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Who are the current sergeants? What does their training look like? Having visited the RVVDKU, I received an answer to these questions, communicating with teachers and cadets for two days, observing their life and studies. In this part, we will talk about contract cadets studying sergeant business for 2 years and 10 months, the so-called. professional sergeants.

Faculty of Secondary Vocational Education of the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School (Military Institute) named after General of the Army V.F. Margelov (branch) of the Federal State Military Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Ground Forces" Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation "in Ryazan was established in accordance with the directive of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation dated December 31, 2008 No. D-112 and on the basis of the staff approved by the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation - First Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation dated September 25, 2009 No. 17\269.

At the faculty, cadets are trained in the following specialties:
Specialty "Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles" qualification "technician", in nine military specialties:
- combined-arms specialists intended to fill military positions, deputy commander of a motorized rifle platoon (rifle platoon, security platoon).
- specialists of paratrooper units intended to fill military positions - deputy commander of a paratrooper platoon;
- specialists of the airborne service, intended to fill the vacant position of deputy commander (squad leader) of an airborne support platoon.
- military intelligence specialists intended to fill the vacant position of deputy commander of a reconnaissance platoon.
- intelligence specialists (special-purpose military units) intended to fill the vacant post of group commander.
- combined-arms specialists intended to fill military positions; commander of a repair platoon; deputy commander of a repair platoon; commander of an automobile platoon, a support platoon.

Specialty "Communication networks and switching systems" qualification "technician"
- communications specialists intended to fill the vacant position of a senior technician.
The term of study is 2 years and 10 months.
Specialty "Multichannel telecommunication systems" qualification "technician"
- communication specialists intended to fill the vacant position of the head of the station, head of the department, senior technician.
The term of study is 2 years and 10 months.
Specialty "Radio communication, radio broadcasting and television" qualification "technician"
- communication specialists intended to fill the vacant position of deputy platoon commander.
The term of study is 2 years and 10 months.

Total for studying at the faculty of secondary vocational education in 2009-2010. 448 people have been enrolled, 343 people are left to serve at the moment.
Several hundred people were weeded out before admission, because. did not show a desire to study, but simply hoped to receive 10-20 thousand scholarships, eat for free and have a roof over their heads. There is a poor work of the military registration and enlistment offices and the command of the units in the selection of candidates.
During the training, another 105 people dropped out for the following reasons:
Cadets who passed the entrance examinations with a "satisfactory" grade receive a salary of 7,000 rubles, this amount does not satisfy them;
While serving (by conscription or under contract) in other troops, there were no strict requirements for service, and upon admission for training, they faced exactingness, the need to comply with the established rules of conduct, and fulfill the prescribed norms of military service;
They made a mistake in choosing a future profession, they realized that military service was not their vocation;
Close relatives and family members are not satisfied with the choice made, they do not agree that the training takes place in isolation from families.
Initially, three students received 7,000 rubles each, but at the moment the situation with payments with all the allowances looks like this:
if there is at least one triple in any of the subjects - 10 thousand;
if there is at least one four in any of the subjects - 15 thousand;
if all the scores of the five are 20 thousand.
Doubles are simply deducted. The teachers are very supportive of this decision, because no need to pull out frank clumsiness and loafers.

The training program is as follows:

At the end of the training, the final state certification of graduates is carried out:
1. Final interdisciplinary exam in the specialty
- General tactics
- Species tactics
- Management and communications
- Engineering support
- RHB protection
- Military topography
2. State exam in the discipline "Physical culture (training)"

The time schedule looks like this:
... after the morning activities (getting up, exercising, washing, examining, breakfast, exercise) the l / s of the FSF cadets departs for scheduled classes. From 9.00 to 14.00, in accordance with the schedule of classes, the cadets are in the classroom. After scheduled classes and lunch, they are given time to independently prepare for classes the next day. After the completion of self-training from 18.40 to 19.20, planned activities are carried out with the cadets: sports work and educational work.
After completing self-training and conducting compulsory events from 19.30, cadets are given personal time with the right to leave the territory of the faculty (departure to the city).
Since all cadets of the faculty of secondary vocational education are military personnel undergoing military service under a contract, they, in accordance with Art. 244 of the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, it is allowed to stay outside the school until 24:00, and family cadets (whose families live with them) until 07:30 the next day.
The control of the l / s of the faculty departing outside the territory is carried out by the unit commander, the officer who controls the daily routine and the company on duty.

At the moment, cadets of the first (193 people) and second year (150 people) are studying. We can confidently say that only those who really want to study and serve as a sergeant remained, the rest were eliminated, for example, now 43 cadets are excellent students, 128 are studying for four and five, the rest have a range of grades from "3" to "5". I talked to the guys why they decided to become sergeants. Many are motivated by a good salary and a social package promised upon admission, which is added to the desire to be a military man. There is a part of the cadets who were unsure that they would be able to study under the higher education program for an officer, so they chose something simpler - an average professional sergeant. The contract is signed immediately for 8 years - 2 years and 10 months of training, then 5 years in the army. Recently, an order was issued according to which a cadet who refused further studies of his own free will must return to the state the money spent on his education, until that moment it was possible to quit without any consequences.
Cadets-sergeants and cadets-officers undergo training in the troops directly at the school, commanding platoons of cadets-three-month military service.
The guys' vision of their future is very interesting: "We are the sergeants of the new army! We are the best! We will change the armed forces! We will train soldiers in a new way!" Moreover, they say this without any bragging, but as a matter of course.

Let's move on to photos and videos. On the day of my arrival, there were supposed to be parachute jumps near the SPO faculty. During the year of training, future sergeants make four jumps, and the fourth one is mandatory from the IL-76.

Every now and then the snow fell off, so the flight was postponed and postponed. In order not to stand on their feet, the cadets gave rest to their feet.

I photographed one of the paratroopers in a circle

Sling cutter

This is a mechanical safety device designed to open the parachute after a predetermined time interval (using a clock mechanism) if the parachutist for some reason did not do this on his own.

Shoes for jumping were chosen in a clearly democratic way - some in felt boots, some in high fur boots, some in sneakers

When the sky cleared a little and the snow stopped, several people got into the An-2 for a test jump

First - go!

The next group is getting ready.

Instructor

Equipment inspection

As you can see, the gloves are quite a free sample

School emblem

Unfortunately, as soon as the An-2 landed behind the second set, it began to snow again and the jumps were finally canceled that day.

These photos and videos were taken during class.

One of the teachers. At the moment, 60% of the teaching staff of the school is out of state, awaiting either appointment or dismissal, while the prospects are not very clear. The school needs to reach a full set of three-year sergeants (according to the plan, 1615 people) in order to retain all the teachers, but so far there are not so many candidates. A real solution to the problem can be achieved only next year, when the salaries of servicemen will be increased, and service in the army will regain its former prestige.

Parachute packing

RECEPTION RULES

to the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command Order of Suvorov twice Red Banner School

named after Army General V.F. Margelov in 2017

1. These Rules regulate the admission of citizens of the Russian Federation to the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command Order of Suvorov twice Red Banner School named after General of the Army V.F. Margelov for training in the main educational programs of higher and secondary vocational education in accordance with a license for the right to carry out educational activities.

2. Admission to the RVVDKU for the first year is held on a competitive basis from July 1. For training at the school, citizens are accepted who are fit for health reasons to serve in the Airborne Forces:

Those who have completed and are undergoing military service by conscription under the age of 24;

Military personnel under the contract - up to 27 years;

Those who have not completed military service - up to 22 years;

Under programs with secondary military special training - up to 30 years.

The school is designed to fulfill the state personnel order for the training of highly qualified specialists withhigher education in the specialty :

« Personnel management (Armed Forces, other troops, military formations and equivalent bodies of the Russian Federation)”, qualification - specialist. Unified State Examination: Mathematics (profile), Russian language, social studies (boys)

Military specialties :

"The use of units of the Airborne Troops (mountain)";

"Translation and translation studies", qualification - specialist. (boys)

military specialty : "The use of special intelligence units"; specialization "Linguistic support of military activities". USE: foreign language (English, German, French), Russian language, history.

« ”, qualification - specialist. (boys and girls)

Military specialty: “Application of communications units of the Airborne Forces” USE: mathematics (profile), Russian language, physics.

The term of study in all specialties is 5 years . Graduates receive a diploma of a specialist, they are awarded the first military rank "Lieutenant ».

Training programs for mid-level specialists.

Since December 2009, the school has been training cadets to fill the positions of sergeants (foremen) for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the following specialties:

« ", qualification "technician ". (boys)

- group leader;

- deputy commander of an airborne platoon;

« Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles ", qualification "technician » for military automobile inspection. (boys)

For military specialties:

- group leader;

- deputy commander of a repair platoon, commander of an automobile platoon, commander of a support platoon.

« Communication networks and switching systems”, qualification “technician ". (boys)

For military specialties:

- senior technician.

« ”, qualification “technician”. (boys)

For military specialties:

« Radio communications, broadcasting and television ", qualification "technician ". (boys)

For military specialties:

Duration of study in all specialties2 years 10 months . Graduates receive a diploma of secondary vocational education, they are awarded the military rank "Ensign ».

3. Admission conditions for studies in higher education programs

1) assessment of the level of general education (according to the results of the USE):

« Personnel Management » MATHEMATICS, social studies, Russian.

« Translation and translation studies » FOREIGN LANGUAGE (ENGLISH, GERMAN), Russian language, history.

« Infocommunication technologies and special communication systems » PHYSICS, mathematics, Russian.

2) determination of fitness for health reasons;

3) assessment of the level of physical fitness;

4) determination of the category of professional suitability.

Admission conditions for studies in secondary education programs

For citizens with secondary (complete) general or primary vocational education, the conditions for admission to study in secondary education programs include:

1) determination of fitness for health reasons;

2) assessment of the level of physical fitness;

3) determination of the category of professional suitability.

4) without assessing the level of general education.

The procedure for submitting documents

4. Candidates with a secondary vocational education, as well as certain categories of candidates, can enroll for training based on the results of general education entrance examinations conducted by the university independently:

candidates from among persons receiving (received) secondary general education as part of the development of educational programs of secondary vocational education;

5. Applicant to the first year for training in specialist training programs has the right to submit an application for participation in the competition simultaneously in three areas of training.

Benefits for admission are determined by the legislative acts of the Russian Federation.

6. When applying for admission to a higher educational institution, the applicant shall submit:

Original or photocopy of documents proving his identity, citizenship;

Original or photocopy of a state document on education;

Information about the delivery of the exam.

The original documents are submitted before the beginning of the credentials committee, candidates who do not submit the original documents are not allowed to the credentials committee.

The minimum number of points for entrance examinations

Russian language - 36 points

Mathematics - 32 points

Physics - 36 points

History - 32 points

Social studies - 42 points

Foreign language - 30 points

Determination of fitness for health reasons

7. To successfully pass the medical examination at the school, you must have a medical examination card. In the card, have the conclusion of the military medical commission on suitability for admission to the RVVDKU.

For military personnel, a medical book is additionally provided, which reflects the results of annual in-depth and control examinations, requests for medical help.

Military personnel and citizens in the reserve who have benign skin formations (tattoos) with a criminal, nationalist or anti-Russian orientation, as well as profanity, are not allowed to enroll in the school.

8. Checking the level of physical fitness is carried out in accordance with the Physical Training Manual of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (minimum threshold):

on HPE :

young men :

Exercise number 4 - pull-ups on the crossbar (10 times).

Exercise No. 41 - 100 m run (13.9 sec.).

Exercise number 46 - running for 3 km. (12.25 min.).

girls :

Exercise number 1 - flexion and extension of the arms in the lying position (12 times).

Exercise No. 41 - 100 m run (17.2 sec.).

Exercise number 45 - running for 1 km. (4.27 min.).

Exercise No. 57 - Swimming 100m (3.45 min) (Subject to conditions).

on SPO:

boys:

Exercise number 4 - pull-ups on the crossbar (8 times).

Exercise No. 41 - 100 m run (14.4 sec.).

Exercise number 46 - running for 3 km. (14.00 min.).

Exercise No. 57 - Swimming 100m (2.24 min) (Subject to conditions).

One attempt is given to perform the physical exercise. Testing the physical fitness of candidates is carried out in sportswear.

The results of the physical fitness of candidates are entered in the competitive lists along with the results of passing the exam. For enrollment, a table is used to transfer the amount of points scored in physical training to a 100-point scale.

9. The definition of the category of professional suitability is carried out according to the main components: intellectual features; personal qualities; the level of military-professional motivation; speed characteristics of mental processes; sociological qualities.

10. Cadets who have not completed military service sign a contract from the second year. Cadets who are passing and have completed military service conclude a contract from the moment of admission. In case of expulsion due to unwillingness to study, indiscipline or poor progress, the payment for the military component of training is reimbursed.

11. Regulations on official time - in accordance with the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The accommodation of military personnel is in barracks and kubrick-type dormitories, depending on the course of study.

