Myers Briggs test typology. Myers-Briggs typology

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Test Myers-Briggs was created during World War II to help women find employment and replace their husbands who had gone to the battlefields. After answering a series of questions, they received a brief description, on the basis of which they could choose a job that best suited their abilities.

Some Western companies still use Myers-Briggs testing when selecting candidates for their vacancies.

website created a simplified, short version of this test. Just 4 questions with 2 answer options each, and voila! - the combination of letters will tell you about your personality type.

1. You are completely exhausted, the week has been long and not the best. How will you spend your weekend?

I’ll call my friends and find out what their plans are. I heard that a new restaurant has opened / a hilarious comedy has been released / there are discounts at the paintball club. We all need to get out together. - E
I’ll put my phone in “Do Not Disturb” mode and stay home. I’ll turn on a new episode of my favorite TV series, put together a puzzle, and lie in the bath with a book. - I

2. Which of the two descriptions suits you better?

The most important thing for me is what is happening here and now. I start from the real state of affairs and pay attention to details. - S
Facts are boring. I love to dream and create scenarios for future events. I am more willing to rely on intuition than on any data. - N

3. A company that is a competitor of your employer is trying to lure you away. You doubt it: they pay much more there, but the team here is excellent, and the head of the department hinted that he recommends you to management before retiring. How will you make a decision?

I will study all the available information about the competing company, consult with an HR manager I know, and draw a “pros and cons” table. In such matters, it is important to soberly evaluate and weigh everything. - T
I will listen to my own feelings and sensations. I always try to follow my heart. - F

4. There are 2 weeks before the wedding of your close friends. How are you doing with your preparations?

A month ago I chose a saxophonist who would perform a medley of songs from our school years / put together a presentation from photographs of the couple from the moment they met / composed a poem / ironed a suit / made an appointment for makeup and hair styling. I prefer to be fully armed. - J
Why prepare? I will have fun and enjoy the holiday, and I will say a toast impromptu, from the heart. All the best things happen spontaneously. - P

Now look for your Myers-Briggs personality type!

ESTJ - MANAGER

Practical and consistent, he loves order in everything, planning and organizing. But most of all, to convince others that you are right and persuade them to your own point of view. Looks at life soberly and trusts facts above all.

Open to communication, new acquaintances and noisy companies. She does not forget to take care of loved ones and knows how to show her love.

11% men, 6% women

ENTJ - COMMANDER

For him, life is struggle and extreme. This is how he gets to know those around him and himself. Brave and risky, he is easily inspired and starts something new. At the same time, he adequately assesses his abilities - both strengths and weaknesses.

Has a keen sense of trends and is open to fresh ideas. Thinks positively. Loves sports and everything connected with it.

3% men, 1% women

ESFJ - TEACHER

Gets along well with people, the soul of any company. He is attentive and caring, always ready to help, even if he has to sacrifice his own interests for the sake of another person.

At the same time, he is very independent in his affairs and, as a rule, achieves everything without outside help. He only expects emotional support from his loved ones.

17% women, 8% men

ESTP - MARSHAL

“The main thing is not victory, but participation” - this is not about him. He strives to achieve his goal at any cost, even if he has to use physical strength. Adheres to a clear plan of action, does not tolerate subordination and compromise.

A born fighter, agile but collected. Able to objectively assess even the most stressful situation and give a quick, accurate answer.

6% men, 3% women

ENFJ - MENTOR

Emotional, eloquent, with expressive facial expressions and developed gestures. Understands and transfers the emotions of other people, catches even the slightest insincerity. In love he is distrustful and jealous.

He is often prepared for certain events, having the ability to anticipate them in advance.

3% women, 2% men

ENTP - INVENTOR

An idea generator is constantly creating something new. Adapts quickly to unusual conditions and easily masters different working methods.

Often, due to his dislike of traditions and routine, he changes professional fields and hobbies, becoming an innovator and pioneer. What is important is that he is able not only to create an idea, but also to convey its essence to others, make decisions and bring his plans to life.

4% men, 2% women

ESFP - POLITICIAN

Masterfully determines the capabilities of others and often uses this for the purpose of manipulation. When communicating with people, he is guided primarily by his own interests, but strives to impress them and create an image of an extraordinary personality.

With both feet in the present moment, he doesn’t like to waste time. Expects quick results, does not tolerate bureaucracy and red tape.

10% women, 7% men

ENFP - CHAMPION

Energetic and inquisitive, with a pronounced creative streak. He combines the traits of both an extrovert and an introvert, and therefore not only knows how to find a common language with people, but also feels them well. Able to empathize and give practical advice.

Perceives life in all the diversity of its possibilities, has a developed imagination and a high level of intelligence. A very harmonious personality, able to maintain balance even under constant changing circumstances.

10% women, 6% men

INFP - HEALER

A lyricist and a dreamer, he puts inner harmony and agreement with himself first. Most of his thoughts are directed inward, but he is able to intuitively predict events and understand people well.

She loves to dress up and tries to look good in any circumstances. He is not thrifty and often loses his sense of time and the reality of what is happening.

