The back of the tongue facing the throat... Psychomotor: Dictionary Reference

ROOT- ROOT, root, pl. roots, roots, m. 1. A part of a plant that has grown into the ground, through which it sucks juices from the soil. The storm uprooted the trees. The oak is deeply rooted in the ground. || The wood or substance of this part of the plant. Licorice root… Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

root morphological- The root allocated in relation to the current state of the language. The root of pis in the words to write, letter; extract, note, writing, inventory, census. Etymological root. The root allocated in relation to the past eras of the development of the language. Root… … Dictionary of linguistic terms

root- See the beginning, the reason, the origin, uproot, take root ... Dictionary of Russian synonyms and expressions similar in meaning. under. ed. N. Abramova, M .: Russian dictionaries, 1999. root, beginning, reason, origin; radical; spine, stem, ... ... Synonym dictionary

Root of the word- ROOT OF THE WORD. Non-derivative basis (see), which does not contain any accessories of the form of words (see); for example, in the word "mitten" K. "hands"; in Semitic languages, in which vowels within a word have a formal meaning, K. naz. only consonants... Dictionary of literary terms

Root- The root is the carrier of the real, lexical meaning of the word, its central part, which remains unchanged in the processes of morphological derivation; expresses the idea of ​​the identity of the word to itself; correlates with the concept of a lexeme; simple, or non-derivative ... Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary

Root (river)- This term has other meanings, see Root (meanings). Root ... Wikipedia

root- n., m., use. comp. often Morphology: (no) what? root for what? root, (see) what? root what? root about what? about the root and on the root; pl. what? roots, (no) what? roots for what? roots, (see) what? roots what? roots, what? about roots 1. The root is ... Dictionary of Dmitriev

Root (linguistics)- This term has other meanings, see Root (meanings). The root of a morpheme that carries the lexical meaning of the word (or the main part of this meaning); there is a root in every word, and the word can consist of one or more (in ... ... Wikipedia

root- rnya; pl. roots, her; m. 1. The underground part of the plant, through which it is strengthened in the soil and receives water from the earth with minerals dissolved in it. Tree roots. Long k. k. life (about ginseng). Rotting the crop in the bud (in ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• Look at the Root, or the Golden Key, Olga Zablotskaya. The desire to revive the roots of the Slavic family tree and discover the wonderful world of the most ancient language on Earth, the roots of which go deep into the millennia, and in a highly branched crown still ... Buy for 1118 rubles
• Russian root. On the root figurative word-formation of the Russian language, Vladimir Golovkov. It turns out that the words of the Russian language do not consist of prefixes, roots, suffixes and endings, but of roots, each of which has its own unique image, most directly affecting ...

Let us also give several examples of Latin "winged words" and expressions that apparently originated from Slavic word combinations. Let's use the "Dictionary of Latin winged words". We will give the corresponding Slavic words, sometimes not taking into account cases, that is, we will indicate only the Slavic backbone of Latin expressions.

It is important to emphasize that here we are already dealing with whole sentences, composed of several Latin words, expressing a complete and often complex thought. The fact that these sentences are entirely "read in Slavic" indicates that not only individual words that make up a coherent text were Slavic, but also the rules for their combination, the structure of grammar, the way of thinking of people who uttered such phrases. In other words, the authors of many Latin "winged expressions", as it is now revealed, thought in Slavonic.

1) "ABI IN PACE" = Go in peace. The words of the departure prayer in the Catholic religious rite. Could have come from: "GO TO REST". Here the transition of the Latin letters d-b, differing only in orientation, as well as the transition: Russian K ===> C Latin. That is, here the transition is as follows: GO ===> ABI; ON ===> IN; REST ===> PACE.

2) "ABIT, EXCESSIT, EVASIT, ERUPIT" = Left, stepped out, slipped away, escaped. Cicero, Orations Against Catiline. It could have come from: "TO DIE, EXODUS, CARRY AWAY, TEAR (pull out)". Here the transition is: DOWN ===> ABIT; EXCESS ===> EXCESSIT; CARRY AWAY ===> EVASIT; RIP ===> ERUPIT on transition V-P.

3) "ABSIT INVIDIA VERBO" = Let not dislike what is said; let them not judge me for these words, do not punish me for these words. It could come from: "WITHOUT, HATE, SOLID", that is, treat without hatred what I say. Here the transition is: WITHOUT ===> ABSIT; HATE ===> INVIDIA; SOLID ===> VERBO.