Meals for personnel are three times a day, in one shift, in the cadet canteen by the in-line method, according to the standards of the Airborne Forces.

Personnel are provided with clothing items in accordance with the supply standards of the Airborne Forces

Kit

to the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command

Order of Suvorov twice Red Banner School

named after Army General V.F. Margelov,

2017

DEAR APPLICANTS!

Specialties of training in higher education programs

The school is designed to fulfill the state personnel order for the training of highly qualified specialists with higher education in the following specialties:

in the interests of the Airborne Troops :

"Personnel management (Armed forces, other troops, military formations and equivalent bodies of the Russian Federation)", qualification - specialist. USE: MATHEMATICS (profile, minimum threshold - 32), Russian language (36), social studies (42). (boys)

Military specialties:

"The use of military intelligence units of the Airborne Troops";

"The use of units of the Airborne Troops";

"Use of airborne support units";

"The use of units of the Marine Corps";

"The use of units of the Airborne Troops (mountain)".

"Infocommunication technologies and special communication systems", specialist. USE: MATHEMATICS (profile - 32), physics (36), Russian language (36). (boys and girls)

Military Specialty:

"The use of communications units of the Airborne Forces";

"The use of units and the operation of an automated control system for the tactical level of the Airborne Troops."

In the interests of the Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for specialties :

"Personnel management (Armed forces, other troops, military formations and equivalent bodies of the Russian Federation)", specialist. USE: MATHEMATICS (profile - 32), Russian language (36), social studies (42). (boys)

Military Specialty:

"The use of special units".

"Translation and translation studies", specialist. USE: FOREIGN LANGUAGE (30), Russian language (36), history (32). (boys)

Military Specialty:

"The use of special intelligence units";

"The use of special intelligence units (with the study of parachute systems Arbalet-2)"

The term of study in all specialties is 5 years. Graduates receive a diploma of a specialist, they are awarded the first military rank of "Lieutenant".

After completing the first year, students conclude a contract with the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation for the period of study at the school and for 5 years of service after graduation.

The professional selection of candidates for training is carried out by the selection committee of the school from July 1 and includes:

Determining the category of professional suitability;

Assessment of the level of general education (according to the results of the USE).

Specialties of training under the programs of secondary vocational education

Since December 2009, the school has been training mid-level specialists (without exams in general education subjects) for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the following specialties:

« Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles ”, qualification - technician. (boys)

For military specialties:

- group leader;

- deputy commander of an airborne support platoon;

- deputy commander of a repair platoon, commander of an automobile platoon, commander of a support platoon.

« Communication networks and switching systems ", tech. (boys)

For military specialties:

- senior technician.

« Multichannel telecommunication systems ", tech. (boys)

For military specialties:

- station manager, department head, senior technician.

"Radio communication, broadcasting and television" technician. (boys)

For military specialties:

- deputy platoon leader.

Admission without the Unified State Examination and without assessing the level of general education.

The term of study in all specialties is 2 years 10 months. Upon completion of training, a diploma of an all-Russian sample of secondary vocational education is issued with the assignment of the military rank of Ensign to.

The professional selection of candidates for study at the faculty of secondary vocational education is carried out by the admission committee of the school from July 1 and includes:

Determination of fitness for health reasons;

Assessment of the level of physical fitness;

Determination of the category of professional suitability.

After graduation, graduates receive guaranteed employment in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and a decent salary.

EXTRABUDGETARY FACULTY

Federal State State Military Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School named after General of the Army V.F. Margelov"

License:

License: reg. No. 1827 Series 90L01 No. 0008851 dated 12/17/2015

Accreditation:

Certificate of state Accreditations: reg. No. 1818 Series 90L01 No. 0001911 from 04/07/2016 to 05/08/2021

Extrabudgetary Faculty of Communications and Road Transport

Announces admission for higher professional education in the areas of training:

03/23/03 "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes ».

Training profile "Automobiles and automotive industry".

38.03.03 "Personnel Management ».

Profile of training "Personnel management of organizations"

Graduate qualification - bachelor. Training period - 4 years

1. List of entrance examinations.

Admission to the first year for studying undergraduate programs at the Faculty is carried out: based on the results of the unified state exam (hereinafter referred to as the USE) in general education subjects corresponding to the field of study (specialty) for which admission is carried out, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field education, - persons with secondary (complete) general or secondary vocational education.

Russian language, mathematics, physics.

Russian language, mathematics, social studies.

2. List and information on the forms of conducting entrance examinations for persons with higher professional education.

Citizens with higher professional education entering the School for a second higher professional education are interviewed in the following disciplines for training areas:

Profile of training "Automobiles and automotive industry":

Russian language (test);

mathematics (test);

physics (test).

Training profile "Personnel management of organizations":

Russian language (test);

mathematics (test);

social studies (tickets).

3. List and information on the forms of conducting entrance examinations for persons with specialized secondary vocational education

Citizens with specialized secondary vocational education entering the School for higher vocational education under an abbreviated program are interviewed in the following disciplines for training areas:

23.03.03 "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes".

Profile of training "Automobiles and automotive industry":

Russian language (test);

mathematics (test);

physics (test).

38.03.03 "Personnel management".

Training profile "Personnel management of organizations":

Russian language (test;

mathematics (test);

social science (test).

All entrance examinations are conducted in Russian.

4. Information on the timing of the USE for passing the USE by persons who do not have the results of the USE.

For persons who do not have a USE certificate, the place of passing the USE is determined by the education department at the place of registration.

5. Establish tuition fees for the main educational programs of higher professional education at the extrabudgetary faculty of communications and road transport for the 2016/17 academic year.

For students of the 1st year of full-time education for the direction of preparation of higher professional education "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes" based on the base rate of 72,000 rubles per year of study; for the direction of preparation of higher education "Personnel Management" based on the base rate of 68,000 rubles per year of study.

For students of the 1st year of correspondence (correspondence abbreviated) form of education for the direction of preparation of higher professional education "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes" - 30,000 rubles per year; for the direction of preparation of higher education "Personnel Management" - 28,000 rubles per year.

(Order dated July 06, 2016 No. 1279 “On establishing the amount of the cost of educational services provided by the school for the 2016/17 academic year”)

One of the most prestigious military colleges in Russia today is the Ryazan Airborne School. In November 2018, it will celebrate its centenary, it was originally formed as the Ryazan Infantry Courses. Over the entire period of its existence, the school has produced several hundred thousand first-class military men who have defended and continue to defend the country for many years.

Ryazan Airborne Forces School and its history (1918-1947)

RVVDKU (formerly RIVDV) today bears the honorary name of General V.F. Margelov, who put a lot of effort into making this educational institution one of the best in the country. On November 13, 1918, the Ryazan Infantry School (that's what it was then called) opened its doors to the first students. Three years later, the institution became the owner of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee award for the courage and courage of its wards.

In August 1941, a decision was made to form a military parachute school on the basis of an existing educational institution evacuated to Kuibyshev. The school was engaged in the training of military personnel for the airborne troops, but few people knew about this, the uninitiated took it for an ordinary military unit.

In the fall of 1943, the school received an award - the Order of the Red Banner, which was awarded for the front-line successes of officers trained by the educational institution. In 1946-1947, the current college was located in the city of Frunze (now Bishkek), after which it returned to its rightful place - to Ryazan.

School history: post-war years

In 1958, the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union decided to reorganize the existing educational institution into the Higher Combined Arms Command School. The term of study was increased to four years, and the diplomas that graduates received became equivalent to any document on higher education. The preparation of students, however, remained at the highest level.

Who is taught by the school?

In addition to the school itself, there is a large training center, a parachute club and an aviation military transport squadron. Cadets live in barrack-type dormitories, and study in educational buildings, laboratories, complexes, and gyms. The school has its own shooting gallery, as well as a stadium with a sports town. Next to the institution is a consumer services complex.

RVVDKU (Ryazan) trains graduates in three specialties and two specializations at once, adhering to the state order, which is formed by the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. All programs are structured in such a way that the duration of study for each of them is five years. Girls are admitted to the school on a general basis.

Ryazan School of the Airborne Forces: faculties, departments

In total, there are three faculties in the educational institution: secondary vocational education - 8 (this is where you can get a secondary vocational education), further vocational education and a special faculty where military personnel from abroad are trained. The role of the leading units of the RVVDKU is performed by platoons, departments and companies. As of 2015, there are 19 departments on the territory of the school.

15 out of 19 departments are military, the remaining 4 are general professional (Russian and foreign languages, humanitarian and natural sciences, mathematical and natural sciences, general professional disciplines). The school employs experienced specialists, among them more than 20 doctors of sciences and more than 150 candidates.

Extrabudgetary faculty

The school also has a faculty of communications and road transport, where you can get an education on an extrabudgetary basis. It trains bachelors in the specialties "Automobiles and automotive economy" and "Personnel management of organizations." The training lasts four years, the student can receive education in full-time and part-time forms.

For admission to the first specialty, it is necessary to pass the Unified State Examination in Russian language, mathematics and physics, and for the second - in Russian language, mathematics and social science. for each discipline, it is recommended to check with the school itself, since it may vary. The cost of annual training in both specialties has not changed since 2013. As of June 2015, it is 64 thousand rubles for the full-time department and 28 thousand for the part-time department.

Educational process

RVVDKU (Ryazan) differs from all other military schools in that the educational process is built here in a completely different way. The training is organized in such a way that all students receive not only theoretical, but also practical skills, and quite often this happens within the same lesson. There is practically no division into lecture and practical courses.

The duration of training is 5 years for cadets, and those who want to become officers will have to study a little longer - 5 years and 10 months. Cadets study for 10 semesters, at the end of each of them it is necessary to pass tests and exams, this is similar to an examination session in civil higher educational institutions.

Theoretical classes include attending lectures, writing laboratory and test papers, and attending extracurricular consultations. Practical work includes internships, group sessions and exercises. Starting from the second year, all cadets must defend term papers on topics agreed in advance with the supervisor.

For all five years of training, cadets spend more than 12 months on field trips. Every year, cadets go on a thirty-day vacation in the summer and a fourteen-day vacation in the winter. Those cadets who graduated with honors get an advantage in choosing the place where they will serve, according to the existing order.

Who can become a cadet of the school?

Admission to the Ryazan Airborne School begins annually on the first of July. Young people are subject to quite serious requirements for health reasons. Cadets can be those who have not served, if they are not yet 22 years old, as well as those who are now serving on a conscription or contract basis (up to 25 years). Even those who previously served in the army are allowed to enroll, provided that they are not yet 24 years old.

All potential cadets are required to undergo a medical examination and submit relevant documents to the selection committee. Active military personnel must attach a medical book to the card. It should be noted that applicants with criminal, anti-Russian, nationalist and obscene tattoos are not admitted to the school, these are its internal rules.

To enter the Ryazan Airborne Forces School, you must provide photocopies or original documents proving your identity and education, as well as certificates of passing the exam. Candidates for cadets who already have a secondary education can enter after internal examinations, which the school organizes on its own.

Admission conditions: USE

All potential students of the RVVDKU school (Ryazan) who plan to study under higher education programs go through an assessment of general educational skills, which is carried out based on the results of the USE. For admission to the specialty "Personnel Management" it is necessary to provide certificates of passing exams in mathematics (passing score - 27), social science (42 points) and Russian language (36 points).

To study the specialty "Translation and Translation Studies" it is necessary to pass a foreign language (passing score - 22), Russian (36 points) and history (32 points). For the specialty "Infocommunication Technologies" you will need to pass physics (passing score - 36), mathematics (27 points) and Russian language (36 points).

Those who plan to study under the secondary education program may not provide USE certificates, the decision on enrollment will be made by the selection committee, based on other parameters. We are talking about fitness for health reasons and assessing the physical training of a future cadet, and they will also be helped to determine the category of professional suitability without conducting any exams.

Admission conditions: physical training

The Ryazan Military School of the Airborne Forces has a special status, and all its cadets must have excellent physical fitness. That is why applicants are required to go through a physical fitness test, this applies to both boys and girls. If an applicant is going to get a higher professional education, he will have to pass pull-ups, running and swimming (if conditions allow).

If the applicant plans to receive a secondary vocational education, the exercises are the same, but the standards for enrollment in this case are slightly higher. Only one chance is given to perform a physical exercise, the results are entered into the competitive list along with the data from the USE certificates. Based on them, a decision on enrollment is formed.

Admission to the Ryazan Airborne Forces School requires the applicant to be in good physical shape, so it is best to start preparing in advance. The presence of diplomas, certificates, as well as awards in the field of sports disciplines is welcome, but this does not give priority in admission.

Educational and methodical work

The Ryazan Airborne Forces School is famous for its teachers, all of them have vast service experience, about 150 of them were participants in the hostilities in Afghanistan, South Ossetia, and the North Caucasus. Thanks to this, all cadets receive the most necessary skills for further military service. Among other things, teachers constantly conduct methodical work with their students, aimed at improving the quality of education.