5% women, 4% men

ISFP - COMPOSER

Knows how to find joy in simple things, calmly endures routine and monotony. He loves to feel needed, and therefore always helps other people, but never violates their personal space. Does not tolerate conflict situations, knows how to make you laugh and entertain.

Very down to earth, practical, caring, gentle, reliable and loyal companion. He accepts the world as it is and does not try to lead or manipulate.

10% women, 8% men

INTP - ARCHITECT

An erudite and philosopher, he does not like violent manifestations of feelings, strives for an even emotional background and comfort. He is careful in making decisions, likes to analyze and look for connections between the past, present and future.

Very susceptible to change and rather difficult to tolerate. Constantly tries to put together all the incoming facts, thoughts and ideas, which is why he is often in tension.

5% men, 2% women

He has a keen sense of people and relationships between them. He easily identifies moods and hidden talents; people often turn to him for advice. He himself is easily vulnerable and has a hard time withstanding aggression and lack of love.

His driving force - intuition - is directed not outward, but inward. Such people do not stop learning throughout their lives, considering self-development one of their main priorities. By knowing themselves, they help others.

2% women, 1% men

INTJ - INSPIRER

He has a rich inner world, from where he mainly draws his unusual ideas. Strives for excellence, wants to improve everyone and everything.

However, he experiences difficulties in relationships with people, often deliberately alienating others, demonstrating independence. Knows how to prioritize, trusts his intuition.

3% men, 1% women

ISFJ - PROTECTOR

He does not tolerate falsehood and pretense in relationships, he immediately distinguishes between “strangers” and “our own”. The first ones are kept at a distance. For the latter, he is ready for a lot, and never asks for anything in return.

Executive, careful in words and actions. Good-natured and caring, his highest goal is to help others and make them happier.

19% women, 8% men

ISTP - CRAFTMAN

As a rule, he has a technical mind and loves to work with his hands. Not in a hurry to make decisions, I’m sure it’s better to measure 7 times. However, he always meets deadlines and is essentially punctual.

He understands the world through sensations, his view of what is happening is extremely objective and specific. By default he is disposed towards other people, but refuses communication as soon as he feels insincerity.

9% men, 2% women

ISTJ - INSPECTOR

Thoughtful, deep, responsible. He inspires trust, but does not take anything for granted, carefully analyzing all incoming information. Not interested in long-term communication, prefers business contacts only for the duration of cooperation. Focused on the end result.

Loves rigor, order, and is often pedantic. He doesn’t have his head in the clouds, he is “here and now.”

15% men, 7% women

The article discusses the development of Jung's typology. The American and domestic branches of the development of his ideas are compared. The overlaps and divergences between socionics and MBTI are discussed.

Key words: Jung, socionics, MBTI, Myers-Briggs typology, tests, theory, distribution.

As you know, the analogue of socionics in the USA is the Myers-Briggs typology, which is often briefly called MBTI after the name of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) questionnaire - Today it is an officially recognized test and scientific direction in psychology. More than 3 million typings are carried out per year in the USA alone; 86 of the 100 largest companies form teams taking this typology into account.

Developing independently and, accordingly, having differences in terminology and models, socionics and MBTI still represent one scientific direction and coincide in the main thing: types and their descriptions. At the same time, many of the obstacles that socionics faces today are already a passed stage in the development and recognition of MBTI.

Socionics and MBTI, being in unrelated, parallel development, repeat the history of many exact and natural sciences, which for a long time developed on opposite sides of the Iron Curtain or oceans. Examples of such development can be aircraft rocket science, cybernetics, genetics and many other sciences. Today we see that MBTI is more focused on practical application, while socionics is more focused on deep study of the theoretical part, as well as on the development of additional models.

What is socionics?

T.N. Prokofiev describes the basis of socionic theory as follows:
“The socionics approach is based on the idea of K.G. Jung about the presence of mental functions in a person, each of which performs its own work. K.G. Jung identified four mental functions: thinking, feeling, intuition, sensation, which can be considered as channels for perceiving, processing and transmitting information of varying quality. By analogy with the natural metabolism of cells, the flow of information coming to a person is split by the psyche into separate components. But not just any one, but a specific channel corresponding only to it is responsible for receiving and processing each of these components.”

In this regard, A. Augustinavichiute writes:

“The discovery of C. G. Jung is the discovery of a mechanism for selecting signals perceived by the psyche. This mechanism can be called the information metabolism (IM) code or the rules of the language through which information is transmitted.” Therefore, the second name of Socionics is “the theory of types of information metabolism.”

In socionics, Jung's mental functions are renamed by A. Augustinavichiute, and thinking, feeling, intuition and sensations are called logic, ethics, intuition and sensory, respectively.

