A combination of two verbs in the same form. nominal predicate

only a conjugated full-valued verb or a lexicalized combination of a verbal component with others contains both the name of the attribute of the action and indicators of the grammatical meanings of the predicate. Such forms of the predicate cannot have a complete paradigm of modal-temporal forms and are unproductive. The forms of a simple predicate represented by verbal phraseological units and descriptive verb-nominal phrases should also be classified as unproductive: Sometimes you look and think: but I’m not a match for him Maxim Gorky ....


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Simple verbal predicate. Complicated forms

A simple predicate can only be a verb, because only a conjugated full-valued verb (or a lexicalized combination of a verbal component with others) contains both the name of the attribute (action) and indicators of the grammatical meanings of the predicate.

A simple verbal predicate is represented in Russian by various forms. The most productive is the predicate, expressed by a full-valued conjugated verb in direct use of the forms of mood, tense, face: It would be better if she hit me, this beauty! (Maxim Gorky) This predicate has a complete paradigm of modal-temporal forms.

The so-called relative use of verb forms of mood or tense (one form in the meaning of the other) introduces additional shades into the predicate. So, in the sentence Akim (Turgenev) fall in love with this Dunyasha and fall in love, the imperative mood is used in the meaning of the indicative. Such forms of the predicate cannot have a complete paradigm of modal-temporal forms and are unproductive.

The forms of a simple predicate, represented by verbal phraseological units and descriptive verbal-nominal phrases, should also be classified as unproductive: Sometimes you look and think: but I tell himI'm not up to the mark(Maksim Gorky). Their use has expressive-stylistic limitations; in addition, some verbal phraseological units (whistle into a fist, remember your name, etc.) may not have certain forms of mood and tense.

The unproductiveness of these forms of the predicate does not mean their low use, as well as their “inferiority”. On the contrary, they may have an advantage over the "free" conjugated forms of the verb in semantic and especially in emotionally expressive terms. The unproductiveness of this kind of predicate lies in the irregularity of the formation of modal-temporal forms or in their limited implementation in certain styles of speech.

A special unproductive group of a simple verbal predicate is represented by inconsistent, unchangeable forms the infinitive and the “truncated” (interjective) form: Tatyana ah! and he roar (Pushkin). These forms are used mainly in the meaning of the indicative mood. Like the temporal, this meaning is not formally expressed, and there are no formal indicators of the dependence of the predicate on the subject. The predicate is emphasized intonation. Each of the inconsistent forms introduces an additional expressive connotation into the meaning of the predicate: truncated intensity, swiftness of action, infinitive energetic start to action (or determination to act immediately).

Forms of a simple verbal predicate can be complicated by particles or repetitions: And he, the hare, has a heart so it will roll ! (Saltykov-Shchedrin); And new friendshugging, kissing(Krylov). The complicating element does not change the real meaning of the predicate, the meanings or shades introduced by it have an abstract modal-expressive character: assessments of the mode of action or the speaker's attitude to action. Elimination of a particle or repetition does not destroy the predicate only the additional meaning is lost (cf .: The hare has a heart will roll; Friends hugging).

The particles complicating the predicate are numerous and varied in meaning. The particle to yourself (know to yourself) expresses a shade of inflexibility of action, indicates its flow despite obstacles: Looks to himself dried vobla, without blinking, on human delusions and know yourself throwing stones (Saltykov-Shchedrin). A similar meaning can be expressed by a particle like this: Doctor Voznesensky never came to tea at four o'clock (Sergeev-Tsensky). But most often this particle indicates the completeness, intensity or duration of action: Both hares so they died (Saltykov-Shchedrin).