Beginning teachers here can also get the skills necessary to work with cadets, the “School of Pedagogical Excellence” has been opened especially for them, the training period of which is two years. Methodological experiments are periodically organized at the school, as a result of which the latest teaching methods in military educational institutions are developed.

Oath

The oath at the Ryazan Airborne Forces School takes place in early September; parents and friends of freshmen usually come to this solemn event. The management of the school congratulates all students.

According to the existing tradition, the oath always ends with a solemn march and demonstration performances in which officers and cadets take part. Parents can ask all their questions to the head of the school, as well as teachers who are always present at the oath of freshmen.

How to get there?

The educational institution has a favorable location and is located near the railway station Ryazan-1. The address of the Ryazan Airborne Forces School - pl. General of the Army V. F. Margelov, 1. To get from the station to the school, you need to take bus number 5 "Railway station - Turlatovo platform", then get to the stop "Library named after M. Gorky", and from there go on Seminarskaya street about 500 meters.

From the railway station Ryazan-2 to the school can be reached using a fixed-route taxi No. 57 "Novoselov 60 - pos. Bozhatkovo”, you need to sit down at the stop “Mikhailovskoye Highway”, and get off at the stop “Library named after M. Gorky”. The fare is 16 rubles.

The school is located in several buildings, access to some of them is limited, so it is not so easy to find a photo of the RVVDKU and its interior. However, everyone can attend the solemn ceremony of the oath, as well as open days to feel the military spirit of the educational institution.

RECEPTION RULES

to the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command Order of Suvorov twice Red Banner School

named after Army General V.F. Margelov in 2017

Those who have completed and are undergoing military service by conscription under the age of 24;

Military personnel under the contract - up to 27 years;

Those who have not completed military service - up to 22 years;

Under programs with secondary military special training - up to 30 years.

The school is designed to fulfill the state personnel order for the training of highly qualified specialists withhigher education in the specialty :

Military specialties :

"The use of units of the Airborne Troops (mountain)";

"Translation and translation studies", qualification - specialist. (boys)

« ”, qualification - specialist. (boys and girls)

Military specialty: “Application of communications units of the Airborne Forces” USE: mathematics (profile), Russian language, physics.

The term of study in all specialties is 5 years . Graduates receive a diploma of a specialist, they are awarded the first military rank "Lieutenant ».

Training programs for mid-level specialists.

Since December 2009, the school has been training cadets to fill the positions of sergeants (foremen) for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the following specialties:

« ", qualification "technician ". (boys)

- group leader;

- deputy commander of an airborne platoon;

« Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles ", qualification "technician » for military automobile inspection. (boys)

For military specialties:

- group leader;

- deputy commander of a repair platoon, commander of an automobile platoon, commander of a support platoon.

« Communication networks and switching systems”, qualification “technician ". (boys)

For military specialties:

- senior technician.

« ”, qualification “technician”. (boys)

For military specialties:

« Radio communications, broadcasting and television ", qualification "technician ". (boys)

For military specialties:

Duration of study in all specialties2 years 10 months . Graduates receive a diploma of secondary vocational education, they are awarded the military rank "Ensign ».

3. Admission conditions for studies in higher education programs

1) assessment of the level of general education (according to the results of the USE):

« Personnel Management » MATHEMATICS, social studies, Russian.

« Translation and translation studies » FOREIGN LANGUAGE (ENGLISH, GERMAN), Russian language, history.

« Infocommunication technologies and special communication systems » PHYSICS, mathematics, Russian.

2) determination of fitness for health reasons;

3) assessment of the level of physical fitness;

4) determination of the category of professional suitability.

Admission conditions for studies in secondary education programs

For citizens with secondary (complete) general or primary vocational education, the conditions for admission to study in secondary education programs include:

1) determination of fitness for health reasons;

2) assessment of the level of physical fitness;

3) determination of the category of professional suitability.

4) without assessing the level of general education.

The procedure for submitting documents

candidates from among persons receiving (received) secondary general education as part of the development of educational programs of secondary vocational education;

5. Applicant to the first year for training in specialist training programs has the right to submit an application for participation in the competition simultaneously in three areas of training.

Benefits for admission are determined by the legislative acts of the Russian Federation.

6. When applying for admission to a higher educational institution, the applicant shall submit:

Original or photocopy of documents proving his identity, citizenship;

Original or photocopy of a state document on education;

Information about the delivery of the exam.

The original documents are submitted before the beginning of the credentials committee, candidates who do not submit the original documents are not allowed to the credentials committee.

The minimum number of points for entrance examinations

Russian language - 36 points

Mathematics - 32 points

Physics - 36 points

History - 32 points

Social studies - 42 points

Foreign language - 30 points

Determination of fitness for health reasons

For military personnel, a medical book is additionally provided, which reflects the results of annual in-depth and control examinations, requests for medical help.

8. Checking the level of physical fitness is carried out in accordance with the Physical Training Manual of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (minimum threshold):

on HPE :

young men :

Exercise number 4 - pull-ups on the crossbar (10 times).

Exercise No. 41 - 100 m run (13.9 sec.).

Exercise number 46 - running for 3 km. (12.25 min.).

girls :

Exercise number 1 - flexion and extension of the arms in the lying position (12 times).

Exercise No. 41 - 100 m run (17.2 sec.).

Exercise number 45 - running for 1 km. (4.27 min.).

Exercise No. 57 - Swimming 100m (3.45 min) (Subject to conditions).

on SPO:

boys:

Exercise number 4 - pull-ups on the crossbar (8 times).

Exercise No. 41 - 100 m run (14.4 sec.).

Exercise number 46 - running for 3 km. (14.00 min.).

Exercise No. 57 - Swimming 100m (2.24 min) (Subject to conditions).

One attempt is given to perform the physical exercise. Testing the physical fitness of candidates is carried out in sportswear.

Meals for personnel are three times a day, in one shift, in the cadet canteen by the in-line method, according to the standards of the Airborne Forces.

Personnel are provided with clothing items in accordance with the supply standards of the Airborne Forces

Kit

to the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command

Order of Suvorov twice Red Banner School

named after Army General V.F. Margelov,

2017

DEAR APPLICANTS!

Specialties of training in higher education programs

The school is designed to fulfill the state personnel order for the training of highly qualified specialists with higher education in the following specialties:

in the interests of the Airborne Troops :

Military specialties:

"The use of military intelligence units of the Airborne Troops";

"The use of units of the Airborne Troops";

"Use of airborne support units";

"The use of units of the Marine Corps";

"The use of units of the Airborne Troops (mountain)".

"Infocommunication technologies and special communication systems", specialist. USE: MATHEMATICS (profile - 32), physics (36), Russian language (36). (boys and girls)

Military Specialty:

"The use of communications units of the Airborne Forces";

"The use of units and the operation of an automated control system for the tactical level of the Airborne Troops."

In the interests of the Main Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for specialties :

Military Specialty:

"The use of special units".

"Translation and translation studies", specialist. USE: FOREIGN LANGUAGE (30), Russian language (36), history (32). (boys)

Military Specialty:

"The use of special intelligence units";

"The use of special intelligence units (with the study of parachute systems Arbalet-2)"

The term of study in all specialties is 5 years. Graduates receive a diploma of a specialist, they are awarded the first military rank of "Lieutenant".

After completing the first year, students conclude a contract with the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation for the period of study at the school and for 5 years of service after graduation.

The professional selection of candidates for training is carried out by the selection committee of the school from July 1 and includes:

Determining the category of professional suitability;

Assessment of the level of general education (according to the results of the USE).

Specialties of training under the programs of secondary vocational education

Since December 2009, the school has been training mid-level specialists (without exams in general education subjects) for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the following specialties:

« Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles ”, qualification - technician. (boys)

For military specialties:

- group leader;

- deputy commander of an airborne support platoon;

- deputy commander of a repair platoon, commander of an automobile platoon, commander of a support platoon.

« Communication networks and switching systems ", tech. (boys)

For military specialties:

- senior technician.

« Multichannel telecommunication systems ", tech. (boys)

For military specialties:

- station manager, department head, senior technician.

"Radio communication, broadcasting and television" technician. (boys)

For military specialties:

- deputy platoon leader.

Admission without the Unified State Examination and without assessing the level of general education.

The professional selection of candidates for study at the faculty of secondary vocational education is carried out by the admission committee of the school from July 1 and includes:

Determination of fitness for health reasons;

Assessment of the level of physical fitness;

Determination of the category of professional suitability.

After graduation, graduates receive guaranteed employment in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and a decent salary.

EXTRABUDGETARY FACULTY

Federal State State Military Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School named after General of the Army V.F. Margelov"

License:

License: reg. No. 1827 Series 90L01 No. 0008851 dated 12/17/2015

Accreditation:

Certificate of state Accreditations: reg. No. 1818 Series 90L01 No. 0001911 from 04/07/2016 to 05/08/2021

Extrabudgetary Faculty of Communications and Road Transport

Announces admission for higher professional education in the areas of training:

03/23/03 "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes ».

Training profile "Automobiles and automotive industry".

38.03.03 "Personnel Management ».

Profile of training "Personnel management of organizations"

Graduate qualification - bachelor. Training period - 4 years

1. List of entrance examinations.

Russian language, mathematics, physics.

Russian language, mathematics, social studies.

2. List and information on the forms of conducting entrance examinations for persons with higher professional education.

Citizens with higher professional education entering the School for a second higher professional education are interviewed in the following disciplines for training areas:

Profile of training "Automobiles and automotive industry":

Russian language (test);

mathematics (test);

physics (test).

Training profile "Personnel management of organizations":

Russian language (test);

mathematics (test);

social studies (tickets).

3. List and information on the forms of conducting entrance examinations for persons with specialized secondary vocational education

23.03.03 "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes".

Profile of training "Automobiles and automotive industry":

Russian language (test);

mathematics (test);

physics (test).

38.03.03 "Personnel management".

Training profile "Personnel management of organizations":

Russian language (test;

mathematics (test);

social science (test).

All entrance examinations are conducted in Russian.

4. Information on the timing of the USE for passing the USE by persons who do not have the results of the USE.

For persons who do not have a USE certificate, the place of passing the USE is determined by the education department at the place of registration.

5. Establish tuition fees for the main educational programs of higher professional education at the extrabudgetary faculty of communications and road transport for the 2016/17 academic year.

(Order dated July 06, 2016 No. 1279 “On establishing the amount of the cost of educational services provided by the school for the 2016/17 academic year”)

1.2 RUSSIAN MILITARY TRADITIONS IN AFRICA

1.2.1 FOREIGN LEGION

"He's in disturbing, deaf Morocco
Guarded foreign forts,
Blossomed, withered hopes.
But to despair - God forbid!"

Russians serving in the Legion in the pre-Soviet period

One of the most little-studied aspects of Russian life in the diaspora is the presence of Russian people from among the professional military who ended up in the ranks of the French Foreign Legion. The fact is that there are very few materials on this subject, and the little that we have belongs to the category of memoir literature. On the one hand, the current situation is partly due to the fact that this special military institution, for obvious reasons, strictly observes a certain regime of secrecy. On the other hand, people who ended up serving in the legion were not at all in the mood for writing. They were stern soldiers, devoted to orders and duty. But, nevertheless, we will try to make a complete picture, from the little material available.

The French Foreign Legion was created in 1831. After the Duke Louis-Philippe of Orleans was proclaimed king of France, the Belgian bar. de Begar, who was in the French service, came up with the idea of creating a special military unit, devoted to the mother country, but not connected by any ties with France itself, capable of performing tasks of any complexity and ensuring combat effectiveness at a high level. Legionnaires could become male foreigners aged 18 to 40 years. Legislation stipulated the use of the legion in hostilities only outside of France.

Information that our compatriots became soldiers of the Legion appeared at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. As the researchers write, “Russian citizens began to join the ranks of the legionnaires more and more often, as a rule, from among low-income labor migrants and settlers who rushed to the West for socio-economic, ethnic and confessional reasons. Most of them were recent residents of the western and southwestern provinces - Poles, Ukrainians, Jews, Germans". A particularly large influx of recruits to the Legion from Russia falls on the time after the revolutionary events of 1905-1907. At this time, many Russians from the central provinces appeared abroad. As a rule, these were people who belonged to poorly educated strata of society, so they experienced difficulties in mastering foreign languages and, as a result, it was problematic for them to get a decent job. It is not surprising that many young people from among Russian migrants agreed to conclude a contract and join the French Foreign Legion. "The loyal attitude of the tsarist government to such a practice was largely ensured by the Russian-French political alliance proclaimed at the end of the 19th century."

Among the well-known cases when Russian soldiers got into the service of this international army formation, one can point to the example of the famous Russian philosopher Nikolai Onufrievich Lossky. Back in pre-revolutionary times, he was in Algeria, even served for some time in the Foreign Legion.