“By presenting, following Jung, each of the four functions in an extroverted and introverted setting, Aushra received eight mental functions, which correspond to eight aspects of information flow. The combination of computer science and psychology made it possible for Aušra Augustinavičiūta to build models of the structure of psychological types. Model A is built in accordance with the position of S. Freud's psychoanalysis on the structure of the psyche, including consciousness and the unconscious: ego - superego - id. The structure is depicted as two rings of functions. The mental ring reflects primarily the social in a person, the vital ring reflects the biological. The socionic model serves for reliable diagnosis of psychological types, as well as for determining the relationships between personality types» .

What is MBTI?

In 1921 K.G. Jung published a book called Psychological Types, the academic language of which was difficult for the layman to understand, and, accordingly, few could apply his ideas in practice. However, during World War II, two American women, Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother, Katherine Briggs, developed an accessible way to use Jung's ideas in everyday life. Their goal was to give people the ability to easily determine their type without diving deeply into Jung's academic theory.

The Myers-Briggs Indicator has been the subject of extensive scientific analysis and study, and considerable evidence has been collected for the validity and reliability of the test (Carlson, 1985; Furnham & Stringfield, 1993). The Myer-Briggs Indicator Form G is based on Jung's teachings about personality types. Typing is carried out in a self-diagnosis format using a test printed on paper. It consists of 94 questions with a choice of one of 2 answer options. Based on these answers, preferences are determined according to the four dichotomies described in Jung’s theory: extraversion/introversion (Extraversion–Introversion), sensory/intuition (Sensation–Intuition), logic/ethics (Thinking–Feeling), rationality/irrationality (Judging–Perceiving). By the way, it should be noted that the Russian word “irrationality” has a negative connotation, corresponding to the Russian “unreasonable”. “Form G” is a marking of the evolutionary development of the questionnaire, which went through several stages of clarifying questions based on the results of a scientific analysis of the methodology and results of this test. Thus, MBTI theory currently defines dichotomies, types (16), and several small groups have been described.

The MBTI is the most popular test in the United States and, according to written sources, in the world. It is mainly used in business and education to work more effectively with students and employees in corporations. The test results are used primarily for career guidance, as well as to determine your leadership style and to form effective teams. Those. Most often, the test is financed not by the person being typed, but by an interested organization. There are special practices and exercises aimed at teaching employees to use their strengths to solve problems more effectively and to better understand the actions and thinking of other team members.

The questionnaire is also informally used during hiring, although the MBTI organization itself is categorically against this and regards it as discrimination. In the USA, the resume does not indicate gender, age, nationality or skin color, because... If denied, the company may be sued for denial on grounds of discrimination, even if the person provided the information themselves. That is, for ethical reasons, the MBTI is considered a tool for improving the inclusion of people in the work process, and not for filtering.

It is important to note that MBTI is not a science, it is a product. It was created to make Jung's type theory accessible to people, and the result is a branded, proprietary test. The test has been developed for decades, tested and verified. But nevertheless, the test itself is a derivative of psychology, including Jungian psychology, which is developing and includes interpretations and analysis of the MBTI test.

The main development in the popularity of MBTI is thought to have occurred in the 1970s, with 1.5 million typings recorded in 1986 and 3.5 million typings in 2011. This means personal paid typing followed by work with a licensed specialist.

Anyone can obtain the right to use the test by completing a four-day training and briefly learning how to interpret its results. The main target audience is personal growth coaches, corporate trainers and psychologists. Psychology in the USA is a licensed profession. Therefore, according to the law, in order to work with clients, you must constantly gain qualification points for professional education and pass exams every 5-10 years. The MBTI is part of a scoring system in psychology.

Similarities and differences

Over the past decades, many attempts have been made to link these two systems. We would like to present the resulting conclusions from an article by Lithuanian researcher Lilita Zelita from 2014 in the journal “The humanities and social studies”.

Lilita Zelita has studied more than a hundred works of socionic researchers and more than sixty works of MBTI specialists. The general conclusion is: “Socionics and MBTI have a common theoretical base (C. G. Jung’s Theory of Psychological Types), a general description of the main dichotomies, partially divergent functional models and common final results (16 types and their characteristics). Both theories do not contradict each other, but are mutually complementary, and thus can be used to better understand oneself and others in everyday situations, in the family, in education, in work.”.

That's what it means. All basic dichotomies coincide, several small groups are known in MBTI, the general description of the types coincides with the socionic one.

At the same time, the MBTI also has functional models of each type.

Rice. 1 Type functions in MBTI

For half of the types (extroverts), the models completely coincide with the socionic ones. And the models of introverted types differ from socionic ones (Fig. 1). So, for example, for the ISFP type, which stands for introvert/sensory/feeling/receptive or in socionic terms introvert/sensory/ethical/irrational, i.e. SEI (ISFP, “Dumas”) theoretical model of the order and scope of functions is as follows - the first, dominant function is introverted ethics, and the second, complementary one is extroverted sensing. According to the socionic model, this would correspond to the ESI type (ISFJ, “Dreiser”)..

The functions in the MBTI model are defined as follows.

It is important to note that the type in MBTI is determined through the dichotomies of Jung’s basis based on the results of filling out the questionnaire, and the models do not form the basis for further theoretical constructions and practical application.