Repetition as a formal means of complicating the predicate consists in combining two identical conjugated forms of the same verb or a conjugated form and an infinitive, as well as a conjugated form with a single-root adverb in om, -mya (they shout with a cry, roar with a roar, etc.). Repetition in the form of doubling the conjugated forms of the verb introduces a shade of duration, completeness of the action: Shoemaker fought, fought and finally grabbed his mind (Krylov). The combination of an infinitive with a single-root conjugated form has an additional shade of concession or doubt about the appropriateness of the action: Remember, I remember , what's the point? (from newspapers).

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Complicated forms of a simple verbal predicate include a combination of two verbs or a combination of a verb with different particles. This includes:

1. A combination of two verbs in the same form, of which the first indicates the action, and the second - the purpose of this action: I will go for a walk in the garden; Sit down and write a letter to your mother.

2. Connection with the help of unions and, yes, yes, and the form of the verb to take and the same form of another verb to denote an arbitrary action due to the personal whim of the subject: I will take and do the opposite; He took it and left completely.

3. A combination of two single-root verbs and a particle not between them, with the modal meaning of impossibility: We are waiting for spring; Breathe not inhale the wonderful, mountain air.

4. The combination of the infinitive with the personal form of the same verb, which is preceded by the particle not, to enhance the negative meaning of the predicate: It does not work itself, and it interferes with others.

5. The combination of turnover only and do (doing, doing, etc.), which is followed by a verb in the same form to indicate the intensity of the action: He only does what he draws.

6. Repetition of the predicate to indicate the duration of the action: Food, food in an open field.

7. Repetition of a predicate with an intensifying particle so to indicate an action that has been fully implemented: I really sang so sang.

8. The combination of the verb with the particle know or know for yourself to denote an action that is performed despite obstacles: And he knows himself chuckles.

Complicated types of compound predicates

In speech, quite often you can find compound predicates, which consist not of two, but of three (and sometimes four) structural parts.

Structural complication of compound verbal predicate

1. Auxiliary parta compound verbal predicate can be expressed not by a verb, but by a compound nominal predicate (link + short adjective / adverb).

Complicated CGS = SIS + subjective infinitive

He must leave.

As in any compound verbal predicate, two parts can be distinguished here: the main part is expressed by the subject infinitive ( leave ). Auxiliary part - short adjective must - has a modal meaning, but unlike modal verbs ( maybe wants ) adjective cannot indicate tense and mood. Therefore, the adjective requires a verb copula (in this case it is a verb to be in null form). Therefore, inside the compound verbal predicate, one more thing can be distinguished - a compound nominal micropredicate ( must + zero link).

Modal short adjectives most often act as the nominal part of such micropredicates:; noun with preposition able ; adverbs: it is necessary, it is necessary, it is impossible, it is possible, it is a pity, it is a pity and etc.

This predicate is actually not complicated. In Russian, for example, there are no verbs with the modal meaning of obligation, necessity, inevitability, etc. These meanings are always expressed by short adjectives or adverbs. Therefore, compound verbal predicates with such a meaning of the auxiliary part always include in their composition a compound nominal micropredicate.

Note!

Adjectives: must, must, ready, compelled, able, glad, adverbs: need, need, can't, can, sorry- very often confused with verbs, because they are similar in function to them.

Check yourself in the above way: put the micropredicate in the past tense - they will not have a suffix -l, but a bunch was, was, was, were(was forced, had to, was sorry, had to).

2. Main body of a compound verbal predicate can be represented by a compound verbal predicate: an infinitive with a phase or modal meaning and an infinitive with a main lexical meaning.

Complicated cgs = auxiliary verb + cgs

He wanted to start working.

Main part (get started ) can act as an independent compound verb predicate (cf.:He started to work).

3. Auxiliary partcompound verbal predicate is expressed by a compound nominal micropredicate with a modal meaning (must, must, must, cannot etc.) and the main part expressed by a compound verbal predicate (two infinitives).

Complicated SGS = SIS + SGS

He was forced to start working.

Auxiliary part ( was forced ) - a compound nominal predicate with a modal meaning and an independent predicate cannot be. Main part ( start working ) is expressed by two infinitives (the first - with a phase meaning, the second - with the main lexical meaning). In another context, these two verbs can become an independent compound verb predicate (cf.:He started to work).