4) "ABSOLVO TE" = I release you. That is, I forgive you your sins. The formula for the remission of sins at confession among Catholics. Could come from: "WITHOUT LOVE YOU", that is, I do not catch you, you are free. Here the transition is: WITHOUT ===> ABS; LVO ===> LVO; YOU ===> TE.

5) "AB URBE CONDITA" = From the founding of the city. The era of the Roman chronology. It could have come from: "PO, HORDE, CREATE", that is, the countdown of years from the moment the Horde was created. Here the transition is: ON ===> AB; HORDE ===> URBE; CREATE ===> CONDITA at the transition of the Latin Z-N (put the letter on its side).

6) "A CAPILLIS USQUE AD UNGUES" = From hair to nails. Plautus, Epidic. Could come from: "HAIR, BEFORE, NAIL". Here the transition is as follows: HAIR ===> caPILLIS at the transition V-P; BEFORE ===> AD; NAIL ===> UNGUES.

7) "AD UNGUEM" = Up to the nail; to perfection, that's for sure. Horace, "Satires". Could come from: "TO THE NAIL". Here the transition is: BEFORE ===> AD; NAIL ===> UNGUEM at the transition: Russian m ("te" with three sticks) ===> Latin m.

8) "ALMA MATER" = Nourishing mother. Could have come from: "MOTHER'S MILK". Here the transition is: MILK ===> ALMA, MOTHER ===> MATER. Most likely, in the same semantic bush there are also the Latin words ALUMNA = pupil, pet, ALUMNUS = fed, educated, nurtured. That is, words derived from the Slavic MILK.

9) "A MARI USQUE AD MARE" = From sea to sea. Could come from: "SEA LOOKING (search) TO THE SEA". Here the transition is: SEA ===> MARE, SEARCH ===> USQUE, BEFORE ===> AD.

10) "AQUILA NON CAPAT MUSCAS" = The eagle does not catch flies. Could have come from: "EAGLE DOES NOT CATCH FLY". Here the transition is as follows: OREL ===> AQUILA at the transition: Russian р ===> q Latin; NOT ===> NON; CAPAT ===> CAPAT at the transition: Russian C ===> C Latin; FLY, MOSHKA ===> MUSQUE.

11) "CACATUM NON EST PICTUM" = Poked - not painted. Could come from: "POOK NOT IS TO DRAW". Here the transition is: POCKET ===> CACATUM; NOT ===> NON; IS ===> EST; DRAW ===> PICTUM at the transition: Russian р ===> p Latin, Russian С ===> C Latin.

12) “CARPE DIEM” = Seize the day, that is, use today, seize the moment. Could have come from: "SCRATCH (SCRATCH) DAY". See the SCRATCH, SCRATCH section above.

13) "CLAVUM CLAVO" = Number of points. Could come from: "BEAK BEAK", that is, "COL COLOM".

14) "EDITE, BIBITE, POST MORTEM NULLA VOLUPTAS" = Eat, drink, there is no pleasure after death! A common motif of ancient inscriptions on tombstones and tableware. Could come from: "EAT, DRINK, BE BACK, DIE, ZERO, FALL IN LOVE". Here the transition is: EAT ===> EDITE; PAYTY ===> BIBITE on PB transition; BEHIND ===> POST; DIE ===> MORTEM; ZERO, an old Russian word (see our Dictionary) ===> NULLA; FALL IN LOVE ===> VOLUPTAS.

15) "ET TU BRUTE!" = And you, Brutus! Words, as if spoken by Caesar, when the conspirators struck him with swords. Suetonius transmitted the words of Caesar to Brutus in this form: "And you, child?" It could have come from: "AND YOU ARE LIKE (or ALSO) A BROTHER!" Here the transition is: And ===> ET; YOU ===> TU; HOW TO ===> QUOQUE; ALSO ===> AUTEM at the transition: Russian f ===> m Latin; BROTHER ===> BRUT.

16) "FESTINA LENTE" = Hurry slowly, do everything slowly. Could come from: "HURRY, LAZY", that is, hurry lazily, slowly. Here the transition is as follows: HURRY ===> FESTINA at the transition P-F and Sh-S; LAZY ===> LENTE.

