

The term of study under the basic level program full-time on the basis of 11 classes ranges from 10 months to 2 years 10 months, depending on the profile of training. By part-time and extramural forms on the basis of 11 classes the duration of training is increased by 1 year. Based on 9 classes the term of study is from 2 years 10 months to 3 years 10 months, depending on the specialty.

Advanced Level Program

Studying in the specialties of secondary vocational education at an advanced level provides broader knowledge compared to the basic level in the same specialty. This program trains mid-level specialists, as well as the basic level program, but the graduate is awarded a higher qualification (“senior technician”) at the end, or the phrase “with advanced training” is added to the basic qualification.

A graduate who has completed advanced training receives a higher qualification or qualification with additional training in other areas. For example, a graduate in the specialty with basic training is awarded the qualification "Designer", and with in-depth training - "Designer, teacher".

The term of study under the advanced level program SVE increases by 1 year compared to the period of study in the basic level program.

In addition, the level of preparation may affect the period of study of an applicant with an SVE diploma at a university. As you know, graduates of colleges and technical schools can study at universities on reduced (accelerated) training programs. If you have a diploma of secondary vocational education at a basic level, the period of study will be reduced by a year, if you have a diploma of an advanced level of secondary vocational education - by two years.

The structure of secondary vocational education today plays a crucial role in the preparation of highly qualified workers.

The need for practitioners is increasing day by day. At the same time, with the development of the economy and production, the requirements for their professionalism and skill level are regularly increased.

The shortage of personnel increases interest in specialists of secondary vocational education. Positions that were previously considered non-prestigious are now increasingly in demand in the labor market. The issue of training personnel in these areas is becoming relevant. In this regard, specialized educational institutions that train middle-level personnel (colleges) still occupy a strong place in the Russian education system.

State institutions of secondary vocational education currently provide training in 280 different specialties. With the development and modification of production, this list is regularly growing and replenished.

Types of collaterals

Secondary vocational education can be implemented at two levels. There are beginner and advanced levels.

Today in the Russian Federation there are two types of educational institutions involved in the training of specialists in the field of vocational education of the second stage:

• technical school - the main type where students have the opportunity to receive a secondary vocational basic education;
• college - an institution of an advanced level where teaching is conducted according to in-depth programs (it can be a subordinate unit of a university or institute, or an independent structure).

Primary vocational education, in turn, can be obtained in lyceums and vocational schools (vocational schools). These educational institutions have different educational base.

A vocational lyceum differs from a college by a higher level of student preparation.

Upon graduation from an educational institution with in-depth teaching, the graduate is awarded the qualification "specialist", students of lyceums and schools - "entry-level specialist".

Secondary vocational education at the initial level

Secondary vocational institutions in the field of primary training include specialized lyceums and colleges.

The number of institutions with basic education in our country is about 4 thousand today. They are visited by more than 1.5 million teenagers.

Citizens who have received a vocational primary education have the right to continue their educational career in higher-level colleges under reduced programs.

Also, if necessary, students can obtain a certificate of general secondary education. To do this, you must pass the state exam, on the basis of which the corresponding document is issued.

Graduates who have received an entry-level secondary vocational education have the right to continue their educational career in technical schools, colleges, as well as in higher educational institutions.

Secondary vocational education of an advanced level

Those wishing to receive an advanced secondary education should choose not a lyceum, not a vocational school, but a college or technical school for admission.

In Russia, there are more than 2.5 thousand secondary schools with in-depth study, which are attended by about 2.3 million students.

Secondary specialized educational institutions receive an increased level due to the introduction of additional programs into the educational standards:

• professional practice;
• in-depth study of individual subjects and disciplines;
• obtaining an additional specialty in parallel with the main one.

Education in high-level colleges is as close as possible to university education. Students here have more classroom hours than in primary education institutions, pass exams and tests, write term papers and theses.