Structural complication of compound nominal predicate

A compound nominal predicate can also be complicated if its connective (in this case it is put in an indefinite form) is complicated by conjugated forms of phase or modal verbs (or compound nominal predicates with a modal meaning).

Complicated SIS \u003d auxiliary verb + copula-infinitive + nominal part

I I want to become a doctor.

In this case, the predicate consists of the union of two predicates: a compound nominal ( To become a doctor ) and compound verb ( I want to be ). Sometimes such a predicate is called complex or mixed.

Complicated SIS \u003d compound nominal micropredicate + copula-infinitive + nominal part of SIS

I should have become a doctor.

In this case, the predicate can be represented as a combination of three predicates: a compound nominal ( had ), compound verb (should have become) and compound nominal ( To become a doctor ).

Plan for parsing a complicated predicate

  1. Indicate the type of predicate according to the part in which the main lexical meaning is expressed (complicated compound verbal predicate, complicated compound nominal predicate).
  2. Disassemble each part of the predicate according to the corresponding plan.

Sample parsing

I must leave today.

Gotta leave - a complicated compound verb predicate. Main part leave expressed by the subjective infinitive. Auxiliary part must has a modal meaning and is expressed by a compound nominal predicate, in which the main part should be expressed by a short adjective; zero connective indicates the present tense of the indicative mood.

I I want to become a doctor.

I want to become a doctor become a doctor ; auxiliary part want has a modal meaning and is expressed by a verb in the present tense of the indicative mood.

I should become a doctor.

Should be a doctor- a complicated compound nominal predicate. nominal part ( doctor ) is expressed by a noun in the instrumental case; semisignificant copula become is part of a compound verbal predicate in which the main part is expressed by the infinitive become ; auxiliary part must has a modal meaning and is expressed by a compound nominal predicate. It has a nominal part must expressed by a short adjective; zero connective indicates the present tense of the indicative mood.


The concept of a sentence member. The grammatical basis of the sentence. The concept of the main and secondary members of the proposal. The subject and ways of expressing it. Features of the syntactic connection of the main members of the sentence with each other.

Structural types of sentences: segmented and non-segmented, simple and complex, one-part and two-part, common and not common, complicated and uncomplicated, complete and incomplete.

An uncommon sentence is a sentence that has only the positions of the main members - the subject and the predicate, for example: Several years have passed (P.); It was noon (Shol.); It began to get light (Prishv.); Silence. Hum (Cat.). Such sentences represent a structural minimum and include only a predicative stem.

Sentences that, along with the main ones, have the positions of minor members are called common, for example: Meanwhile, the sun rose quite high. Again, the clear, as if swept, without clouds, the sky shone with pale blue (B. Paul); At noon, Razmetnov came home to have lunch and through the gate door he saw pigeons near the threshold of the hut (Shol.); In every spiritually developed person, the outlines of his homeland are repeated and live (Spread).

A sentence is considered two-part if its predicative core is represented by two positions - subject and predicate, and one-part if the structure of the sentence involves only one position of the main member.

in complete sentences, all the necessary formal links of a given structure are verbally represented, and in incomplete sentences, certain positions of this structure turn out to be unsubstituted. The latter can be caused by various reasons: the context, the speech situation, the general experience of the speakers. Incomplete sentences in their communicative significance are no different from complete ones, they are quite understandable. However, they are characterized by the formal lack of expression of some components. Ahead is a deserted September day

A simple sentence has one predicative center organizing it and thus contains one predicative unit. For example: The morning was fresh and beautiful (L.); From the station to the pier I had to go through the whole town (Paust.); Lopatin, from afar, saw the black jackets of sailors (Sim.).

A complex sentence consists of two or more predicative units combined in meaning and grammatically. Each part of a complex sentence has its own grammatical compositions.

