Vasilevsky

Alexander Mikhailovich

Battles and victories

Soviet military leader and statesman, one of the most prominent commanders of World War II.

Vasilevsky was actually the third figure in the Soviet military leadership in 1942-1945 after Stalin and Zhukov. His assessments of the military-strategic situation were unmistakable, and the Headquarters sent the Chief of the General Staff to the most critical sectors of the front. The pinnacle of military leadership is the unprecedented Manchurian operation.

Vasilevsky was born in the village of Novaya Golchikha, Kineshma district, Kostroma province (now Kineshma district, Ivanovo region) in the family of a priest. “My childhood was spent in constant need,” he recalled, “in labor for the sake of a piece of daily bread ... My father’s meager salary was not enough even for the most urgent needs of a large family. All of us, young and old, worked in the garden and in the field. He graduated from the theological school in Kineshma (1909) and the theological seminary in Kostroma (1914). But he passed the final exams at the seminary as an external student ...

“The war (World War I. - Auth.) overturned all my previous plans,” Alexander Mikhailovich recalled. - I dreamed, after graduating from the seminary, to work for three years as a teacher in some rural school and, having saved a small amount of money, to enter either an agronomic school or the Moscow Land Survey Institute. But now, after the declaration of war, I was overwhelmed with patriotic feelings. The slogans about the defense of the fatherland captured me. Therefore, unexpectedly for myself and for my family, I became a military man. Together with several classmates, Vasilevsky obtained permission to take exams externally and was sent to study in Moscow, at the Alekseevsky Military School.

The priest's son Vasilevsky became a military man unexpectedly for himself and his family - he was captured by the patriotic upsurge of 1914.

After four months of accelerated training in May 1915, Vasilevsky, with the rank of ensign, was sent to Rostov, to a reserve battalion, and from there, with a marching company, to the front. How this happened is told in Marshal's memoirs. “We gathered all the officers,” says Alexander Mikhailovich. - It was necessary to appoint a company commander from those who wanted to go to the front. They were asked to volunteer. I was sure that a forest of hands would immediately rise up, and first of all, this would be done by officers who had long been in the reserve battalion. To my great surprise, nothing of the kind happened, although the battalion commander repeated the appeal to "gentlemen officers" several times. Dead silence reigned in the hall. After several rather harsh reproaches against his subordinates, the old colonel finally said: “After all, you are officers of the Russian army. Who will defend the Motherland? ... I was very ashamed of all the officers who were in the hall ... seeing that none of the older ones expressed a desire to accompany the company going to the front, I and several other ensigns declared their readiness ... Recalling this fact, I would like to note that it is completely unbelievable for officers of the Soviet Armed Forces.

Baptism of fire A.M. Vasilevsky accepted near the city of Khotyn, commanding a half-company of the 409th Novokhopersk Regiment of the 103rd Infantry Division of the 9th Army of the Southwestern Front. In the spring of 1916 he was appointed company commander. “After some time,” Alexander Mikhailovich recalled, “the regiment commander, Colonel Leontyev, recognized her as one of the best in the regiment in terms of training, military discipline and combat capability. It seems to me that success was due to the trust that the soldiers had in me.

In May 1916, the army, in which Vasilevsky served, participated in the offensive, which went down in history as the Brusilovsky Breakthrough. "The hardening that I acquired during the offensive helped me in the future, and the experience of organizing military operations on the scale of various units came in handy during the years of the Civil War."

Commanded a battalion, staff captain. After the revolution in November 1917, he retired on leave and went home to Kineshma. At this time, the general meeting of the regiment, in accordance with the principle of election in force at that time, elected Vasilevsky as its commander. However, the local Council of Deputies did not let Alexander Mikhailovich go back to the army, appointing him the instructor of general education (general military training was carried out in accordance with the decree of the Soviet government on the organization of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army) of the Ugletsky volost of Kineshma district. In August 1918, having read an advertisement in the newspaper about recruiting personnel for work in the schools of the Tula province, Vasilevsky applied and was sent as a teacher to one of the rural schools in the Novosilsky district. In the spring of 1919, Vasilevsky was drafted into the Red Army by the district military registration and enlistment office and appointed commander of a detachment sent to help the commission to combat the kulaks and banditry. “This short period was of exceptional importance for my later life and work. - Alexander Mikhailovich later recalled. - Becoming a red commander ... I realized that military service is my only vocation ... The Soviet Motherland needs its own army, its own command personnel, including military specialists. And I swore to faithfully serve the people's power. "Soviet Russia or death!" - these are the words that then became the motto of millions of people, including my motto.

In August 1919, in connection with the approach of the White Guard troops of General A.I. Denikin, the Tula province was declared under martial law. Vasilevsky was first appointed commander of a company, then a battalion, and already in October - the newly formed 5th Infantry Regiment of the Tula Infantry Division. The regiment did not have to participate in battles with Denikin, since they failed to break through to Tula. In December 1919, the Tula Division (48th Infantry) was sent to the Western Front, where it participated in the war with Poland. At the request of Vasilevsky, who believed that he did not have enough combat experience, before the start of hostilities he was transferred to the position of assistant (deputy) regiment commander, and then appointed commander of a separate battalion. After the signing of a peace treaty with Poland, the division in which Vasilevsky served participated in the fight against the gangs of S. Bulak-Balakhovich.

After the Civil War, Vasilevsky headed the divisional school for junior officers, and then served as commander of the 143rd Red Banner Regiment for four years. In 1926, he completed a year-long training at the department of commanders of regiments of the shooting-tactical courses "Shot". In 1928, he was appointed commander of the 144th regiment, which was considered lagging behind in the division, weak in discipline and training. Two years later, the regiment took first place at the divisional inspection check.

During this period, V.K. Triandafillov - Chief of Operations and Deputy Chief of Staff of the Red Army, one of the largest Soviet military theorists of that time, whose name is associated with the development of the theory of deep operation, which outlined the methods of offensive operations equipped with modern military equipment (tanks and aviation) troops. Triandafillov trained as a corps commander, where A.M. Vasilevsky. “As commander of the 144th regiment, for two years I actually almost constantly studied and worked under his leadership,” Alexander Mikhailovich testified. At the initiative of Triandafillov, in 1931, Vasilevsky was transferred to Moscow, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense, to the central office, and appointed to the Combat Training Directorate of the Red Army. Then, in 1934-1936, he served as head of the combat training department of the headquarters of the Volga Military District, and in the fall of 1936 he was enrolled as a student in the newly created General Staff Academy. Many fellow students of Vasilevsky from this, the first set of the Academy, became outstanding commanders and entered their names in the annals of the Great Patriotic War: A.I. Antonov (Chief of the General Staff at the final stage of the war), front commanders I.Kh. Bagramyan, N.F. Vatutin, L.A. Govorov, P.A. Kurochkin, chiefs of staff of the fronts M.V. Zakharov, M.I. Kazakov, G.K. Malandin, L.M. Sandalov, commanders K.D. Golubev, S.G. Trofimenko and others.

In 1937, as a result of the "purge" in the Red Army, many vacancies appeared, to fill which, without completing their studies, students of the Academy were sent. In August 1937, Vasilevsky was unexpectedly appointed head of the logistics department of the Academy, and a month later - head of the department for operational training of the highest command staff of the General Staff of the Red Army. “Then, of course, I did not know that within the walls of the General Staff I would be destined to spend a number of years filled with difficult work, the most difficult in my life,” Alexander Mikhailovich later wrote in his memoirs.

In 1938, Vasilevsky was awarded the rank of brigade commander, he joined the CPSU (b). In 1939, while remaining head of the operational training department, he was appointed concurrently as deputy chief of the operational department of the General Staff. During the Soviet-Finnish war, Chief of the General Staff B.M. Shaposhnikov temporarily made Vasilevsky his deputy for operational issues, since I.V. Smorodinov went to the front. A.M. Vasilevsky wrote in his memoirs: “Remembering that time, again and again I feel a sense of deep gratitude to dear B.M. Shaposhnikov for his great help to me with a kind word, advice and instructions in the hard work I am doing. When, after the breakthrough of the Mannerheim Line, the Finnish government asked for peace, Vasilevsky was included in the Soviet delegation at the talks, preparing proposals for establishing new borders between the USSR and Finland, and then appointed head of the mixed commission for the demarcation of the border and its final clarification on the ground.

As a result of the Soviet-Finnish war, serious changes took place in the apparatus of the People's Commissar of Defense. New People's Commissar instead of K.E. Voroshilov became S.K. Timoshenko. Vasilevsky, who was awarded the rank of division commander, was appointed first deputy head of the operations department. In this position, under the leadership of B.M. Shaposhnikov, and then who replaced him as Chief of the General Staff K.A. Meretskov and G.K. Zhukov, he participated in the development of an operational plan for a future "big war" with Germany and its satellites, the threat of aggression from which was becoming more and more real. In November 1940, Vasilevsky was included in the Soviet delegation that was leaving for negotiations in Berlin. “All members of the delegation,” recalled Vasilevsky, “took the general impression of the trip: the Soviet Union must be, as never before, ready to repel fascist aggression.”

Shortly after the start of the Great Patriotic War, in August 1941, Vasilevsky was appointed Deputy Chief of the General Staff, Chief of the Operational Directorate. From that moment on, he regularly began to participate in the meetings of the Headquarters, daily accompanied Shaposhnikov during the meetings of the latter with the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin. “At that time, we spoke about ourselves more in a critical spirit,” Alexander Mikhailovich later wrote in his memoirs, “and did not always pay due attention to the courage and courage shown by Soviet soldiers in the fight against the enemy ... The start of the war was not only a period when our army experienced setbacks. In those days, she also showed the will to fight, stamina, heroism.

In October 1941, a state of siege was declared from Moscow, and the evacuation of government offices began. The General Staff was also evacuated. At the Headquarters, a task force of ten people was left, headed by Vasilevsky. In the most difficult days of the battle for Moscow, he, in fact, did not leave Stalin, doing a huge amount of work to analyze changes at the front and develop operational and strategic proposals, on the basis of which decisions were made. The following fact testifies to the significance of the work of the Vasilevsky group at Headquarters: as Alexander Mikhailovich recalled, “Stalin himself set a rest for me from 4 to 10 in the morning and checked whether this requirement was being met. Cases of violation caused extremely serious and extremely unpleasant conversations for me. October 28 Vasilevsky was awarded the rank of lieutenant general.

The General Staff returned to Moscow at the end of November, joining in the preparation of the counteroffensive, however, since B.M. Shaposhnikov fell ill, the duties of Chief of the General Staff were temporarily assigned by Stalin to Vasilevsky.

From June 1942 to February 1945, Vasilevsky headed the General Staff, being at the same time (since October 1942) Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. He took part in the development and implementation of the largest strategic operations of the Great Patriotic War.

Together with G.K. Zhukov stood at the origins of the plan to encircle and defeat the Nazi troops near Stalingrad. During Operation Uranus, as a representative of the Supreme Command Headquarters, he coordinated the actions of the Soviet fronts. At the critical moment of the battle, when the Germans attempted to release the Paulus army with a counterattack by the Manstein group, Vasilevsky achieved the adoption and implementation of the decision to switch the 2nd Guards Army to the Kotelnichesky direction in order to disrupt the enemy’s plan, despite the doubts of the Supreme Commander and the categorical objections of K.K. Rokossovsky and N.N. Voronova. In January 1943, Vasilevsky coordinated the actions of the Soviet fronts in a successful offensive operation on the Upper Don.

The contribution of the General Staff and personally A.M. Vasilevsky at the turning point of events at the front was so significant that Stalin at the beginning of 1943 twice awarded him the next ranks, first as an army general, and after only a month - as a Marshal of the Soviet Union.