For example, students who have chosen a construction college, along with university graduates of the same direction, must submit and defend qualifying graduation projects related to specialized topics. The only difference is in the lower requirements for college students. Therefore, secondary educational institutions of an advanced level can be considered the lowest level of higher professional education.

Often colleges are a structural subdivision of the university and are under the authority of this educational institution. Students planning to continue their education in institutions of higher professional education should pay attention to this fact. Having a diploma from such a college, graduates have the right to receive specialized education at the university under reduced programs. This is a great advantage, as it makes it possible to shorten the term of study at the university, as well as to combine work and study.

Admission conditions

Persons who have received a basic general or secondary general education can enter colleges. This item is one of the main requirements.

Applicants of educational institutions of primary vocational education are exempted from passing mandatory entrance exams. For enrollment, you must submit the following documents:

• the original document on school education (grades 9 or 11);
• 4 photos (3 x 4);
• medical certificate;
• copies of passport and birth certificate;
• application addressed to the director for enrollment.

In some cases, upon admission to certain specialties of secondary vocational education, if necessary, an interview with the candidate is conducted at the discretion of the educational institution. The applicant may be asked to pass the written and the level of knowledge in school subjects. Similar requirements may also be imposed if the number of those wishing to study in this specialty exceeds the number of state-funded places. In such a situation, the competition is made on the basis of the average score of the certificate and the results of the tests passed.

Admission to institutions of secondary vocational education of an advanced level is carried out on a competitive basis on the basis of entrance examinations.

One of the main requirements for colleges is the availability of a license. Therefore, before submitting documents to both a public and a commercial institution, you should make sure that the institution has the appropriate document with the current validity period.

Students who need housing for the period of study are provided with a hostel.

Out of competition, the following categories of citizens are enrolled in colleges:

• orphans and children left without parental care;
• disabled children;
• persons of other categories, preferential admission of which is provided by the state.

With the development of modern information technologies, the process of submitting documents to secondary vocational schools is being modified and simplified. Many institutions are actively using Internet technologies to receive applications. Application forms are posted on the official website of the educational institution.

This method is convenient for both the applicant and the members of the selection committee. In order to apply, you must fill out a form on the website of the educational institution. The decision to participate in the competition is made remotely. The applicant submits the original documents after receiving a positive decision. Up to this point, his personal presence is optional.

Forms and duration of training

Secondary vocational education can be obtained in the following forms of education:

• full-time;
• part-time (evening);
• correspondence.

The term for obtaining initial vocational education is two to three years on the basis of nine grades and one to two years after eleven grades. Terms directly depend on the educational institution and the chosen specialty.

The duration of obtaining secondary advanced professional education is also determined by the level of training of students. For those who entered after the ninth grade, it ranges from three to four years. On the basis of eleven classes - from two to three years.

Document submission deadlines

Educational institutions have the right to set their own deadlines for the start of acceptance of documents. Usually the commission starts working in June, after the end of the final exams (but no later than the 20th), and accepts applications until the end of August (but no later than the 26th).

It should be borne in mind that the deadlines for applying for full-time and part-time, budgetary and contract forms of education may vary.

Educational standards

As a rule, the standards of secondary vocational education consist of two parts. The first is a federal program approved by the Ministry of Education. This document may be updated every year. General standards and requirements adopted in relation to secondary vocational schools are required to comply with all institutions of secondary vocational education.

The second is a program approved at the regional level. Therefore, people studying in the same type of educational institutions may study different subjects and have a different number of classroom hours.

Programs of secondary vocational education of an advanced level allow obtaining additional specialties on a budgetary or paid basis.

At the end of the training, students are required to pass. After successful completion, graduates are awarded a qualification. In case of a negative result, the student receives a certificate of completion of a course of study in this institution, indicating the period and number of classroom hours.

Persons who have not passed the final attestation are entitled to pass it the next year.

Financing

Students receiving secondary vocational education have the right to study at an educational institution free of charge.