Lilita Zelita explains the differences in the theoretical layout and descriptions in MBTI and socionics by differences in the types of their founders and key representatives. The language used in type theory is understandable to ordinary people, since its founders - Katherine Briggs, Isabel Briggs Myers and others, were from the humanities club, and their leading functions were ethics and intuition. Socionics was founded by A. Augustinavichiute, and most of its key representatives, including V. Gulenko, G. Reinin, A. Bukalov, T. Prokofieva - from the club of researchers with the leading functions of logic and intuition.

It is important to note that MBTI is considered as self-identification, self-report: a person shows who he wants to be, what interests him. This is done on the basis of independently completing a test of 96 questions within 20 minutes. Additionally, information is provided on the percentage preponderance of the dominant trait. In this way, a person can see which functions are more pronounced, and where the excess or deficiency is insignificant. Often a recommendation is given to look at information about a related type. The test results are then verified by a specialist.

Socionics focuses on assessing the type from the outside, which is more objective, but technically much more difficult. For correct self-diagnosis, a person must not only have a very deep knowledge of socionic theory, Model A, the characteristics of various types and be free from social stereotypes and approved models of behavior, but also understand and know himself well, accept himself as he is. Such requirements make self-diagnosis very difficult and biased. This issue is discussed in more detail in the article by T.N. Prokofieva and V.G. Prokofiev “Puzzle technology. Quality standards for socionic diagnostics".

This fact - self-diagnosis - explains the difference in assessing the uniformity of the distribution of types among people according to MBTI and socionics. In socionics, as far as we know, it is believed that the distribution is approximately uniform, but in MBTI there are statistics according to which the distribution is uneven. The extreme representatives are the types ISFJ - ethical-sensory introvert - 13.8% of the population, and ENFJ - ethical-intuitive extrovert - 1.5%

A number of articles discussing the complexities of MBTI typing emphasize that the main problem is an overly simplified description of types. After all, extroverts are not necessarily noisy and introverts are quiet, but the point is how a person perceives and processes information. Here you can see a direct connection with the concept of “information metabolism” and the coincidence in this issue between MBTI and socionics. And in order to avoid superficial interpretation, it is recommended that the diagnostician personally explain the results of the MBTI test.

In 2008, personality researchers (Linda V. Behrens and Dario Nardi) added four additional functions to the MBTI model, so-called "shadow" functions, which a person does not normally exhibit, but which can arise when a person is under stress. Shadow processes " work more at the edges of our awareness... We usually experience these processes in a negative way, but when we are open to them they can be quite positive“- write scientists in the manual for working with the MBTI test “Understanding Yourself and Others: An Introduction to the Personality Type Code”. Thus, in the latest MBTI model there are 8 functions, of which 4 are in the conscious block and 4 in the shadow block. Here is a table with a translation into Russian based on materials from the site http://www.cognitiveprocesses.com/16types/16types.cfm.

Accordingly, extroverted functions of the type in MBTI are reflected by introverted ones in the shadow block, and vice versa. Thus, in the latest theoretical model of MBTI researchers, the presence of 8 functions, 4 main and 4 shadow, is deduced, which theoretically corresponds to the mental and vital rings in the socionic model A. At the same time, “shadow” functions “are activated at the borders of awareness” and more often demonstrate themselves with the negative side, which coincides with the characteristics of the subconscious according to Freud and Jung, but does not quite correspond to their location in model A, because the reaction to the vital functions of model A is not always negative.

It should be noted that the interpretation of the “main” functions of the MBTI is generally similar to the socionic one, but not in all respects.

The first one is basic. Develops first in childhood, requires a minimal amount of energy to use, is the strongest and most confident, can sometimes cause inconvenience to others with its “dominance”

The second is auxiliary, the second is developing. With it we support both ourselves and those around us. In a positive manifestation - a caring parent, in a negative one - too caring, critical, inhibiting.

The third is additional to the auxiliary(although interpreted as a function of children's joy). Source of energy. At the age of 20-30, we are attracted to activity in this function. Often creativity occurs through the third function, but in its negative manifestation a person is too infantile.

The fourth is painful. This function can develop already in adulthood, giving balance to life. Before this, fears, negative projections on others and “shoulds” are associated with it.

The interpretation of the role of each of the identified “shadow” functions in MBTI still differs from the interpretation of the socionic model, while reflecting the corresponding main functions.

Fifth the function is characterized as crybaby.

Sixth – critical parent, stopping and demoralizing others.

Seventh - a deceptive distraction, according to it, what is not important seems important to us.

Eighth – demonic, destructive a function whose actions are usually regretted later.

Comment by T.N. Prokofieva:

"Let us analyze the correspondence of models using the example of TIM ILE (ENTP, Don Quixote) to see the similarities and differences.

What can we say? In some places the characteristics are similar, in others they are not at all. Especially in terms of the functions of the ID block, the MBTI interpretation is not similar to the socionic one. And with awareness and unconsciousness, not everything is clear.
Of course, I would like to read more detailed descriptions of what “basic” means in MBTI, for example.
Is it the same as in socionics? What about “auxiliary”? This was the case with Jung, but a lot of time has passed since then. How do Western colleagues understand all this now?
Well, what about introverted models? Let's look at the example of SEI (ISFP, “Dumas”).