In 1943 A.M. Vasilevsky actively participated in the preparation and implementation of the defeat of the enemy on the Kursk Bulge. Together with G.K. Zhukov defended the idea of ​​holding the Battle of Kursk-Oryol on the basis of a deliberate defense option with a subsequent transition to a counteroffensive. Vasilevsky became a direct witness of the fierce tank battle near Prokhorovka, watching it from the command post of the 5th Guards Tank Army. A telegram he sent to Stalin a day later said: “Yesterday I personally observed a tank battle of our 18th and 29th tank corps with more than 200 enemy tanks southwest of Prokhorovka. As a result, the battlefield was littered with burning German and our tanks for an hour. Over the course of two days of fighting, Rotmistrov's 29th Tank Corps (Army) lost up to 60% irretrievable and temporarily disabled, and 18th Tank Corps - 30% of tanks. The Battle of Kursk, in which the Wehrmacht lost 30 divisions and its best tank troops, completed a turning point in the Great Patriotic War.

In 1944, during the liberation of Crimea, Vasilevsky coordinated the actions of the 4th Ukrainian Front, a separate Primorsky Army, the forces of the Black Sea Fleet and the Azov military flotilla; during the liberation of the Right-Bank Ukraine - the actions of the 3rd and 4th Ukrainian fronts; during the liberation of Belarus (Operation Bagration) and the Baltic republics - the actions of the 3rd and 2nd Belorussian fronts, the 1st and 2nd Baltic fronts.

Alexander Mikhailovich spent the lion's share of the time in the troops: out of 34 months of the war as Chief of the General Staff, he spent 22 months at the fronts, without ceasing to simultaneously direct the work of the General Staff, which testifies to his highest organization and efficiency.

Of the 34 months of the war as Chief of the General Staff, he spent 22 months at the front.

Vasilevsky supported young and talented military leaders: it was he who noticed the outstanding abilities of the chief of staff of the front A.I. Antonov, invited him to work in the General Staff, won Stalin's confidence in him. Thanks to Vasilevsky, a young talented general I.D. was appointed commander of the 3rd Belorussian Front. Chernyakhovsky.

After the death of Chernyakhovsky A.M. Vasilevsky was appointed commander of the 3rd Belorussian Front (February 1945) and at the same time a member of the Supreme Command. At the post of Chief of the General Staff, on the recommendation of Alexander Mikhailovich himself, he was replaced by A.I. Antonov.

The troops of the 3rd Belorussian Front were faced with the task of defeating the East Prussian grouping of the enemy and taking Koenigsberg. “Having taken command of the front,” recalled I.Kh. . With the firmness inherent only in very strong-willed military leaders, he outlined a sequence of actions. First, the defeat of the Heilsberg grouping, then the assault on Koenigsberg, and finally, the crushing of the enemy troops on the Zemland Peninsula. Having entrusted me with everything that was connected with the preparation of the assault on Koenigsberg, he seemed to have completely devoted himself to organizing the Hejlsberg operation and led it with extraordinary concreteness and scrupulousness. As soon as the denouement in Hejlsberg became visible, Alexander Mikhailovich switched to Koenigsberg and in a short time completed the defeat of the East Prussian grouping of the enemy.

Hitler declared Koenigsberg "an absolutely impregnable bastion of the German spirit", "the best German fortress in the history of Germany." The assault on the city by Vasilevsky's troops began on April 6, 1945, and three days later it was taken. During the assault on Koenigsberg, bomber aircraft were widely used, including long-range, heavy artillery, and armored forces. The defense of the city could not resist the use of massive means of destruction and the attacking potential of units and formations of the 3rd Belorussian Front.

Personally commanding the troops, Vasilevsky sought to limit losses with his well-thought-out decisions. So, the plan for the capture of Koenigsberg was developed in such a way as to weaken the enemy earlier and only after that proceed to storm the city. According to Army General M.A. Gareev, during this operation, such features of Vasilevsky's military leadership talent as prudence and caution appeared. Vasilevsky himself said the following about this: “I think that every military leader, whether he is a unit or division commander, an army or front commander, should be moderately prudent and cautious. He has such a job that he is responsible for the lives of thousands and tens of thousands of soldiers, and his duty is to weigh, think over, and look for the most optimal ways to accomplish a combat mission. Calculation and caution within the framework of necessity, in my opinion, are not a negative, but a positive quality of a military leader.

During the war years, A.M. Vasilevsky made a brilliant career. Twice during the war years he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and was twice awarded the highest military order "Victory" (1944 and 1945), and the only Soviet military leader received this award as chief of the General Staff, and as front commander. He, like no one else, could objectively assess the actions of the High Command of the Red Army and the generals in leading the armed struggle. Vasilevsky, for example, considered the belated organization of the Voronezh Front in 1942 as his own mistake as chief of the General Staff. “I must say,” Alexander Mikhailovich honestly admitted in his memoirs, “that one of the features of the war is that it requires quick decisions. But in the constantly changing course of hostilities, of course, not only correct, but also not entirely successful decisions were made.

After the capitulation of Germany, A.M. Vasilevsky was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet troops by the Headquarters of the Supreme Command for the Far East. He planned, prepared and led the Manchurian strategic offensive operation (August 9-September 2, 1945), during which the Japanese Kwantung grouping was defeated. It is rightly considered that the Manchurian operation became the pinnacle of A.M. Vasilevsky, a kind of result of his military activity. It impresses with the grandeur of its conception, the thoroughness of its preparation, its effective implementation, the skilful interaction of the forces of the ground forces, aviation, and navy, and the imposing results achieved. In terms of spatial scope (1.5 million square kilometers, the width of the offensive front is 2,700 kilometers, the depth of advance of the troops of three fronts is from 200 to 800 kilometers), such a strategic operation has not been carried out in the entire history of wars. The losses of the Kwantung group in killed amounted to 83.7 thousand people, captured - about 650 thousand. The irretrievable losses of the Soviet troops - 12 thousand people. Quite characteristic, says General of the Army M.A. Gareev, that “those who recently write a lot about how our army“ filled up the enemy with corpses ”do not like to remember this operation.”

The Manchurian operation became the pinnacle of A.M. Vasilevsky. In terms of its spatial scope, such a strategic operation has not been carried out in the entire history of wars.

After the war, Marshal A.M. Vasilevsky - Chief of the General Staff, Deputy Minister, 1st Deputy Minister, Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR (in 1950-1953 - Minister of War). In 1953-1957 - deputy. Minister of Defense of the USSR. In 1957, at the insistence of N.S. Khrushchev, he was dismissed. Subsequently, Vasilevsky told K. Simonov that he received this news from Zhukov, who at that time was his deputy. They were driving with Zhukov in a car, and the following conversation took place:

“- How, Sasha, don’t you think that you need to study the history of the war?

This question was unexpected for me, Vasilevsky said, but I immediately understood what was behind this, and directly asked Zhukov:

- What, George, how to understand this? Do you understand that you need to retire? It's time to go?

And Zhukov just answered directly:

- Yes. There was a discussion of this issue, and Khrushchev insists on your resignation.

I resigned after that."

Since 1959, Vasilevsky was in the group of general inspectors of the Ministry of Defense. He died in Moscow at the age of 83. Urn with ashes in the Kremlin wall.

A.M. Vasilevsky was actually the third, after I.V. Stalin and G.K. Zhukov, a figure in the Soviet military leadership in the period 1942-1945. He, like Zhukov, occupied a special place in the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command, systematically and fully engaged in the management of the armed forces on a strategic scale.

An interesting look at the relationship between Vasilevsky and Zhukov. Army General S.P. Ivanov, who knew them well, noted that there was not even a shadow of rivalry between the two outstanding commanders. A.M. Vasilevsky “quite definitely gave the palm to G.K. Zhukov", and he, for his part, "always behaved with the Chief of the General Staff as an equal with an equal."

According to the testimony of all who knew him, Vasilevsky was distinguished by self-control, determination, strong will and other qualities necessary for a commander, and at the same time - correctness, great tact, trust in subordinates and respect for their dignity. Vasilevsky did not tolerate approximate data and an unprofessional approach. He had deep professional knowledge, the ability to quickly understand a complex operational and strategic situation and make the best decision. Vasilevsky defended his position on specific operational-strategic issues, if it diverged from Stalin's opinion, with dignity, with weighty arguments - and often achieved success.

Marshal A.M. Vasilevsky remained in history as one of the greatest strategists and commanders of the Great Patriotic War, and the Second World War as a whole. “I am happy and proud,” he wrote in his memoirs, “that in the most difficult time for the Motherland I could take all possible part in the struggle of our valiant Armed Forces and, together with them, experienced the bitterness of our failures and the joy of victory.”

NIKIFOROV Yu.A., Ph.D., Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Marshal A.M. Vasilevsky:

I have to tell young people about the main value in human life. Motherland is our main wealth. Appreciate and cherish this wealth. Think not about what the Motherland can give you. Think about what you can give to the Motherland. This is the main key to a well-meaning life.

In Soviet, and even in progressive foreign literature, the opinion of Vlasov as an opportunist, self-seeker, careerist, traitor has long and irrefutably established itself. Only the renegade A. Solzhenitsyn, who went over to the service of the most reactionary imperialist forces, in his cynical anti-Soviet work "The Gulag Archipelago" sings and praises Vlasov, the Vlasovites and other traitors to the Soviet Motherland, glorifies them because they hated the Soviet order, went against their own Fatherland ... Solzhenitsyn claims that Vlasov was persuaded to go over to the side of the Nazis by the fact that he and his army were abandoned by the Soviet high command to their fate. ... During these events, I held the post of First Deputy Chief of the General Staff and I can responsibly confirm the extremely serious concern that the Supreme Commander-in-Chief showed from day to day about the fate of the troops of the 2nd Shock Army, about the issues of providing all possible assistance to them.

Marshal G.K. Zhukov:

Alexander Mikhailovich was not mistaken in his assessment of the operational-strategic situation. Therefore, it was him that I.V. Stalin sent to the responsible sectors of the Soviet-German front as a representative of the Headquarters. In the course of the war, Vasilevsky's talent as a large-scale military leader and a deep military thinker unfolded in its entirety. In cases where I.V. Stalin did not agree with the opinion of Alexander Mikhailovich, Vasilevsky knew how to convince the Supreme Commander with dignity and weighty arguments that in the given situation no other decision than he proposes should be made.

Army General S.M. Shtemenko:

The better I got to know him, the more I felt deep respect for this soldierly simple and invariably modest, sincere man, a military leader with a capital letter.

Army General M.A. Gareev:

Marshal of the Soviet Union A.M. Vasilevsky proved to be a truly outstanding commander during the Great Patriotic War. He gave all the officers a wonderful example of how much can be achieved if the desire for a great goal, loyalty to military duty and talent are organically combined with complete dedication to the interests of the cause and selfless work.

Compositions

Literature

Marshal A.M. Vasilevsky - strategist, commander, man. M., 2000

Three Marshals of Victory: Based on the materials of scientific conferences dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Marshals G.K. Zhukova, A.M. Vasilevsky, K.K. Rokossovsky. Under total ed. Marshal of the Soviet Union V.G. Kulikov. M., 1999

Stavitsky I.V.(comp.), Photo album “A.M. Vasilevsky. M., 1991

Rzheshevsky O.A., Sukhodeev V.V.Marshal A.M. Vasilevsky and the work of his whole life / Modern and recent history. 2005. №3

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Peter I the Great

Emperor of All Russia (1721-1725), before that, Tsar of All Russia. He won the Great Northern War (1700-1721). This victory finally opened free access to the Baltic Sea. Under his rule, Russia (the Russian Empire) became a Great Power.

Spiridov Grigory Andreevich

Became a sailor under Peter I, participated in the Russian-Turkish war (1735-1739) as an officer, finished the Seven Years' War (1756-1763) as rear admiral. The peak of his naval and diplomatic talent reached during the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. In 1769, he led the first transition of the Russian fleet from the Baltic to the Mediterranean Sea. Despite the difficulties of the transition (among those who died from diseases was the admiral's son - his grave was recently found on the island of Menorca), he quickly established control over the Greek archipelago. The Chesme battle in June 1770 remained unsurpassed in terms of loss ratio: 11 Russians - 11 thousand Turks! On the island of Paros, the Aouz naval base was equipped with coastal batteries and its own Admiralty.
The Russian fleet withdrew from the Mediterranean Sea after the conclusion of the Kuchuk-Kainarji peace in July 1774. The Greek islands and the lands of the Levant, including Beirut, were returned to Turkey in exchange for territories in the Black Sea region. Nevertheless, the activities of the Russian fleet in the Archipelago were not in vain and played a significant role in world naval history. Russia, having made a strategic maneuver with the forces of the fleet from one theater to another and having achieved a number of high-profile victories over the enemy, for the first time forced to talk about itself as a strong maritime power and an important player in European politics.