Institutional graduates who have obtained an entry-level diploma and choose to continue their educational career at colleges or technical schools may also qualify for government funding.

Obtaining a second education in a secondary school of the same level is only paid.

In addition, lyceums and vocational schools in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities of Russia offer the possibility of contract training on a commercial basis.

Students studying on a budget receive a scholarship in the prescribed manner.

Specialties of secondary vocational education

For those who decide to get a humanitarian or technical education, the specialties, the list of which is approved for educational institutions by the Ministry of Education, provide an opportunity to master a worthy profession.

Secondary vocational educational institutions provide training in the following areas:

• agriculture and fisheries;
• medicine and health care;
• fuel and energy sector;
• production of food, beverages and tobacco products;
• production of textile products;
• manufacture of leather goods and footwear;
• woodworking;
• pulp and paper production;
• publishing and printing production, production of printed materials;
• production of oil products, gas and nuclear industry;
• chemical production;
• production of electrical equipment and optical equipment;
• machine production;
• production of rubber and plastic products;
• metallurgy;
• transport production;
• furniture manufacturing;
• jewelry;
• production of musical instruments;
• production of sporting goods;
• recycling;
• other productions;
• hotel and restaurant service;
• trade (wholesale and retail);
• logistics;
• construction;
• educational and pedagogical activity;
• medicine and health care;
• financial activities;
• Social sciencies;
• the property;
• natural Sciences;
• humanitarian sciences;
• Culture and art;
• economics and Management;
• Information Security;
• service;
• land management and geodesy;
• geology and minerals;
• aviation and rocket and space technology;
• marine technology;
• radio engineering;
• automation and control;
• informatics and computer engineering;
• timber processing;
• environmental protection and life safety.

The specialization of educational institutions is often associated with regional characteristics, the specifics of the economy and production in a particular region. In order to train qualified personnel, professional orientation of educational institutions is carried out.

Vocational school, technical school or college - what to give preference to?

The choice of an educational institution directly depends on your plans.

If after graduating from an educational institution you want to become a university student, a college with training in this specialty is most suitable (for example, for subsequent admission to a civil engineering university, you should choose a civil engineering college; in order to further master the profession of a doctor, a medical college, and so on).

You will receive a highly qualified working specialty in a specialized technical school.

In higher-level colleges, they also train middle-class intellectual workers - accountants, teachers of primary and secondary grades, auditors, as well as specialists in many other areas.

If you want to get a specialty in a short time, the secondary vocational education of the initial stage will be the best choice.

SPO and NGOs

More about suzes

• for state - GOU SPO;

You can enter a technical school on the basis of completed 9th and 11th grades of a general education school on the basis of sufficiently high results of the GIA and the Unified State Examination. Education takes about 3 years, some specialties are mastered in two.

Recently, students of technical schools have been granted a deferment from the army. The educational process in technical schools takes place in a format close to school.

1. Vocational school. Schools usually run NGO programs. They enter the school on the basis of 11 or 9 grades of a comprehensive school. The course of study at the school lasts from 6 to 36 months. The term depends on the specialty that the student receives. As part of the educational reform, vocational schools are massively reorganized into VPU, PL and PU (lyceums and varieties of schools). The renaming of institutions does not have a special effect on the quality of education and the learning process.

On forums dedicated to education, one can often come across the question: Secondary vocational education - what is it? In essence, secondary vocational education (SVE for short) is a “modernized” secondary specialized education that was part of the Soviet system of education. With the collapse of the USSR, some technical schools were renamed colleges, more than half of which were attached to various universities as structural units.

1. Colleges.

   These are colleges that implement the main programs of secondary vocational education at the levels of advanced and basic training.

1. The procedure for admission of applicants.

SPO Diploma

The format of diplomas of secondary vocational education periodically changes in accordance with the orders of the Ministry of Education and Science, while the level of protection against fakes is constantly increasing.

