The events of recent years have shown that we have lost a lot. We have forgotten how to live according to the laws of our ancestors, in the Christian spirit- as God commands and teaches the Holy Church. We have lost the old foundations and continuity of the traditional way of life, and we have to restore it if we do not want spiritual and moral degradation and degeneration. Among the many tasks facing Russian society today, the most important is the restoration of the historical memory of the people, the Orthodox faith, associated values, ideals, moral guidelines, domestic folk traditions in public, family life and in the upbringing of children.

The problem of educating the younger generation today is the main one for Russia. Its priority is recognized by teachers, parents, the Church, public and statesmen, but there are very, very few beneficial and effective steps - due to the lack of unanimity among adults, designed to provide a worthy education.

To educate a spiritual and moral person means to find support in her person for the future family, church community, professional team, state and society. And here one cannot do without the succession of national ideals - ascetics of faith and piety, examples of holiness, patriotism, valor and honor. One of the clearest examples This is what the holy noble Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky, the descendant and heir of the legendary princely family of the Monomakhoviches, has been serving for our compatriots for many centuries. The kind that gave Russia 15 out of 18 grand dukes and 20 saints. A clan that not only accepted Orthodoxy, but embraced the entire depth of the Christian way of life and understanding that power means serving God, its people and has nothing of itself. It was the Monomakhoviches who began to effectively form the idea of ​​a single Orthodox state in Russia.

Holy Blessed Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky for many centuries serves for our compatriots as an image of holiness. From that tragic era, it is difficult for us to find similar examples of such consistent life achievement, as in the right-believing Prince Alexander service to God, Orthodoxy and one's people is most fully combined.

What did it consist of immortal feat and good example of Alexander Nevsky? Why did he become a national hero of Russia, an outstanding grand duke, a wise politician-diplomat, a brave commander and a glorified saint of the Orthodox Church? In what ways did his earthly life go, passing, according to historians, as "between the hammer and the anvil"? These questions can only be answered by carefully studying the evidence of ancient chronicles, lives and other sources.

Fate gave Prince Alexander Yaroslavich only 43 years (1220-1263) of earthly life. At first he was the ruler of the Novgorod land, the defender of Novgorod and Pskov, and from 1249 he became the Grand Duke of Vladimir, the head of all Russia. Ruled by Alexander the country of the Russians in the most difficult time the Tatar-Mongol yoke and the German, Livonian and Swedish Catholic knightly orders that took up arms from the west and north. He became famous as a wise politician and a talented commander. which was admired even by his enemies.

In 1263, at the end of November, returning from the Horde, he died in Gorodets on the Volga, having taken monastic tonsure - a schema with the name Alexy. Having learned about the death of the prince from a messenger during the service, Metropolitan Kirill then said from the pulpit of the temple:

"My children, know: the sun of the Russian land has set."

And then miracles happened, signifying that an extraordinary person completed his life path. And the Russian chronicler wrote down the words:

"... God glorify your saint, who has worked hard for our land and for Novgorod and Pskov, and for the whole Russian land, believing his life, for Orthodox Christianity."

From the life of Alexander Nevsky we see what moral height and strength Christian duty and civic responsibility reached in him. The modern world, including Christians, is simply sick paralysis of irresponsibility. Irresponsibility is shameful and disgusting in all areas of human life. But it is precisely it that permeates today all layers of social and family life.

Russian philosopher I.A. Ilyin once wrote that due to the impoverishment of spirituality, the inability to experience religious experience, "humanity has shaken sense of duty and responsibility. Spirit is creative energy; it is natural for him to impute to himself what he has done and to answer for what he has done. This feeling is the surest sign of spirituality.

Any person can become an ascetic, become a saint, reach the level of great saints, if only he wishes it with all his being. Many have read the answer of St. Seraphim of Sarov to the question:

“Why aren’t the miracles performed by the ancient Christians now?”

And the reverend replied:

“Because people don’t have that determination and zeal for pleasing God and serving as before.”

In this context, the concepts of "determination" and "responsibility" are extremely close.