Rurik Svyatoslav Igorevich

Year of birth 942 date of death 972 Expansion of the borders of the state. 965 the conquest of the Khazars, 963 the campaign to the south to the Kuban region the capture of Tmutarakan, 969 the conquest of the Volga Bulgars, 971 the conquest of the Bulgarian kingdom, 968 the foundation of Pereyaslavets on the Danube (the new capital of Russia), 969 the defeat of the Pechenegs in the defense of Kyiv.

Benigsen Leonty

An unfairly forgotten commander. Having won several battles against Napoleon and his marshals, he drew two battles with Napoleon, losing one battle. Participated in the battle of Borodino. One of the contenders for the post of commander-in-chief of the Russian army during the Patriotic War of 1812!

Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

Chairman of the GKO, Supreme Commander of the USSR Armed Forces during the Great Patriotic War.
What other questions might there be?

Alekseev Mikhail Vasilievich

One of the most talented Russian generals of the First World War. Hero of the Battle of Galicia in 1914, savior of the Northwestern Front from encirclement in 1915, chief of staff under Emperor Nicholas I.

General of Infantry (1914), Adjutant General (1916). Active participant in the White movement in the Civil War. One of the organizers of the Volunteer Army.

Olsufiev Zakhar Dmitrievich

One of the most famous commanders of Bagrationov's 2nd Western Army. He always fought with exemplary courage. He was awarded the Order of St. George 3rd degree for heroic participation in the Battle of Borodino. He distinguished himself in the battle on the Chernishna (or Tarutinsky) River. The award to him for participating in the defeat of the vanguard of Napoleon's army was the Order of St. Vladimir, 2nd degree. He was called "general with talents". When Olsufiev was captured and was delivered to Napoleon, he said to his entourage the famous words in history: "Only Russians know how to fight like that!"

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

He personally took part in the planning and implementation of ALL offensive and defensive operations of the Red Army in the period 1941-1945.

Karyagin Pavel Mikhailovich

Colonel Karyagin's campaign against the Persians in 1805 does not resemble real military history. It looks like a prequel to "300 Spartans" (20,000 Persians, 500 Russians, gorges, bayonet charges, "This is crazy! - No, this is the 17th Jaeger Regiment!"). A golden, platinum page of Russian history, combining the slaughter of madness with the highest tactical skill, delightful cunning and stunning Russian impudence

Platov Matvei Ivanovich

Military ataman of the Don Cossack army. He began active military service at the age of 13. A member of several military companies, he is best known as the commander of the Cossack troops during the Patriotic War of 1812 and during the subsequent Foreign Campaign of the Russian Army. Thanks to the successful actions of the Cossacks under his command, Napoleon's saying went down in history:
- Happy is the commander who has Cossacks. If I had an army of Cossacks alone, then I would conquer all of Europe.

Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky Pyotr Alexandrovich

Most Serene Prince Wittgenstein Peter Khristianovich

For the defeat of the French units of Oudinot and MacDonald at Klyastits, thereby closing the road for the French army to St. Petersburg in 1812. Then in October 1812 he defeated the Saint-Cyr corps at Polotsk. He was the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian-Prussian armies in April-May 1813.

Govorov Leonid Alexandrovich

Stalin (Dzhugashvili) Joseph Vissarionovich

Comrade Stalin, in addition to the atomic and missile projects, together with General of the Army Antonov Alexei Innokentyevich, participated in the development and implementation of almost all significant operations of the Soviet troops in the Second World War, brilliantly organized the work of the rear, even in the first difficult years of the war.

Kuznetsov Nikolai Gerasimovich

He made a great contribution to the strengthening of the fleet before the war; conducted a number of major exercises, became the initiator of the opening of new maritime schools and maritime special schools (later Nakhimov schools). On the eve of Germany's sudden attack on the USSR, he took effective measures to increase the combat readiness of the fleets, and on the night of June 22 he gave the order to bring them to full combat readiness, which made it possible to avoid the loss of ships and naval aviation.

Budyonny Semyon Mikhailovich

Commander of the First Cavalry Army of the Red Army during the Civil War. The First Cavalry Army, which he led until October 1923, played an important role in a number of major operations of the Civil War to defeat the troops of Denikin and Wrangel in Northern Tavria and the Crimea.

Senyavin Dmitry Nikolaevich

Dmitry Nikolaevich Senyavin (August 6 (17), 1763 - April 5 (17), 1831) - Russian naval commander, admiral.
for courage and outstanding diplomatic work shown during the blockade of the Russian fleet in Lisbon

Bagration, Denis Davydov...

The war of 1812, the glorious names of Bagration, Barclay, Davydov, Platov. An example of honor and courage.

Udatny Mstislav Mstislavovich

A real knight, recognized as a fair commander in Europe

Rurikovich Svyatoslav Igorevich

He defeated the Khazar Khaganate, expanded the boundaries of Russian lands, successfully fought with the Byzantine Empire.

Shein Mikhail Borisovich

He led the Smolensk defense against the Polish-Lithuanian troops, which lasted 20 months. Under the command of Shein, repeated attacks were repulsed, despite the explosion and a breach in the wall. He held and bled the main forces of the Poles at the decisive moment of the Time of Troubles, preventing them from moving to Moscow to support their garrison, creating an opportunity to assemble an all-Russian militia to liberate the capital. Only with the help of a defector, the troops of the Commonwealth managed to take Smolensk on June 3, 1611. The wounded Shein was taken prisoner and was taken away with his family for 8 years in Poland. After returning to Russia, he commanded an army that tried to return Smolensk in 1632-1634. Executed on boyar slander. Undeservedly forgotten.

Margelov Vasily Filippovich

The author and initiator of the creation of technical means of the Airborne Forces and methods of using units and formations of the Airborne Forces, many of which embody the image of the Airborne Forces of the USSR Armed Forces and the Russian Armed Forces that currently exists.

General Pavel Fedoseevich Pavlenko:
In the history of the Airborne Forces, and in the Armed Forces of Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union, his name will remain forever. He personified a whole era in the development and formation of the Airborne Forces, their authority and popularity are associated with his name, not only in our country, but also abroad ...

Colonel Nikolai Fedorovich Ivanov:
Under more than twenty years of Margelov's command, the landing troops became one of the most mobile in the combat structure of the Armed Forces, prestigious service in them, especially revered by the people ... The photograph of Vasily Filippovich in demobilization albums went from the soldiers at the highest price - for a set of badges. The competition for the Ryazan Airborne School blocked the figures of VGIK and GITIS, and applicants who failed their exams for two or three months, before snow and frost, lived in the forests near Ryazan in the hope that someone would not withstand the stress and it would be possible to take his place .

Shein Mikhail Borisovich

Governor Shein - the hero and leader of the unprecedented defense of Smolensk in 1609-16011. This fortress decided a lot in the fate of Russia!

Shein Alexey Semyonovich

The first Russian generalissimo. Leader of the Azov campaigns of Peter I.

Paskevich Ivan Fyodorovich

The armies under his command defeated Persia in the war of 1826-1828 and completely defeated the Turkish troops in Transcaucasia in the war of 1828-1829.

Awarded all 4 degrees of the Order of St. George and the Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called with diamonds.

Rumyantsev Petr Alexandrovich

Russian military and statesman, during the entire reign of Catherine II (1761-96) who ruled Little Russia. During the Seven Years' War he commanded the capture of Kolberg. For the victories over the Turks at Larga, Kagul and others, which led to the conclusion of the Kyuchuk-Kainarji peace, he was awarded the title of "Transdanubian". In 1770 he received the rank of Field Marshal. Cavalier of the orders of the Russian St. Andrew the Apostle, St. Alexander Nevsky, St. George 1st class and St. Vladimir I degree, the Prussian Black Eagle and St. Anna I degree

Gorbaty-Shuisky Alexander Borisovich

Hero of the Kazan War, the first governor of Kazan

Karyagin Pavel Mikhailovich

Colonel, Chief of the 17th Jaeger Regiment. He showed himself most clearly in the Persian Company of 1805; when, with a detachment of 500 people, surrounded by a 20,000-strong Persian army, he resisted it for three weeks, not only repelling Persian attacks with honor, but taking fortresses himself, and finally, with a detachment of 100 people, made his way to Tsitsianov, who was going to help him.

Rurikovich (Grozny) Ivan Vasilyevich

In the variety of perceptions of Ivan the Terrible, they often forget about his unconditional talent and achievements as a commander. He personally led the capture of Kazan and organized military reform, leading the country, which simultaneously waged 2-3 wars on different fronts.

Bobrok-Volynsky Dmitry Mikhailovich

Boyar and governor of the Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy. "Developer" of the tactics of the Battle of Kulikovo.

Kotlyarevsky Petr Stepanovich

Hero of the Russo-Persian War of 1804-1813 At one time they called the Caucasian Suvorov. On October 19, 1812, at the Aslanduz ford across the Araks, at the head of a detachment of 2221 people with 6 guns, Pyotr Stepanovich defeated the Persian army of 30,000 people with 12 guns. In other battles, he also acted not by number, but by skill.

Chichagov Vasily Yakovlevich

He excellently commanded the Baltic Fleet in the campaigns of 1789 and 1790. He won victories in the battle of Eland (15/07/1789), in Revel (02/05/1790) and Vyborg (06/22/1790) battles. After the last two defeats, which were of strategic importance, the dominance of the Baltic Fleet became unconditional, and this forced the Swedes to make peace. There are few such examples in the history of Russia when victories at sea led to victory in the war. And by the way, the battle of Vyborg was one of the largest in world history in terms of the number of ships and people.

Stalin (Dzhugashvilli) Joseph

Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich

A person who combines the totality of knowledge of a naturalist, scientist and great strategist.

Skopin-Shuisky Mikhail Vasilievich

I beg the military-historical society to correct the extreme historical injustice and add to the list of 100 best commanders, the leader of the northern militia who did not lose a single battle, who played an outstanding role in liberating Russia from the Polish yoke and unrest. And apparently poisoned for his talent and skill.

Yulaev Salavat

The commander of the Pugachev era (1773-1775). Together with Pugachev, having organized an uprising, he tried to change the position of the peasants in society. He won several dinners over the troops of Catherine II.

Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich

Prominent military leader, scientist, traveler and discoverer. Admiral of the Russian Fleet, whose talent was highly appreciated by Sovereign Nicholas II. The Supreme Ruler of Russia during the Civil War, a real Patriot of his Fatherland, a man of tragic, interesting fate. One of those military men who tried to save Russia during the years of unrest, in the most difficult conditions, being in very difficult international diplomatic conditions.

Dubynin Viktor Petrovich

From April 30, 1986 to June 1, 1987 - Commander of the 40th Combined Arms Army of the Turkestan Military District. The troops of this army made up the bulk of the Limited Contingent of Soviet Troops in Afghanistan. During the year of his command of the army, the number of irretrievable losses decreased by 2 times in comparison with 1984-1985.
On June 10, 1992, Colonel General V.P. Dubynin was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces - First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation
His merits include keeping the President of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin from a number of ill-conceived decisions in the military sphere, primarily in the field of nuclear forces.

Loris-Melikov Mikhail Tarielovich

Known mainly as one of the secondary characters in the story "Hadji Murad" by L.N. Tolstoy, Mikhail Tarielovich Loris-Melikov went through all the Caucasian and Turkish campaigns of the second half of the middle of the 19th century.

Having shown himself excellently during the Caucasian War, during the Kars campaign of the Crimean War, Loris-Melikov led intelligence, and then successfully served as commander-in-chief during the difficult Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, having won a number of important victories over the united Turkish troops and in the third once captured Kars, by that time considered impregnable.