Soviet diplomas are valid.

On forums dedicated to education, one can often come across the question: Secondary vocational education - what is it? In essence, secondary vocational education (SVE for short) is a “modernized” secondary specialized education that was part of the Soviet system of education.

With the collapse of the USSR, some technical schools were renamed colleges, more than half of which were attached to various universities as structural units.

According to statistics, at least 20 million specialists officially employed in the Russian Federation have received SVE. Approximately half of these professionals are employed in the service and manufacturing sectors. Another 50% are knowledge workers: mid-level personnel of business structures, managers, personnel officers, accountants, auditors, etc.

The modern sphere of SVE is regulated by the new law on education, which came into force on 09/01/2013. Separately, it should be noted that primary and secondary vocational education are not the same thing.

The procedure for obtaining secondary vocational education

Persons with a level of education not lower than basic (9 grades of a general education school) or secondary general (11 grades) may be admitted to study under SVE programs. Programs of secondary vocational education, implemented on the basis of 9 grades, include disciplines of secondary general education. The development of such programs is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Standards for secondary vocational and secondary general education and taking into account the professional profile for which students are being trained.

Secondary vocational education can be obtained both in secondary specialized educational institutions (collegiate colleges) and at the first educational stage of universities.

Types of educational institutions where you can get SVE:

1. Colleges. These are colleges that implement the main programs of secondary vocational education at the levels of advanced and basic training.
2. Schools and technical schools. These are colleges in which training takes place in the main programs of primary vocational education, as well as secondary vocational education, but only at the level of basic training.

Admission to budget education under SVE programs is publicly available to all categories of citizens. However, there are such nuances:

1. Entrance tests are held for applicants if the professions they plan to master require specialists to have certain psychological or physical qualities.
2. Admission to training of citizens is carried out according to the results of their mastering various disciplines of the general education program, if the number of applicants for admission exceeds the number of budget places available in the college in this direction. The level of knowledge of applicants is determined by the marks recorded in the education documents they provided upon admission. Budgetary places are received by applicants with the highest grades and results of state exams.

Additional rules for the admission of applicants are annually developed and approved by each individual educational institution independently, but in in accordance with the norms of the legislation of the Russian Federation and FGOSTs.

1. The procedure for admission of applicants.
2. The procedure for admission to training on a paid basis.
3. A list of specialties with an indication of the forms of training for which admission is carried out.
4. Requirements for the level of education of applicants.
5. A list of entrance examinations indicating the categories of applicants who need to pass these examinations, and information on the forms of examinations.
6. Information about the procedure for accepting documents and applications for admission in electronic form. If this possibility is excluded, this is also indicated.
7. The order of admission for citizens with disabilities.

1. The total number of places for each of the educational programs being implemented, indicating the forms of education.
2. The number of budget places, indicating the forms of education.
3. The number of budget places in target areas, indicating the forms of education.
4. The number of paid places of study for each profile.
5. Rules for the consideration and submission of documents to contest the results of entrance examinations.
6. Full information about the hostel (if any).
7. Sample contract for applicants applying for training on a paid basis.

SPO Diploma

The format of diplomas of secondary vocational education periodically changes in accordance with the orders of the Ministry of Education and Science, while the level of protection against fakes is constantly increasing. Soviet diplomas are valid.

Modern rules for issuing diplomas and supplements to them:

So, the answer to the question: "What does secondary vocational education mean" is formulated as follows: "This means that a specialist has in-depth training in his profile and can hold all the main middle-level positions in production, in private firms or in state organizations."

Many applicants are interested in the difference between education that can be acquired at a college and education at a college or technical school. You will learn about all the subtleties from this material.

Very often on the Internet you can find questions from puzzled users:

• Technical school, college or college - which is more valued?
• Graduated from technical school. What kind of education is this?
• Technical school - what kind of education?
• After graduating from college, what kind of education?
• What is post-secondary education called?
• What level of specialist will I become after graduating from college?