His whole life can be likened to an icon, an image, according to which the rulers of Russia and its defenders should build their activities. On the icon of St. Alexander Nevsky in the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, at the shrine with relics, four main hypostases of the prince are reflected: as an ideal leader- he is dressed in a grand ducal mantle, as a defender of the faith- points the way to Christ, like a warrior- dressed in military armor, like a folk hero- stands on Russian soil, as "The Sun of the Russian Land". This marvelous icon fully embodies Alexander Nevsky as a symbol of Russia.

What is the ruler of the people, such are those who serve under him(Sir. 10:2).

Personality education, especially at a young age, is based on the imitation of positive examples.. For all Christians, the Supreme Ideal is Christ. The Apostle Paul also points out the way of approaching the Ideal:

Therefore, I beseech you: imitate me, as I imitate Christ(Cor. 4:16).

« It is not easy to immediately imitate Christ. Imitate first your good neighbors. Let this be the first step. Imitate the good people of your people. Let this be the second step. Then imitate the great saints of the Church. This will be the third step. And finally, imitate Christ. This is a peak that cannot be climbed with one jerk. ”(St. Nicholas of Serbia).

By his example, Alexander Nevsky asks us an image of educating a whole, spiritual and moral personality - as a Christian, family man and citizen. These three most important components constitute the general line of pedagogical activity, carried out in cooperation between the family, the school and the Church, parents, teachers and pastors. Without their unanimity and without selfless labor in caring for “these little ones,” the upbringing of a whole personality is also unattainable.

Spirit Education is the upbringing of a Christian , which is feasible only with the participation of the Church, the pastoral care of parents, children and teachers in order to gain unanimity, harmony and Christian love.

Education of the soul of a well-behaved and noble is the upbringing of a family man the grace-filled structure of family life in the Christian way of life and church tradition.

body education is the education of a citizen - a patriot who loves the Fatherland and is able to defend it, to which young men are called most of all - through the efforts of the State, the Church and the public school.

If parents, teachers and pastors achieve this in unanimity in the upbringing of children - making them children of God, the Church, Fatherland and parents - then everything else: education, development of talents, health and the necessary means of life - will be added, as the Lord said about it. in the Sermon on the Mount:

Seek first the Kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all this will be added to you.(Matthew 6:33).

Sections: Literature

Our thousand-year-old culture is at the heart of national values, spiritual and moral guidelines. It is the embodiment of the Christian ideals of our ancestors that are majestic temples, iconography, ancient literature. At present, it is especially important to involve the younger generation in the domestic spiritual traditions. A responsible role in this is assigned to the lessons of literature, where the problem of “spiritual and moral education” is solved, which is understood as the process of promoting the spiritual and moral development of a person, the formation of his moral feelings, moral character, moral position, moral behavior.

Topic:"The Face of the Saint in Hagiographic Literature".

Tasks:

• Compare the appearance of the hero in icon painting, painting and hagiographic literature using the example of the image of A. Nevsky as a historical figure and as a Saint.
• To deepen the idea of ​​such a literary genre as life. To reveal the concepts of “saint”, “icon”, “hagiographic portrait”.
• Expand your horizons with knowledge about the symbolic language of the icon.
• To realize the significance of ancient Russian literature, which gives a clear distinction between the concepts of good and evil, duty and honor, truth and conscience, man and the meaning of life - the highest universal moral and spiritual values.

DURING THE CLASSES

The name of the Saint given to him is more expressive than the Great.

N. M. Karamzin

I stage. Preparation for the perception and comprehension of the text

Target: to create an emotional mood of students for the perception of information.

Introductory speech of the teacher(against the background of the slideshow - cf. Application , slide 1-2)

