For interpersonal communication, various parts of speech are used when people talk. The most significant of them is adverb. It endows a specific action with a specific attribute, or a certain attribute with a specific attribute. An adverb can be attached to almost all parts of speech. It all depends on the part of speech that is in conjunction with the adverb; it has different designations:
1. If an adverb is attached to a verb (gerund), it denotes a sign of a certain action (for example, to cook deliciously is attached to the verb, someone who cooks deliciously is attached to the gerund);
2. If an adverb is attached directly to a noun, then in this case it denotes a characteristic of a specific object (for example, far from the stop);
3. If an adverb is attached to an adjective, another adverb or a participle, then it denotes a feature of the attribute (for example, very boring - to an adjective, extremely long - to an adverb, deliciously baked - to a participle).
What questions does the adverb answer?
I would like to note the fact that adverbs belong to the indeclinable part of speech. In sentences, as a rule, adverbs serve the function of adverbs. Adverbs in the Russian language can answer many questions, depending on this they are also divided into groups:
1. Adverbs of place - answer questions - “Where from?”, “Where to?”, “Where?” (there, near, from far);
2. Adverbs of time - “How long?”, “When?”, “Until when?”, “Since when?” (Very long, yesterday, today, until tomorrow);
3. Adverbs of purpose answer the question “Why?” (specially);
4. Adverbs of manner can be defined by asking the question “How?” or how?" (slow, bad);
5. Adverbs answering the questions “At what time?”, “To what extent?”, “How much?”, “How much?”, “To what extent?” are adverbs of measure and degree (very piercingly, a lot, for a long time);
6. Adverbs of reason answer the question “Why?” (involuntarily).
Morphological analysis of the adverb. Example.
For a more detailed study of the adverb, there is such a concept as morphological analysis. It is used to highlight two constant characteristics, since the adverb does not have non-constant ones. Below is a parsing diagram with an example of the word “Low”:
1. Part of speech – Low – is an adverb because it denotes a sign of a certain action.
2. Morphological characteristics:
rank by value – definitive;
if there is, then the degree of comparison is lower;
unchangeable word - the word is unchanged.
3. Syntactic function - The switch in the apartment was so low that Alexey had to bend down to turn on the light. The adverb "low" is an adverb that describes a manner of action.
Adverb suffixes.
In order not to make mistakes in the spelling of adverbs, you must remember that:
Adverbs with the prefixes –do, -s, -iz will have the suffix –a (again, long ago);
Adverbs beginning with the prefixes – in, - on, - for – have the suffix – o (to the left, to the right).
Our speech is rich and diverse. One of its parts is an adverb. What are the morphological features of this part of speech? And what questions does the adverb answer? This will be discussed in our article.
Adverb as part of speech
First of all, you need to find out what an adverb is as a part of speech? This is a very important aspect. It will help us clearly identify the questions that adverbs in sentences answer.
So, an adverb is a part of speech that expresses signs of an action (most often) or signs of other signs. It should be noted that this part of speech is independent and unchangeable, regardless of the position it occupies in a particular sentence. As a rule, adverbs in sentences are tied to the corresponding verb, less often to a gerund.
The term itself has Latin roots and was formed through linguistic tracing. In Latin, the word “adverb” sounds like “adverbium” (“ad” - to, on; “verbum” - speech, language).
Adverbialization is the mechanism for forming adverbs from words belonging to other parts of speech. Thus, adverbs can be formed from individual forms of adjectives, nouns, verbs, as well as some other types of word forms. Thus, through adverbialization, a word qualitatively changes its grammatical meaning.
What questions does the adverb answer?
There are quite a lot of adverbs in Russian speech. Let's list what questions the adverb answers:
- How? How?
- Where? Where?
- How much?
- How long? When?
- Why?
- For what? For what?
These are the most common groups of questions. Let's look at them in more detail, using specific examples of words.
So, depending on what question the adverb answers, several groups of them are distinguished. This:
- Adverbs of method or manner of action (quietly, sadly, amicably, etc.).
- Adverbs of place (close, below, to the right).
- Adverbs of degree and measure (little, too much, three times).
- Adverbs of time (already, recently, constantly).
- Adverbs of reason (rashly, stupidly, involuntarily).
- Adverbs of purpose (out of spite, on purpose).
It is very easy to determine which question is answered by an adverb from a particular group. Thus, the adverb of place answers the questions “where?”, “from where?”, the adverb of reason answers the questions “why?”, “why?” and so on.
In addition, according to the algorithm of their formation, adverbs can be prefixed, suffixal, or prefixed-suffixal.