The name of the institution, as a rule, does not affect the quality of education. Technical schools, colleges, schools belong to the same branch of the educational structure, and all have the status of colleges.

The structure of vocational education (excluding higher education)

To understand what kind of education they get in college, and what kind of education after technical school and find answers to questions like “School is what kind of education?” or “What kind of education does a technical school give?”, it is necessary to understand the structural model of this segment of vocational training.

• SPO, or secondary vocational education. In the process of training, mid-level specialists are trained who have in-depth knowledge in a particular professional field.
• NGOs. The abbreviation stands for: primary vocational education. You can enter the training on the basis of 9 or 11 classes. Specialists graduate with an initial level of qualification.

Having mastered the programs of the first type, graduates of colleges receive the qualification "specialist", the second - "entry-level specialist". Technical schools and colleges provide primary and secondary vocational education, while most schools provide only NGOs.

SPO and NGOs

SVE programs are aimed at training specialists who will have in-depth, high-quality skills and knowledge in their field. As part of the training, the basic knowledge of general subjects from the school curriculum is expanded.

The NGO provides a lower level of training and provides graduates with modest career opportunities, despite the fact that those who have completed the primary education program acquire certain competencies and are considered skilled workers. For example, an owner of a medical specialization program can work as a nurse or a paramedic, and the “ceiling” for those who have only an NGO is the work of a nanny.

So, college is what kind of education? What about education after college? And what kind of education do they get in college? Find answers below.

More about suzes

1. College (what education, what are its features, what is the learning process). Institutions of this type are more promising, highly valued by employers and offer a wide range of specialties. The quality of education in them is close to the university level. Often colleges are administrative divisions of universities or institutes, which allows graduates to enter the second or third year of the university to which their college is “attached”.

Education in the college is built according to the type of institute or university. The percentage of college graduates who entered universities is significantly higher than those who graduated from a technical school or college. This is due in no small part to the (sometimes tacit) benefits and priority given to college graduates.

For admission to college, you must provide a certificate of completion of 11 or 9 grades, as well as a diploma in SVE or NGO if you have one. Training lasts an average of three years, but on the basis of 9 classes - at least 4 years, and in some specialties even more.

What kind of education does college provide and what is the name of education after college? The colleges provide high-quality secondary vocational education.

1. Technical school (level of education, nuances and specifics). The technical school provides secondary specialized education. The technical schools are divided into:

• for state - GOU SPO;
• non-state (private) - KNOU SPO;
• autonomous non-commercial - ANOO SPO.

You can enter a technical school on the basis of completed 9th and 11th grades of a general education school on the basis of sufficiently high results of the GIA and the Unified State Examination. Education takes about 3 years, some specialties are mastered in two. Recently, students of technical schools have been granted a deferment from the army. The educational process in technical schools takes place in a format close to school.

1. Vocational school. Schools usually run NGO programs. They enter the school on the basis of 11 or 9 grades of a comprehensive school. The course of study at the school lasts from 6 to 36 months. The term depends on the specialty that the student receives. As part of the educational reform, vocational schools are massively reorganized into VPU, PL and PU (lyceums and varieties of schools).

   The renaming of institutions does not have a special effect on the quality of education and the learning process.

What to choose: school, technical school or college?

Depends on your plans for the future. If after graduation you are going to enter a particular university, a college at this university is most suitable. Education in such a college will provide an opportunity to enter a university on simplified terms, the administrative structure of which includes a college, which is, in business terms, a “subsidiary” of the university. Thus, you will be able, already working in your specialty, to continue receiving a higher level of education.

If you plan to master a qualified working specialty and limit yourself to it, getting a job, for example, as a high-level welder, master builder or auto mechanic, it is best to enter a technical school. Technical schools also teach humanitarian, accounting, auditing and other educational programs aimed at training intellectual labor specialists of medium qualification.