Dovator Lev Mikhailovich

Soviet military leader, major general, Hero of the Soviet Union. Known for successful operations to destroy German troops during the Great Patriotic War. The German command appointed a large reward for the head of Dovator.
Together with the 8th Guards Division named after Major General I.V. Panfilov, the 1st Guards Tank Brigade of General M.E. Katukov and other troops of the 16th Army, his corps defended the approaches to Moscow in the Volokolamsk direction.

Brusilov Alexey Alekseevich

One of the best Russian generals of the First World War. In June 1916, the troops of the Southwestern Front under the command of Adjutant General Brusilov A.A., simultaneously striking in several directions, broke through the enemy’s defense in depth and advanced 65 km. In military history, this operation was called the Brusilovsky breakthrough.

Pokryshkin Alexander Ivanovich

Air Marshal of the USSR, the first three times Hero of the Soviet Union, a symbol of victory over the Nazi Wehrmacht in the air, one of the most successful fighter pilots of the Great Patriotic War (WWII).

Participating in air battles of the Great Patriotic War, he developed and "tested" in battles a new tactic of air combat, which made it possible to seize the initiative in the air and eventually defeat the fascist Luftwaffe. In fact, he created a whole school of aces of the Second World War. Commanding the 9th Guards Air Division, he continued to personally participate in air battles, scoring 65 air victories over the entire period of the war.

Barclay de Tolly Mikhail Bogdanovich

In front of the Kazan Cathedral there are two statues of the saviors of the fatherland. Saving the army, exhausting the enemy, the battle of Smolensk - this is more than enough.

Oktyabrsky Philip Sergeevich

Admiral, Hero of the Soviet Union. During the Great Patriotic War, the commander of the Black Sea Fleet. One of the leaders of the Defense of Sevastopol in 1941 - 1942, as well as the Crimean operation of 1944. During the Great Patriotic War, Vice Admiral F.S. Oktyabrsky was one of the leaders of the heroic defense of Odessa and Sevastopol. Being the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, at the same time in 1941-1942 he was the commander of the Sevastopol Defense Region.

Three orders of Lenin
three orders of the Red Banner
two orders of Ushakov 1st degree
Order of Nakhimov 1st class
Order of Suvorov 2nd class
Order of the Red Star
medals

Kazarsky Alexander Ivanovich

Captain Lieutenant. Member of the Russian-Turkish war of 1828-29. He distinguished himself in the capture of Anapa, then Varna, commanding the Rival transport. After that, he was promoted to lieutenant commander and appointed captain of the Mercury brig. On May 14, 1829, the 18-gun brig "Mercury" was overtaken by two Turkish battleships "Selimiye" and "Real Bey". Having accepted an unequal battle, the brig was able to immobilize both Turkish flagships, one of which was the commander of the Ottoman fleet himself. Subsequently, an officer from the Real Bey wrote: “In the continuation of the battle, the commander of the Russian frigate (the infamous Raphael, which surrendered without a fight a few days earlier) told me that the captain of this brig would not give up, and if he lost hope, then he would blow up the brig If in the great deeds of ancient and our times there are feats of courage, then this act should overshadow all of them, and the name of this hero is worthy to be inscribed in gold letters on the temple of Glory: he is called Lieutenant Commander Kazarsky, and the brig is "Mercury"

Kosich Andrey Ivanovich

1. During his long life (1833 - 1917) A. I. Kosich went from non-commissioned officer to general, commander of one of the largest military districts of the Russian Empire. He took an active part in almost all military campaigns from the Crimean to the Russian-Japanese. He was distinguished by personal courage and bravery.
2. According to many, "one of the most educated generals of the Russian army." He left many literary and scientific works and memoirs. He patronized the sciences and education. He has established himself as a talented administrator.
3. His example served the development of many Russian military leaders, in particular, Gen. A. I. Denikin.
4. He was a resolute opponent of the use of the army against his people, in which he disagreed with P. A. Stolypin. "The army should shoot at the enemy, not at its own people."

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

The largest figure in world history, whose life and state activity left the deepest mark not only in the fate of the Soviet people, but also of all mankind, will be the subject of careful study of historians for more than one century. The historical and biographical feature of this personality is that it will never be forgotten.
During Stalin's tenure as Supreme Commander-in-Chief and Chairman of the State Defense Committee, our country was marked by victory in the Great Patriotic War, massive labor and front-line heroism, the transformation of the USSR into a superpower with significant scientific, military and industrial potential, and the strengthening of our country's geopolitical influence in the world.
Ten Stalinist strikes - the common name for a number of major offensive strategic operations in the Great Patriotic War, carried out in 1944 by the armed forces of the USSR. Along with other offensive operations, they made a decisive contribution to the victory of the countries of the Anti-Hitler coalition over Nazi Germany and its allies in World War II.

The greatest commander of the Second World War. Two people in history were awarded the Order of Victory twice: Vasilevsky and Zhukov, but after the Second World War, it was Vasilevsky who became the Minister of Defense of the USSR. His military genius is unsurpassed by ANY military leader in the world.

Bennigsen Leonty Leontievich

Surprisingly, a Russian general who did not speak Russian, who made up the glory of Russian weapons at the beginning of the 19th century.

He made a significant contribution to the suppression of the Polish uprising.

Commander-in-Chief in the Battle of Tarutino.

He made a significant contribution to the campaign of 1813 (Dresden and Leipzig).

Khvorostinin Dmitry Ivanovich

Outstanding commander of the second half of the XVI century. Oprichnik.
Genus. OK. 1520, died on August 7 (17), 1591. At the voivodship posts since 1560. Participated in almost all military enterprises during the independent reign of Ivan IV and the reign of Fyodor Ioannovich. He has won several field battles (including: the defeat of the Tatars near Zaraisk (1570), the Battle of Molodinskaya (during the decisive battle he led the Russian troops in Gulyai-gorod), the defeat of the Swedes at Lyamits (1582) and not far from Narva ( 1590)). He led the suppression of the Cheremis uprising in 1583-1584, for which he received the boyar rank.
According to the totality of the merits of D.I. Khvorostinin is much higher than M.I. Vorotynsky. Vorotynsky was more noble and therefore he was more often entrusted with the general leadership of the regiments. But, according to the commander's talents, he was far from Khvorostinin.

Ivan the Terrible

He conquered the Astrakhan kingdom, to which Russia paid tribute. Destroyed the Livonian Order. Expanded the borders of Russia far beyond the Urals.

Eremenko Andrey Ivanovich

Commander of the Stalingrad and South-Eastern fronts. The fronts under his command in the summer-autumn of 1942 stopped the advance of the German 6th field and 4th tank armies on Stalingrad.
In December 1942, the Stalingrad Front of General Eremenko stopped the tank offensive of the group of General G. Goth on Stalingrad, in order to unblock the 6th army of Paulus.

Vladimir Svyatoslavich

981 - the conquest of Cherven and Przemysl. 983 - the conquest of the Yatvags. 984 - the conquest of the natives. 985 - successful campaigns against the Bulgars, the taxation of the Khazar Khaganate. 988 - the conquest of the Taman Peninsula. 991 - the subjugation of the White Croats. 992 - successfully defended Cherven Rus in the war against Poland. in addition, the saint is equal to the apostles.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

He was the Supreme Commander during the Great Patriotic War, in which our country won, and made all strategic decisions.

Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich

Russian admiral who gave his life for the liberation of the Fatherland.
Scientist-oceanographer, one of the largest polar explorers of the late 19th - early 20th centuries, military and political figure, naval commander, full member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, leader of the White Movement, Supreme Ruler of Russia.

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

The great Russian commander, who did not suffer a single defeat in his military career (more than 60 battles), one of the founders of Russian military art.
Prince of Italy (1799), Count of Rymnik (1789), Count of the Holy Roman Empire, Generalissimo of the Russian land and sea forces, Field Marshal of the Austrian and Sardinian troops, grandee of the Sardinian kingdom and prince of royal blood (with the title "king's cousin"), knight of all Russian orders of their time, awarded to men, as well as many foreign military orders.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. Under his leadership, the Red Army crushed fascism.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

The commander-in-chief of the Red Army, which repelled the attack of Nazi Germany, liberated Evroppa, the author of many operations, including "Ten Stalinist strikes" (1944)

Kappel Vladimir Oskarovich

Without exaggeration - the best commander of the army of Admiral Kolchak. Under his command, in 1918, Russia's gold reserves were captured in Kazan. At the age of 36 - lieutenant general, commander of the Eastern Front. The Siberian Ice Campaign is associated with this name. In January 1920, he led 30,000 "Kappelevites" to Irkutsk to capture Irkutsk and release the Supreme Ruler of Russia, Admiral Kolchak, from captivity. The death of the general from pneumonia largely determined the tragic outcome of this campaign and the death of the Admiral ...

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

He is a great commander who did not lose a single (!) Battle, the founder of Russian military affairs, brilliantly fought battles, regardless of its conditions.

Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky (September 18 (30), 1895 - December 5, 1977) - Soviet military leader, Marshal of the Soviet Union (1943), chief of the General Staff, member of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command. During the Great Patriotic War, as Chief of the General Staff (1942-1945), he took an active part in the development and implementation of almost all major operations on the Soviet-German front. From February 1945 he commanded the 3rd Belorussian Front, led the assault on Königsberg. In 1945, he was commander-in-chief of the Soviet troops in the Far East in the war with Japan. One of the greatest commanders of World War II.
In 1949-1953 - Minister of the Armed Forces and Minister of War of the USSR. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1944, 1945), holder of two Orders of Victory (1944, 1945).

Ermak Timofeevich

Russian. Cossack. Ataman. Defeated Kuchum and his satellites. Approved Siberia as part of the Russian state. He devoted his whole life to military work.

Gurko Joseph Vladimirovich

Field Marshal General (1828-1901) Hero of Shipka and Plevna, Liberator of Bulgaria (a street in Sofia was named after him, a monument was erected). In 1877 he commanded the 2nd Guards Cavalry Division. To quickly capture some of the passes through the Balkans, Gurko led an advance detachment, composed of four cavalry regiments, an infantry brigade and a newly formed Bulgarian militia, with two batteries of horse artillery. Gurko completed his task quickly and boldly, won a series of victories over the Turks, ending with the capture of Kazanlak and Shipka. During the struggle for Plevna, Gurko, at the head of the troops of the guard and cavalry of the western detachment, defeated the Turks near Gorny Dubnyak and Telish, then again went to the Balkans, occupied Entropol and Orkhanie, and after the fall of Plevna, reinforced by the IX Corps and the 3rd Guards Infantry Division , despite the terrible cold, he crossed the Balkan Range, took Philippopolis and occupied Adrianople, opening the way to Constantinople. At the end of the war, he commanded military districts, was a governor-general, and a member of the state council. Buried in Tver (settlement Sakharovo)

Muravyov-Karssky Nikolai Nikolaevich

One of the most successful commanders of the middle of the 19th century in the Turkish direction.

Hero of the first capture of Kars (1828), leader of the second capture of Kars (the biggest success of the Crimean War, 1855, which made it possible to end the war without territorial losses for Russia).

Voronov Nikolai Nikolaevich

N.N. Voronov - commander of the artillery of the Armed Forces of the USSR. For outstanding services to the Motherland Voronov N.N. the first in the Soviet Union were awarded the military ranks of "Marshal of Artillery" (1943) and "Chief Marshal of Artillery" (1944).
... carried out the general leadership of the liquidation of the Nazi group surrounded near Stalingrad.

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

according to the only criterion - invincibility.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

He was the Supreme Commander of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War! Under his leadership, the USSR won the Great Victory during the Great Patriotic War!

Svyatoslav Igorevich

Grand Duke of Novgorod, from 945 Kyiv. Son of Grand Duke Igor Rurikovich and Princess Olga. Svyatoslav became famous as a great commander, whom N.M. Karamzin called "Alexander (Macedonian) of our ancient history."

