27.04.2016

Anna Akhmatova is one of the brightest stars of the early and first half of the 20th century. The revolution, the years of the civil and Great Patriotic wars, the period of Stalinist repressions fell on her share ... You can’t call her life easy. But, no matter what storms burst into her life, she never betrayed her main talent and mission - creativity. Poems were for Akhmatova the main meaning of life. Perhaps they helped her to endure and wait for the first signs of a political "spring" in our long-suffering country. Akhmatova never called herself a poetess. She was exactly the Poet - beyond any gender differences. True poetry is indifferent to the signs of sex - its genius overshadows with its wing the forehead of the chosen one without distinction of sex. History has preserved for us, descendants, interesting facts from the life of Anna Akhmatova - let's see how the vicissitudes of a person's fate influenced the Poet.

1. Akhmatova is not Anna's real surname. In early youth, Anna took this pseudonym for herself. There is an opinion that among Anna's ancestors there was a certain Khan Akhmat. It is quite possible, but it is much more likely that this surname was borne by her not so distant maternal relatives. Anna rejected her paternal surname Gorenko when he forbade her to write poetry, signing this surname. They talk about a family scandal, allegedly the father shouted: “Do not disgrace my name!”, To which the 16-year-old daughter replied: “But I don’t need your name.”
2. Akhmatova studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. Nikolay Gumilyov was also educated there. Having met, the young people began to communicate and soon got married.
3. Three husbands were replaced by Anna Akhmatova in her life. With Gumilyov, love ended shortly after the birth of Leo's son. But, despite the ensuing divorce, the couple maintained friendly relations.
4. Akhmatova's first husband, Nikolai Gumilyov, who volunteered during the First World War, did not leave Russia after the revolution. Like Akhmatova, he did not want to leave his homeland during a period of difficult trials. His own fate was tragic. In 1921, he was shot on charges of plotting against the Soviet regime (of course, the case was fabricated).
5. The son of Anna Akhmatova Leo survived 4 arrests. The first two ended happily, in 1934 Anna Akhmatova turned personally to Stalin with a request to alleviate the fate of her son and second husband. In the case of Lev, Stalin with his own hand imposed a resolution: "Immediately release." The young man was free, but he was expelled from the university, he almost died of starvation, he had to take on any job. Relations with his mother went wrong: Leo believed that she was not helping him in any way. Then - the third arrest, after which a 10-year (in total) period of camps and prisons began. Akhmatova, trying to alleviate the fate of her son, went against herself: she wrote loyal poems to Stalin. But it did not help. There is evidence that, "hunting" for the son and relatives of Akhmatova, the NKVD tried to find evidence to arrest her.
6. They did not touch Akhmatova, they fought against her by other methods - they did not allow her to be published. A long period of silence dragged on until the 60s of the last century. After 1946, she was expelled from the Writers' Union, which significantly reduced her chances of earning a living. It only got easier in the 1960s. In 1964, the merits of Anna Akhmatova were recognized in Europe: she was awarded a literary prize in Italy. And the motherland, which Akhmatova refused to leave, was aloof silent.
7. In 1965, Anna Akhmatova received an honorary doctorate from Oxford.

1. Streets in Kaliningrad, Odessa, Kyiv are named in its part.

2. On June 25 of every year in the village of Komarovo, Akhmatov's evenings-meetings, evenings of memory dedicated to Anna Andreevna's birthday are held.

3. The 120th anniversary (2009) of Anna Akhmatova was celebrated even in Kuala Lumpur.

4. She witnessed two world wars, during each of which she experienced a unique creative upsurge.

5. Akhmatova composed her first verse at the age of 11 and after that she began to actively improve herself in the art of versification.

6. Her father forbade her to sign her creations with the surname Gorenko. considered writing a trifling occupation. Then Anna took the maiden name of her great-grandmother - Akhmatova.

7. The last collection of poems by Akhmatova was published in 1924. After the NKVD, she did not miss the work of the poetess and called it "provocative and anti-communist."

8. Akhmatova kept a diary all her life, which was discovered only seven years after her death.

9. Before going to the sanatorium in which she died, she wrote: "It is a pity that there is no Bible." She foresaw her death.

10. After the arrest of her son, Lev Gumilyov, Akhmatova with other mothers went to the notorious Kresty prison. Once one of the women recognized Akhmatova and asked: “Can you describe THIS?” After that, Akhmatova sat down for "Requiem"

11. After his death, the son understood all the suffering of his mother and took an active part in the construction of the monument. It was possible to observe how the gray-haired doctor with his students wandered around the city in search of material for the construction of a monument to his mother.

“I got the nickname “wild girl” because I went barefoot, wandered without a hat, threw myself from a boat into the open sea, swam during a storm, and sunbathed until my skin came off, and all this shocked the provincial young ladies of Sevastopol.”