Any literature creates its own world, embodying the world of ideas of contemporary society. Let's try to restore the world of ancient Russian literature. What kind of a single and huge building is this, on the construction of which dozens of generations of Russian scribes worked for seven hundred years - unknown or known to us only by their modest names and about which almost no biographical data has been preserved, and there are not even autographs left?
The feeling of the significance of what is happening, the significance of everything temporal, the significance of the history of human existence, did not leave the ancient Russian person either in life, or in art, or in literature.
Man, living in the world, remembered the world as a whole as a huge unity, felt his place in this world. His house was located at a red corner to the east. Upon death, he was placed in the grave with his head to the west, so that his face would meet the sun. His churches were turned with altars towards the emerging day. In the temple, the murals reminded of the events of the Old and New Testaments, gathered around it the world of holiness. The Church was a microcosm, and at the same time she was a macro person.
Big world and small, the universe and man! Everything is interconnected, everything is significant, everything reminds a person of the meaning of his existence, of the greatness of the world, the significance of the fate of a person in it.
It is no coincidence that in the Apocrypha about the creation of Adam it is said that his body was created from earth, bones from stones, blood from the sea (not from water, but from the sea), eyes from the sun, thoughts from clouds, light in the eyes from the light of the universe, breath from wind, body heat from fire.
Man is a microcosm, a “small world,” as some ancient Russian writings call him.
Man felt himself an insignificant particle in the big world and yet a participant in world history. In this world, everything is significant, full of hidden meaning ...
Old Russian literature can be regarded as the literature of one theme and one plot. This plot is world history, and this topic is the meaning of human life...

(Dm. Likhachev “On the world of ancient Russian literature”)

II stage. Frontal survey of the theoretical material of previous lessons in order to consolidate and deepen concepts.

- When and in connection with what did ancient Russian literature arise? (It arose in the 10th century, in connection with the adoption of Christianity. Unlike paganism, this religion was “bookish”, its key source was the Bible).

- How does ancient Russian literature differ from the literature of modern times? (Handwritten narration was built according to strict canons, closely connected with religion and business writing).

– Works of what genres does Old Russian literature include? (Psalm, prayer, teaching, sermon, "word". But the role of the most widespread and popular genre, undoubtedly, belongs to life).

– What is a life or hagiography? (Slide 3) (“Agios” - from the Greek “saint”, “graphos” - “I write” - a biography of holy people. Life is a spiritual genre, like all ancient Russian literature, therefore its goal is to glorify the saint).

– What are the canonical features of life? (“Canon” - from the Greek “norm, sample”. The life was compiled after the death of the saint. The narration is conducted from the 3rd person, it is distinguished by its unhurried presentation, calm intonation, with an abundance of Church Slavonicisms. The composition of the life is built according to a strict scheme. The hero is idealized, his inner the world is not depicted in development, it is the chosen one from the moment of birth.Space and time in life are conditional).

Exercise 1. With the help of etymological and explanatory dictionaries, determine the semantics of the word “saint”.

1. Name of God: "Holy be you, for holy am I, the Lord your God."
2. Everything that relates to the Divine, to the truths of faith, the object of highest reverence, worship (holy relics, holy gates, holy water).
3. (transfer). Sublime, ideal, the most expensive (holy love for the motherland).

Saint - a person who dedicated his life to God. Doing good and hating evil, deserving from God for his love and faith special gifts, for example, the gift of miracles. (Recording the definition in a notebook).

Teacher: So, a person becomes a saint, an object to the extent of his closeness to God.

- What concept for you corresponds to the central point of the circle? How would you represent the eigenpath vector in this circle?

Demonstration of the slide "Image of the world in the Christian understanding." (Slide 4)

The “mechanism of growing” into holiness was figuratively shown by St. Abba Dorotheos, an Eastern ascetic of the end of the 6th and beginning of the 7th centuries: “Imagine a circle, its middle is the center, and outgoing radii from the center are rays. These radii, the farther from the center, the more they diverge and move away from each other; on the contrary, the closer to the center, the more they approach each other. Imagine now that this circle is the world, the very middle of the circle is God, and the straight lines (radii) going from the center of the circle or from the circle to the center are the paths of people's lives. As far as the Saints enter inside the circle to the middle of the onago, desiring to draw nearer to God, so much as they enter, they become closer both to God and to each other... Thus, understand about moving away. When they move away from God and turn to the outside, it is obvious that to the extent that they move away from the center and move away from God, they also move away from each other to the same extent.

(Monastic deed: Collection of teachings of the holy fathers and ascetics of piety - M.. 1991)

Task 2. Divide words with missing vowels into 2 columns: with the root “light” and with the root “holy” (The work is checked against slide 5).