After the military campaigns of Svyatoslav Igorevich (965-972), the territory of the Russian land increased from the Volga to the Caspian, from the North Caucasus to the Black Sea, from the Balkan Mountains to Byzantium. Defeated Khazaria and Volga Bulgaria, weakened and frightened the Byzantine Empire, opened the way for trade between Russia and Eastern countries

Chapaev Vasily Ivanovich

01/28/1887 - 09/05/1919 life. Head of a division of the Red Army, participant in the First World War and the Civil War.
Cavalier of three St. George's crosses and the St. George medal. Cavalier of the Order of the Red Banner.
On his account:
- Organization of the county Red Guard of 14 detachments.
- Participation in the campaign against General Kaledin (near Tsaritsyn).
- Participation in the campaign of the Special Army against Uralsk.
- An initiative to reorganize the Red Guard detachments into two regiments of the Red Army: them. Stepan Razin and them. Pugachev, united in the Pugachev brigade under the command of Chapaev.
- Participation in battles with the Czechoslovaks and the People's Army, from whom Nikolaevsk was recaptured, renamed in honor of the brigade in Pugachevsk.
- Since September 19, 1918, the commander of the 2nd Nikolaev division.
- From February 1919 - Commissar of Internal Affairs of the Nikolaevsky district.
- From May 1919 - brigade commander of the Special Alexander-Gai Brigade.
- Since June - the head of the 25th Infantry Division, which participated in the Bugulma and Belebeev operations against Kolchak's army.
- The capture by the forces of his division on June 9, 1919 of Ufa.
- The capture of Uralsk.
- A deep raid by a Cossack detachment with an attack on the well-guarded (about 1000 bayonets) and located in the deep rear of the city of Lbischensk (now the village of Chapaev, West Kazakhstan region of Kazakhstan), where the headquarters of the 25th division was located.

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich

Stalin during the Patriotic War led all the armed forces of our country and coordinated their combat operations. It is impossible not to note his merits in the competent planning and organization of military operations, in the skillful selection of military leaders and their assistants. Joseph Stalin proved himself not only as an outstanding commander who skillfully led all fronts, but also as an excellent organizer who did a great job of increasing the country's defense capability both in the pre-war and war years.

A short list of military awards I.V. Stalin received during the Second World War:
Order of Suvorov, 1st class
Medal "For the Defense of Moscow"
Order "Victory"
Medal "Gold Star" Hero of the Soviet Union
Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
Medal "For the Victory over Japan"

Suvorov Alexander Vasilievich

For the highest art of military leadership and boundless love for the Russian soldier

Barclay de Tolly Mikhail Bogdanovich

It's simple - It was he, as a commander, who made the greatest contribution to the defeat of Napoleon. He saved the army in the most difficult conditions, despite misunderstanding and heavy accusations of betrayal. It was to him that our great poet Pushkin, practically a contemporary of those events, dedicated the verse "Commander".
Pushkin, recognizing the merits of Kutuzov, did not oppose him to Barclay. To replace the common alternative “Barclay or Kutuzov”, with the traditional resolution in favor of Kutuzov, Pushkin came to a new position: both Barclay and Kutuzov are both worthy of the grateful memory of their descendants, but Kutuzov is honored by everyone, but Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly is undeserved forgotten.
Pushkin mentioned Barclay de Tolly even earlier, in one of the chapters of "Eugene Onegin" -

Thunderstorm of the twelfth year
It has come - who helped us here?
The frenzy of the people
Barclay, winter or Russian god?...

Denikin Anton Ivanovich

One of the most talented and successful commanders of the First World War. A native of a poor family, he made a brilliant military career, relying solely on his own virtues. Member of the REV, WWI, graduate of the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff. He fully realized his talent commanding the legendary "Iron" brigade, then deployed into a division. Participant and one of the main characters of the Brusilov breakthrough. He remained a man of honor even after the collapse of the army, a prisoner of Bykhov. Member of the ice campaign and commander of the All-Russian Union of Youth. For more than a year and a half, having very modest resources and far inferior in number to the Bolsheviks, he won victory after victory, freeing a huge territory.
Also, do not forget that Anton Ivanovich is a wonderful and very successful publicist, and his books are still very popular. An extraordinary, talented commander, an honest Russian man in a difficult time for the Motherland, who was not afraid to light a torch of hope.

Prince Monomakh Vladimir Vsevolodovich

The most remarkable of the Russian princes of the pre-Tatar period of our history, who left behind great fame and a good memory.

Kotlyarevsky Petr Stepanovich

Hero of the Russo-Persian War of 1804-1813
"General Meteor" and "Caucasian Suvorov".
He fought not in numbers, but in skill - first, 450 Russian soldiers attacked 1,200 Persian sardars in the Migri fortress and took it, then 500 of our soldiers and Cossacks attacked 5,000 askers at the crossing over the Araks. More than 700 enemies were exterminated, only 2,500 Persian fighters managed to escape from ours.
In both cases, our losses are less than 50 killed and up to 100 wounded.
Further, in the war against the Turks, with a swift attack, 1000 Russian soldiers defeated the 2000th garrison of the Akhalkalaki fortress.
Then, again in the Persian direction, he cleared Karabakh of the enemy, and then, with 2,200 soldiers, defeated Abbas-Mirza with a 30,000-strong army near Aslanduz, a village near the Araks River. In two battles, he destroyed more than 10,000 enemies, including English advisers and artillerymen.
As usual, Russian losses were 30 killed and 100 wounded.
Kotlyarevsky won most of his victories in night assaults on fortresses and enemy camps, preventing the enemies from coming to their senses.
The last campaign - 2000 Russians against 7000 Persians to the fortress of Lankaran, where Kotlyarevsky almost died during the assault, lost consciousness at times from blood loss and pain from wounds, but still, until the final victory, he commanded the troops as soon as he regained consciousness, and after that he was forced to be treated for a long time and move away from military affairs.
His feats for the glory of Russia are much cooler than the "300 Spartans" - for our generals and warriors more than once beat the 10-fold superior enemy, and suffered minimal losses, saving Russian lives.

General Ermolov

Nakhimov Pavel Stepanovich

Romanov Petr Alekseevich

Behind the endless discussions about Peter I as a politician and reformer, it is unfairly forgotten that he was the greatest commander of his time. He was not only an excellent rear organizer. In the two most important battles of the Northern War (the battles of Lesnaya and Poltava), he not only developed battle plans himself, but also personally led the troops, being in the most important, responsible areas.
The only commander I know of was equally talented in both land and sea battles.
The main thing is that Peter I created a national military school. If all the great commanders of Russia are the heirs of Suvorov, then Suvorov himself is the heir of Peter.
The Battle of Poltava was one of the greatest (if not the greatest) victory in Russian history. In all other great predatory invasions of Russia, the general battle did not have a decisive outcome, and the struggle dragged on, went to exhaustion. And only in the Northern War did the general battle radically change the state of affairs, and from the attacking side the Swedes became the defender, decisively losing the initiative.
I think that Peter I deserves to be in the top three in the list of the best commanders of Russia.

Vorotynsky Mikhail Ivanovich

“The compiler of the charter of the guard and border service” is, of course, good. For some reason, we have forgotten the battle of YOUTH from July 29 to August 2, 1572. But it was precisely from this victory that Moscow's right to a lot was recognized. The Ottomans were recaptured a lot of things, they were very sobered by the thousands of destroyed Janissaries, and unfortunately they helped Europe with this. The battle of YOUTH is very difficult to overestimate

Nevsky Alexander Yaroslavich

He defeated the Swedish detachment on July 15, 1240 on the Neva and the Teutonic Order, the Danes in the Battle of the Ice on April 5, 1242. All his life he "won, but was invincible." He played an exceptional role in Russian history in that dramatic period when Russia was hit from three sides - the Catholic West, Lithuania and the Golden Horde. He defended Orthodoxy from Catholic expansion. He is revered as a holy saint. http://www.pravoslavie.ru/put/39091.htm Marshal of the Soviet Union. Chief of Staff of the Southwestern Front, then at the same time the headquarters of the troops of the Southwestern direction, commander of the 16th (11th Guards Army). From 1943 he commanded the troops of the 1st Baltic and 3rd Belorussian fronts. He showed military leadership talent and especially distinguished himself during the Belarusian and East Prussian operations. He stood out for his ability to prudently and flexibly respond to imminent changes in the situation.

K.K. Rokossovsky

The intelligence of this marshal connected the Russian army with the Red Army.

Brusilov Alexey Alekseevich

An outstanding commander of the First World War, the founder of a new school of strategy and tactics, who made a huge contribution to overcoming the positional impasse. He was an innovator in the field of military art and one of the most prominent military leaders in Russian military history.
Cavalry General A. A. Brusilov showed the ability to manage large operational military formations - the army (8th - 05.08. May 21, 1917), a group of fronts (Supreme Commander-in-Chief - May 22, 1917 - July 19, 1917).
The personal contribution of A. A. Brusilov manifested itself in many successful operations of the Russian army during the First World War - the Battle of Galicia in 1914, the Battle of the Carpathians in 1914/15, the Lutsk and Czartoryi operations in 1915 and, of course, in the Offensive of the South-Western Front in 1916 city ​​(the famous Brusilovsky breakthrough).

(09/17/1895 - 11/20/1977) - Marshal of the Soviet Union (1943)

Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky entered the Second World War as one of the main authors of major strategic operations.

Vasilevsky was born on September 17, 1895 in the village of Novaya Golchikha near Kineshma in the family of a poor priest.

In 1909 he graduated from the theological school in Kineshma and entered the Kostroma theological seminary. In the summer of 1914, the First World War began, and Vasilevsky, who entered the last class of the seminary, decides to take final exams as an external student in order to join the army.

In the winter of 1915, Vasilevsky was sent to the Alekseevsky Infantry School, located in Lefortovo.

After completing an accelerated course of study, Vasilevsky was sent to the reserve battalion stationed in Rostov (Veliky), and in the fall, as a company commander, he volunteered for the Southwestern Front.

In the spring of 1916, the regiment in which Vasilevsky served, as part of the troops of the 9th Army, took part in the famous Brusilovsky breakthrough. After Romania entered the war, the regiment went to the new Romanian front.

After the start of revolutionary unrest and the collapse of the army, Vasilevsky retires on vacation and goes home. Here he begins to work as a teacher at a local school.

In 1919, Vasilevsky was drafted into the Red Army and sent to a reserve battalion stationed in the city of Efremov. The campaign against Moscow of the army of A.I. Denikin forced the Bolsheviks to temporarily appoint the former to responsible command positions. So Vasilevsky became the commander of the regiment of the Tula Infantry Division. But Vasilevsky's regiment did not have to participate in the battles with Denikin, since the enemy did not reach Tula.

In December, the Tula division was sent to the Western Front, where the offensive of the Polish troops was expected. Under the command of Tukhachevsky, Vasilevsky took part in several offensive operations: on the Berezina, near Smorgon, Vilna.

In 1926, Vasilevsky, already a regiment commander, completed a year of training at the Shot course.

Then, after almost a twelve-year stay in the 48th division, by order of the people's commissar he was sent to the newly formed Combat Training Directorate of the Red Army, which checked the combat readiness of the troops and practiced new forms of combined arms combat.

In 1936, Vasilevsky was promoted to the rank of colonel, and in the autumn of that year, by order of the people's commissar, he was enrolled in the first set of students at the Academy of the General Staff.

Arrests among the top military leaders of the Red Army in 1937-1938 accelerated the advancement of young specialists to their places. At the end of August, Vasilevsky was appointed head of the department of operational art (army operation) of the academy, and a month later - head of the department of the General Staff. And from now on, Vasilevsky's military activities will be connected with the General Staff.

He headed the operational training department until June 1939. In connection with the impending war, work in the General Staff was strained to the limit. Vasilevsky had to personally participate both in the development of the military campaigns of 1939-1940 (the battles at Khalkhin Gol, the campaign in Western Ukraine and Western Belarus in the autumn of 1939, the Soviet-Finnish war), and in the rearmament of the Red Army. A prominent military scientist, who worked for many years as Chief of the General Staff, B.M. Shaposhnikov, played a significant role in educating Vasilevsky as a first-class General Staff officer. In the same years, personal relationships between Vasilevsky and Stalin began to take shape.