17) "HOC SIGNO VINCES" = With this banner you will win, under this banner you will win. Could come from "MAIL SIGN". Here the transition is: SIGN ===> SIGNO; WARRIOR, MILITARY ===> VINCES.

18) "IN NOMINE PATRIS ET FILII ET SPIRITUS SANCTI" = In the name of father and son and holy spirit. Catholic prayer formula. Could come from: "I NAME (name), DADDY, AND, LOVE, AND, SOAR, LAW". Here the transition is: I NAME ===> NOMINE; BATYA ===> PATRIS during the transition B-P; I LOVE ===> FILII (see above our Dictionary) at B-F transition; AND ===> ET, FLIGHT ===> SPIRITUS; LAW (legalize) ===> SANCTI.

19) "IN PLENO" = In full force. Could come from: "I'll FILL" or "FULL".

20) "IN SALTU UNO DUOS APROS CAPERE" = Catch two boars in the same forest. It is considered the equivalent of Russian: One shot to kill two birds with one stone. It could have come from: "FOREST (wooded), ONE, TWO PIGS (that is, a wild boar, wild boar), TsAPAYU." Here the transition is: WOODED (forest) ===> SALTU; ONE ===> UNO; TWO ===> DOUS at V-U transition; PIG - > APROS; TsAPAYU ===> CAPERE at the transition C ===> C Latin and Yu ===> R due to the similarity of spelling.

21) "INSTAURATIO MAGNA" = Great restoration. Could come from: "TUNING A LOT". Here the transition is: SETUP ===> INSTAURATIO; MANY ===> MAGNA.

22) "INTERPRETATIO ABROGANS" = Abolishing interpretation. Interpretation of any law, depriving it of real meaning. It could have come from: "INSIDE TO TRANSFER, SCORE (SCURSE)". Here the transition is: INSIDE TO TRANSFER ===> INTERPRETATIO (see dictionary above); ABRUGAN (to scold) ===> ABROGANS.

23) "IN VINO VERITAS" = Truth is in wine. Could come from: "WINE, BELIEVE".

24) "IRA FACIT POETAM" = Anger creates a poet. Could have come from: "FURIOUS (rage), DRAG, SING (sings)". Here the transition is as follows: FURIOUS, FURY ===> IRA; DRAG ===> FACIT at the transition of T-F and Shch-S (see Dictionary above); POET ===> POETAM.

25) "IRA FUROR BREVIS EST" = Anger is a momentary frenzy (Horace). It could come from: "YARY (rage), FURY, RIP, IS". Here the transition is: IRAID ===> IRA; YARIT ===> FUROR at the transition of T-F and permutation of RT ===> TPP; BREAKING ===> BREVIS; IS ===> EST. Or FUROR here comes from the word TORYU, tori.

26) "IS FECIT CUI PRODEST" = Made by the one who benefits. It could have come from: "DRAG, WHO WILL SELL." Here the transition is as follows: DRAG ===> FECIT at the transition of T-F (fita) and SHCH-S; WHO ===> CUI; SELL ===> PRODEST.

27) "JUS CIVILE" = Civil law. Could come from: "TRUTH, YOUR (MASTERED, brother-in-law)". Here the transition is: TRUE ===> JUS; OWN, MASTERED ===> CIVILE.

28) "JUS COMMUNAE" = Common law. Could come from: "TRUTH, COM (WITH ME, that is, together)". Here the transition is: TRUE ===> JUS; COM (that is, a group), WITH ME ===> COMMUNAE.

29) "JUS CRIMINALE" = Criminal law. Could come from: "TRUTH, SHAME". Here the transition is TRUE ===> JUS; SHAMNOY (SRAM, that is, shame) ===> CRIMINALE at the transition: Russian C ===> C Latin.

30) "JUS DICIT" = Speaks right. Could come from: "TRUTH SPEAK". Here the transition is: TRUE ===> JUS; SPEECH ===> DICIT at the transition: Russian p ===> d Latin (turned the letter) and Russian Ch ===> C Latin.

31) "JUS DIVINUM" = Divine right. Could come from: "THE WONDERING TRUTH". Here the transition is: TRUE ===> JUS; DIVINA ===> DIVINUM.