If certain similarities were observed with the extroverted model, then judge for yourself with the introverted model. So far the result is puzzling. Does anyone use this model? Does it have detailed interpretation and practical application?
And the most important thing I want to say is: a model is just a model. It is designed to model some processes for easier study and description. It is far from a fact that this model is conceived and interpreted as a model of information metabolism in the socionic sense. Perhaps it serves to model completely different processes.
There is no way to say that there are different types in the MBTI just because the functions have been assigned a different number. We know the main thing: types are determined using a questionnaire based on basic dichotomies and applied on the same grounds. Models are not involved in diagnostics, nor in type descriptions. What exactly do they describe and whether they are used for something or whether they remain simply written on paper - I would like to understand"

conclusions

The MBTI test does not fundamentally contradict socionic theory in terms of Jung’s basis. This is not surprising, because both theories have the same basis. Moreover, recent theoretical studies of MBTI bring it even closer to socionic theory. At the same time, the MBTI test is supported by a significant number of international studies confirming both its scientific significance and reliable support for the idea of four dichotomies and 16 types.

The key difference between MBTI and socionics is the point of view of the person being typed. In one case, this is self-typing, which, in fact, results in information not so much about who a person is, but about who he sees himself. In socionics, the methodology is aimed at independently typing a person the way he interacts with the real world. The difference between the results of self-typing and typing can be very significant, because in fact, these are answers to completely different questions.

PART 3. DIAGNOSTICS OF INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ABILITIES

With the right choice of future professional destiny, there must be a coincidence of a person’s individual characteristics with the requirements of the profession. The methods presented in the third part of the manual allow us to determine psychological types that reflect the most pronounced business qualities, behavioral characteristics, personal style of activity and the most suitable professions.

A questionnaire on types of intelligence allows you to identify a propensity for a particular type of activity, which can help in choosing a future profession.

In the USA, when building a person’s career and determining his future professional destiny, the Myers-Briggs Questionnaire (MBTI - Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) is used, which is a convenient working classification of psychological types that allows you to quickly assess:

The most pronounced business qualities,

Features of behavior

Style of activity (leadership),

Optimal working environment (including preferred operating mode),

- “weak points” and possible ways of development.

In Russia, the questionnaire has been successfully used for more than 10 years in the work of personnel services of a number of organizations, as well as career counseling and employment centers (professional retraining).

The MBTI compares favorably with many psychological tests, first of all, in its underlying theoretical basis. You can also list a number of other “advantages”:

It is a complete system;

Contains accumulated practical experience that allows you to make specific descriptions;

Easy to use, constructive;

Technological (has technological methods of application to specific cases);

Does not appeal to “clinical experience”;

Understandable by both professionals and those interested;

Provides an understanding of the characteristics and capabilities of the individual in relation to a wide range of tasks.

The test is based on C. Jung's typology of personalities. According to Jung, all human inclinations, likes and dislikes are rooted in the differences in the basic (innate or formed in childhood) ways of receiving (perceiving), understanding (processing) and using information by different people. The technique makes it possible to identify four basic preferences in everyone, the variants of their combinations make up 16 different personality types, each person corresponds to one of them. Despite the fact that the severity of the type may vary, the technique makes it possible to establish individual characteristics quite accurately.

Structure and principle of operation of the test.

Test questions allow you to identify people’s preferences by choosing each time from two equivalent alternatives (these are options for a person’s behavior in different situations or pairs of concepts), each of which is not “right” or “wrong” - just different people behave differently in similar situations themselves, are interested in different things, are drawn to different areas and sometimes have difficulty understanding each other (from the series “there is no friend for taste, for color”, it’s just that one likes apples, and the other - semolina...). When making a choice, a person scores points on one of 4 bipolar scales (3 main scales are indicators of basic preferences, the 4th scale is the style of behavior in conditions of uncertainty).

Comparison of indicators obtained at two poles of one scale shows how much a person prefers (more often uses) one way of working with information over another, but not how well the function is developed. The “right-handed-left-handed” metaphor helps to understand what is meant by preference - using the dominant, preferred hand is natural and does not require additional effort (for example, when writing), and, conversely, using a non-dominant hand, a person experiences discomfort and requires more time to perform the same task.

The personality type is identified on the basis of obtaining indicators of the sum of points scored for each pole. As a result, we get a four-letter designation, for example ESTJ, INFP, etc.

Scales (factors).

The scales of the questionnaire allow you to assess the individual severity of four main aspects (functions) of interaction with information corresponding to the scales of the methodology:

How does a person replenish and where does he direct his energy (what does he focus his attention on) - outside or inside himself - Extraversion – Introversion scale (E-I);

What kind of information and in what way does he perceive first and most easily? scale Sensory (feeling) – Intuition (S-N);

How does he make decisions (what is he primarily guided by) – Thinking – Feeling scale (T-F);

What lifestyle does he prefer (living in an orderly, defined world or in a freer, unstructured world, exploring, considering different options) - Judgment-Perception scale (J-P).