March 5 - 50 years since the death of Anna Akhmatova. The future Russian poet was a very obstinate girl from childhood: she studied poorly, had bad behavior and wrote poetry, which was considered stupid. The father once exclaimed in anger: "Don't dishonor my name!" She did not disgrace, but glorified, despite the fact that, to spite her father, she took a pseudonym.

There are two versions of the origin of the famous surname. The first - the ancestor of the poetess was the Tatar Khan Akhmat. The second - Anna Gorenko's grandmother on the mother's side was Akhmatova. Choose any option, we still don’t know exactly why Anna Gorenko took this loud surname as a pseudonym.

The fate of the poetess was tragic. Despite childish joys and youthful recklessness, Anna grew up to be a serious and deeply sad person. Eye to eye, she faced two wars, a revolution and numerous repressions. All this affected her family.

"The husband is in the grave, the son is in prison,pray for me."

I will not talk about the sorrows of Anna Akhmatova's fate and about her creative path - school textbooks and medium-sized sites are dotted with this information. So, as the beautiful she-devil Gippius wrote “Caustic Notes on the Tsar, Stalin and Husband”, I suggest that you study the notes about the woman from the “serpent’s lair” and about the “most unread poet” in the form of interesting facts from the biography and memoirs of contemporaries.
From the lair of the serpent,
From the city of Kyiv
I took not a wife, but a sorceress.
And I thought funny
Guessing - wayward,
Cheerful songbird.
Non-reciprocal love

Anna and Nikolai met in the walls of the gymnasium: Gumilyov read poetry, Akhmatova was a student of the Tsarskoye Selo Women's Lyceum. She became the poet's muse, but answered him with non-reciprocity, which is why the annoyed poet left for Paris for a long time. After Anna suddenly decides that she is still madly in love with Gumilyov, she returns him from France. But she was in no hurry to agree to the wedding. To bring the matter to the marriage ceremony, Gumilyov began to threaten the young poetess with suicide. The wedding celebration nevertheless took place, but already in 1918 the literary couple announced a divorce. Akhmatova treated Gumilyov with all the warmth of her heart. True, she married three more times, but all marriages were unsuccessful.

Nicknames Akhmatova

You can give a whole list of nicknames that called the poetess. Half-nun, half-harlot, Russian Sappho, Anna of all Russia.
We are all thugs here, harlots,
How sad we are together!
Flowers and birds on the walls
They languish on the clouds.

TB control

March 5, 1966

In 1915, Akhmatova was diagnosed with an ominous diagnosis for those times - tuberculosis. She was forbidden to see her son, sent to a sanatorium for treatment in Finland. It is still unknown what actually happened in the sanatorium, for which she so hated all types of resort clinics, the woman fled from him to St. Petersburg and refused to go ever again for treatment. Many say that Akhmatova had a presentiment of her death and that she seemed to know that she would die in a sanatorium, but only

Suicide attempt

All children's poems before the wedding with Gumilyov were destroyed, but by an amazing coincidence, several letters remained to Sergei von Stein (sister's husband).

“You know, dear Sergei Vladimirovich, I have not slept for the fourth night. It's terrible, such insomnia. If you could see how pathetic and useless I am. The main thing, unnecessary, to anyone, never. It's easy to die. Andrey told you how I hung myself on a nail in Evpatoria and the nail jumped out of the lime wall? Mom was crying, I was ashamed - in general, badly. Extract from a note from 1906.

Diary

An interesting fact is that Akhmatova kept a diary all her life, but this became known only 7 years after her death.

NKVD and Stalin

After the collection was published in 1925, Akhmatova's work began to be considered "provocative and anti-communist." Stalin expelled the poetess from the Writers' Union, Akhmatova's new life began - a beggar. Anna Andreevna had to earn a living by translating, which, by the way, she did great.

World fame

Akhmatova gained fame all over the world. Not only in Europe admire her creations, the 120th anniversary of the poetess was celebrated even in Kuala Lumpur!

Relationship with son

Lev Gumilyov for a long time believed that his mother had not made sufficient efforts to free him, but before her death, he finally realized all the hardships of the fate of the great poetess. All Leningrad University, where he taught at the Faculty of History, collected stones around the city for the construction of a monument to Akhmatova.

Will they forget? - that's what surprised!
I have been forgotten many times
A hundred times I lay in the grave
Where, perhaps, I am now.
And the Muse was both deaf and blind,
In the ground decayed with grain,
So that after, like a Phoenix from the ashes,
On the air rise blue.
February 21, 1957. Leningrad.