In November 1940, Vasilevsky, as a military expert, took part in a trip to Berlin as part of a delegation led by Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars V.M. Molotov.

Already in February 1941, Germany began to gradually concentrate troops near the Soviet borders. The General Staff had to, taking into account the alarming information received daily, make adjustments to the existing plan to repel the impending attack.

In the spring, measures began to mobilize reservists, transfer troops to the borders from the depths of the country, and build new defensive structures. However, these activities could not be fully completed.

The war has begun. A few days later, the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command was created, first headed by People's Commissar of Defense S.K. Timoshenko, and then headed by I.V. Stalin. Vasilevsky also became a member of the Headquarters.

B. M. Shaposhnikov was again appointed chief of the General Staff, and Vasilevsky was appointed his deputy and head of the operational department. Since then, his meetings with Stalin have become almost daily. One of the main topics of the reports to the Supreme Commander was the formation of strategic reserves.

The main direction was the central one, on which the main masses of the Nazi troops aimed at capturing Moscow were concentrated. But the General Staff was not able to predict in time the enemy’s plan, which planned to encircle significant masses of troops of the Western, Reserve and Bryansk fronts near Vyazma and Bryansk, and later advance on Moscow with infantry formations from the west, and cover the capital with tank groups from the north and south. On September 30, Operation Typhoon began; the enemy managed to break through the front and encircle four Soviet armies in the Vyazma region.

Representatives of the State Defense Committee V.M. Molotov and K.E. Voroshilov arrived there to hold the most stringent defense measures in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bGzhatsk and Mozhaisk, and Vasilevsky as a representative of the Headquarters. Budyonny, who lost contact with his troops, was removed from command of the Reserve Front, the commander of the Western Front, General Konev, was threatened with a tribunal. The situation was saved by G.K. Zhukov, who took command of the Western Front and took Konev as his deputy.

As a result of the threat hanging over Moscow most of The General Staff was evacuated to Kuibyshev. Only a task force of ten people remained in Moscow to serve the Headquarters, which Vasilevsky was entrusted to lead.

In the midst of the battle for Moscow, on the personal instructions of Stalin, Vasilevsky was awarded the rank of lieutenant general.

At the end of November, Shaposhnikov fell ill, and the duties of Chief of the General Staff were temporarily assigned to Vasilevsky. His name is associated with the leadership of the offensive of the Kalinin Front (commander I.S. Konev), the first to launch a counteroffensive on the night of December 5, as well as the coordination of the actions of the Southwestern Front to liberate Rostov-on-Don.

Despite carefully conducted reconnaissance, the Soviet command failed to accurately find out the plans of the enemy. The General Staff still believed that significant German reserves were concentrated in the central direction, while the Wehrmacht was preparing the main offensive in the Caucasus in order to seize oil sources.

It was decided to conduct several separate operations near Leningrad, Smolensk, Kharkov and in the Crimea.

In May 1942, due to a serious illness, Shaposhnikov was relieved of his duties as Chief of the General Staff. The latter were assigned to Vasilevsky. He was given the rank of Colonel General.

In May, a losing streak began again for the Red Army. At the very beginning of the month, German troops broke into the Crimea. The last stage of the defense of Sevastopol began, which lasted until July 4. In the same days, operations were launched in the Kharkov region. At first they were successful, but soon the German troops themselves went on the offensive and by mid-May went to the rear of the troops of the Southwestern Front and launched an offensive south in the direction of the Caucasus and Stalingrad.

By the end of August, Vasilevsky arrived in the Stalingrad region on the South-Eastern Front, commanded by A.I. Eremenko. The headquarters ordered to take all necessary measures to mobilize the population, but not to surrender Stalingrad. After a conversation with Stalin, Vasilevsky decided to concentrate two or three armies from the Stavka reserve to the north and northwest of Stalingrad and to eliminate parts of the enemy that had broken through with their forces. Soon Zhukov arrived there, and Vasilevsky flew to Moscow.

At the end of September, Vasilevsky again returned to the South-Eastern Front, where the situation was carefully studied in the course of preparing an offensive in order to encircle the entire German group in Stalingrad. The operation was prepared in the strictest secrecy, only a few of the top command leadership knew about it.

Vasilevsky still controlled the South-Eastern Front, which received the name of Stalingrad. The plan of the operation provided for a strike on the Romanian troops standing on the flanks of the German group, a breakthrough in their defenses by the tank and mechanized corps of the Stalingrad and Southwestern Fronts with their further connection in the Kalach region.

Already in the first days of the offensive, which began on November 19, Vasilevsky understood that the German command would try to help his encircled group and release it. Therefore, he insisted before Stalin on the creation of a sufficiently strong outer ring of encirclement, and behind them reserves of mobile troops.

At the final stage of the Battle of Stalingrad, Vasilevsky led the fighting to repel attempts to unblock the encircled group and its final liquidation. On his initiative, one of the best armies, the 2nd Guards, was thrown against the Don Army Group, which was trying to unblock the encircled 6th Paulus Army.

For participation in the defeat of the German group in the Stalingrad region, Vasilevsky was awarded the Order of Suvorov, I degree (No. 2).

After the Battle of Stalingrad, the German command decided to prepare an offensive from the Kursk ledge, which had developed as a result of the fighting in the winter and spring of 1943. This time the intelligence of the General Staff uncovered the enemy's plan in a timely manner. It was decided not to be the first to go on the offensive, but to take up a tough defense, knock out German tanks, wear down the enemy in defensive battles, and only then go on the offensive by introducing accumulated reserves.

The troops of the Central Front under the command of K.K. Rokossovsky and Voronezh - under the command of I.F. Vatutin, as well as the troops of the Bryansk and left wing of the Western Fronts were to take part in the upcoming defensive battles.

On July 5, the German offensive began on the Kursk Bulge, repelled by the connection of the Central and Voronezh fronts. The culmination of the defensive battles was the famous tank battle near Prokhorovka on July 12, in which up to 1200 tanks and self-propelled guns took part. On the same day, the Bryansk and Western fronts went on the offensive, and on July 15, the troops of the Central Front.

In August, the battle for the Donbass began, in which Vasilevsky was entrusted with coordinating the actions of the Southwestern and Southern fronts. Vasilevsky's activities were connected with these fronts during the battle for the Dnieper, as well as during the liberation of Melitopol, Krivoy Rog, Zaporozhye and the beginning of the liberation of Crimea.

The following year, the troops of the fronts, whose actions were coordinated by Vasilevsky, liberated Nikopol, Nikolaev, and Odessa during the spring thaw and reached the Dniester. On the day of the liberation of Odessa on April 10, Vasilevsky was awarded the Order of Victory (No. 2).

In the summer, the main hostilities were transferred to Belarus, where the troops of four fronts launched Operation Bagration.

At the suggestion of Vasilevsky, the two armies that liberated the Crimea were transferred to Belarus, and the former department of the 4th Ukrainian Front also went there. Vasilevsky was ordered to coordinate the actions of the 1st Baltic and 3rd Belorussian fronts, commanded by young generals I.Kh.Bagramyan and I.D.Chernyakhovsky.

On June 22, the offensive of the fronts began. In the first days of the fighting, Vitebsk was liberated, to the west of which about 5 German divisions were in the pocket. On June 27, Orsha was liberated. Soviet troops crossed the Berezina. On July 3, the troops of the 3rd and 1st Belorussian fronts met in Minsk. The liberation of the Baltic states began, which Vasilevsky did not leave until the very new year.

From the Baltic states, the fighting moved into East Prussia, which abounded in fortified areas. At first, Vasilevsky continued to coordinate the actions of the 1st Baltic and 3rd Belorussian fronts. But after the death of Chernyakhovsky, Vasilevsky personally led his troops. He asked Stalin to release him from the post of chief of the General Staff and appoint AI Antonov, former chief of the Operations Directorate of the General Staff, to his place.

Decisive battles unfolded on the Zenland Peninsula and near Koenigsberg. On April 6, the assault on the fortified city, covered by a chain of forts, began. Four armies stormed Koenigsberg, and by the end of the fourth day of the assault, the garrison of the fortress capitulated.

Even before the end of the Great Patriotic War, in the summer of 1944, Vasilevsky was announced his forthcoming appointment to the post of commander of the Soviet troops in the Far East in the war with Japan. Immediately after the end of the East Prussian operation, Vasilevsky was recalled to Moscow, where he began to prepare a war plan.

Vasilevsky's idea was to simultaneously strike from the side of Transbaikalia, Primorye and Amur to the center of Northeast China. The fighting was to be deployed on the territory of about 1.5 million square meters. km and to a depth of 200-800 km. The Soviet troops were to cut the Japanese Kwantung Army into pieces and then defeat it. The troops of the Trans-Baikal Front (commander Marshal of the Soviet Union R.A. Malinovsky), the 1st and 2nd Far Eastern (commanders Marshal of the Soviet Union K.A. Meretskov and General M.A. Purkaev) and the ships of the Pacific Navy and the Amur Flotilla.

A huge mass of troops and equipment was secretly transferred to the Far East and Mongolia.

On August 9, the offensive began, ending on August 17. The 600,000-strong Japanese army surrendered to Soviet troops. It was the last act of World War II.

In March 1946, Vasilevsky was again appointed chief of the General Staff, almost simultaneously he became deputy minister, and then the first minister of defense. In 1949-1953 he was Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR, in 1953-1957 - First Deputy Minister of Defense.

Then, due to illness, he retired and since 1959 was in the group of general inspectors of the USSR Ministry of Defense.

Yu.N. Lubchenkov. 100 Great Commanders of World War II

Born into a family of a priest, he graduated from a theological seminary and was preparing to become a rural teacher. But the First World War abruptly changed both the plans and the entire future fate of the future Marshal of the Soviet Union Alexander Vasilevsky.

"Father always promoted quickly"

Returning from the front in the 18th year, Vasilevsky still managed to work for several months as a rural primary school teacher in the Tula province.

And in the 19th he was drafted into the Red Army, to which the future commander remained devoted until the end of his life.

“Father always somehow quickly advanced in the service, achieved success,” says the son of Marshal Igor. “Even before the start of the Great Patriotic War, he was already a prominent military leader and worked as deputy chief of the General Staff. I was six years old in 41. But I remember well that when the war started, I didn’t see my father at home for a very long time. At the General Staff, they worked around the clock. They even put beds there.”

Vasilevsky, if possible, took his wife and son to the front

During the days of the defense of Moscow, at the most critical moment - from October to November of the 41st year - Vasilevsky led the task force of the General Staff to serve the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command.

“Then he had to inform the Headquarters and the Supreme Commander-in-Chief about changes in the situation at the front. Develop plans, monitor the implementation of the decisions of the Headquarters,” says Igor Vasilevsky. “During the war, Stalin demanded a daily report on the operational situation. Once my father moved from one front headquarters to another "He did not have the opportunity to get in touch with the Supreme Commander, and he did not make such a report. Stalin told him that if this happens again, it will be the last mistake in his life."

In June 1942, Vasilevsky was appointed chief of the General Staff. In the same year, he returns to Moscow his wife and son, who had previously been evacuated.

“During the war, my father tried not to be separated from us. In total, two of the four years while the war was going on, he spent at the front,” says Igor Vasilevsky. “If there was such an opportunity, he always took me and my mother to the front. There are even chronicles , on which I am small with my father. "

In the first days of the war, Vasilevsky took a portrait of his wife Ekaterina Vasilievna Saburova from home to the General Staff. The portrait moved with him from one front to another. Now it is kept by the son of Marshal Igor.

"Mom's love helped father in everything"

Before meeting with Ekaterina Saburova, Vasilevsky was already married. From his first marriage with Serafima Nikolaevna Voronova, in the 24th year, his son Yuri was born. The family then lived in Tver.