The Foreign Legion was notorious. "In the old, pre-war time, the legion was replenished almost exclusively with criminals and vagabonds, with a small percentage of adventurers, bankrupts and other losers," wrote one of the former legionnaires. Ilya Ehrenburg, who lived in France during the First World War and tried in 1914. to join the French army, wrote in this regard: "The Foreign Legion before the war consisted of criminals of different tribes who changed their name and, after serving military service, became full citizens. Legionnaires were usually sent to the colonies to pacify the rebels. It is clear what morals reigned in the legion" . There were also Russians from among political emigrants, students, Jews who had left the Pale of Settlement, and others in the legion. As one of the sources regarding the presence of Russians in the Foreign Legion, documents found in the diplomatic archives of France can serve. At the Russian embassy in Paris before the revolution of 1917. the Russian charitable society operated, where our compatriots often applied, especially from among the recruits. Those in the legion were considered all passing the first five-year term of service.

In April 1911 from the city of Sidi Abbes, where the main base of the legion in North Africa was located, a petition was received to the Charitable Society in Paris. In it, a certain Mikhail Smolensky wrote: “In view of the upcoming great feast of Holy Pascha, I ask you most humbly to pay attention to your compatriot and give him the opportunity to at least somehow celebrate this holiday in a Christian way. Since I am currently in the Legion and receive only 5 centimes per day, which is not enough even for tobacco, then I hope that the charitable society will not disregard my request and will respond.

In another letter sent on August 1, 1911. from Zhebdu, on behalf of three Russian soldiers of the legion and signed on behalf of comrades by N. Bochkovsky, it was said: “A small handful of Russians ... cry out ... and ask for the following. Serving in the French army, where we ended up through our own fault, looking for happiness abroad, they found themselves in a situation in which they would never have found themselves in a worse situation at home.

We are literally standing in the desert, the boredom is terrible, and most importantly, you don’t know anything about what’s going on in your homeland, and there’s nothing to read at all.

Our salary consists of one sous a day, for which it is impossible to buy a cigarette, without which it is very difficult, not to mention other items such as soap, wax, needles, threads, and similar things necessary in soldier's everyday life.

No one from Russia can help, since the parents died and the thousand rubles left by them were left in France, and the finale is the Foreign Legion.

We bitterly repent of our rash act, but there is hope that, after finishing our service here, we will return to Russia and serve faithfully and faithfully to the Sovereign and the Motherland.

Now we implore, we tearfully implore ... help us with what we need and kindly send us newspapers or magazines in Russian or French.

From Taurirt, in December of the same year, Adrian Ivanovich Aseev, who signed himself "Truly Russian man", wrote: "Being in the French Foreign Legion and in the absence of either Russian books or Russians, I dare to turn to you if you find it possible to help me by sending no matter what Russian books or financial assistance for the purchase of this." The Ambassador of the Russian Imperial Government in Paris, in whose position at that time was A.P. Izvolsky, a Russian petitioner who was in the team of military musicians M.F. Pastushkov wrote from Sidi Bel Abbes asking for help in acquiring a violin and a self-instruction manual.

In December 1913 in the same place, at the main military base of the Legion in the Sahara Desert, the following letter was written: “Having got into military service in the legion in Algeria, it’s hard for me - also because I don’t know the language much. I’ll say briefly: I need a French-Russian and Russian dictionary French. I beg you to deliver them to me - I will be grateful to the grave. " And the signature: "Kaidansky... Spare soldier of the Russian army."

Another person, in January 1914. Commissary from the Legion due to poor health, asked for help, "because now it is very winter time - and in a summer suit, which they give in Africa, it is impossible to travel to Russia."

Likewise in 1914. one of the Russians asked to continue the interrupted deportation of the newspaper "Paris Vestnik" to him in Sidi Bel Abbes and further: "It remains for me to serve another 20 months; knowing spoken French and German, I would also like to study the theory of these languages, but without textbooks, I have the courage to ask you to send me ... ".

Russian military attache at the Russian Embassy in Paris Count A.A. Ignatiev, in his book "Fifty Years in the Line", reports that after the outbreak of the First World War, when mobilization was announced in France, Russian citizens liable for military service who ended up in this camp had to formalize their attitude to military service. Otherwise, according to the law, they were threatened with arrest and detention in a concentration camp. However, under the same French laws, foreigners could not serve in the regular French army. A huge crowd gathered near the Russian diplomatic mission. Colonel Ignatiev was forced to go out to the people. Here is how he further describes what happened: “The young brunette was especially distinguished by his loud voice and enormous growth, declaring his desire to be sent immediately to the front. I do not remember his last name, but I have not forgotten his tragic fate. Being enlisted, like most Russians , in the Foreign Legion, after the first weeks of the war, he became the head of his compatriots, who were indignant at the inhuman treatment of them by the French non-commissioned officers, accustomed to dealing only with those scum of society that the Foreign Legion was completed in peacetime ... The indignation of the Russian legionnaires , mostly intelligent people, who reigned in the legion ... resulted in a bloody riot against the command ... The massacre was cruel: the field court sentenced the rebels to be shot.

Russian regular officers in the service of the Legion

The active penetration of the Russians into the Foreign Legion occurs as a result of the evacuation of parts of the white army under the command of the bar. P.N. Wrangel. The French began to recruit emigrants who left the borders of our country from the very first days of the evacuation. In November 1920 gene. Peter Wrangel with his army crossed the Black Sea and arrived in Turkey. Participants of those events recalled the difficult situation in Istanbul - in the spring "all kinds of political agitators suddenly appeared - paid agents who were ready to promise everything they wanted to hear from them ... This situation was used ... and recruiting agents of the Foreign Legion .. . gathered a considerable harvest". As you can see, the first entries in the Foreign Legion were already in Turkish ports. An eyewitness of those days left a testimony: “Earlier than others, the French Foreign Legion entered the history of the Russian foreign army. No sooner had the Russian squadron with the troops of General P.N. Wrangel entered Constantinople and anchored in Maud Bay, recruiters to the legion appeared on the ships. Since that time, thousands of Russian officers, soldiers and Cossacks have spent many years of military suffering under the banner of the five regiments of the legion.The whole burden of the struggle against the Rifans and Berbers in North Africa fell on their lot ... ". The Russian military, who found themselves in a difficult financial and moral situation, were offered to continue their service so that their army experience would not remain unclaimed. It is known that many Russians even entered the service of Kemal Pasha Ataturk, who fought for an independent Turkey, this was written in the newspapers.

The allies who controlled Constantinople were afraid of the mass concentration of Russian units in Turkey itself, so most of the white emigrants were scattered on the Greek islands. It was here that Legion recruiters were persistent. Most of the Russian refugees accepted countries such as Bulgaria and Serbia, but for a long time the emigrants had to wait for their fate to be decided in the camps, where gloomy moods reigned. For example, the island of Lemnos alone gave a considerable harvest. From the Don Corps stationed there, more than 1,000 people entered the French service. True, subsequently the Cossacks were not successful in the Legion and most of them left for France.

A modern author writes about service in the Legion: “The opportunity to start a new life is much stronger than the adventures associated with it, attracts losers to the Legion ... Since the legion is called Foreign, French citizens are forbidden to join it ... In addition, recruits learn that they are no longer Poles, Australians, Germans or Japanese, but citizens of a country called the Foreign Legion, with its uncompromising code of honor, which, in particular, reads: "Every legionnaire, regardless of nationality, race or religion, is your brother in arms" .

Uncertainty, sad thoughts about the future of the abandoned fatherland, personal disorder - all this oppressed the Russian people. In refugee camps, Russian officers and soldiers sometimes reached despair. In order to just escape from the camp, many agreed to join the Legion. But not only these arguments should be recognized as decisive. In order to fully understand what was going on in the soul of emigrants, why they decided to take such a serious step, let me quote the words of one of the writers, whose work was revealed precisely in the conditions of the diaspora. E. Tarussky subtly noticed the peculiarities of national psychology and was a connoisseur of the depths of the Russian soul. In the 30s of the 20th century, he wrote: “The Russian officer was not afraid of hunger and cold. But he was afraid of poverty and the “bottom”. Hunger and cold in the ranks of the regiment, in trenches and campaigns did not frighten him, hunger and cold at the bottom, among human scum he was terrified." On the one hand, the Legion gave you the opportunity to arrange your life, the agents did not ask questions about the past and were not interested in personal life, but that's not all. Russian officers were attracted by such a side of service in the Legion as the opportunity to find themselves in a special psychological climate. The internal way, the military spirit that developed among the "soldiers of fortune" was close and understandable to Russian military traditions, when the relationship between officers and soldiers overcome bureaucratic formalism and the soldiers really make up a single family. In the Legion, "the authority of the officers was based not on origin, but on real combat experience. The officers shared with their subordinates all the hardships of field life, which is why a special spirit of military brotherhood arose in the Legion, so close to the Russian officers."

Nevertheless, for the sake of the objectivity of the picture, it is necessary to cite the testimonies of the legionnaires themselves, in order to fully understand the conditions and the environment in which our compatriots found themselves. One of them, Captain Arkhipov, wrote: "The attitude is so boorish that I barely have the strength to resist. The food is so bad that I even remember Gallipoli. A lot of Russians died in the last battles." In the diary entries of the Russian historian P.E. Kovalevsky, contains a remark that in December 1921. received a letter from a former acquaintance, "He is now in Morocco in the legion. Voluntary hard labor for five years. Poorly fed, living in barracks, treated like cattle, terrible climate, no contact with the outside world, begs to send a dictionary and newspapers."

The fact that a large number of Russian military men ended up in the service of the Legion was reflected in the moral climate, in the very spiritual appearance, in the atmosphere that reigned in the units. "The places of adventurers and life losers were taken by real warriors who sought only honor, even if under a foreign banner." These men, it is safe to say, did honor to the Legion. They became his most "disciplined and combat-ready and most valued part." "A significant part of the legionnaires remained in the legion up to 10-15 years, although the service in it lasted 5 years. The legion became their home, their life was in it."

An interesting testimony was left by one of the officers. In Russia, this man was a lieutenant colonel. France made him a corporal. So, having merged with the bulk of his colleagues, melted down in the flames of battles, becoming part of the Legion, he wrote: “We can safely say that, as a combat material, foreign regiments are the best in the French army. Both Algeria and Morocco were conquered mainly by the hands of foreigners ... Talking about the battles in which they participated, the legionnaires incredibly boast and lie. But they have every right to be proud of their unit, as the best unit of the French army." A certain share of this military pride, no doubt, belongs to Russian flesh and blood, and most importantly, to the spirit.

One of the former Russian legionnaires, summing up his service, wrote about those several thousand people who entered the French Foreign Legion, that they became its most "disciplined and combat-ready and most valued part ... The Russian legionnaires had to bear the burden of fighting Rifians, Kabils, Tuareg, Druzes and other rebellious tribes in the period 1925-1927 In the hot sands of Morocco, on the rocky ridges of Syria and Lebanon, in the stuffy gorges of Indochina, Russian bones are scattered everywhere.

Legion recruits began their new lives in boot camps in the searing, sandy desert. Descriptions of this area have been preserved. On the pages of the Russian emigrant press, compatriots shared their impressions: "The first stage in the" career "of each legionnaire is Sidi Bel Abbes, a city in the north-west of Algeria. This is the main training center of the Legion, or, in the words of the legionnaires themselves," the gates of hell ". From here there are only two ways: death from malaria, dysentery and other diseases that mow down legionnaires in Sidi Bel Abbes, and for the survivors - in case of disobedience - a prison in Colombes-Béchar, in the center of the Sahara, not a single person from there doesn't come out alive."

In 1921 in the Algerian town of Sidi Bel Abbes, the Russian lieutenant colonel artilleryman E. Giacintov got. He rose to the rank of corporal in the Legion. About the impressions made during the years of service, this man later wrote in a memoir book. “Here they spoke, in my opinion, all the languages \u200b\u200bthat exist in the world,” but at the same time he noted that “there were always a lot of Russians in Bel Abbes ... the staff of the training team, i.e. instructor sergeants were almost all Russians." "The old legionnaires always speak among themselves in French, or rather, in a special soldier's jargon. This is considered the highest chic."

According to official sources, the following statistics can be established. In the 1920s, there were up to 8,000 Russians in the Foreign Legion, of which about 3,200 served in Algeria.

Service in the Legion was not easy. Sometimes experienced, brave Russian soldiers who got there, who had a long service life behind them, participated in battles, were awarded military awards, etc., found themselves in completely new conditions. "Old, honored colonels, who went through the whole great war, participants in many battles, had to obey, like ordinary soldiers, young foreign lieutenants, and thank God and the country that gave them shelter and service ... life is as people create it for themselves."