Although the parts of a complex sentence are structurally similar to simple sentences (they are sometimes called conventionally), they cannot exist outside the complex sentence, i.e. outside this grammatical association, as independent communicative units. This is especially clear in a complex sentence with dependent parts. For example, in the sentence I don’t know how it happened that we are still unfamiliar with you (L.), none of the existing three parts can exist as a separate independent sentence, each of them requires explanation. As analogues of simple sentences, parts of a complex one, when combined, can undergo structural changes, i.e. they can take on a form that is not characteristic of a simple sentence, although at the same time these parts have their own predicativeness. Simple sentences are primarily characterized by syntactic articulation or non-segmentation and, accordingly, are divided into articulating (having sentence members) and indivisible (sentences that lack the ability to distinguish sentence members in their composition)



Words and phrases that are related grammatically and in meaning are called proposal members.

The members of the proposal are divided into main and secondary.

Main members - subject and predicate, secondary - definition, addition, circumstance. Secondary members serve to explain the main ones and may have minor members explaining them.

The main members of the sentence form the grammatical basis of the sentence. A sentence containing both main members is called two-part. A sentence that has one of the main members is called one-piece. Wed: The sky darkened in the distance - It got dark.

A sentence can have one grammatical basis ( simple sentence) or several grammatical stems ( difficult sentence). Wed: They were late because of the heavy rain - They were late because it was raining heavily.

Subject- this is the main member of a two-part sentence; which names what the sentence is talking about.

This part of the sentence can be either a single word or a phrase.

Subject - one word:

1) words of different parts of speech in the objective meaning:

- noun in I. p .:

It's raining.

- noun pronoun in I. p .:

I like autumn.

- adjective in the function of a noun (substantiated) in I. p .:

The bearded man looked back.

- participle in the function of a noun (substantiated) in I. p .:

The seated man lifted his head.

- adverb:

I'm tired of your tomorrows.

- interjection:

"Ay" resounded through the forest.

2) quantitative numbers in quantitative (non-objective) meaning:

Ten is not divisible by three.

3) infinitive with the meaning of action or state: Learning is a must.

The location of the subject, expressed by the infinitive, is not fixed in the sentence (for example, behind the absolute beginning of the sentence); compare: The right thing to do is to learn. If in a sentence one of the main members is expressed by a noun in I. p., and the other by an infinitive, then the infinitive will act as a subject.

4) a word of any part of speech in any grammatical form, if in the sentence it is judged as a linguistic unit: Go - imperative form of the verb; Do notnegative particle.

Subject - phrase:

1. Subject - phraseologically free, but syntactically related phrase:

1) structure design A with B(I. p. noun (pronoun) + With+ Etc. another noun) with the meaning of compatibility, if the predicate is in plural. including:

Brother and sister returned separately- cf.: Mother and child went to the doctor.

2) a word with a quantitative meaning (quant. numeral, noun, adverb) + noun. in R. p .:

Three years have passed.

A bunch of things piled up in the corner.

I have a lot of work.

3) when designating an approximate amount, the subject can be expressed by a phrase without I. p .:

About / up to a thousand people fit in this room.

Between five and ten percent of students pass the session ahead of schedule.

4) structure design A from B(the word of the nominal part of speech in I. p. + from+ noun in R. p.) with an emphasis:

Any of them could do it.

Three of the graduates received gold medals.

The smartest of the students could not solve this problem.

5) infinitive + infinitive / name (the volume of such a subject coincides with the volume of a compound verb or compound nominal predicate - see below):

Being literate is prestigious.

It is natural to want to become literate.

2. Subject - phraseological unit:

Getting hysterical out of the blue was his favorite pastime.

He has golden hands.