Dedicate ... with a flashlight, dedicate ... your poem to your mother, consecrated ... the water in the temple; consecrated .... tiled the street with new lanterns; consecrated Easter cakes and eggs; illuminated windows on a dark street; enlightenment of the people comes with books; the monument to Pushkin is sacred to us; dedicated the lyre ... to his people; the priest ... the priest brought the holy ... gifts.

Teacher: Light is material, created by God. And holiness is the invisible and incomprehensible essence of God, which he gave to people as an opportunity (ideal), creating a person in his own image and likeness.

(Ivanova S.F. Introduction to the Temple of the Word: A book for reading with children at school and at home. - M., 1994).

In the history of Christianity there are the names of many people who became famous for their kindness, honesty, firmness in faith and courage in suffering. They began to be called saints and carefully cherished the memory of them. Events from their lives recorded and made up instructive stories about the labors, deeds and miracles of the heroes.

III stage. Student posts with teacher comments

Goals:

• Tell about the specifics and mystery of the Russian icon.
• Consider the image of A. Nevsky as a historical figure.

– What image appears when we talk about saints? (Icon)

- What is an icon? (Icon - from the Greek “eikon”, - “image, object of worship” - a picturesque image of God, a saint or saints. Much in icons seems mysterious, incomprehensible, and the image on them must be able to be understood, because icon painters, creating them, turn to us in the language of symbols. Nowadays, this language is forgotten, many simply do not know it. And once even illiterate people could “read” the icon, experience some events, imitate good examples. in the icon there is no question of the shape of the nose and the color of the eyes, of wrinkles or freckles. The worshiper sees not the earthly, but the spiritual appearance, not the face, but the face, freed from everything accidental and temporary).

– What symbols in icon painting do you know? (The circle is a very important symbol in icon painting. Having neither beginning nor end, it means Eternity. The radiance of holiness above the heads of God and the saints is also depicted as a circle. Its name is a halo, translated from Latin as “cloud”. The cross is a symbol unbroken faith. Like everything in the icon, the clothes became a symbol. One could recognize warriors, kings, prophets, martyrs or priests by it).

– How were the holy images painted? (Feature of the image of the face: the icons depicted elongated faces, which are characterized by sharpness, irregular facial features).

- What do the flaws in the image of faces indicate? (The author aims specifically at the spiritual world of the saint. The faces of the saints are concentrated. They are very far from earthly experiences - anger and surprise, grief and joy. Their hands are raised in prayer or bless people).

In what light should the icon be viewed? (By a candle, because the pulsating light of a candle transforms the space of the icon. Icons are worshiped, they are prayed to, candles are placed on them. A candle is a symbol of a prayerful impulse, aspiration to God, when the best feelings shine and all the bad ones - sins burn out).

What is the main color of the image? (Slide 6) (The icon was a kind of book, where every word, and hence the lines and colors are sacred. The color in the icon painting is also symbolic.
Golden color- denotes the radiance of God (God himself).
Purple or crimson color- the color of the king, the lord - God in heaven, the emperor on earth.
Red- the color of warmth, love, life, a symbol of the Resurrection - the victory of life over death. But at the same time it is the color of blood and torment, the color of the sacrifice of Christ.
White color- a symbol of the Divine color. It is the color of purity, holiness and simplicity.
Blue and cyan colors meant the sky, a symbol of another eternal world.
Green color- natural, living. The color of grass and leaves, youth, flowering, hope, eternal renewal.
Brown- the color of bare earth, dust, everything temporary and perishable.
Black color- the color of evil and death).

– What does the characterization of the description of the icon of Alexander Nevsky testify to? Describe his face. Add values (Work on the board and in notebooks).

Icon of Alexander Nevsky (Slide 7)

Above - a purple mantle with a sable collar (noble, princely family).
Under the mantle - chain mail (warrior, commander).
Sword in hand - an indication of spiritual warfare, intercession (defender of the earth, Russian faith).
Above the head is a golden halo and luminous reflections (signs of the Divine presence, holiness).
The face is calm and sad, detached from everything vain and earthly.