Basic features of adverbs
An adverb is a part of speech that is constant in a sentence. They cannot be declined or conjugated, they have no genders or numbers. Also, adverbs have no endings. Some adverbs (namely those that were formed on the basis of adjectives) can have degrees of comparison, in particular comparative and superlative (for example: strongly - stronger - more strongly - stronger than all).
If we talk about the syntactic features of adverbs, then in sentences they are, as a rule, tied to verbs or adjectives (less often to other adverbs), with which they form phrases. In the structure of a sentence, an adverb in most cases acts as an adverb.
It is worth noting that in a text it is often very difficult to distinguish an adverb from a preposition (or from a particle). The reason for this lies in the fact that the latter are very often formed from adverbs. Here you need to carefully analyze the specific proposal. Compare, for example, two sentences:
- Our bright future is ahead! (In this case, the word “ahead” is an adverb answering the question “where?”).
- Run ahead of the locomotive (here the word “ahead” is a common preposition).
In addition, quite often the adverb is confused with a neuter adjective. To solve this problem, the problem word should be put in the plural. If this works, it means that the word is an adjective; if not, it is an adverb. For example:
- This artist's painting is amazing! (This artist draws amazingly).
- The paintings of these artists are amazing! (These artists draw amazingly).
Thus, in the first case the word “delightful” is an adjective, and in the second it is an adverb.
Finally
So, an adverb is one of the independent parts of speech, which has its own morphological and syntactic features. From our article you learned about the main types of this part of speech, as well as what questions the adverb answers.
Our speech is rich and diverse. One of its parts is an adverb. What are the morphological features of this part of speech? And what questions does the adverb answer? This will be discussed in our article.
Adverb as part of speech
First of all, you need to find out what an adverb is as a part of speech? This is a very important aspect. It will help us clearly identify the questions that adverbs in sentences answer.
So, an adverb is a part of speech that expresses signs of an action (most often) or signs of other signs. It should be noted that this part of speech is independent and unchangeable, regardless of the position it occupies in a particular sentence. As a rule, adverbs in sentences are tied to the corresponding verb, less often to a gerund.
The term itself has Latin roots and was formed through linguistic tracing. In Latin, the word “adverb” sounds like “adverbium” (“ad” - to, on; “verbum” - speech, language).
Adverbialization is the mechanism for forming adverbs from words belonging to other parts of speech. Thus, adverbs can be formed from individual forms of adjectives, nouns, verbs, as well as some other types of word forms. Thus, through adverbialization, a word qualitatively changes its grammatical meaning.
What questions does the adverb answer?
There are quite a lot of adverbs in Russian speech. Let's list what questions the adverb answers:
- How? How?
- Where? Where?
- How much?
- How long? When?
- Why?
- For what? For what?
These are the most common groups of questions. Let's look at them in more detail, using specific examples of words.
So, depending on what question the adverb answers, several groups of them are distinguished. This:
- Adverbs of method or manner of action (quietly, sadly, amicably, etc.).
- Adverbs of place (close, below, to the right).
- Adverbs of degree and measure (little, too much, three times).
- Adverbs of time (already, recently, constantly).
- Adverbs of reason (rashly, stupidly, involuntarily).
- Adverbs of purpose (out of spite, on purpose).
It is very easy to determine which question is answered by an adverb from a particular group. Thus, the adverb of place answers the questions “where?”, “from where?”, the adverb of reason answers the questions “why?”, “why?” and so on.
In addition, according to the algorithm of their formation, adverbs can be prefixed, suffixal, or prefixed-suffixal.
Basic features of adverbs
An adverb is a part of speech that is constant in a sentence. They cannot be declined or conjugated, they have no genders or numbers. Also, adverbs have no endings. Some adverbs (namely those that were formed on the basis of adjectives) can have degrees of comparison, in particular comparative and superlative (for example: strongly - stronger - more strongly - stronger than all).
If we talk about the syntactic features of adverbs, then in sentences they are, as a rule, tied to verbs or adjectives (less often to other adverbs), with which they form phrases. In the structure of a sentence, an adverb in most cases acts as an adverb.
It is worth noting that in a text it is often very difficult to distinguish an adverb from a preposition (or from a particle). The reason for this lies in the fact that the latter are very often formed from adverbs. Here you need to carefully analyze the specific proposal. Compare, for example, two sentences:
- Our bright future is ahead! (In this case, the word “ahead” is an adverb answering the question “where?”).
- Run ahead of the locomotive (here the word “ahead” is a common preposition).