Predicate- the main member of a two-part sentence, denoting an action or sign of what is expressed by the subject. A simple verbal predicate is a predicate expressed by a verb. The verbal predicate, formally likened to the subject, is the form of the verb of any mood, tense and person. For example: I am writing these lines in the village (Sol.); The second apple tree stood on level ground in the middle of a clearing (Sol.); Let's stay one more day! (Ch.); Look after him, do not indulge too much, and do not exact very strictly (Gonch.); Molchalin would hardly have bored you if you had agreed briefly with him (Gr.). As part of a simple verbal predicate, there can be various modal particles that are usually used in a colloquial style: I would go to sleep and give rest to the guest (B. Pol.); Aunt Katya did not want to go and how she would cry (A.N.T.); She seemed to love me (L.T.); A simple verbal predicate is considered complicated if it is expressed by two verbs, of which one is lexically incomplete, or by two repeated verbs. In the composition of such predicates, various particles are often used. Examples: You take it, but you don’t put it in place (Ch.); When did you plow? (Shol.); Be brave, don't be brave, but you won't be braver than the world (Lesk.); Yermoshka, go and sit next to me (Lesk.); Dressed-shod like all people (Pan.); I lie to myself, I lie down, lie down (T.); Here he waits, waits, and the tail only freezes more (Kr.); But now he took one eye shut... (A. Ostr.); No, I'll go and tell Levinson that I don't want to ride such a horse (Fad.); She took it and stopped talking to her (Lesk.); I came not to play riddles, but to say, so say everything (Lesk.). Complicated predicates have different shades of meaning. They indicate, for example: the action and its purpose (I'll go and write); on the arbitrariness of the action (he took it and came); on the uncertainty of the action (shoot does not shoot); the impossibility of carrying out the action (we can’t wait); on the completeness of the action, redundancy (eat so eat); on the intensity and duration of the action (you can’t look enough, you can’t drag it around), etc.

A simple verbal predicate expressed by a combination of two verbs or a combination of a verb with different particles.

1) A combination of two verbs in the same form, of which the first indicates an action, and the second indicates the purpose of this action. Let's go throw ourselves at the feet of your parents(Pushkin).

2) Repetition of the predicate to indicate the duration of the action. Floated, floated in the blue vague depth foamed by the wind on the block(Sholokhov).

3) The repetition of the predicate with an intensifying particle so to indicate a high degree of the action carried out. Now he really sang so sang.

4) A combination of two single-root verbs and a particle not between them, with the modal meaning of impossibility. We can't wait for good weather. Breathe not inhale the wonderful mountain air.

5) The combination of the infinitive with the personal form of the same verb, which is preceded by the particle not, to further enhance the negative meaning of the predicate. I didn’t become stupid, but my feelings somehow dulled(Ch e x about v).

6) Connection with the help of conjunctions and, yes, yes, and take the form of the verb and the same form of another verb to denote an arbitrary action due to the personal whim of the subject. He took yes and hid(Bazhov).

7) The combination of turnover only and do (doing, doing, etc.) with the subsequent verb in the same form to indicate the intensity of the action. All he does is paint endlessly.

8) The combination of the verb in the personal form or in the form of the infinitive with the particle let's (let's) to express an invitation or motivation for joint action. Let's talk(Chekhov). Come fight me(Bitter).

9) The combination of the verb with the particle know (know yourself) to denote an action that is performed despite obstacles. They scold him, but he knows we are sleeping and does not want to hear anything. And he laughs to himself.

10) The combination of a verb with a particle to itself to express a process that takes place, as it were, independently of the will of a person. On a long evening, it happened, he would light a torch and spin it for himself, without closing his eyes(I. Nikitin).

  • - VERB WORD...

    Literary Encyclopedia

  • - predicate the main member of the sentence, meaning an event. It is expressed by a verb, as well as a noun, adjective, adverb; cf .: He is yearning / He is in anguish / The year was successful ...

    Literary Encyclopedia

  • - VERB WORD...

    Dictionary of literary terms

  • - PREDICATE or predicate. The term S. is used in different meanings: 1 ...