Teacher: The mind and will of the artist were not supposed to influence the eternal and unchanging. It was the eternal that was depicted on the icons, and therefore the backgrounds shone with heavenly gold, everyday details disappeared, the figures became light, gestures significant, views - deep and inseparable “for centuries”. When a master looks at a model, he wants to make his work better, and people, looking at holy images, imitate what is good.

- Give historical information about the battles on the Neva and Lake Peipsi? (Individual messages of students).

- In 1240, the Swedish knights invaded the northwestern lands of Russia. They entered the Neva River on ships and stopped at the mouth of its tributary, the Izhora. With a small retinue, Prince Alexander Yaroslavich attacked the enemy on June 15, 1240 and won a brilliant victory. Hence the nickname of Alexander - Nevsky.
In 1241-1242, he led the fight against the troops of the Lithuanian knights, who captured the Pskov and Novgorod lands. On April 5, 1242, a decisive battle took place on the ice of Lake Peipus, which ended in the defeat of the enemies and went down in history under the name “Battle on the Ice”.
Alexander Nevsky was an outstanding diplomat. Understanding the futility of military operations against the Golden Horde in the circumstances of that time, he maintained peaceful relations with the Khan, pursued a policy of uniting northeastern and northwestern Russia and strengthening the power of the grand duke. The prince traveled to the Golden Horde several times, even managed to get the Russians freed from the obligation to supply troops to the Tatars.

Task 3. Look at the picture of Corin. "Alexander Nevsky", compare it with the icon (Slide 8).

- Describe the face, pose of Alexander Nevsky. What is the color scheme of the image? What symbols can you see in the picture? What is the author's perception of the hero? (The majestic figure of Alexander Nevsky occupies almost the entire picture, towering over the surrounding distances. The commander stands facing the viewer, putting his hands on the hilt of the sword. His armor is cast in a metallic color, his angry gaze is directed into the distance, as if he sees a foreign army that dared to enter the Russian land His stern look and open face express confidence in the strength of the Russian army).

IV stage. Perception of the text. Literary, linguistic commentary. General text analysis

Target: create a hagiographic portrait of Alexander Nevsky.

Teacher: Alexander Nevsky as a wise statesman and great commander is dedicated to life. This work was written in the Nativity Monastery in Vladimir, where the prince was buried.
The author of the life knew the prince, was a witness to his state affairs and military exploits. Scientists believe that the life was written by Metropolitan Kirill. The narrator's feeling of lively sympathy for Alexander, admiration for his military and state activities led to a special sincerity and lyricism of the narration.

– How does the author assess the role of the prince in preserving the unity of Russia? (A hagiographic story about Alexander Nevsky should show that, despite the subordination of Russian principalities to the Mongol-Tatars, princes remained in Russia, whose courage and wisdom can resist enemies. Even Batu recognized the greatness of Alexander).

Task 4. Reread the scene of the first battle of Alexander Nevsky with the Germans. What kind of commander does the author of the life of the Grand Duke portray? Complete the table with quotes from the text. (Work in notebooks).

Troop strength	The state of mind of the commander	speech characteristic	Outcome of the battle
“I went to the enemies with a small squad”	“I trusted in the Holy Trinity,” “burned my heart,” “began to pray with tears,” “began to encourage the squad.”	"God is not in power, but in truth." “Judge, Lord, those who offend me and protect them from those who fight with me, take a weapon and a shield and stand up to help me.”	“The prince interrupted their countless multitude, and left a trace of his sharp stake on the face of the king himself.” “Prince Alexander returned with victory, praising and glorifying the name of his Creator.”

- Under what circumstances does Alexander Nevsky utter the aphorism: “God is not in power, but in truth?” Which is stronger: force or truth? (God is the main force. Truth is God, it will triumph over force. Therefore: truth is stronger than force).

– How is the ideal of a wise ruler and a brave commander created? (The characteristics of the prince in his life are very diverse. On the one hand, he is full of church virtues - quiet, meek, humble, on the other hand, a courageous and invincible warrior, in battle swift, selfless and merciless to the enemy. This is how the ideal of a wise prince, ruler and brave commander).

- Who is Joseph?