Let me also put here some information that I managed to establish about other compatriots who served in the Legion. The Russian legionnaire S. Andolenko, who was in Morocco in the 30s of the last century, reports on the man who died in the battle on Taziouate in 1932. lieutenant of the second infantry regiment Alexandrov-Dolsky: "On September 5, the French troops went on the offensive. Already on that day, being in a difficult battle, Aleksandrov-Dolsky showed miracles of courage. "We were all amazed, his comrades say, by which he behaved; bullets whistled and dug into the ground around him, people fell, and he walked with long strides forward, with some unearthly composure, as if he did not see the hell that was going on around him. "The unit commander wrote:" I also see Lieutenant Aleksandrov with a revolver in his hand, enticing his people. After a fierce hand-to-hand fight, the legionnaires took over the position and the surviving Moroccans were already fleeing, when suddenly one of them turned around and fired at point-blank range at Aleksandrov-Dolsky. Struck by a bullet in the carotid artery, Aleksandrov was killed on the spot. In a funeral speech, the regiment commander spoke of the dead as follows: "We are proud of you. You paid with your life for valiant and heroic behavior, which honors not only the Legion, but the entire Army. You added a new page of glory to the history of the regiment and the memory of your glorious behavior will be sacred and serve as an example for future generations."

In the 50s of the last century, a book by one of the legionnaires was published in the West. This man writes about his comrades, about a military unit, "in which there were especially many Germans and Russians who found refuge here as a result of the coups that took place in their homeland ... He immediately became close to Lieutenant Shalidze, a Caucasian, a little sad, but direct and a good comrade. He was given a Circassian Yepandiyev, a caring and diligent soldier, as a batman."

The famous French Military Museum in the Palace of the Invalides in Paris has a special Russian section, which stores the memory of the valiant sons of Russia, who managed to acquire glory for their homeland abroad.

Legion in North Africa

In the period under review, when there was a mass exodus of military counter-revolution from Russia, France actively penetrated into the states of the Maghreb. Algeria became a colony in 1830, Tunisia became a protectorate from 1881, Morocco from 1912.

Just as the Europeans drove the Indian tribes to the United States, the French colonists also conquered the Arabs and Berbers. The internal structure of the North African countries corresponded to historically established factors related to the characteristics of the Eastern Muslim civilization. "There were no relations of serfdom in Morocco ... the power structure in the country was not sufficiently clear and stable ... there were no large private estates, because ... the land was legally considered the property of the Sultan, but under the free control of the tribes. Finally, the formation of traditional feudalism was hindered by tribal solidarity, which was of great importance in the public life of the country". On the contrary, capitalist relations, according to which the economic, political and social life of France developed, led to active colonial expansion. First of all, this was reflected in the African territories. The best fertile lands were given to immigrants from the metropolis. Along with the pursuit of political and economic interests, the Europeans carried out ideological intervention. French missionaries tried to Christianize the locals.

Following the seizure of territories, the Europeans began to conduct geological exploration in the Atlas Mountains and in the Sahara Desert, with the aim of subsequently developing sources of minerals. French sources of those years report the use of the Legion in appeasing the rebellious tribes of North Africa and the need to protect peaceful settlers engaged in agriculture from wild nomads. One of the soldiers wrote about the Legion: "By its legendary qualities - calmness, courage, devotion - it remains the best military unit that one can have. Its battalions are remarkable both in attack and in defense, they are admired by those who saw them in Moreover, in the activities preceding and accompanying offensive operations, the Foreign Legion successfully copes with various other tasks, thanks to the presence of workers of different professions in its composition. "

In 1920 In Morocco, the "Office Shirifienn de Phosphate" society was created with the aim of developing deposits in the Kouribga zone. This is the central part of the country, traditionally inhabited by one of the Berber tribes. As the researcher writes, "by the end of the First World War in the French zone of Morocco, almost all the mountainous and desert regions of the country remained unconquered." Based on data related to the history of economic development, it is possible to reconstruct the course of the war waged by units of the French Foreign Legion against the local population in North Africa. The stated facts, references to settlements and geographical names, one way or another, are confirmed in letters, memoirs and other official information that one has to meet when studying the information left by Russian legionnaires who went through the Moroccan period of service.

So, in 1923. active hostilities are taking place in the area of the city of Tazy, located in the northeastern part of the Middle Atlas in an inaccessible mountainous area. Then the legion moves further into the Tadla region and the southwestern part of the Middle Atlas. The next stage is the south and the High Atlas and Anti-Atlas mountain ranges. By 1924 hostilities are transferred to the valley of the river Uerga. As the historian notes, during the summer period of the same year (June-August 1924) the most fierce hostilities with the tribes take place. French newspapers of those years wrote about the war in the Rif mountains in the north. The public outcry caused by the war in Morocco acquired global proportions. The fierce resistance of the tribes, the unwillingness to obey the colonialists, and therefore the difficult situation of the Foreign Legion, forced to carry out its operations in incredibly difficult conditions, became a topic for discussion not only in the press. For example, the Soviet military leader M.V. Frunze carefully studied the features of military operations and wrote about the advantages of the partisan tactics of the Rif tribes. Inconclusive fierce fighting in the mountains continued until the spring of 1925.

In April, the French command decides to reinforce its battalions. Fresh forces enter the war, additional units of the Foreign Legion were transferred from Algeria to the Moroccan front. However, this did not bring the desired results. A parsimonious newspaper report published in a central French publication speaks eloquently enough about the situation: "Every group of dwarf palm trees, every cliff hides an arrow behind it." It took another whole year to consolidate the main strategic positions in the region. On the transfer of additional troops in 1926. reported the telegraph agency from Rabat: "Reinforcements from Algiers are disembarking and heading towards their future locations." Quite rightly, the words of one of the participants in those battles sound that "the Moroccans do not have a front either in length or in depth."

Working with the old émigré publications that were published in the Russian intellectual environment in the first years of the dispersion, according to a few scarce information, it is possible to partially restore the atmosphere of military everyday life. In 1926 one of the legionnaires wrote from Morocco: “I live in the center of the political, economic and religious life of a newly conquered tribe, which occupies part of the Great Atlas ... The Moors, having temporarily submitted two years ago, do not leave the thought of throwing off the power of strangers. Accustomed to independence "They despise our laws and regulations. Raids on us almost do not stop ... They feed well. But the monotonous, full of invisible danger (bullets from behind a bush, from around a corner, from behind a sandy hillock) creates the need for artificial excitations. There are no books. Newspapers are rare. And yet for such a service - and the Russian has nothing to choose from - special happiness is needed.

The subjugation of the tribes continued until 1934, at the same time, a significant number of the French population gradually concentrated in the large cities of Morocco: workers, petty employees, government officials, the petty and middle bourgeoisie, and the intelligentsia appeared. However, the tasks of the Legion to ensure the peaceful development of the country under the French protectorate did not weaken. This can be judged by studying the facts of the biography of Russian legionnaires who continued their service in North Africa.

In subsequent times, there are isolated cases of Russian people serving in the French army in Africa. In particular, in the mid-1950s, Alexander Terentyev (1931-1998), a future priest (he served in Russian parishes in France and Italy), "he served his military service in Morocco and participated in military operations against the rebels."

The connection of the Legionnaires with the church and the Russian community in Morocco

In North Africa, centers of Russian life were created in the French territories. The emigrants who came to Bizerte with the Black Sea Fleet and arrived as a result of single moves from European countries formed Russian communities in various cities of Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. Compatriots who continued their military career in the Foreign Legion became, to a certain extent, part of the Russian presence in the region, as evidence of those days has been preserved. For example, the first Russian priest who arrived in Morocco in 1927 wrote about this. In the parish archive of the Resurrection Church in the city of Rabat, a note compiled by Father Varsonofy / Tolstukhin / has been preserved. It says, in particular, that "... those who served time in the foreign legion and in its ranks participated in the wars to pacify Morocco ..." Russian soldiers and officers were the first members of the Russian community in this country.

The same information is confirmed in his memoirs by Met. Evlogii / Georgievsky /: "The parish in Morocco arose in 1925 under the influence of the need for the church life of Russians scattered in Africa. This need was especially urgent among those serving in the Foreign Legion. People were accepted there without passports: anyone fit for military service, regardless of nationality, enrolled in the legion under the number and falls into that mass, which, well trained and bound by iron discipline, forms a formidable fighting force known as the "Foreign Legion". Hard service! Always at the forefront, in bloody skirmishes with the Arabs , in agonizing journeys through the sultry desert... Among the clergy of my diocese, one father Gregory Lomako was a priest in the "Foreign Legion", but not in Africa, but in Mesopotamia.The French government could not issue loans for the maintenance of an Orthodox priest for a long time, and Father Lomako I did not stay there. I began a correspondence with the Minister of War, applying for permission to send a priest to Morocco, referring to The names of the clergy of other religions who received this permission - nothing came of my petition. Meanwhile, screams were heard from Africa: the Russians are running wild! Russian people are disappearing! Send a priest!". In the parish archive of the Russian Church in Rabat, an interesting document has been preserved confirming the efforts that the Orthodox leadership made to organize chaplain service in the Foreign Legion among their compatriots. Thus, in a letter on the letterhead of the Diocesan Administration of Orthodox Russian Churches in Europe, signed Archimandrite Nikon, with reference to information received from the rector of the Resurrection parish in Rabat, Father Barsanuphius, reported that “the French authorities agree in principle to appoint a military priest for the Orthodox throughout North Africa. The priest must be a French citizen. The salary will be 3,000 francs a month, with a stay in Sidi Bel Abbes."

Being engaged in the study of sources related to the topic related to the Russian presence in Morocco, the author of these lines had to work a lot with the documents of the church archive of the Resurrection Church in Rabat. There, among the letters addressed to the rector, there is one piece of evidence that illustrates the attitude of one of the Russian correspondents to the Foreign Legion. Only the most difficult condition could prompt him to agree to serve in this military formation. One young man, 32 years old, in the past an artillery officer, who had already graduated from Sofia University in Bulgaria with a degree in economics in exile, but despaired of many years of futile attempts to find a suitable job, wrote to Archimandrite Varsonofy in Morocco with a request to help in employment and solving life problems: “Now it has become unbearably hard to get this job, and Russians are taken to permanent places as an exception ... It’s a shame to go to the Foreign Legion, where losers and, in general, superfluous people go. For now, I don’t consider myself superfluous.”

When the Russians built their church in Morocco, and for the consecration of this church in the winter of 1932, Met. Evlogii from Paris, he had the opportunity to meet fellow-believing compatriots who connected their lives with military service in the Foreign Legion: "The temple, created by the joint efforts of the Moroccan emigration, became in those days the center of all Russian life. The legionnaires asked for permission from the authorities, and came to the celebration with my musical team, I had the opportunity to talk with them and learn the details of their lives.

Legionnaires live hard. They are well fed, but thirsty often and painfully. It is so unbearable that the soldiers kill the horses and drink their blood. Rescues the radio, through which they report the demand for the immediate delivery of water; an airplane arrives and drops pieces of ice. It happens that the ice does not fall to legionnaires, but falls into the camp of enemies. There was a case when an officer could not stand such a "past" and shot himself. To go 25-30 versts, it is supposed to take two flasks of water with you: one for yourself, the other for the boiler. God forbid you touch this "public" flask - they will beat you half to death. At a halt, a fire is made and the water brought for public use is poured into the cauldron. The long-awaited hour of food and rest is coming. It wasn't there! Suddenly, like devils, the Arabs swoop in... We have to fight them off. The skirmish lasts 10-15 minutes, but everything is gone: the cauldron is overturned... Exhausted people sit hungry, selective swearing is heard in all languages. The officer commands: "A glass of rum!" Immediately the mood changes - fun, laughter, songs ... And then death awaits: patrols are set up around the bivouac, five or six people, with a junior officer; the Arabs in their white burnouses crawl inconspicuously like snakes, and it happens that they cut out all the sentinels with curved knives ...

There are two types of people among legionnaires. Hard life tempers some, makes them invincibly hardy, strong, to the point of cruelty, people; it destroys others, they drink too much, crushed by the weight of service and existence. Among the legionnaires of this category, I happened to meet on that visit a Zhytomyr chorister who once sang to me: "Is polla these despots" *. Now it was a drunken man. I witnessed how he pounced on an uncorked bottle of white wine, which he noticed on the window of Father Barsanuphius. Father Barsanuphius had to fight with mosquitoes, and he poisoned them with some kind of drug from a spray gun; many mosquitoes fell into the bottle and spoiled the wine: it was impossible to drink it. The chanter pounced on the bottle. “May I?

Russian legionnaires kept in touch with the Orthodox church in Rabat. There is information in church statistics: under 1936. the death of legionnaire Pavel Derfanovsky was recorded, over whom a funeral ceremony was performed. Another evidence says: "When General Peshkov was in the Foreign Legion in Morocco, crosses were placed on the graves of Russian legionnaires: Arkadiev, Konenko and Fedorov."

Some of the Russian legionnaires, having served their due term and retired, remained in Morocco, started families, and joined the life of the Russian community. Others left for Europe or continued to look for deceitful happiness somewhere else.