“In the 31st year, my father was transferred to Moscow. Neither he nor my mother ever told me about their first meeting. Maybe because my father was still married by the time he met my mother. But somewhere fate brought them together. By that time, my mother had graduated from military stenographers' courses. In 1934, they got married, and a year later I was born, "said the youngest son of Marshal Igor Vasilevsky.

The family has always been a tangible support for the commander.

During the war, Vasilevsky experienced colossal overloads - sleepless nights affected. It is known that Stalin worked at night and demanded the same from his entourage.

“Of course, mother’s love helped father in everything,” the marshal’s son believes, “we must remember that in addition to responsibility for the duties assigned to him, his father constantly lived in stress from the unknown. He did not know what would happen to him tomorrow.”

In 1944, Vasilevsky said goodbye to his sons

Igor Alexandrovich recalled how one day in 1944 his father called him for a conversation, from which it was clear that he was saying goodbye.

The family then lived at the state dacha in Volynsky, and Igor Alexandrovich was nine years old. A little earlier, Marshal Vasilevsky spoke with his eldest twenty-year-old son Yuri. He was quite clearly told that he remained in charge and was responsible for all the Vasilevskys.

“Why my father said goodbye to us then, he didn’t explain to me or his older brother,” says Igor Vasilevsky. “The time was like this: if necessary, the reasons were found quickly. And in general, our father’s official affairs were never discussed in our house. It was banned."

At the Vasilevskys' dacha in Volynskoye, the hostess, the nanny, the cook, and other servants were people from the NKVD.

“Our personal belongings were always looked through, even my childhood toys,” recalls Igor Vasilevsky, “our conversations and movements, our circle of communication were recorded. It was a life under strict control, and we understood this well.”

Vasilevsky could convince even the Supreme Commander

At the beginning of the war, Stalin rarely listened to military leaders. He believed that the Supreme Commander had the right to make decisions independently.

“According to my father, Stalin radically reorganized and began to use the collective experience of the General Staff only in the 42nd year. That is, when the situation was threatening for us. He realized that it was necessary to use the experience of military people and military science. Father said that , despite the irascibility of the Supreme, his certain emotional imbalance, he always spoke directly, concisely and accurately, "said the marshal's son.

Reporting on the situation on the fronts, Vasilevsky talked to Stalin on the phone every day. During the war, he communicated with the Supreme Commander-in-Chief more often than other military leaders and, if necessary, knew how to convince him.

Vasilevsky restored relations with his father at the suggestion of Stalin

In his autobiography, Vasilevsky wrote in 1938 that "personal and written contact with his parents has been lost since 1924."

Alexander Mikhailovich was born into the family of a priest in the village of Novaya Golchikha, near the ancient Russian city of Kineshma. His father was a church regent, and his mother was the daughter of a psalmist. When the future marshal was two years old, Mikhail Vasilevsky was appointed to serve in the Ascension Church in the village of Novopokrovskoye. It was at this church that Vasilevsky received his primary education at a parochial school. Then he graduated from a religious school and a seminary.

Having become a fighter of the Red Army, and later a red commander, Vasilevsky had to break off relations with his family. Later, he restored them at the suggestion of Stalin.

“This, of course, was such a political game. It is known that Stalin during the war years showed loyalty to the Russian Orthodox Church and the clergy. He understood that for the Victory it was necessary to use all reserves, including spiritual ones,” says Igor Vasilevsky.

Once Stalin called Vasilevsky and told him: "Why don't you go to your father. You haven't seen him for so long."

“Father went to grandfather Mikhail, after that they maintained normal family relations. And in 1946, my older half-brother Yuri brought his grandfather to the state dacha in Volynskoye. I remember he stayed with us for a long time,” said the marshal’s son.

Order of Victory number two

The contribution of Marshal Vasilevsky to the cause of the Victory is enormous. He developed all the major battles of the Great Patriotic War.

Alexander Mikhailovich planned a counteroffensive near Stalingrad. Coordinated the actions of the fronts in the Battle of Kursk. Planned and directed operations to liberate Right-Bank Ukraine and Crimea. On April 10, 1944, the day Odessa was liberated from the Nazis, Vasilevsky was awarded the Order of Victory.

This order was the second in a row since the establishment of this military insignia. The owner of the first order "Victory" was Marshal Zhukov, the third - Stalin.

Order "Victory" - the main military award of the USSR. She was awarded for the successful conduct of military operations on the scale of one or more fronts.

In total, 17 commanders were awarded this order. And only three of them twice: Stalin, Zhukov, Vasilevsky.

The second order of "Victory" was awarded to Alexander Mikhailovich for the development and leadership of the operation to capture Koenigsberg in the 45th.

Igor Vasilevsky during the days of the assault on Koenigsberg was with his father at the front. Marshal then commanded the 3rd Belorussian Front. Now Igor Alexandrovich is 76 years old, and in the days of the capture of Koenigsberg he was 10. According to the marshal's son, the burning ruins of Koenigsberg are still before his eyes.

Khrushchev demanded to confirm that Stalin led military operations on the globe

After the war, Vasilevsky was still in charge of the General Staff until the age of 48, then he held key positions in the Ministry of the Armed Forces of the USSR.

The death of Stalin and the subsequent exposure of the personality cult of the leader affected the fate of the marshal.

In 1953, Nikita Khrushchev was elected First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.

“When Khrushchev was preparing for the 20th Party Congress, he demanded from his father to confirm his words that the Supreme Commander-in-Chief allegedly did not know how to use operational maps, but directed military operations on the globe,” said the marshal’s son.

Vasilevsky, who personally provided operational maps at Stalin's request, refused to do so. Soon Khrushchev, through Zhukov, conveyed to Vasilevsky that it was time for him to submit his resignation. Then Alexander Mikhailovich was the first deputy minister of defense of the USSR.

Vasilevsky suffered a heart attack, and then sat down to write his memoirs. And, according to his son, in his memoirs he survived the war once more. Alexander Mikhailovich died in the 77th year, not recovering from another heart attack.

After the war, Vasilevsky donated his things to museums

The eldest son of the marshal and his first wife, Serafima Nikolaevna Voronova, Yuri continued the military dynasty of the Vasilevskys. From a young age, he raved about airplanes. Yuri devoted his entire life to aviation, and ended his military career at the General Staff. He is a retired lieutenant general.

In the 48th year, Yuri married the eldest daughter of Marshal Zhukov, Era. Era Georgievna gave birth to two daughters. But the family soon fell apart.

Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky was never particularly happy with this union of marshal surnames. Stalin did not encourage the friendship of military leaders, and even more so family ties between them.

The youngest son of the marshal chose a peaceful profession. He is an honored architect of the Russian Federation, professor at the International Academy of Architecture. For more than 30 years, Igor Alexandrovich was the chief architect of Kurortproekt. His works are included in the Anthology of European Architecture. Igor Vasilevsky's wife Roza is also an architect. Her maiden name is Tevosyan.

Her father Ivan Fedorovich Tevosyan during the Great Patriotic War was the People's Commissar of Ferrous Metallurgy and for the Victory he did no less than military leaders.

Already in 1943, largely thanks to People's Commissar Tevosyan, the military industry of the USSR surpassed Germany both in quantity and quality of military equipment.

It so happened that after the war, Marshal Vasilevsky gave away to museums, by the way, mostly provincial ones, almost all the personal belongings that were with him at the front.

Today, in the house of his youngest son, only a portrait of his wife, with whom Vasilevsky was never separated, and a measuring compass are kept.

Holding this compass in his hands, Marshal Vasilevsky developed more than one landmark operation of the Great Patriotic War.

Alexander Mikhailovich Vasilevsky was born in September 1895 in the Ivanovo region. His father was a priest, while his mother was engaged in raising children, of whom there were 8 in the family. In early 1915, Alexander ended up in the Alekseevsky military school. Four months later, after completing an accelerated course, he graduated.

After graduating from college, he received the rank of ensign and arrived to serve in the Novokhopersky regiment, which was at the forefront at the front. The young officer, who immediately fell into the inferno of the First World War, spent two years on the front lines. Without rest, in battles and hardships, the personality of the future great commander was formed.

By the revolutionary events, Vasilevsky was already a staff captain and led a battalion of soldiers. In 1919 he began to serve in the Red Army. He was an assistant platoon commander in a reserve regiment. Soon he began to command a company, then a battalion, and went to the front - he fought with the Poles. For twelve years he served in the 48th Rifle Division, in turn leading the regiments that were part of this formation.

In May 1931, he was transferred to the Combat Training Directorate of the Red Army, participated in the organization of exercises, and the development of instructions for conducting combat. Work in the UPB, with the masters of military affairs Lapinsh and Sidyakin, enriched Vasilevsky with knowledge. In those same days, he met Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov.

Soon Alexander Mikhailovich was transferred to the apparatus of the People's Commissariat, then he went through the school of staff service in the People's Commissariat of Defense, as well as at the headquarters of the Volga Military District. In 1936, the colonel went to the Academy of the General Staff, graduated from it, and, under the patronage of Shaposhnikov, ended up in the General Staff.

By May 1940, Alexander Mikhailovich became deputy head of the Operations Directorate. Shaposhnikov was fired, and Vasilevsky remained in his place. The talent of the future marshal was fully appreciated by Stalin himself - he was included in the government delegation to Berlin, as a military expert.

The beginning hardened Vasilevsky's character, he was in the ranks of those military men whom Stalin directly trusted. And Stalin's trust in the war years was worth a lot. In , he was wounded, joint work on the defense of the city brought him closer to Zhukov.

Soon Vasilevsky had a very hard time. Shaposhnikov, who returned to the army with the outbreak of war, resigned from his post for health reasons. And now, Vasilevsky has become the interim chief of the General Staff. Alexander Mikhailovich, was one on one with Stalin, who issued short-sighted and unprofessional orders. Vasilevsky had to challenge them as much as possible, and also defend generals who had fallen out of favor with Stalin.

In the summer of 42, he was appointed full-fledged chief of the General Staff. Now his leadership talent was revealed, he was engaged in planning operations, supplying the fronts with food and weapons, conducted practical work, and was engaged in the preparation of reserves. He is getting closer and closer to Zhukov. After, the communication of the two great commanders will develop into friendship. In 1943, Vasilevsky received the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union. Now he is the second military man after Zhukov to receive such a military rank.

In the summer of 1943, Vasilevsky was expected. Having shared the responsibility for the operation together with Zhukov, once again, having dissuaded Stalin from his plan, the marshals were waiting for heavy battles. Having bled and exhausted the Germans in defensive battles, the Red Army went on the offensive without a break. From that moment began the expulsion of the Germans from the Russian land. The operation on the Kursk Bulge was brilliantly carried out by the remarkable marshals of the Soviet army.

He was less and less engaged in the affairs of the General Staff. Working with Vasilevsky, Stalin learned to perceive the situation more competently. The great strategist switches his attention to the front, where he conducts several successful operations. The liberation of Donbass, Odessa, Crimea - these are all well-planned operations, behind which was the great work of Marshal Vasilevsky. In the battles for Sevastopol, the marshal was wounded. His car hit a mine. For some time he was on vacation, spending time with his family in Moscow.

Soon he already drew up a plan for the liberation of Belarus. After consultations with Stalin, the plan was approved. The operation was called "Bagration", and was one of the most brilliant of the entire Second World War. Alexander Mikhailovich, developing a plan, applied all his military knowledge, there was everything: creativity, tactics and theory, which was perfectly reproduced in practice. For the liberation of Belarus, he was awarded the title.

In February 45, Vasilevsky, after the death of Chernyakhovsky, was appointed commander of the third Belorussian Front. Under the command of the marshal, the troops completed the defeat of the Germans in East Prussia. After the surrender of Germany, he conducted a brilliant operation in the Far East and quickly defeated the Japanese army. For this campaign, he was awarded the second star of the Hero of the Soviet Union.

Marshal Vasilevsky - who inscribed his name in golden letters in the history of our Motherland. Alexander Vasilyevich is the owner of many awards of the Soviet Union, but the main award for the marshal is, of course, the people's love, which he deserved by sacrificing himself for the good of the country. He died on December 5, 1977.