– Why is the strength of A. Nevsky likened to Samson?

Who is Solomon? What is common between Solomon and Nevsky?

Task 5. Make a spiritual portrait of Alexander Nevsky using syncwine. (Slide 9)

- Is it possible to classify Alexander Nevsky as a saint on the basis of a hagiographic portrait?

What is his holiness? Prove from the text. (Prayed, believed in an omen, looks like God, shows miracles after death).

– Was Karamzin right when he said that “the name of the Saint given to him is more expressive than the Great”? (The value of a person is determined by his “disposition” and “actions”, and “spiritual good deeds”, “thoughts” and “perfect life”, especially “love, humility, submission, brotherly love” make him “holy”).

- How did Alexander Nevsky deserve the title of "Saint"? (The life of Alexander Nevsky is filled with dangers, battles, travels, but not peace. He served for the Orthodox faith, but did not “trade” it like the Pope, did not allow the clergy to use him. “I believe, and that’s enough ... Not for the land, you can’t buy faith for gold!" The prince shared this principle of his father completely. Alexander learned the military wisdom of his ancestors, the greatest commanders of the past and the traditions of other peoples, and he himself became a teacher for future generations. His famous formula "Whoever comes to us with a sword, from the sword and perish "exactly reflects the spirit of the Russian people and Orthodoxy: not militant in essence, but ready for defense. Alexander Yaroslavovich served the Fatherland and the common people. He personally dealt with many of the affairs of the peasants, defended them from boyars and merchants, traveled around the soldiers before the battle, redeemed people from captivity and for the sake of the Novgorodians forgave the offense of the nobility.For this feat of selfless service, Alexander Nevsky received the great title of “Saint” among the people).

- How can life be interesting to a modern person? (Students' thoughts:
– Reading the life, we once again think about good and evil, about a sense of duty.
– Life is interesting from the point of view of history in that one can compare a person who lived earlier with a modern one.
– I think that modern man is interested in living by the fact that people want to get closer to God so that he can help them overcome all difficulties).

Teacher: The strength of life is that it teaches us to think, to see the beauty in life itself. The author of the life is a humanist, because the main thing in his work is a person, his destiny, his life, connected with good and evil, with moral, spiritual principles. He teaches us the perception of human moral and aesthetic values ​​and, at the same time, inexhaustible spiritual treasures.

Summing up the lesson.

Homework: draw up a complex plan for an essay on the topic “The Moral Image of Man in Old Russian Literature”.

"The Face of the Saint in hagiographic literature" Epigraph: The name of the Saint, given to him,
more expressive than the Great.
N.M. Karamzin
Purpose: Compare the image of Alexander
Nevsky as a historical figure and as
hero of hagiographic literature.
MHK Grade 8

Old Russian literature

700 years
The focus of Russian spirituality and patriotism
Why is it necessary to know ancient Russian literature?
Her images and ideas in
other
writers
The basis of all Russian
literature
Creates love for
Fatherland

Old Russian literature

In the 10th century
The beauty of the syllable
Majesty of Thought
Simplicity
content
sources
The reasons
folklore
AdoptionCulture of Byzantium and
Christianity in Bulgaria

Genres

Annals
Eloquence
Lives
legends
instructions
legends

Features of Old Russian Literature

Historicism of content
Etiquette form, canons
Anonymity
handwriting

Hagiographic literature as a special genre

life
Target
vita
glorification
biography
Bishops
Patriarchs
monks
saints

Life features

deliberation
narrative
Tripartite:
introduction,
actual life,
conclusion
Division by
positive and
negative
heroes
Selection from life
saint only
positive
facts
Few dates
narration
unfolds on
eternity background
No individual
crap

Dictionary

"Agios" - from the Greek "holy",
"graphos" - "I write" - the biography of the saints.
"Canon" - from the Greek "norm, pattern".
Icon - from the Greek "eikon", - "image,
object of worship "- picturesque
image of God, saint or saints.
A saint is a person who has dedicated his life
God. Doing good and hating evil,
deserving of God for his love and faith
special gifts, such as the gift of miracles.