Whenever possible, the legionnaires tried to participate in the cultural life of the Russian community. In the archives of the Resurrection Church of Rabat, the "Program of a Musical Evening and a Ball" has been preserved, which says that the captain of the chief orchestra and a conductor from among the legionnaires managed the orchestra at this holiday. The Russian officer E. Giatsintov, mentioned above, noted with a certain pride the high level of participation of compatriots in musical and cultural terms in general: “Every Thursday, the Legion symphony orchestra played on the city square. They say that it ranked second among all the orchestras of France. many of ours, Russians. In general, there are always a lot of people who want to get into a musical team, since they live much better than everyone else. Thanks to this, the bandmaster has a wide choice, and he recruits only really valuable musicians. "

Among the Russian diaspora in North Africa, a rather intense cultural and intellectual life was conducted. Legionnaires, as far as possible, became participants in these events. The famous Russian artist Zinaida Serebryakova left a noticeable Moroccan mark in her work, she twice visited North Africa. In 1928 worked in the ancient capital of Marakkesh, and in 1932. was in Fes. At the same time, Zinovy Peshkov served as an officer of the Foreign Legion in Morocco. This person will be discussed below. Here I will only note that, according to the biographer of this famous Russian, who devoted his whole life to serving France, Gen. Z. Peshkov during his service in the Foreign Legion was closely acquainted with the famous artist. In particular, “there is every reason to assume Peshkov’s acquaintance with Serebryakova: their paths very often crossed ... She traveled all over North Africa, where Peshkov served,” writes M. Parkhomovsky.

Zinovy Peshkov (Sverdlov)

Despite all the difficulties and troubles, the Russian people, by virtue of their national character and natural qualities, achieved success in the Foreign Legion, and we have something to be proud of for our compatriots. In émigré literature, evidence has been preserved that many Russians who served in the Foreign Legion in North Africa achieved sufficient success in their service. Five of them rose to the highest ranks, among them Z. Peshkov, Nolde, Favitsky, Rumyantsev N. and Andolenko. One of them, namely General Zinovia Peshkov, deserves special mention.

The name of this man is carved on the same tombstone with Princess V. Obolenskaya. Zinovy, the elder brother of Yakov Sverdlov, is dumb: "... this small and sternly truthful man, for which we are hated everywhere ...". Zinovy was born into a Jewish family. My father worked as a shoemaker in Nizhny Novgorod, where the family moved from Belarus. According to the laws of the Russian Empire, persons of the Jewish faith were limited in their rights. Therefore, many of them converted to Orthodoxy, in particular, our hero decides to change his faith in order to be able to get a higher education. According to Russian laws, and the Church was then a state institution, in order to become Orthodox, and therefore not have infringement of rights, when performing the Sacrament of Baptism, the presence of two recipients-witnesses (men and women) was required. Such a person, or according to a common folk tradition, Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov, under the pseudonym "Gorky", became the godfather for Zinovy.

The French reference book "Who is Who" reports the following information about Peshkov: he was born in 1884. in Nizhny Novgorod. Before the First World War, he was forced to emigrate from Russia, and volunteered for the French army in 1914. Participated in missions: in the USA - 1917, China, Japan, Manchuria and Siberia - 1918-1920, Caucasus - 1920. Member of the war in Morocco, officer of the Foreign Legion - 1921-1926, commander of the Foreign Legion in Morocco - 1937-1940, joined the "Free France" - 1941. Representative of the "Free France" in South Africa, in the rank of minister - 1941-1942. Head of Missions in British Africa - 1943 French Ambassador to China - 1943-1945 and Japan - 1945-1949. Awards: Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor; Military medal; Military Cross.

The large French encyclopedic dictionary "Larousse" contains the following information: "Pechkoff (Zinovi), general fransais d'origine russe" ("Peshkov (Zinovy), a French general of Russian origin" (from French)). He entered the Foreign Legion in 1914, in Morocco from 1922 to 1925, then in Africa again with de Gaulle in 1941.

From the rich and interesting biography of our compatriot, in fact, within the framework of this article, we will focus on the Moroccan period of his life. The biographer of the general writes the following in this regard: "Zinovy Peshkov served in the Legion for quite a long time - in 1921-1926, in 1933 and in 1937-1940. He was a man of strong convictions, and he would hardly have remained in the Legion for so many years if this contradicted him conscience."

In archival documents A.M. Gorky, some information has been preserved that speaks of the continuation of the writer's ties with his godson, in particular, some letters contain information that makes it possible to highlight the Moroccan period of Z. Peshkov's life. One of the foreign correspondents wrote in August 1922 to A.M. Gorky: "As for Zinovy, he is now in Morocco and organizes cultural and educational work among the officials subordinate to him ...". From another letter we learn: "He is already in Morocco, the commandant of the fortress district on the Middle Atlas (Kazbakh-Tadla)". Among the papers in the archives of the famous proletarian writer, there is a letter that he received from his godson. In it, in particular, a young officer of the Foreign Legion Peshkov gave a description of his colleagues: “There are about forty Russian people in my company ... By the way, I have a wonderful Russian choir ... There are also soloists. they can fit into this situation, one bar... T., gentle blond, soft-bodied, cannot even get through to the rank of corporal, sings gypsy songs, and another long and thin young gentleman in glasses, the son of a landowner of the Oryol province, sings Vertinsky's songs: "your fingers smell of incense", you see this picture ... in the mountains of the Middle Atlas, dressed in a legionnaire's overcoat, closing his eyes and swaying, someone sings with anguish about fingers smelling of incense ... ".

Among the records of Zinovy, the following information about Russian soldiers has been preserved: “They are simple, they are modest, soldiers of the Foreign Legion. They do not require remuneration for their service. They do not seek fame. But their enthusiasm, their admirable efforts, their hearts, which they invest in their cause, cannot go unnoticed by those who saw them in action. Legionnaires do not think of heroic sacrifice. They do not consider themselves martyrs. They go forward, and if they die, they die in peace.

The graves of these unknown heroes are lost in the desert or in the mountains. Their names on wooden crosses are erased by the sun and carried away by the wind. No one will know what the people resting there were like, and no one will bow down over their graves ... ". Further, he wrote about one Russian colonel who, by the will of fate, ended up in the Legion: "During the exceptionally difficult winter retreat of 1923. I lost the outstanding sergeant Kozlov, former colonel of the Russian army, one of the most brave soldiers of our detachment, a man who endured the hard life of a sergeant of the Foreign Legion with exceptional stoicism. The senior lieutenant of the detachment described him to me: “The best of our detachment. An outstanding instructor. He speaks fluent French, is exceptionally correct, everyone treats him with great respect. The Russian detachments call him “colonel.” That evening I invited him to the office and asked him if he really was an officer of the Russian army. "Yes," he said, "I served in the last 25 years." From further it turned out that Kozlov was wounded several times during the war of 1914-1918 and shell-shocked in the head, which resulted in frequent cerebral hemorrhages. Therefore, he prefers not to take any promotions, so as not to be responsible. He was the most calm person in the detachment. When commanding, he never raised his voice, but his very tone was so convincing that everyone followed for him unconditionally. All the sergeants respected him very much. During the last battle for him, he was wounded several times, but did not leave the line. The last wound to the head was fatal. " These are the pages of Russian foreign history.

We will try further to restore the facts from the rare evidence that has survived from that time. In 1924, after a two-year Moroccan company, the legionnaires spent some time on vacation in the relatively calm eastern part of Algiers. "Zinovy in Africa, in Numidia, commands a company. He sent interesting postcards from there. An indefatigable guy," lines from a private letter tell us. In April of the same year, judging by the letter sent from El-Kreider to A.M. Gorky, we learn that Peshkov is taking part in the battles. The Legion is conducting active military operations at this time. A little more than a month passes, and from the response message we learn: "June 3, 1925. My dear ..! Are you fighting again? When I think about this war, I worry about you ..." - Alexei Maksimovich wrote in Morocco. Then in 1925. A.M. Gorky writes to one of the addressees: "...Zinovy is wounded in the leg, he is in the hospital in Rabat." Later, Zinovy Peshkov himself will describe his life of that period as follows: “In the summer of 1925, I was in a military hospital in Rabat, where I was waiting for the healing of a wound on my left leg received in battles with reefs. I had enough time to think over and recover in years of service in Morocco, in the Foreign Legion. I felt indebted to the people whose fate I shared for several years and whose ranks I had just left. I should pay tribute to the unknown greatness of these people who became soldiers on the occasion, these nomadic workers who under the sun of Africa perform multiple and difficult tasks. They could say of themselves, like the soldiers of Rome: "We go, and the roads follow us. "In the intervals between battles, where paths were barely marked, they pave roads that open their natives to their their own country. Always warriors, but also by turns sappers, diggers, masons, carpenters. They are pioneers whose work and sacrifices allow other people to live happily and peacefully in these remote places. It is under the protection of the posts that they have built, under the protection of the posts that are tirelessly awake, that Morocco is civilized."

Let's get back to history. In 1926 our hero is already in the rank of captain, by the same time he has several military orders and medals, as we learn from the correspondence of those years. "My godson Zinovy Mikhailovich Sverdlov, the captain of the French army, decorated with many orders and deprived of one arm on the shoulder," mentions A. M. Gorky. Official information also has interesting evidence: "Peshkov (Zinovy), captain of the 1st regiment of the Foreign Legion, on the proposal of the Military Ministry and the Council of the Order of the Legion of Honor, for exceptional services, brilliant performance of the duties of a captain, excellent education of soldiers, remarkable energy and composure shown in all the battles in which he took part, from May 1 to June 27, 1925, and in which he was wounded near Bab Taza (Morocco) on June 27, leading his unit on the attack, he is awarded the Military Cross T.O.E. palm branch," he wrote in 1926. "Le journal officiel".

Zinovy Peshkov will express his impressions, observations, experiences and personal experience of service in Morocco in his book on the Foreign Legion, on which he is undertaking work during this period of time. The first edition will be published soon. It appeared in English in the USA under the title "Sounds of the Horn. Life in the Foreign Legion" in 1926.

The French edition of the book comes out a year later with a slightly different title: Foreign Legion in Morocco. In a preface written by Maurois, it says: “All civilizations have their outcasts. Dostoevsky called them humiliated and insulted. For example, Russians who did not accept the Bolsheviks, Germans who cannot bear their drill, Belgians and Swiss, victims of some personal drama. For all these people, the discipline of the Foreign Legion is not offensive.The author is one of those commanders who know and know how to raise the humiliated and insulted, attaching them to the task that the Foreign Legion inherited from the Roman Legion - the task of serving civilization.Wherever the legionaries go, roads are laid, houses are built. Here the Europeans fulfill their task of teaching modern technology. Having visited Morocco with an interval of three years, I did not recognize the city, so it has changed for the better. In terms of the quality of construction of roads, factories, buildings, and hygiene, it surpasses Europe.

The Foreign Legion is more than an army of soldiers, it is an institution. From conversations with Zinovy Peshkov, one gets the impression of an almost religious nature of this institution. Zinovy Peshkov speaks of the legion with burning eyes, he is, as it were, an apostle of this religion. Peshkov tells about the soldiers in the hospital, who, dying, jump up to greet their officers.

Many aspects of the legionnaires' life are revealed in Peshkov's book. It describes the tea parties in the city, the booze that the soldiers had on the days they received their salaries. Mention is also made of a Christian cemetery near the city of Marakkesh in the central region of Morocco, where colleagues, including Russian compatriots, were buried. One Italian mason made crosses for the dead from local mountain marble. There was no priest then, they buried themselves. From the same book we learn that Captain Z. Peshkov, being on official business in Paris, buys with his own money in 1923. horns and flutes for the battalion. An interesting, somewhat sentimental detail - a Russian captain planted two palm trees near the distant Fort Wiseth. Peshkov called the word "tramps" his unfortunate fellow-subordinates. And as the biographer writes, "he knew all the "tramps" of his battalion - from the Don Cossack - his orderly, who picked flowers twice a day, because they reminded him of his native steppes."

Z. Peshkov's book about legionnaires in Morocco "Pechkoff Zinovi. La Legion Etrangere au Maroc. - Paris, 1927." received sufficient popularity at that time. Subsequently, based on this work, a film was created in Hollywood according to the script and with the participation of Peshkov, which was filmed in North Africa.

In 1933 in Paris, Z. Peshkov gave an interview to the newspaper "Paris midi", in which, in response to a correspondent's question, he expressed his opinion and his devotion to the cause that called him and became part of his life: "A lot of lies and slander are spread about the legion, but it remains the same .. "There is one French Foreign Legion. Nothing can be added to that."