		Stove on Red Square in Moscow
		Ivanovo, annotation board
		Vichuga, bust
		Kaliningrad, monument
		Kineshma, memorial plaque
		Kineshma, bust
		Kineshma city, annotation board
		s.Smorodino, memorial sign
		Smolensk, bust
		Kostroma, memorial plaque (1)
		Moscow, bust in the museum
		Kineshma, a bust at the school
		Kostroma, memorial plaque (2)
		Kineshma, Alley of Heroes

AT Asilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich - Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army, Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, member of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command; commander-in-chief of the Soviet troops in the Far East, Marshal of the Soviet Union.

Born on September 18 (30), 1895 in the village of Novaya Golchikha, Kineshma district, Kostroma province (now within the city of Vichuga, Ivanovo region) in the family of a clergyman - psalmist. Russian. In 1897 he moved with his family to the village of Novopokrovskoye, now Kineshma district, Ivanovo region. In 1909 he graduated from the Kineshma Theological School and entered the Kostroma Theological Seminary, a diploma from which allowed him to continue his education in a secular educational institution. He graduated from the seminary in January 1915.

Since February 1915 - in the Russian Imperial Army. In June 1915 he graduated from an accelerated course (4 months) of the Alekseevsky military school in Moscow, received the rank of ensign. From June 1915 - junior officer of a company in spare parts (Rostov, Zhitomir). In September 1915 he was sent to the South-Western Front, junior officer, from August 1916 - company commander of the 409th Novokhopyorsky Regiment (103rd Infantry Division, 9th Army). In May 1916 he participated in the famous Brusilov breakthrough. In 1917, he served as a battalion commander in the same regiment on the Southwestern and Romanian fronts, staff captain.

After the October Revolution in December 1917, the soldiers elected him commander of the 409th regiment. In January 1918, he went on vacation, returned to his homeland, worked in his parent's farm.

In June 1918 he was appointed an instructor of Vsevobuch in the Ugletsky volost (Kineshma district of the Kostroma province). Since September 1918, he worked as a teacher in elementary schools in the villages of Verkhovye and Podyakovlevo in the Tula province (now the Oryol region).

In April 1919, he was drafted into the Red Army by the Novosilsky district military registration and enlistment office of the Tula province. He served in the 4th reserve battalion (Efremov): assistant platoon commander, company commander, from October 1919 - commander of the 3rd battalion of the 4th reserve (then renamed the 5th rifle) regiment of the 2nd Tula (then 48th) rifle division. Member of the Civil War since January 1920 - assistant commander of the 429th Infantry Regiment in the 11th and 96th Infantry Divisions on the Western Front. He fought against gangs on the territory of the Tula and Samara provinces, Bulak-Balakhovich's detachments, participated in the Polish campaign of 1920.

After the Civil War, from 1920 he was assistant commander of the 142nd Infantry Regiment (Kaluga, Rzhev, Tver), from May 1923 - acting commander of this regiment. From January 1924 - head of the divisional school for junior commanders of the 48th Infantry Division (Tver). From December 1924 he commanded the 143rd, from December 1928 - the 144th rifle regiments of the 48th Tver rifle division (Tver and Vyshny Volochek). In 1927 he graduated from the shooting and tactical courses "Shot". In the autumn of 1930, the regiment under the command of Vasilevsky took first place in the division and received an excellent mark in district maneuvers.

From March 1931 he served in the Combat Training Directorate of the Red Army - assistant to the head of the sector and the 2nd department. Since December 1934 he was the head of the combat training department of the Volga Military District.

In 1936, he was sent to study at the newly created Academy of the General Staff of the Red Army, but after completing the first year, he was unexpectedly appointed head of the logistics department of this academy (the former head, I.I. Trutko, was repressed at that time). In 1938, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR A.M. Vasilevsky was given the rights of a graduate of the Academy of the General Staff. In October 1937, a new appointment followed - head of the operational training department of the Operational Directorate of the General Staff. From May 21, 1940, he was deputy chief of the Operational Directorate of the General Staff. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1938.

Member of the Great Patriotic War from the first day. On August 1, 1941, Major General Vasilevsky A.M. was appointed Deputy Chief of the General Staff - Chief of the Operational Directorate. From January 25, 1942 - 1st Deputy Chief of the General Staff. On May 15, 1942, he was appointed Acting Chief of the General Staff (due to the illness of Marshal B.M. Shaposhnikov)

Chief of the General Staff (06/26/1942-02/20/1945), at the same time Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR (10/14/1942-02/20/1945). He made a great contribution to the development of Soviet military art, took part in the development and implementation of the plan for an offensive operation near Stalingrad. On behalf of the Headquarters, the Supreme High Command coordinated the actions of the Voronezh and Steppe fronts in the Battle of Kursk. He supervised the planning and conduct of operations to liberate the Donbass, Northern Tavria, the Krivoy Rog-Nikopol operation, the operation to liberate the Crimea, the Belarusian operation.

At Order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 29, 1944 for the exemplary performance of the tasks of the Supreme High Command on the front of the fight against the German invaders Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasilevsky Alexander Mikhailovich He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

Member of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command (17.02.1945-4.09.1945). Commander of the 3rd Belorussian Front (20.02.1945-3.04.1945). He led the assault on Königsberg in April 1945.

Back in the autumn of 1944, A.M. Vasilevsky was given the task of calculating the necessary forces and material resources for the war against imperialist Japan. In 1945, under his leadership, a plan was prepared for the Manchurian strategic offensive operation, which was approved by the Headquarters and the State Defense Committee. July 30, 1945 A.M. Vasilevsky was appointed commander-in-chief of the Soviet troops in the Far East.

On the eve of the offensive, Marshal Vasilevsky visited the starting positions of the troops, got acquainted with the units, and discussed the situation with the commanders of the armies and corps. At the same time, the deadlines for completing the main tasks were specified and reduced, in particular, access to the Manchurian Plain. It took only 24 days for the Soviet and Mongolian troops to defeat the Japanese Kwantung Army in Manchuria.

At By order of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on September 8, 1945, for the skillful leadership of Soviet troops in the Far East during the war with Japan, the Marshal of the Soviet Union was awarded the second Gold Star medal.

In the postwar period, A.M. Vasilevsky - Chief of the General Staff (03.22.1946-11.1948), First Deputy Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR (11.1948-03.24.1949). Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR (24.03.1949-25.02.1950), Minister of War of the USSR (25.02.1950-5.03.1953). He led the work on the reorganization of the army in accordance with the conditions of peacetime.

After the death of I.V. Stalin, N.S. became the head of the Soviet state. Khrushchev, who considered Marshal Vasilevsky a Stalinist nominee and gradually demoted the outstanding commander in positions. A.M. Vasilevsky was the 1st Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR (03/05/1953-03/15/1956), Deputy Minister of Defense for military science (08/14/1956-12/1957). In December 1957, Marshal Vasilevsky was dismissed. However, in January 1959, the Group of Inspectors General of the USSR Ministry of Defense was created and Vasilevsky was included in its composition, where he worked until the end of his life as an inspector general.

Member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (10/14/1952-10/17/1961). Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 2-4 convocations (1946-1960).

Lived in the hero city of Moscow. Died December 5, 1977. Dust A.M. Vasilevsky was buried on Red Square in the Kremlin wall.

Military ranks A.M. Vasilevsky:
colonel (1935);
brigade commander (08/16/1938);
division commander (04/05/1940);
major general (06/04/1940);
lieutenant general (10/28/1941);
colonel general (05/21/1942);
army general (01/18/1943);
Marshal of the Soviet Union (02/16/1943).

He was awarded two Orders of Victory, 8 Orders of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, 2 Orders of the Red Banner, Orders of Suvorov 1st Class, Red Star, "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" 3rd Class, medals, Honorary weapons with a golden image of the State Emblem of the USSR, foreign awards.

A bronze bust was installed in the city of Kineshma, there was another bust near the school building, and a memorial plaque was installed on the building of the former religious school. Busts were installed in the cities of Vichuga and Smolensk, a monument - in Kaliningrad. Immortalized on the Alley of Heroes in the city of Kineshma. In Kineshma and Kostroma, memorial plaques were installed on the buildings of educational institutions. Streets in Moscow, Ivanovo, Kineshma, Chelyabinsk, Engels of the Saratov region, Krasnodon of the Luhansk region, a square in Kaliningrad, a boulevard in Samara, a secondary school in Samara are named after the marshal. A peak in the Pamirs and a variety of lilacs, an ocean tanker and a large anti-submarine ship bear his name. The name of A.M. Vasilevsky in 1977-1991 was carried by the Air Defense Military Academy in the city of Kyiv (in 1986-1991 it was called the Air Defense Military Academy of the Ground Forces).

Compositions:
The work of a lifetime. - 7th ed. - M.: Politizdat, 1990.
Marshal of the Soviet Union Boris Shaposhnikov. // Generals and commanders of the Great Patriotic War. - Issue. 2. - M .: "Young Guard", 1979. - (ZhZL).
Defeat of the Kwantung Army. - Khabarovsk, 1968.

List of awards A.M. Vasilevsky

State awards of the USSR:

2 medals "Gold Star" (07/29/1944 - No. 2856, 09/08/1945 - No. 78 / II)
2 orders of "Victory" (04/10/1944 - No. 2, 04/19/1945 - No. 7)
8 Orders of Lenin
Order of the October Revolution (02/22/1968)
2 orders of the Red Banner (11/3/1944, 06/20/1949)
Order of Suvorov 1st degree (01/28/1943 - No. 2)
Order of the Red Star (1939)
Order "For Service to the Homeland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" III degree (04/30/1975)
medal "For military valor. In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (1970)
medal "XX years of the Red Army" (1938)
Medal "For the Defense of Moscow"
Medal "For the Defense of Leningrad"
Medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad"
medal "For the Capture of Koenigsberg"
medal "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
medal "For the victory over Japan"
Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945"
medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
medal "In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow"
medal "30 years of the Soviet Army and Navy"
medal "40 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
medal "50 years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
Honorary weapon with a golden image of the State Emblem of the USSR (02/22/1968)

Foreign awards:

2 orders of Sukhe-Bator (MPR, 1966, 1971)
Order of the Red Banner of War (MPR, 1945)
Order of the People's Republic of Bulgaria, 1st class (NRB, 1974)
Order of Karl Marx (GDR, 1975)
Order of the White Lion, 1st class (Czechoslovakia, 1955)
Order of the White Lion "For Victory", 1st class (Czechoslovakia, 1945)
Order "Virtuti Military" 1st class (Poland, 05/21/1946)
Order of the Rebirth of Poland II and III class (Poland, 1968, 1973)
Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 1st class (Poland, 05/21/1946)
Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor (France, 01/08/1945)
Order of the Legion of Honor of the degree of Commander-in-Chief (USA, 06/24/1944)
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (Great Britain, 01/19/1944)
Order of the Partisan Star, 1st class (SFRY, 1946)
Order of National Liberation (SFRY, 1946)
Order of the State Banner, 1st class (DPRK, 1948)
Order of the Precious Chalice, 1st class (China, 1946)
2 Military Crosses 1939 (Czechoslovakia, 1943, 1946)
Military Cross (France, 1944)
medal "For the victory over Japan" (MPR, 1945)
medal "25 years of the Mongolian People's Republic" (MPR, 1946)
medal "30 years of victory at Khalkhin Gol" (MPR, 1969)
medal "50 years of the Mongolian People's Republic" (MPR, 1971)
medal "50 years of the Mongolian People's Army" (MPR, 1971)
medal "30 years of victory over militaristic Japan" (MPR, 1975)
medal "90th anniversary of the birth of Georgy Dimitrov" (NRB, 1974)
medal "Brotherhood in Arms" (Poland, 1971)
Medal "For the Liberation of Korea" (DPRK, 1946)
medal "Sino-Soviet friendship" (PRC, 1955)
GDR medal
Dukel commemorative medal (Czechoslovakia, 1960).