Icon of Alexander Nevsky

Above is a purple mantle with
sable collar.
(noble, princely family)
Under the mantle is chain mail.
(warrior, commander)
Sword in hand - an indication of the spiritual
scolding, intercession.
. (defender of the earth, Russian faith)
Above the head is a golden halo and
luminous glare.
(signs of the Divine
presence, holiness)
Face - calmly sad,
detached from all vanity and
earthly.

10. Historical background

11. The history of the creation of life

Alexander Nevsky as the wise
statesman and
dedicated to the great commander
life. This product was
written in Christmas
monastery in Vladimir, where he was
buried prince.
The author of the life knew the prince, was
witness to his state affairs
and feats of arms. Scientists
believe that the life is written
Metropolitan Kirill. Feeling
the narrator's lively sympathy for
Alexandru, admiration for him
military and state
activities led to a special
sincerity and lyricism
storytelling.

12. Guess what fragments of Alexander's life illustrate these miniatures

13. Reread the scene of the first battle of Alexander Nevsky with the Germans.

What kind of commander does the author of the life portray
Grand Duke?
Complete the table with quotes from the text.
population
troops
mental
condition
commander
speech
characteristics
a
Outcome of the battle

14. Test yourself

population
troops
mental
condition
commander
speech
characteristics
a
Outcome of the battle
"He went to the enemies
with little
retinue"
“I relied on
Holy Trinity"
“flared up
heart",
"began
pray with
tears”,
"began
encourage
squad."
“God is not in power,
but in truth."
“Judge, Lord,
offending me and
protect from
struggling with
me, take
weapons and shield and
get up on
help me."
“I interrupted them
prince
countless
many, but
the face of
left the king
sharp trace
his stakes."
“Prince is
Alexander
returned from
victory, praise
and praise the name
its Creator."

15.

- Under what circumstances
Alexander Nevsky pronounces
aphorism: “God is not in power, but in
the truth?” Which is stronger: strength or
is it true?
How is the ideal of the wise created?
ruler and brave
commander?
(Characteristic of the prince in his life
very versatile. From one
hand, it is fulfilled
church virtues - quiet,
meek, humble, on the other, -
courageous and invincible
warrior, swift in battle,
selfless and merciless
adversary. This is how it is created
ideal of a wise prince, ruler
and brave commander).
For what purpose does the author introduce
biblical heroes?
Describe them.
Why Samson
likened to the power of A. Nevsky?
Who is Solomon? What common
between Solomon and Nevsky?
What did the author want to emphasize?
hagiography, endowing Alexander
Nevsky best qualities
several legendary
biblical images?
(His majesty, divine
destiny).

16. Spiritual portrait of A. Nevsky

Alexander Nevskiy
righteous
merciful
wise
served
defended
responsible for
selflessly land
Orthodox
people
native
faith
defender
invincible
united
principalities
Russians
An example of moral and spiritual values

17.

- Is it possible on the basis of
hagiographic portrait
attributed to Alexander
Nevsky to the saints?
- What is its
holiness? Prove by
text.
- Than Alexander Nevsky
deserved the title
"Saint"?
What can life be
interesting to modern
man?

18. Korin, "Alexander Nevsky"

Icon
Korin, "Alexander Nevsky"

19. Homework

Learn theoretical material
Fonvizin "Undergrowth" (read)
Prepare for the examination
folklore and ancient Russian literature
(genres of folklore and old Russian
literature, the content of the studied
works)

The events of recent years have shown that we have lost a lot. We have forgotten how to live according to the laws of our ancestors, in the Christian spirit - as God commands and teaches the Holy Church. Our culture, our way of life have lost many centuries-old traditions. The former attitude to work, military service, as to serving the Fatherland, is disappearing, science and education are being destroyed before our eyes, concepts such as reverence, loyalty, patriotism, duty, honor, responsibility are being eradicated from the minds of young people, and, conversely, cruelty, immorality and violence. We have lost the continuity of the traditional way of life, and we have to restore it if we do not want spiritual and moral degradation and degeneration.

Among the many tasks facing Russian society today, the most important is the restoration of the historical memory of the people, the Orthodox faith, associated values, ideals, moral guidelines, domestic folk traditions in public, family life and in the upbringing of children.