32) "JUS GLADII" - The right of the sword. Could come from: "TRUTH OF THE COLD" or "TRUE OF COLD (cold)". Here the transition is: TRUE ===> JUS; KLADENETS (an old Russian name for a sword) ===> GLADII, or KHLAD (cold, edged weapons, as they still say) ===> GLADII, in transition: Russian Х ===> G Latin.

33) "JUS NATURALE" = Natural law. Could come from: "TRUTH, MADE (that is, repeated, creation)". Here the transition is: TRUE ===> JUS; MADE ===> NATURALE.

34) "JUS PRIMAE NOCTIS" = Right of the first night. Could have come from: "TRUTH, FIRST NIGHT". Here the transition is: TRUE ===> JUS; FIRST (first) ===> PRIMAE at the transition Sh-M (turned the letter); NIGHT ===> NOCTIS.

35) "JUS PRUMAE OCCUPATIONS" (or PRIMI POSSIDENTIS) = The right to first capture. Could have come from: "TRUTH OF THE FIRST CLUTCH (CUT, CLUTCH, CLUTCH)" or from: "THE FIRST TRUE TO LAND (SIT, POSADNIK," SIT ")". Here the transition is: TRUE ===> JUS; FIRST ===> PRIMAE; STATCHING, STRIPPING ===> OCCUPATIONS; PLANT (SIT) ===> POSSIDENTIS, that is, "The truth of the first posadnik".

36) "JUS PUBLICUM" = Public law. Could have come from: "THE CROWD TRUTH". Here the transition is: TRUE ===> JUS; CROWD, CROWD ===> PUBLICUM during P-B transition and permutation.

37) "JUS PUNIENDI" = The right to punish. It could have come from: "TRUTH, SCRIPT (FINE, WINE, BLAME)". Here the transition is: TRUE ===> JUS; BLAME, BLAME ===> PUNIENDI at the transition of V-P and T-D.

38) "JUS SCRIPTUM" = Written law. It could come from: "TO BRING THE TRUTH" or "TRUTH, SCREAMING (with a pen)", that is, write down with a pen, fix it on paper, fasten or fix the truth, SEAL with a seal. Here the transition is: TRUE ===> JUS; SECURE, SECURE or CRACK (with a pen) ===> SCRIPTUM.

39) "JUS STRICTUM" = Strict law. Could come from: "STRING TRUTH (STRENGTH)". Here the transition is: TRUE ===> JUS; Strict, Strictness ===> STRICTUM.

40) "JUSTA CAUSA" = Legal reason. Could come from: "TRUTH - LAW". Here the transition is: TRUE ===> JUSTA; LAW ===> CAUSA during the transition of Latin u-n (turned the letter) and permutation: ZKN ===> KNZ.

41) "JUS TALIONIS" = The right to equal retribution. Could come from: "TRUE, SHARE ("dollar", DIVISION)". Here the transition is: TRUE ===> JUS; SHARE, DOL (part) ===> TALIONIS at the transition of D-T. Until now they say: "in equal SHARE", repay the same, equally.

42) "JUS UTENDI ET ABUTENDI" = The right to use and use - the right to use the thing at one's discretion, i.e. ownership. Could come from: "TRUTH, PULL AND PULL (toward yourself)", that is, the one who pulls (pulls) something for himself, pulls to himself is right. Here the transition is: TRUE ===> JUS; PULL, PULL ===> UTENDI; And ===> ET; PULL (toward yourself) ===> ABUTENDI at the transition P-B.

43) "JUS VITAE AC NECIS" = The right to control life and death. Could come from: "TRUTH, BE (BEING), I WILL PUNISH". Here the transition is: TRUE ===> JUS; TO BE, BEING ===> VITAE at the transition of B-C; PUNISH ===> NECIS (see Dictionary above).

44) "LABOR EST ETIAM IPSE VOLUPTAS" = Labor in itself is a pleasure (Manilius). It could have come from: "ALABORIT (Old Russian WORK) EAT TOO, FOR YOURSELF, FALL IN LOVE". Here the transition is: ALABORIT ===> LABOR (see dictionary above); IS ===> EST; ALSO ===> ETIAM at the transition: Russian f ===> m Latin (see Dictionary above); TO YOURSELF, TO YOURSELF ===> IPSE during B-P transition and permutation; FALL IN LOVE ===> VOLUPTAS.