Instructions: There are no “right” or “wrong” answers to these questions. Your answers will help you see how you usually look at things and what you do when you need to make a decision. By knowing your preferences, learning about the preferences of other people, you can identify your strengths, understand what kind of work gives you pleasure and how people with different preferences can interact with each other. Read each question carefully and mark your answer on the special form by circling the letter of the choice Your answer options.

Do not make any notes in the text of the questionnaire! Do not think about the questions for a long time, give the first answer that comes to your mind.

The questionnaire contains two types of questions. In the first type, you need to choose which answer option best matches what you usually feel or do. In the second type, you need to determine which word in the pair you like best. Focus on the purpose of the word, not on how it looks.

Questionnaire text:

1. Usually you:

a) sociable; b) quite reserved and calm.

2. If you were a teacher, which course would you prefer:

a) built on a statement of facts;

b) including a presentation of theories.

3. You more often allow:

a) control your heart with your mind; b) control your heart with your mind.

4. When you go somewhere for the whole day, you:

a) plan what and when you will do;

b) leave without a specific plan.

5. When in company, you usually:

a) join the general conversation;

b) talk from time to time with one person.

6. You find it easier to get along with people:

a) having a rich imagination; b) realistic.

7. You consider the words higher praise:

a) a sincere person; b) a consistently reasoning person.

8. Do you prefer:

a) arrange meetings, parties, etc. in advance;

b) be able to decide at the last moment how to have fun.

9. In a large company, more often:

a) You introduce people to each other; b) You are introduced to others.

10. You could rather be called:

a) a practical person; b) an inventor.

11. Usually you:

a) value feelings more than logic; b) value logic more than feelings.

12. You are more likely to succeed:

a) acting in an unpredictable situation when you need to make quick decisions;

b) following a carefully developed plan.

13. Do you prefer:

a) have several close, loyal friends;

b) have friendly connections with a variety of people.

14. You prefer people who:

a) follow generally accepted norms and do not attract attention to themselves;

b) are so original that they don’t care whether people pay attention to them or

15. In your opinion, the biggest disadvantage is to be:

a) insensitive; b) unreasonable.

16. Following a schedule:

a) attracts you; b) constrains you.

17. Among your friends you:

a) later than others, you will learn about events in their lives;

b) usually know a lot of news about them.

18. Would you prefer to have among your friends a person who:

a) always full of new ideas; b) looks at the world soberly and realistically.

19. Would you prefer to work under a person who:

a) always kind; b) always fair.

20. Thoughts on making a weekend to-do list:

a) you are attracted to; b) leaves you indifferent; c) depresses you.

21. Do you usually:

a) you can easily talk to almost anyone for any length of time;

b) you can find a topic of conversation with only a few people and only in certain situations.

22. When you read for pleasure, you like:

a) unusual, original manner of presentation;

b) when writers clearly express their thoughts.

23. Do you think that a more serious drawback is:

a) be too cordial; b) not being cordial enough.

24. In your daily work:

a) You prefer critical situations when you have to work under time pressure;

b) hate working under tight deadlines;

c) usually plan your work so that you have enough time.

25. People can determine your area of interest:

a) when I first meet you; b) only when they get to know you better.

26. When doing the same job as many other people, you prefer:

a) do it the traditional way;

b) invent your own way.

27. Are you more concerned about:

a) people’s feelings; b) their rights.

28. When you need to do a certain job, you usually:

a) carefully organize everything before starting work;

b) you prefer to find out everything you need while working.

29. Usually you:

a) freely express your feelings; b) keep your feelings to yourself.

30. Do you prefer:

a) be original; b) follow generally accepted standards.

31. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) meek; b) persistent.

32. When you need to do something at a certain time, you think that:

a) it’s better to plan everything in advance;

b) it is somewhat unpleasant to be bound by these plans.

33. We can say that you:

a) more enthusiastic compared to other people;

b) less enthusiastic than most people.

34. The highest praise for a person would be recognition:

a) his ability to foresight; b) his common sense.

35. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) thoughts; b) feelings.

36. Usually:

a) You prefer to do everything at the last minute;

b) for you, putting off everything until the last minute is too much hassle.

37. At parties you:

a) sometimes it gets boring; b) always fun.

38. Do you think it is more important:

a) see different possibilities in any situation;

b) perceive the facts as they are.

39. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) convincing; b) touching.

40. Do you think that having a stable daily routine:

a) very convenient for doing many things;

b) painful, even when necessary.

41. When something comes into fashion, do you usually:

a) be one of the first to try it; b) you have little interest in this.

42. Are you more likely to:

a) adhere to generally accepted methods of work;

b) look for what is still wrong and take on unresolved problems.

43. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) analyze; b) empathize.

44. When you think about doing some not very important thing or buying some small thing, you:

a) you often forget about it and remember too late;

b) write it down on paper so you don’t forget;

c) always do this without additional reminders.