In addition, quite often the adverb is confused with a neuter adjective. To solve this problem, the problem word should be put in the plural. If this works, it means that the word is an adjective; if not, it is an adverb. For example:
- This artist's painting is amazing! (This artist draws amazingly).
- The paintings of these artists are amazing! (These artists draw amazingly).
Thus, in the first case the word “delightful” is an adjective, and in the second it is an adverb.
Finally
So, an adverb is one of the independent parts of speech, which has its own morphological and syntactic features. From our article you learned about the main types of this part of speech, as well as what questions the adverb answers.
The Russian language is a multifaceted, complex instrument. With its help, people communicate and create great works. Using language and its capabilities, we can describe life and the events surrounding it, imagine historical actions of many years ago and imagine the distant future.
In contact with
Any language is characterized by mobility. It changes over time: it is filled with new words, expressions, gives birth to new styles. Moreover, each language consists of many components connected to each other.
Identifying parts of speech
Part of speech is the main class of grammatical means of a language. It is characterized by various morphological and syntactic features and is divided into independent and auxiliary.
Towards independent, naming objects, their actions, signs, parts of speech include:
Official express relationships between objects without naming them and their characteristics:
- pretext;
- interjection;
- particle;
- union;
- onomatopoeic words.
Definition of an adverb, what questions it answers
An adverb is an independent part of speech in the Russian language, denoting a characteristic of an object, its action or quality and answering the questions: how?, why?, when?, where?, to what extent?, why? etc.
It is worth noting, that there are pronominal adverbs, included in this part of speech. It is common for them not to name the sign, but to point to it. They are divided into the following groups:
- undefined: somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere;
- negative: nowhere, nowhere, nowhere;
- index: there, there, here, then, now;
- interrogative: why, where, how, when, where.
Distinctive characteristics of adverbs
In the Russian language, there are grammatical, morphological and syntactic features characteristic of this part of speech.
Grammatical features. Adverbs have a general grammatical meaning. So, if they are included in a phrase with an adjective or other adverb, then they denote a characteristic feature. Example: very far.
In combination with such a part of speech as a verb, it acquires the meaning of a sign of action. Example: to do out of spite.
Morphological characteristics. Adverbs are immutable, that is, they are not tied to number or gender. This part of speech is not inflected or conjugated. For example: he is walking quickly, he is walking quickly, he was walking quickly, he will walk quickly.
Syntactic features. As part of a sentence, adverbs often depend on verbs and adjectives: they form phrases with them. Due to the dependence on other parts of speech, they are classified as secondary members of the sentence - circumstances - indicating the reason, mode of action, time, etc. For example: The sleigh quickly moved away from the house.
Classification by category
All adverbs can be divided into two main categories according to their meaning: circumstantial and attributive.
Detailed ones are designed to show temporary, targeted, causal relationships associated with the action. For example: on purpose, for the first time, yesterday, on the right.
Determinatives serve to characterize an action - its quality, method of execution - and are divided into the following categories:
- Discharge of measure and degree. Characterized by the questions to what extent?, how much?. For example: very, too much, twice as much, etc.
- Place rank. The adverb answers the following questions: from where?, where?, where?. For example: to the right, close, forward.
- Mode of action category. This includes adverbs that answer the questions how?, in what way?. For example: quietly, loudly, in a whisper, sadly.
- Reason category. The following questions are typical for determining the part of speech: why?, why?. For example: rashly, involuntarily.
- Discharge of time. In this group, adverbs answer the following questions: since when?, until when?, when?, how long?. For example: recently, in winter, already, always.
- Target rank. Characterized by the questions why?, for what?. For example: out of spite, intentionally, on purpose.
Predicative adverbs belong to a special group. They denote the necessity of some action, the possibility or impossibility of performing it, the state of nature or man. In impersonal sentences they act as a predicate. For example: It was already dark; It's time to sleep.
Classification by degree of comparison
Degrees of comparison are characteristic of adverbs, which are formed from qualitative adjectives and end in -o (-e). For example: slow - slowly, quiet - quietly.
The degrees of comparison can be divided into two:
- excellent;
- comparative.
To form the superlative degree, you need a phrase that will include an adverb in the comparative degree and the word “all”. For example: quietest, farthest.
The comparative degree, in turn, is divided into simple and complex. A simple one is formed by using the following suffixes: -е, -she, -ee(-ee). NFor example: close - closer, fun - more fun, more fun, quiet - quieter. A complex degree of comparison can be obtained by using the particles “more” and “less”. For example: louder, less sad.