45) "LEGE NECESSITATIS" = By the law of necessity. Could come from: "STATE (Russian LZYA), NECESSITY". Here the transition is as follows: STATE (LZYA = possible, allowed, see dictionary above) ===> LEGE; NEED, need ===> NECESSITATIS.

46) "LEX FATI" = Law of destiny. It could come from: "FLYING (that is, STATE, it is possible, allowed, see Dictionary above) TO BE (BEING)". Here the transition is: LZYA ===> LEX; BE, BEING ===> FATI at the transition B-P-F.

47) "LEX LAESAE MAJESTATIS" = Lèse majesté law, in ancient Rome, damage to the dignity of the Roman people. It could come from: "LYA (CODE), FALSE, COURAGE (POWER)". Here the transition is: LZYA ===> LEX; FALSE (insult) ===> LAESAE; COURAGE (MULTIPLE, that is, majestic) ===> MAJESTATIS.

48) "LEX TALIONIS" = Law of Equal Retribution, i.e. a law based on the principle: an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. It could have come from: "LZYA (STATE, it is possible, allowed), SHARE (DOLNY)". Here the transition is: LZYA ===> LEX; SHARE, DOLNY ===> TALIONIS at the transition D-T. Until now they say: "in equal shares."

49) "LIBERUM VETO" = Free "forbid", free veto; the right to impose a sole ban on the decision of the legislative assembly. It could have come from: "I TAKE A WILL, NO". Here the transition is as follows: WILL I TAKE ===> LIBERUM; NO ===> VETO (see our Dictionary above).

50) "LUCIDUS ORDO" = Light order, clear and consistent presentation (Horace). Could come from: "BEAM (BEAM, radiate) ROW (order)". Here the transition is: BEAM ===> LUCIDUS; ROW ===> ORDO.

51) "LUX IN TENEBRIS" = Light in darkness. Could come from: "RAYS, I'LL SHADOW (SHADOW I TAKE)". Here the transition is: RAYS ===> LUX; SHADOW BROUGHT ===> TENEBRIS.

52) "LUX VERITAS" = Light of truth. Could come from: "RAYS, BELIEVE", that is, the rays of faith, truth.

53) "MEDICE, CURA TE IPSEM" = Physician, heal thyself. Could come from: "THE MIGHTY (MAG), LOOK AT YOURSELF". Here the transition is: MAY, power, MAG, magic ===> MEDICE (see Dictionary above); ZRI ===> CURA at the transition: Russian З ===> C Latin; YOU ===> TE; TO YOURSELF ===> IPSEM at B-P transition and reverse reading. Or the Latin CURA came here from the old Russian CHURA = to fool, protect from evil. In this case, it turns out: "THE MIGHTY (MAG) CHURI YOURSELF".

54) "MEDICUS CURAT, NATURA SANAT" = The doctor heals, nature heals. Could come from: "THE MIGHTY (MAG) SEE, I WILL MAKE (CREATION), SLEEP". Here the transition is: MIGHTY (MAG) ===> MEDICUS; REVEAL ===> CURAT; I MAKE, CREATION ===> NATURA; SLEEP ===> SANAT (healing properties of sleep). Or the Latin CURA comes from the old Russian CHURA = to protect. In this case, it turns out: "THE MAGIC CHURTS, KNOWS THE KNOW".

55) "MEL IN ORE, VERBA LACTIS, FEL IN CORDE, FRAUS IN FACTIS" = Honey on the tongue, milk on the lips, gall in the heart, deceit in action. It could have come from: "MED SHOUT, I SOLVE (to repeat), LAP, YELLOW, HEART, LIE TO WRITE." Here the transition is as follows: MED ===> MEL with the transition D-T and confusion of Latin t-l; ORU ===> ORE; SOLID ===> VERBA (see Dictionary above); YELLOW ===> FEL on F-F transition; HEART ===> CORDE at the transition: Russian C ===> C Latin; LIE ===> FRAUS at the transition of V-F and Sh-S; WRITE ===> FACTUS (?).