Let us allow ourselves to return to the well-known Zinovy Peshkov. Our hero on the eve of the Second World War continues to serve in North Africa. Command of the Foreign Legion August 11, 1938 decides to extend the term of service of Z. Peshkov in Morocco for 2 years - from January 11, 1939. As you know, September 3, 1939. France declares war on Nazi Germany. Fighting begins between these countries, affecting, among other things, the territory of North Africa. Peshkov participates in the battles of the Foreign Legion against the Nazis in Morocco. By the way, it should be added that the fighting here began on the eve of the declaration of war, namely, on September 2, and lasted almost two more months after the surrender of France, which took place on June 22, 1940. According to the biographer, "some commanders of the Legion, including Peshkov, refuse to recognize the shameful truce for France ...". Peshkov draws up his resignation. The last entry in his service record reads: "On 20.8.1940, in connection with reaching the age limit for his rank, he is sent to a permanent place of residence." The obituary, published after the death of General Peshkov, provides an interesting detail that allows you to restore the atmosphere of those days and clarifies the circumstances of the decision. "The Second World War found him in Morocco, where he commanded a battalion of the Foreign Legion. After the defeat of 1940, he refused to accept a truce with the Nazis and fled at night on a steamer, arriving in London one of the first."

Spanish Foreign Legion

Another noteworthy historical event is associated with the Russian military from among those who served in the Spanish Foreign Legion. This refers to the famous war in Spain 1936-1938. In July 1936 in Spain, the reactionary forces did not recognize the victory in the elections of the revolutionary popular front. A fascist rebellion broke out, which was supported by Germany and Italy. The occupation of the country began. The USSR provided the Republicans with tacit moral and material support. Thousands of Russian people fought in the international brigades in Spain. At the same time, there were also Russian people on the other side of the front. Once again, fratricide pushed compatriots who had been separated by ideological and political views for many years. "On August 1, 1936, the Harbin newspaper" Our Way "published an interview with the Spanish professor E. Afenicio under the heading "The Spanish uprising was raised by Russian emigrants, ranks of the Foreign Legion in Morocco." As you know, the north of Morocco was under a special occupation regime, due to its restless nature local tribes The Spanish Foreign Legion controlled the situation in these places, "where the Russians make up the largest percentage, both soldiers and officers ... the first events began in Melilla and Ceuta, garrisons ... Russian emigrants ... Therefore, I am convinced that the uprising in Morocco, which has now spread to the continent, is the work of your compatriots, who were the first to put their real strength at the disposal of the uprising in the form of regiments ... of a foreign legion, "wrote the Spanish professor.

1.2.3 FOR THE HOME

Battles against German-Italian forces in North Africa

As you know, France is defeated in the war with the fascist alliance. The occupation of the country, the creation of a puppet government of Vichy, all this was the result of a truce that was concluded between France and Nazi Germany on June 22, 1940. and the Franco-Italian agreement of June 24, 1940. The metropolis "... was in a very difficult position, although it continued to maintain control over its colonial possessions in North Africa (Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco)." However, the fascists, having achieved the use of economic resources, military-strategic bases and administrative apparatus in the region for their own purposes, "began to export iron ore and molybdenum from Morocco, and food from Algeria and Tunisia."

At the same time, both in France itself and in the colonies, there are patriotic forces that did not want to accept defeat and are ready to give themselves to the fight against the enemy. These forces began to unite around General Charles de Gaulle. The legendary general, having fled from Paris, took refuge in the British Isles. On London Radio June 19, 1940. the following appeal of de Gaulle was transmitted: “On behalf of France, I firmly declare the following: it is the absolute duty of all the French who still bear arms to continue resistance. crime against the motherland. At the moment I am speaking, first of all, referring to French North Africa, not captured by the enemy ... In Africa, Clausel, Bujot, Lyauté, Nogues, the direct duty of all honest people is to refuse to comply with the conditions of the enemy. " One of the first to respond to the call was Zinovy Peshkov. He became the closest collaborator of de Gaulle and already in this capacity returned to North Africa.

The British first used the formations of General de Gaulle in West Africa during the Dakar operation, which began on August 3, 1940. However, the forces turned out to be insufficient, since at that time the Free French Committee had only two battalions of the Foreign Legion. The failure was due to the fact that the preparations that were carried out in London could not be hidden from spies. The active military operations of the Foreign Legion in the fight against the Nazis begin with operations in the Mediterranean part of Africa. In his speech delivered in Algiers on July 14, 1943, General de Gaulle noted: "When the fire of war spread to the soil of our North Africa, the French army turned up there to serve gloriously as the vanguard of the Allies in Tunisia." Biography researcher Z. Peshkov, on the basis of documents, writes that "... it can be concluded that he fought against Rommel's troops in North Africa somewhere from February to May 1941."

As for other Russians from among the emigrants who ended up on the side of the Allies and fought against the German-Italian troops, a record of one of the participants has been preserved about them. Veteran of the French Resistance N.V. Vyrubov wrote: "These warriors with their valor, worthy service and dedication deserve eternal memory ...". Many of the participants in the war are buried in the cemeteries of France and in other places, someone's graves remain unknown. There were a small number of volunteers who expressed a desire to join the troops of General de Gaulle. This circumstance is explained by an eyewitness of the events: "Since the population of the country itself remained largely passive, the emigrants did not feel the need to prove themselves. In addition, for personal and family reasons, emigrants were often afraid to do anything ... Nevertheless, many of them sympathized victories of the Russian troops, were proud of them. After the surrender of France in 1940. and the German attack on the USSR in 1941. the entry of Russians from among those living in the diaspora into volunteers is noted. "They wanted to take part in the war, to fight for 'their second homeland' with which they were linked by culture ... they did not feel bound by the 1940 armistice, they were driven by the desire to contribute to victory." Further, the émigré author continues: “After 1941, everything changed: the Motherland was attacked, its very existence was threatened. For those who were brought up in the Russian spirit, lived in a Russian environment, Russia undoubtedly became the main motive for participating in the war. They fought for victory on the side of the Allies." Also, apparently, the words of the legendary leader of the Resistance movement, heard by the Russians, had their effect: "Free France together with suffering Russia. Fighting France together with fighting Russia. Desperate France together with Russia, who managed to rise from the darkness of the abyss to the sun of greatness" .

November 12, 1942 Anglo-American troops landed in Africa, four days later they occupied the city of Bonn in Algeria, moving towards Tunisia, where on November 16 the first clash with German units took place. "The German command, which did not have military reserves in the immediate vicinity of the theater of operations, was forced to hastily transfer parts of various formations to Tunisia." The task of the Germans was to fortify in the area of Bizerte, taking advantage of its forts. Here, the military units of the "Free France" played a certain role, in which they fought, incl. and our compatriots. One of these Russian soldiers was V.I. Aleksinsky. In his memoirs, drawn up in post-war Paris, he wrote that many Russians fought in de Gaulle's troops in North Africa.

Many of our compatriots distinguished themselves in battles against the Nazis during military operations in Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. Among the legionnaires awarded the "Cross of Liberation" are the following names: Lieutenant Colonel D. Amilakhvari, died in Egypt in 1942, N. Rumyantsev, commander of the 1st Moroccan cavalry regiment, captain A. Ter-Sarkisov. Russia should also know the names of her sons who fought in North Africa, here are some of them: Vashchenko Alexei soldier 2nd grade. II Regiment of the Foreign Legion (+1947), buried in Villiers on the Marne; Guyer, (+20.5.1940) died at Porron; Gomberg (?), junior lieutenant; Zolotarev, junior lieutenant, (+1945); Popov, commander of the 1st cavalry regiment (+1946); Regema, lieutenant (+1945); Rotshtein, junior lieutenant (+1946); book. Sergei Urusov; Zemtsov, awarded two Military Crosses, retired in 1940, in 1941. volunteered for the legion, awarded the second Cross posthumously.

Yu.V. Lukonin, who was in Morocco on diplomatic work in the 60s of the 20th century and personally knew some of the representatives of the old Russian emigration, left notes about people of Russian origin who fought in North Africa on the side of the allies. "Two authors - one of them served in aviation, the other in the navy - received loud literary fame after the victory over fascism. Especially the former pilot - Romain Gary (Roman Kasev). He became a famous novelist, diplomat, member of the French Academy. In an autobiographical book" Premonition of Dawn" he reproduces the heavy, disturbing atmosphere of Vichy timelessness in Morocco, describes his wanderings around Meknes and Casablanca before a daring escape to British Gibraltar, towards combat everyday life in one of the units of Degol aviation. As for the former sailor, rear admiral of the reserve Alex Vasiliev , then his pen belongs to the collection of fascinating short stories "Unknown Soldiers of the Past War. In several short stories, he resurrects his experiences in North Africa, in particular, the landing of a powerful allied landing in Morocco and Algeria in November 1942." In December 1940 in the Atlantic, near Casablanca, the French submarine Sfax sank, among the crew members was Senior Lieutenant P. Enikeev. During the German occupation of Bizerte, one of the enemy submarines was sabotaged by the former lieutenant of the Russian fleet S.N. Enikeev.

However, unfortunately, there were also reverse cases, when from among the former Russian military, including legionnaires, there were people who went to cooperate with the Nazis. The émigré writer Nina Berberova wrote about one of these people. In his diaries for 1942. she wrote: “At the age of eighteen, he went to Shkuro and cut someone ... He staggered somewhere, then he entered the Foreign Legion and left for Africa (there was a war between the French and Abd al-Krim) ... In Africa, he again he cut someone, returned five years later ... And now he is in a German uniform, fighting on the eastern front, or rather, serving as an interpreter for the Germans in Russia. Now he has returned on vacation from near Smolensk ... ". Subsequently, she learned the further fate of this man. In 1944 he died near Chernivtsi.

1.3 GENERATIONAL CONFLICT

The Second World War was a definite watershed between two waves of Russian emigration. Official figures from international refugee organizations indicate a figure of 8 million displaced persons who ended up in Europe in 1949. As for the Russian people, namely, they made up the majority in this huge human mass, they can be divided into two categories:

Firstly, these are outright traitors, employees of the occupiers, members of anti-Soviet armed formations, and secondly, people forcibly displaced to work in Germany. The political views of these people differed from those of the emigration of the first wave. Having tasted stale bread in a foreign land, aristocrats, military men, Cossacks and their families, were imbued with sympathy for, even if Soviet, but the homeland that became the winner in the world war. About political reconciliation, say the words uttered by the former ambassador of the Provisional Government in Paris Maklakov, which he uttered during a visit to the USSR Embassy on February 12, 1945: "We have stopped the struggle, we have separated from those who want to wage it."

On the contrary, the new batch of Russians that arrived from the USSR breathed exclusively malice towards their native country. The exception was, perhaps, ordinary people who were forcibly taken to work, but were afraid of returning in view of the upcoming persecution by the punitive authorities in their homeland.

A certain share of the blame for the rooting of the anti-Soviet infusion to harm defectors lies with the Soviet state itself. Order No. 120, dated August 16, 1941, sentencing in absentia to death those who surrendered and initiating repressions against members of their families, was well known among prisoners of war. On this occasion, the historian writes: “It is clear that the state, with its repressive legislation, where the very fact of captivity was considered as treason to the motherland, where not only the prisoners and displaced persons themselves, but also members of their families were persecuted, in fact rejected hundreds of thousands of its citizens.”

The agreement between the allied states, concluded in Yalta on February 11, 1945, on the extradition of Soviet citizens, regardless of their consent, according to the state of the borders on September 1, 1939, only aggravated the matter.

Unlike their predecessors, the emigrants of the 1920s, the new refugees were by no means striving to recreate Russia abroad. Some of them wanted only peace, tranquility, an elementary household device - to forget the nightmares of captivity, humiliation, to get away from the problems of the disorder of Western life and fear from Soviet reality. Others were, on the contrary, aggressively active, they considered themselves fighters, heroes. Only there was nowhere to apply heroic forces, all this remained there, in the east, beyond the Soviet border. There were also communities of Russians, gray-haired, aged, people who had lost their former activity. Actually, they have never been ideological opponents of the new arrivals, as they lived in different Russia, in different cultures, in different ideologies, in different social strata. A foreign author, who is inclined to see community and unity in the Russian emigrant mass, nevertheless writes: "The Second Emigration" ... represented all the social strata that existed at the beginning of the war. It was a fragment of a society already Sovietized, decapitated, but also the most fierce ... only gradually did the second wave perceive the cultural and religious values preserved by the first, it grew to a spiritual level ... ".

So far, there is no need to talk about spiritual growth. Using the example of African Russian communities, we see that newcomers do not merge into existing Russian public institutions, organizations, associations, but create their own, as if in parallel. This also applies to the church. Temples for the “second wave” are already, but only a place of prayer, but a sphere of manifestation of political sympathies and antipathies.

With the arrival in new places, the seizure began, and where it was not possible, there was the creation of alternative parishes. And this is in those places where Russian churches have been for decades, with their established traditions and liturgical way of life adapted to local conditions. All these facts are observed in the example of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.