The problem of educating the younger generation today is the main one for Russia. Its priority is recognized by educators, parents, the Church, public and statesmen, but there are very, very few beneficial and effective steps, due to the lack of unanimity among adults designed to provide a decent upbringing. To educate a spiritual and moral person means to find in her face - a support for the future family, church community, professional team, state and society. And here one cannot do without the succession of national ideals - ascetics of faith and piety, examples of patriotism, valor and honor. One of the clearest examples of this, for many centuries for our compatriots, is the holy noble Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky - a descendant of the legendary Prince Vladimir Monomakh. What was the immortal feat and good example of Alexander Nevsky? Why did he become a national hero of Russia, an outstanding grand duke, a wise politician-diplomat, a brave commander and a glorified saint of the Orthodox Church? What paths did his earthly life take, passing according to the words of historians as “between the hammer and the anvil”? These questions can only be answered by carefully studying the evidence of ancient chronicles, lives and other sources.

Fate gave Prince Alexander Yaroslavich only forty-three years (1220 - 1263) of earthly life. At first he was the ruler of the Novgorod land, the defender of Novgorod and Pskov, and from 1249 he became the Grand Duke, the head of all Russia. Alexander ruled the country of the Russians in the difficult time of the Tatar-Mongol yoke and the German, Livonian and Swedish military orders of the enemy who took up arms from the west and north. He became famous as a wise politician and a talented commander, who aroused admiration even among his enemies.

In 1263, at the end of November, returning from the Horde, he died in Gorodets on the Volga, having taken monastic tonsure - a schema, with the name Alexy. Having learned about the death of the prince from a messenger during the service, Metropolitan Kirill said from the pulpit of the temple: “My children, know that the sun of the Russian land has set.” And then miracles took place, signifying that an extraordinary person completed his life path. And the Russian chronicler wrote down the words: "... God glorify your saint, who has worked hard for our land and for Novgorod and Pskov and for the whole Russian land, believing his life, for Orthodox Christianity."

From the feat of life of Alexander Nevsky, we see what moral height and strength he had - Christian duty and civic responsibility. The modern world, including Christians, is simply ill with the paralysis of irresponsibility. Irresponsibility is shameful and disgusting in all areas of human life. But it is precisely this that permeates today all layers of social, church and family life.

Russian philosopher I.A. Ilyin once wrote that due to the impoverishment of spirituality, the inability to experience religious experience, “the sense of duty and responsibility has shaken in humanity. Spirit is creative energy; it is natural for him to impute to himself what he has done and to answer for what he has done. This feeling is the surest sign of spirituality.

Any person can become an ascetic, become a saint, reach the level of great saints, if only he wishes it with all his being. Many have read the answer of St. Seraphim of Sarov to the question: “Why are there no such miracles that were performed by ancient Christians now?” And the monk answered: “Because people don’t have that determination and zeal for pleasing God and serving as before.” In this context, the concepts of determination and responsibility are extremely close.

By his example, Alexander Nevsky sets us the image of educating a whole, spiritual and moral personality - as a Christian, a family man and a citizen. These three most important components constitute the general line of pedagogical activity, carried out in cooperation between the family, the school and the Church, parents, teachers and pastors. Without their unanimity and without selfless labor in caring for “these little ones”, the upbringing of a whole personality is not achievable.

The upbringing of the spirit is the upbringing of a Christian, which is feasible only with the participation of the Church, the pastoral care of parents, children and teachers.

The upbringing of a well-behaved and noble soul is the upbringing of a family man, with the grace-filled order of family life in the Christian way of life and church tradition. The upbringing of the body is the upbringing of a citizen - a patriot who loves the Fatherland and is able to defend it; to which the male generation is called most of all through the efforts of the State, the Church and the public school.

If parents, teachers and pastors achieve this in unanimity in the upbringing of children - the children of God, the Church, the Fatherland and parents, then everything else: education, the development of talents, health and the necessary means of life - will be added, as the Lord said about this in the Sermon on the Mount : “Seek first the Kingdom of God and His righteousness, and all this will be added to you” (Matt. 6:33).