If the plans do not include high career achievements or getting a more substantial education is postponed until later, the best option would be a college and a diploma in NGO.

Article 68. Secondary vocational education

Secondary vocational education is aimed at solving the problems of intellectual, cultural and professional development of a person and aims to train qualified workers or employees and mid-level specialists in all major areas of socially useful activity in accordance with the needs of society and the state, as well as meeting the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education.

2. Persons with education not lower than basic general or secondary general education are allowed to master educational programs of secondary vocational education, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law.

3. Obtaining secondary vocational education on the basis of basic general education is carried out with the simultaneous receipt of secondary general education within the relevant educational program of secondary vocational education. In this case, the educational program of secondary vocational education, implemented on the basis of basic general education, is developed on the basis of the requirements of the relevant federal state educational standards for secondary general and secondary vocational education, taking into account the profession or specialty of secondary vocational education received.

4. Admission to study in educational programs of secondary vocational education at the expense of budgetary appropriations from the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets is publicly available, unless otherwise provided by this part. When applying for training in educational programs of secondary vocational education in professions and specialties that require applicants to have certain creative abilities, physical and (or) psychological qualities, entrance tests are conducted in the manner established in accordance with this Federal Law. In the event that the number of applicants exceeds the number of places, the financial provision of which is carried out at the expense of the budgetary allocations of the federal budget, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets, the educational organization, when enrolling in educational programs of secondary vocational education, takes into account the results of mastering the educational program of the main general or secondary general education, indicated in the submitted documents on education and (or) documents on education and qualifications.

(as amended by Federal Law No. 238-FZ of July 13, 2015)

(see text in previous)

5. Receipt of secondary vocational education under training programs for mid-level specialists for the first time by persons who have a diploma of secondary vocational education with the qualification of a skilled worker or employee is not a second or subsequent secondary vocational education repeatedly.

6. Students in educational programs of secondary vocational education who do not have secondary general education are entitled to pass the state final certification, which completes the development of educational programs of secondary general education and upon successful completion of which they are issued a certificate of secondary general education. These students pass the state final certification free of charge.

Secondary vocational education in Russia

Educational institutions

In Soviet times, secondary vocational education could be obtained in technical schools, as well as schools (for example, a medical school).

In post-Soviet times, some technical schools were renamed colleges. Currently, secondary vocational education can be obtained in technical schools and colleges. Differences in terms are defined in the Model Regulation on an educational institution of secondary vocational education (secondary specialized educational institution):

7. The following types of secondary specialized educational institutions are established:
a) technical school - a secondary specialized educational institution that implements the main professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training;
b) college - a secondary specialized educational institution that implements basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training and programs of secondary vocational education of advanced training.

The list of specialties of secondary vocational education was approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated April 12, 2005 No. 112 (as amended on May 18, 2006). Since January 1, 2010 . for admission to the main professional educational programs of secondary vocational education, implemented in accordance with federal state educational standards, the list of specialties of secondary vocational education, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated September 28, 2009 No. 355, is applied.

Features of SVE in comparison with initial vocational education

NGO institutions (Primary Vocational Education) and SPO combine and implement two-stage training in programs of primary and secondary vocational education. In accordance with the model Regulations on an educational institution of secondary vocational education, an educational institution is also called the term secondary vocational education (Secondary specialized educational institution).

1. Secondary vocational education is aimed at training mid-level specialists, meeting the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education on the basis of basic general, secondary (complete) general or primary vocational education.
2. Citizens with primary vocational education of the relevant profile receive secondary vocational education under reduced programs.
3. Secondary vocational education can be obtained in educational institutions of secondary vocational education (secondary specialized educational institutions) or at the first stage of educational institutions of higher vocational education.
4. An educational institution of secondary vocational education may implement educational programs of primary vocational education in the presence of an appropriate license.

see also

Notes

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .

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