45. Find out what kind of person you are:

a) quite easy; b) quite difficult.

46. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) facts; b) ideas.

47. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) justice; b) sympathy.

48. It is more difficult for you to adapt:

a) to monotony; b) to constant change.

49. When you find yourself in a difficult situation, you usually:

a) change the conversation to something else; b) turn everything into a joke;

c) after a few days you think what you should have said.

50. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) approval; b) idea.

51. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) sympathy; b) prudence.

52. When you start something big that will take you a week, you:

a) first make a list of what needs to be done and in what order;

b) get to work right away.

53. You believe that your loved ones know your thoughts:

a) good enough; b) only when you intentionally report them.

54. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) theory; b) fact.

55. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) benefit; b) good deed.

56. When performing any work, you usually:

a) plan your work in such a way as to finish with plenty of time;

b) at the last moment you work with the highest productivity.

57. When at a party, do you prefer:

a) actively participate in the development of events;

b) let others have fun as they want.

58. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) literal; b) figurative.

59. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) decisive; b) devoted.

60. If on a weekend morning you are asked what you are going to do during the day, you:

a) you can answer quite accurately;

b) list twice as many things as you can do;

c) you would prefer not to think ahead.

61. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) energetic; b) calm.

62. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) figurative; b) prosaic.

63. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) unyielding; b) kind-hearted.

64. The monotony of everyday affairs seems to you:

a) calm; b) tedious.

65. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) reserved; b) talkative.

66. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) produce; b) create.

67. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) peacemaker; b) judge.

68. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) planned; b) unscheduled.

69. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) calm; b) lively.

70. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) prudent; b) charming.

71. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) soft; b) hard.

72. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) methodical; b) spontaneous.

73. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) speak; b) write.

74. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) production; b) planning.

75. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) forgive; b) allow.

76. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) systematic; b) random.

77. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) sociable; b) closed.

78. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) specific; b) abstract.

79. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

who; b) what.

80. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) impulse; b) decision.

81. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) party; b) theater.

82. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) build; b) invent.

83. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) uncritical; b) critical.

84. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) punctual; b) free.

85. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) base; b) top.

86. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) careful; b) trusting.

87. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) changeable; b) unchanged.

88. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) theory; b) practice.

89. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) agree; b) discuss.

90. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) disciplined; b) carefree.

91. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) sign; b) symbol.

92. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) swift; b) thorough.

93. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) accept; b) change.

94. Which word from the pair (A or B) do you like better:

a) famous; b) unknown.

Processing the results:

After answering all 4 blocks of questions, separately sum up the number of points for each block. The property from the column in the block where the sum of points is greater corresponds to you more. As a result of filling out the entire questionnaire, you will be able to describe your own psychological type with four properties.

Answer form for the MBTI typological questionnaire:

E-I

S-N

T-F

J-P

№

a b

a B C

a b

a B C

a b

a B C

a b

a B C

a b

a B C

a b

Total

Key to the MBTI Questionnaire:

E-I	S-N	T-F	J-P
№		E	I	№		S	N	№		T	F	№		J	P
	a b	-	-		a b	-	-		a b	- 1(2)	2(1) -		a b	-	-
	a b	-	-		a b	-	-		a b	- 2(2)	1(1) -		a b	-	-
	a b	-	-		a b	-	-		a b	-	-		a b	-	-
	a b	-	-		a b	-	-		a b	- -	-		a b	-	-
	a b	-	-		a b	-	-		a b	- -	2(1) -		a B C	- -	-
	a b	-	-		a b	-	- -		a b	-	- -		a B C	- -	- -
	a b	-	-		a b	-	-		a b	- 2(1)	- -		a b	-	-
	a b	-	- -		a b	-	- -		a b	-	-		a b	-	-
	a b	-	-		a b	-	-		a b	2(2) -	- 1(2)		a b	-	-
	a b	-	-		a b	-	- -		a b	-	- 1(2)		a b	- -
	a b	- -	-		a b	-	- -		a b	1(2) -	-		a B C	- -	- -
	a b	-	-		a b	-	-		a b	-	-		a b	-	-
	a B C	- -	- -		a b	-	-		a b	-	-		a b	-	-
	a b	-	-		a b	-	-		a b	-	-		a b	- -	-
	a b	-	-		a b	-	-		a b	-	- 2(1)		a B C	- - -	-
	a b	-	-		a b	-	- -		a b	-	- -		a b	-	- -
	a b	-	-		a b	-	- -		a b	-	- -		a b	-	-
	a b	-	-		a b	-	- -		a b	-	- -		a b	-	-
	a b	- -	-		a b	-	-		a b	-	- -		a b	-	-
	a b	-	-		a b	-	-		a b	-	- -		a b	-	-
	a b	-	- -		a b	-	-		a b	-	-		a b	-	-
					a b	- -	-		a b	-	- -		a b	-	- -
					a b	- -	-		a b	- -	-		a b	-	-
					a b	-	- -						a b	- -	-
					a b	-	- -
					a b	-	-
Total			Total			Total			Total

Interpretation of results:

First, and most importantly, these descriptions will help you firmly establish your psychological type. Whether you've used the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator or just roughly established your preferences, these descriptions will support your research and demonstrate how the four preferences interact with each other to create a unique personality type. If, when reading the description of your type, you see that you agree with most of its provisions, then you most likely have established your type correctly. As you read the description, it may be helpful to underline or highlight points with which you particularly agree or disagree.