A significant part of the vocabulary of the Russian language is made up of Latinisms. Latin vocabulary penetrated the Russian language for many centuries: in the ancient period, especially after the adoption of Christianity, through Greek-Byzantine mediation, and with the development of enlightenment in the 16th century. it also appears in the Church Slavonic language, which served as a literary language. The purpose of the study of this article is to trace some borrowings from the Latin language, analyze their etymology and indicate the semantic meaning in modern Russian. Being the state language of the Roman Empire, which occupied by the III century. AD vast territory, the Latin language was the only language of culture in its western part. It retained this meaning even after the fall of the Roman Empire. Until the XII - XIII centuries. Latin in many European countries remained the language of literature and art, as well as the language of science, religion and official papers. Until the 17th century, diplomatic correspondence was conducted in Latin, legal documents were drawn up. The famous Code of Civil Law, compiled in the 7th century by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian, played a big role in the formation of modern legal terms. Its simplicity and clarity allowed him to firmly establish himself in the countries of Europe. Most of the terms of the Code have survived to this day: justice (justitia, ae f - justice, legality), prosecutor (procurāre - take care), lawyer (advocāre - support, help), appeal (apellatio, onis f - appeal, complaint), etc. Until the 18th century, Latin was the language of science: students of the first European universities studied in it, scientists and philosophers wrote their works, and dissertations were defended. It was through the educational system that the existing cultural, social and tribal traditions were consolidated and maintained. Therefore, both scientific and administrative hierarchy were created in higher educational institutions for greater efficiency of their work. All names of different levels currently used in the hierarchical ladder are borrowed from Latin and ancient Greek. University (universitas, atis f) means - integrity, totality, association; faculty goes back to the Latin noun facultas, atis f - opportunity, ability; dean (decanus, i m) comes from military terminology - foreman, commander of a squad of ten people; professor (professor, oris m) - a public teacher, mentor, etc. Modern students know that it is customary to respectfully call the university Alma mater, which means "mother that nourishes knowledge"; that the anthem, which is performed at the ceremony of initiation into students, is called "Gaudeamus" - "Let's rejoice", "Let's have fun." And that in the abstract, when it is necessary to pay attention to key points, the “NB!” sign is put in the margins. - Nota Bene!, literally meaning "Notice well!". Latinisms, along with words that came from the Greek language, form the basis of scientific terminology in any field of knowledge. So, in technology, we are dealing with tools (instrumentum, i n - tool), motors (motor, oris m - setting in motion), devices (apparatus, us m - equipment, equipment), structures (constructio, onis f - compilation, building,); in a chemical laboratory - with chemical elements (elementum, i n - primary matter), experiment (experimentum, i n - sample, experience), reaction (reactio - re- against + actio, onis f - action), diffusion (diffusio, onis f - distribution, spreading); in mathematics - with the concepts of sum (summa, ae f - total), minus (minus - less), plus (plus - more), percentage (pro centum - a hundred), sine (sinus, us m - bend, curvature) and cosine (co - c, together + sinus), as well as the names of geometric shapes: square (quadratus, i m - square), oval (ovum, i n - egg), etc. It is simply impossible to overestimate the importance of the Latin language. To this day, Latin occupies a huge place in biology and medicine. It is impossible to imagine the educational process in medical schools without knowledge of Latin in anatomy and histology classes, professional terminology in clinical subjects. One of the most extensive areas of application of borrowings from the Latin language are names. Names of Greco-Roman origin came to Russia at the end of the 10th century along with a new religion - Christianity. From that moment on, borrowed names began to actively replace the Old Slavic ones. Names are largely a reflection of the centuries-old culture of the ancient world. Many of them are epithets for proper names of Roman gods. So, Margarita, translated from Latin “pearl, pearl” (margarita, ae f), goes back to the epithet of the goddess Venus, who is the patroness of sailors. The name Marina is also associated with the epithet of this goddess. "marine" (marinus, a, um). The names Victoria and Victor are associated with the Roman goddess of Victory (Victoria). The novel is translated "Roman" from the adjective romanus, Maxim - "the greatest" from maximus, a um, Constantine means "constant" - from constans, antis, (in mathematics there is the concept of "constant", denoting a constant unchanging value). The root names Vitaly and Vitalina go back to the Latin noun vita, ae, f - life and are translated as "full of vitality", hence "vitamins" - substances necessary for life. The name Sergei refers to the Roman generic name Sergius, which probably means "highly venerated, high." And this is a meager (miser, era, erum - poor, meager) number of examples of names that came from Latin. Another example of borrowings from the Latin language are the names of the months. Even in ancient Rome, a solar calendar was developed, consisting of names associated with Roman gods, emperors, and just numbers. It was taken as a basis, and subsequently replaced the Old Slavic calendar, most likely for religious reasons. The very word "calendar" - calendarium, i n is Latin and in ancient times denoted the first day of each month (Calendae, arum f). For the Romans, the year began not in January, as it is now, but in March. The origin of the name of the first spring month of March is associated with the name of the Roman god of war - Mars, who was considered the father of Romulus, the legendary founder and first king of Rome. It was in this month, with the onset of heat, that the Romans began military campaigns. Similarly, May and June are named after the Roman goddesses Maia and Juno, and January is named after Janus, the Roman god of all beginnings. April is from the Latin aprilis - opening, originates from the verb aperīre - to open, and February - from Februa, orum n - a holiday of purification. Another example are the names of the months July and August, named respectively after the emperor Julius Caesar and his successor, the emperor Augustus. September, October, November and December are associated with numbering: September - septem - the seventh, October octo - the eighth, November - novem - the ninth, December - decem - the tenth. In astronomy, the names of the ancient Roman gods are fixed in the names of two planets with Latin roots. The first planet from the sun, Mercury is named after the Roman god of commerce. The Latin root "merc" means "associated with trade and profit" (mercatus, us m - market, mercator, oris m - merchant, merces, edis f - fee). The next planet Venus, which is often called the evening or morning star, is named after the goddess of love and beauty. The Romans revered this goddess so much that the participle veneratus, a, um and the adjective venerabilis, e meant "honored, respected." In medicine, the terms venereology are associated with this goddess - venerologia (venus, eris f - love, love pleasure from Venus Venus, goddess of love + logos doctrine), i.e. the science of venereal diseases and their treatment and venerophobia - venerophobia (venus,eris f + -phobia fear) - an obsessive fear of contracting a venereal disease. Latin roots turned out to be very tenacious, and continue to be used to denote new concepts and inventions that did not exist in antiquity. Thanks to Latin, well-known words appeared. For example, a bicycle (vēlōx, ocis fast + res, pedis m leg, foot), literally "fast-footed". The Latin verb computāre (count, count, calculate), as well as the cognates computatio, onis f (count, calculation) and computator, oris m (counting, counting) clearly indicate the language thanks to which the word “computer” itself arose. Monitor - a device for visually displaying information on the screen - comes from monitor, oris m - one who reminds, adviser, overseer and monēre - remind, pay attention. In conclusion, I would like to note that Latin is found everywhere in the Russian language and the range of borrowed words is quite large. We would like to refute one common misconception that Latin is a dead language and no one speaks it. Yes, for a long time there has been no people for whom the Latin language would be native. And yet, paradoxically, it is spoken by many - including each of us.