In Morocco, for example, a large organized group of Russians arrived with two priests and a well-sung choir. Tunisia becomes the seat of foreign bishops - Archbishop Panteleimon, then Bishop Nathanael. The parish in Casablanca found an alternative bishop, at one time it was John (Maximovich), about whom it should be said that he was the most worthy saint of all the foreigners. He had little interest in politics, was a prayer book and an ascetic, paid great attention to charity, enlightenment, and the consolation of suffering souls. An opponent of the foreign camp in Morocco wrote about him: "The only exceptions are such meek saints as John (b. Shanghai), and there probably will be, but such a minority." According to people who knew him closely, "the archbishop did not absolutize jurisdiction at all, which later caused him to be condemned by "more serious" foreign hierarchs, for whom parties and "trends" mattered more than the commandments of Christ."

How did the priests of pre-existing churches react to the appearance of their restless brethren? This was written in the foreign church press: “Not so long ago, the rector of our church, Archimandrite Mitrofan, received an offer from the local representative of the jurisdiction of Metropolitan Anastassy, Archpriest Mitrofan Znosko-Borovsky, to move along with the entire parish to the Karlovtsy jurisdiction. In his response to this strange proposal, Archimandrite Mitrofan explained in detail to the father archpriest all the non-canonicity of the church dispensation, the so-called Church Abroad, and, considering further negotiations on the topic of "transition" superfluous, asked only one "peaceful existence", without interference in other people's affairs.

1.4 CO-CITIZENS
"People who leave the fatherland for foreign lands are not respected in a foreign land, but alienated in their homeland" Aesop

So, who are they, our compatriots, who today form the backbone of the Russian diaspora in the country of the Maghreb?

It must be immediately emphasized that for the most part these are women. Their appearance here is associated with marriage with local Arabs and Berbers. Many young people from Morocco studied in Soviet universities, and even today they continue to receive education in Russia and other CIS countries. Most of these women are not Russians, but Ukrainians or Belarusians. What is most interesting is that they all always present themselves as Russians and use only Russian in everyday life. A separate conversation is that due to the lack of diplomatic missions of Ukraine and Belarus in many North African countries, these women have to overcome a lot of visa, legal and passport problems (the nearest Ukrainian diplomatic mission is in Tunisia). Moroccan students also study in Kazakhstan and the Central Asian republics, but, as a rule, they do not bring their life partners from there.

Getting into the Arab, Islamic world of North Africa, the Slavs face problems of adaptation. Let's look at specific examples of how this difficult process takes place in the Maghreb.

As a rule, women, who in the official consular language are referred to as “compatriots”, do not break off relations with relatives who have remained at home, their children are bilingual, usually speak Russian and French, and often a third language - Arabic. The latter is typical for those who are brought up in Arab families, where patriarchal foundations are strong. Usually, intelligent modern families, knowing the local dialect, prefer to speak French in the family, especially since the "compatriots" notice a constant negative and critical attitude towards everything Arabic and Muslim.

Islamic law does not recognize marriages outside of this religion, so wives are forced to convert to Islam. But, having no civil internal passports, but only a residence permit, they depend on their husband in everything. A residence permit for foreigners arriving from Eastern European countries must be renewed annually, and for this you need to present a certificate from your husband's place of work among the necessary papers.

Parents try to send children born in joint marriages to study in Russia and other CIS countries. Women belonging to the older generation try to influence their grandchildren through books, games, etc., but, as a rule, the grandchildren no longer speak Russian, but they consider French and Arabic to be their equally native languages. Soviet citizens try to get acquainted with the intelligentsia from among the Russians who come to the country to work on contracts and on official business trips. Arab husbands, as a rule, do not oppose this - on the contrary, having retained good impressions of Russia over the years of study in our country, they are drawn to Russian culture and willingly speak Russian. A certain share in this process is played by the Russian Cultural Center, libraries, video films, etc. The local press constantly publishes positive reviews about the work of the cultural center on their pages.

Attempts to prolong or create an atmosphere of Russian living environment are expressed in the purchase of old Russian things, furniture, utensils from those compatriots who, having completed their term of work in Morocco, return to their homeland. But due to the low cultural level, all this sometimes takes ugly and even caricature forms.

Fellow citizens are also trying to turn the church left over from the old Russian emigrants into a place of their meetings and leisure. Orthodox worship, dogma, books (and the parish has great opportunities in terms of choosing literature that is inaccessible to compatriots in Russia) - all this does not arouse interest. On the one hand, people come to church for psychological consolation when their hearts are really bad from an excess of negative emotions associated with being in an alien ethno-religious and cultural environment. On the other hand, as already noted, a piece of Russian land is used as a meeting place. Appeals to the priest for advice in terms of spiritual life, the traditional performance of rites and rituals - such as custom notes, prayers, confession, communion, etc. - practically does not happen. The only prayers in the church are "for travelers", when one of the employees of official missions flies home on vacation or in connection with the end of a business trip.

Relations among fellow citizens are far from simple. Domestic and family issues are constantly discussed. The lack of social activity, reliable information, multiplied by a low intellectual and moral level, gives rise to constant gossip and squabbles. The environment of fellow citizens will never "forgive" one of the compatriots if she can get a decent job. As a rule, Russian and Russian-speaking women are not employed, as they do not have the necessary qualities and skills, the first of which is a good knowledge of French, and often Arabic. They are even more incapable of going to unskilled work. Therefore, they sit at home, depend on their husbands for everything and usually do not get along with numerous relatives. Their Arab husbands in this respect look much nicer and nobler.

The patriarchal Arab family life, built on the norms of Islamic morality, has many positive elements. Fellow citizens falling into this environment, in fact destroying the environment in which they find themselves, do not bring anything positive from Russian culture, religion, life and ethics to the Arab world. Therefore, in the local environment, the wrong attitude towards everything Russian and towards Russia is often formed. Sometimes, frankly speaking, you feel a sense of guilt and shame for the Russian nation. For example, when communicating with ordinary residents, I had to explain more than once that I was a Russian priest: then the answer was not infrequently asked: "Do Russians have a religion?" In such an attitude towards Russia and Russians, of course, one cannot blame only fellow citizens. A certain amount of anti-Russian tension is carried by the modern mass media. Watching both Arabic and Western TV channels in French, English and other languages, you constantly see and hear about the negative processes in modern Russia. It is a shame that the word "vodka" has become synonymous with the word "Russian".

Indeed, women who came to Rabat from the former USSR are not well versed in matters of dogma. They, brought up on atheistic principles and knowing nothing about Orthodoxy, are alien to any religion in general. In addition, one should take into account the fact that fellow citizens aggressively do not accept Islam, despite the fact that officially many of them are considered Muslim. In contrast to wives, their husbands willingly speak on religious topics, show knowledge of both the Qur'anic provisions and the basics of Christianity, and are satisfied with those moments of dogma that speak of the original historical community of our monotheistic religions.

In legal terms, local legislation based on the norms of Sharia law is completely unusual for the European consciousness. This applies to the topic of divorce, the possibility of having other wives, to issues related to the upbringing of children, the position of a woman in society, her social activity. Sometimes, when a Moroccan, without doing anything reprehensible from the point of view of the law, religious norms, social and family traditions, commits an act that, from the point of view of the European mentality, cannot be accepted, tragedies happen in mixed families. Fellow citizens, even having lived for decades in an Arab environment, still do not want to know or understand how mutual relations are built here.

In the succinct expression of one of the Russian diplomats, who has been working with fellow citizens for many years, "they wanted to be foreigners there (that is, in their homeland), and they also want to remain foreigners here." When marrying Arabs, many women thought that they would become wives, if not princes, then at least relatives of the king. In fact, it turned out that princes usually study in Europe, while the children of the poor studied in the USSR.

1.5 PARISH DAYS

As for the characteristics of other Russian citizens who find themselves in foreign conditions and who come to the temple, these are those who are on official business trips, working under contracts, etc. Naturally, in this environment there is a strong tendency to preserve their isolated way of life. People live in temporary, cramped conditions with minimal adaptation, not getting used to, but rather adapting to local life.

The position of the Church in Morocco is directly related to the apparent failure of the Christian mission in that country. Priests of the Moscow Patriarchate come for a short period of time and are completely unprepared for work in local conditions. The activity of priests develops in various directions, but not in the field of counseling. The fact is that usually there are from one to three people at the Sunday liturgy, on major holidays - a maximum of 15, and these are not regularly praying, but simply visitors. The usual forms of activity of priests who came from the USSR, and now from the Russian Federation, are active recreation, travel, endless communication with a bored public living on the territory of the embassy and creating the appearance of being busy with diplomats and those who joined them. A lot of free time encourages reading, intellectual pursuits, learning foreign languages.

Nevertheless, despite all the difficulties, the Russian community continues to exist in Rabat. Thanks to the fraternal help of the Greek Archimandrite Timothy from the Paraclete Monastery, as well as international Christian charitable organizations, the library is replenished with new editions. In response to the request of V.P. Butkovsky, director of the Russian embassy school, Metropolitan Kirill of Smolensk and Kaliningrad, chairman of the OBCA MP, sent a set of video cassettes "The Shepherd's Word". Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences Vladimir Petrovich Butkovsky with his wife Elena Leonidovna and daughter Ekaterina, during the time spent in Morocco, showed themselves to be the kindest Christians and very nice people.

Having touched upon the topic of the Orthodox Church in Rabat, one cannot but mention one more thing. Due to the sharp deterioration of the economic situation in the countries of Eastern Europe, many Serbs, Romanians, Bulgarians, Poles go to North African countries in search of work. For many, the church becomes part of the homeland. Joint divine services on the occasion of the days of remembrance of common saints and the events of Slavic history unite people. Bulgarian parishioners became frequent visitors to the temple. The Ambassador of Bulgaria is constantly present at the divine services, and he takes part with pleasure in the reading of the liturgical texts, both in Church Slavonic and in Bulgarian. With great zeal and seriousness, the Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria responded to the initiative proposed by the rector to celebrate the day of memory of the holy enlighteners of the Slavic Cyril and Methodius. This holiday was prepared and carried out in 1998 and 1999 by Ambassadors Todorin Packerov and Georgy Karev, who consistently worked in Morocco. Similar festivities in honor of St. Sava of Serbia were held on January 24, 1999, just at the time when the international community revolted against Serbia, the Moroccan diplomatic corps ignored and boycotted the Yugoslav embassy. Serbs living in Rabat, Casablanca and other cities gathered in a Russian church. Mr. Ambassador Golub Lazovik participated in the service, he, according to the Serbian custom, cut the bread and poured wine over it, as is customary in the ceremony of "Serbian glory". Then a reception was held in the church garden.

The ambassador of the Hellenic Republic usually arrives at the Russian church for the procession on Easter night and then leaves for Casablanca, where he takes part in the service held in the Annunciation Church of the Alexandrian Patriarchate. Having shown respect to fellow Russian people, the ambassador celebrates Easter among the Greek community.

Unfortunately, the embassy of the Russian Federation remains practically indifferent to our church, and Russian diplomats do not attend divine services. The exception is perhaps the Easter holiday, when, having huddled together during the procession, the Russians unanimously begin the celebration in the garden under a canopy. At that moment, no more than a dozen people remain in the temple, and by the end of mass, only the priest and a few amateur choristers are left at all. The steps of the porch covered with wax, cigarette butts on the tiles of the paths and white plastic disposable tableware scattered across the green lawn remind us that the past holiday will remain in the minds of those who associate themselves with Russian culture.

These are largely subjective impressions of my tenure as rector of the Resurrection Church in Rabat.

For the sake of objectivity, we should name the names of wonderful people, thanks to whose selfless devotion the Russian church continues to exist and the necessary care is shown for this unique place associated with Russian history and culture. These are the indefatigable Lyudmila Mikhailovna Mulin - the treasurer (in fact, the headman of the Russian church), Nina Alekseevna El-Kinoni - the regent of the church choir, Irina Alexandrovna Vasilyeva - the librarian of the parish library. During their stay in Rabat, Vyacheslav, Galina and Veronika Semyonov, and Nikolai Alexandrovich Vasiliev helped and enlivened the meager everyday life of the Russian community in Morocco a lot. The Polish trade consul Pan Teofil Stanislavsky with his wife Pani Silvia and daughter Maya showed great attention and friendship to the Russians.

Mother Maria (Ekaterina Vasilievna Gurko) maintains a spiritual connection with the Resurrection Church. She is the granddaughter of the famous colleague of Skobelev, the liberator of Bulgaria, Field Marshal Iosif Gurko, after whom one of the streets of Sofia is named. Her father, General Vasily Gurko, married a Frenchwoman, the daughter of the Minister of Justice Trarieox, Sophia. Since 1946 Sofia and Ekaterina Gurko lived in Rabat. After the death of her mother, Ekaterina Vasilievna moved to Paris, where, having taken monastic vows, she worked in the office of the Exarchate.

Portal for the student. Self-training

Ryazan Airborne Forces School and its history (1918-1947)

School history: post-war years

Who is taught by the school?

Ryazan School of the Airborne Forces: faculties, departments

Extrabudgetary faculty

Educational process

Who can become a cadet of the school?

Admission conditions: USE

Admission conditions: physical training

Educational and methodical work

Oath

How to get there?

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