    Dictionary of literary terms

  • - usually expressed by the personal form of the verb, which "represents the sign at the time of its occurrence" ...

    Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

  • - one of the two main members of a two-part sentence; correlates with the subject ...

    Great Soviet Encyclopedia

  • - An unchangeable word, sometimes coinciding in its sound composition with an onomatopoeic word or an interjection and used in the function of a verbal predicate with the meaning of an instantaneous action in the past ...
  • - A predicate expressed by a verb in a personal form ...

    Dictionary of linguistic terms

  • - A predicate formed by the form of the indicative, imperative, subjunctive moods. The sounds of a waltz echo through the water. Tell me about the branchy wheat or the agronomist, but keep quiet about the plans ...

    Dictionary of linguistic terms

  • - see verb management ...

    Dictionary of linguistic terms

  • - A simple verbal predicate that does not agree with the subject in person or number or both. It does not agree: 1) there is a predicate expressed by a verb, with a subject that has a plural form ...

    Dictionary of linguistic terms

  • - A simple sentence, which includes: a) isolated turns. It was a pale, tiny creature, like a flower that had grown without the rays of the sun...

    Dictionary of linguistic terms

  • - see the verb predicate ...

    Dictionary of linguistic terms

  • - see the verbal predicate compound ...

    Dictionary of linguistic terms

  • - A kind of predicate, the main component of which is represented by: 1) the form of the infinitive of a full-valued verb; 2) verb phraseology ...

    Syntax: Dictionary

  • - A kind of predicate, the main component of which is represented by: 1) the form of the infinitive of a full-valued verb; 2) verb phraseology; 3) descriptive verb-nominal turnover: The water on the lake began to freeze ...

    Dictionary of linguistic terms T.V. Foal

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author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 184

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

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From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 186. Predicate with a subject of the type brother and sister 1. With a subject of the specified type, formed by the combination "nominative plus preposition c plus instrumental", the predicate can be both in the plural and in the singular. The form

§ 187. Predicate with subject - pronoun interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative

From the book Spelling and Style Guide author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 187. The predicate with the subject - interrogative, relative, indefinite, negative pronoun

§ 183. Predicate with a subject that has a collective noun in its composition

author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 183. Predicate with a subject that has a collective noun in its composition

§ 184

From the book A Guide to Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 184. The predicate with the subject - quantitative-nominal combination (countable turnover) In the construction under consideration, the predicate can have both the singular and the plural form. Wed: Seven people of the chase entered ... (Leskov). - The next morning, fifty-seven immigrants

§ 186. Predicate with a subject of the type brother and sister

From the book A Guide to Spelling, Pronunciation, Literary Editing author Rosenthal Ditmar Elyashevich

§ 186. Predicate with a subject of the type brother and sister 1. With the turns of the indicated type, formed by the combination “nominative plus instrumental with the preposition c”, the predicate can stand both in the plural and in the singular. Form

predicate (predicate)

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (PR) of the author TSB

Predicate

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (SK) of the author TSB

7.15. Predicate. Types of the predicate and ways of expressing it

author Guseva Tamara Ivanovna

7.15. Predicate. Types of the predicate and ways of expressing it The predicate is the main member of the sentence, expressing the sign of the subject and answering the questions: what does the subject do? what is he? who is he? what is it? Predicates are divided into verbal and nominal.

7.16. Predicate expressed by adverb and interjection

From the book Modern Russian. Practical guide author Guseva Tamara Ivanovna

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Complicated grief

From the book Change Your Brain - Age Will Change! by Amen Daniel J.

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Lesson 2.3 Predicate. Modal verbs. Properties. Translation

From the book English Grammar with Vasya Pupkin author Gorodnyuk Natalia

Lesson 2.3 Predicate. Modal verbs. Properties. Translation N: Now that we have examined the various types of subjects, it is worth paying our attention to the predicate. We have already said that after the subject there should always be a predicate, and now our task is to