in Russia until the 18th century. Church Slavonic and (to a lesser extent) Greek were used as a source of terminology; however, starting from the time of Peter I, an increased penetration of Latin vocabulary into the Russian language began, to a lesser extent directly, to a greater extent through the new European languages. It should be noted, however, that in the Old Russian language itself there are several very early borrowings from Latin, partly directly, partly through Greek ("bath", "ward", "mint", "cherry").

There are many words of Latin origin in Russian, for example: author, lawyer, act, action, outpatient clinic, author, certificate, audience, dictation, director, doctor, associate professor, exam, effect, empire, institute, instrument, commission, compromise, summary , constitution, conference, culture, laboratory, line, literature, minus, notary, object, plus, position, progress, professor, process, rector, republic, sanatorium, soloist, student, university, faculty, federation, final and many others.

The Latin language still remains a source of education for scientific and technical terminology.

Latin and English

Latin vocabulary had a significant impact on English through French as a result of the conquest of England in the 11th century by the French Normans (Normans). Many borrowings were made into English during the Renaissance and directly from Latin.

60% of words in English have Latin roots. Knowing the main Latin roots and their meaning, you can significantly expand your vocabulary, and not only in English. You can also guess the meaning of the word in other languages ​​- Latin roots for the most part will be the same everywhere.

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Another example is with a group of cognates. As you know, the Latin root ped- means foot.

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Below is a group of English words that have a common Latin root, as well as the meaning of this root.

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