You can then read your description to someone you know well - this could be your colleague, boss or subordinate. Ask the person to say which elements of your profile they particularly agree or disagree with. His response will be extremely useful for you: with its help you will understand how close the perception of you by others is to your self-esteem.

In addition, descriptions can be used as a tool for collective activities. Sharing each other's characteristics and keeping them on hand for important moments (before meetings, during urgent work, in crisis situations) will encourage open communication and allow each employee to address their strengths and be mindful of their own weaknesses.

Here's another way to use psychological characteristics: they will help you cope with a person who gives you particular problems at work. If you know all four of this person's preferences (or at least have an idea of what they are), then by reading the description of his type, you will understand where the problem lies. And this can give you the opportunity to establish communication and cope with this problem.

The Myers-Briggs typology is a personality typology that arose on the basis of Jung's typology in the 40s of the 20th century and became widespread in the USA and Europe. Based on this typology, a psychological testing system was created - the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).

Prevalence.

The Myers-Briggs diagnostic system has found wide application in business, in the largest Western companies. In the United States, up to 70% of high school graduates undergo a personality type determination using the MBTI to choose a future profession. More than 2 million people complete the MBTI questionnaire every year. The MBTI questionnaire has been translated into 30 languages (including Russian) and is used all over the world.

The main application areas of the Myers-Briggs typology:

self-knowledge and personal growth;
career growth and career guidance;
development of organizations;
management and leadership trainings;
problem solving;
family consultations;
education and curriculum design;
scientific work;
Interpersonal interaction trainings.

Criticism.

The scientific basis of the Myers-Briggs typology is questionable. Some of these doubts stem from the developers' lack of qualifications and training in psychometrics. Another part of the doubts is related to the very idea of the typological approach in psychology. Thus, the typological approach assumes the presence of distinct “types”, i.e. bimodal distribution of responses on a dichotomous scale. While in research the distribution of answers tends to be normal and the presentation of results in a binary format (thinking-feeling, extraversion-introversion, etc.) entails, on the one hand, a noticeable loss of information, and on the other hand, leads to errors in measurement.

Key words: Jung, socionics, MBTI, Myers-Briggs typology, tests, theory, distribution.

What is socionics?

In this regard, A. Augustinavichiute writes:

In socionics, Jung's mental functions are renamed by A. Augustinavichiute, and thinking, feeling, intuition and sensations are called logic, ethics, intuition and sensory, respectively.

What is MBTI?

Similarities and differences

That's what it means. All basic dichotomies coincide, several small groups are known in MBTI, the general description of the types coincides with the socionic one.

At the same time, the MBTI also has functional models of each type.

Rice. 1 Type functions in MBTI

The functions in the MBTI model are defined as follows.

It should be noted that the interpretation of the “main” functions of the MBTI is generally similar to the socionic one, but not in all respects.

The fourth is painful. This function can develop already in adulthood, giving balance to life. Before this, fears, negative projections on others and “shoulds” are associated with it.

The interpretation of the role of each of the identified “shadow” functions in MBTI still differs from the interpretation of the socionic model, while reflecting the corresponding main functions.

Fifth the function is characterized as crybaby.

Sixth – critical parent, stopping and demoralizing others.

Seventh - a deceptive distraction, according to it, what is not important seems important to us.

Eighth – demonic, destructive a function whose actions are usually regretted later.

Comment by T.N. Prokofieva:

"Let us analyze the correspondence of models using the example of TIM ILE (ENTP, Don Quixote) to see the similarities and differences.

Portal for schoolchildren. Self-preparation

1. You are completely exhausted, the week has been long and not the best. How will you spend your weekend?

2. Which of the two descriptions suits you better?

3. A company that is a competitor of your employer is trying to lure you away. You doubt it: they pay much more there, but the team here is excellent, and the head of the department hinted that he recommends you to management before retiring. How will you make a decision?

4. There are 2 weeks before the wedding of your close friends. How are you doing with your preparations?

Now look for your Myers-Briggs personality type!

ESTJ - MANAGER

ENTJ - COMMANDER

ESFJ - TEACHER

ESTP - MARSHAL

ENFJ - MENTOR

ENTP - INVENTOR

ESFP - POLITICIAN

ENFP - CHAMPION

INFP - HEALER

ISFP - COMPOSER

INTP - ARCHITECT

INTJ - INSPIRER

ISFJ - PROTECTOR

ISTP - CRAFTMAN

ISTJ - INSPECTOR

What is socionics?

What is MBTI?

Similarities and differences

conclusions

Prevalence.

Criticism.

What is socionics?

What is MBTI?

Similarities and differences

conclusions

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