Anna Akhmatova is one of the best poets of the 20th century, whose work is inextricably linked with her fate, filled with various, including tragic events. Despite the fact that the biography of the poetess has been studied in detail, many interesting facts from the life of Anna Akhmatova can be found.

Facts from the life of Akhmatova

• It is known that Anna Andreevna was born in the family of a naval officer and she had 5 brothers and sisters. One of the younger sisters, Rika (or Irina), died at the age of 7 from tuberculosis, and although this fact was hidden from the children, in some incomprehensible way Anna felt the death of her sister. She believed that this event influenced her entire future life.
• An amazing fact from the work of Akhmatova can be considered her inexplicable connection with A. S. Pushkin, whom she, along with I. Annensky, considered her teacher. All her work is permeated with the spirit of Pushkin's time. It is known that one day, while walking with the nanny in the garden of Tsarskoe Selo, she found a pin in the shape of a lyre, considering it a sign. She believed that A. S. Pushkin himself once dropped that pin here.
• Anna grew up in an unusual family. There were almost no books in the house, although her mother knew many poems by Derzhavin and Nekrasov by heart. Despite the fact that little Anna did not read much, everyone at home was sure that she would certainly become a poetess.
• As a child, Anna suffered a serious illness (presumably smallpox), which left her deaf for some time. It was after this serious illness that Anna began to write poetry.
• It is known that Anna's first husband was the poet Nikolai Gumilyov. At first, Anna did not pay any attention to the ardent young man, an admirer of Oscar Wilde. She was in love with another - a tutor Vladimir Golenishchev-Kutuzov.
• Nikolai Gumilyov long sought the hand of the fatal beauty. At some point, Anna was already ready to give in, but the dolphins intervened: Anna and Nikolai were resting in Evpatoria and, walking along the run, stumbled upon the bodies of two dolphins that had washed ashore. It was this fact that caused another refusal to Gumilyov.
• It is believed that Anna did not love Gumilyov, but perceived him as her Destiny. By the way, none of Nikolai's relatives came to the wedding, believing that this marriage would be short.
• Some people think that Anna Akhmatova had a stormy romance with the sculptor Amadeo Modigliani, but in reality this is not so: he simply painted her portraits and, apparently, was in love with her, but this passion remained platonic.
• Platonic passion Modigliani helped Anna survive the betrayal of her husband, who was carried away by his young niece Maria Kuzmina. Having slipped the sculptor's letters to her husband, she seemed to get even with him for treason and gave them the opportunity to forgive each other.
• The relationship between Akhmatova and Gumilyov is difficult to understand, having become acquainted only with a brief biography of Anna Akhmatova. They were more like "sworn friends," brother and sister, friends, than husband and wife. Moreover, Akhmatova herself admitted more than once that she never considered Gumilyov a married man.

Interesting facts about Akhmatova can be read on the Internet and in the literary memoirs of her contemporaries for a long time. This is only a small part of what the average layman does not know about this incredible woman, the "sorceress", as some called her.

The most popular materials of February for the class.

The whole biography of Akhmatova is interesting facts from the life of the poetess. That was the time then. She was an unusual girl since childhood.

Anna Andreevna Gorenko was born on June 11, 1889 in a suburb of Odessa. She was an obstinate child, she studied badly. But from the age of ten she wrote absolutely not children's poems. The parents were horrified. Father said: "Do not dishonor my name!". At the age of 16, Anna shouted out: “And I don’t need your name!”. And then the story began with a pseudonym.

Two versions

Interesting facts from the life of Akhmatova, of course, include the legend with her pseudonym. According to one version, there was an ancestor in her father's family - a Tatar girl named after him and took a pseudonym. According to another, Akhmatova was her maternal grandmother, whose surname she took, so as not to disgrace her father's name, or rather, so that she herself would no longer bear his surname.

Interesting facts from the life of Anna Akhmatova as an aspiring poet

In 1912, the first collection of poems by Akhmatova "Evening" was published. The foreword was written by Mikhail Kuzmin. In those days, it was fashionable for already established writers to write prefaces for the first publication of a novice poet. Kuzmin immediately understood exactly its nature. Already in this collection one can see the love and talent of the poetess for details. “The Song of the Last Meeting,” where she puts on the wrong gloves, and then “Closed her hands under a dark veil,” and so on.

Criticism began to call Akhmatova's poetry a lyrical novel. This means that there is a narrative, in each poem there is one or another story. It is very dynamic, filled with details that are not secondary.

So no one wrote, neither before nor after, like Anna Akhmatova. Biography, interesting facts from life, however, for some reason, people are more interested in than her work. Although, of course, without all these details, one cannot understand the depth of her poetry, the whole meaning that she put into her works. Therefore, it is useful to know both uninteresting and interesting facts from the life of Akhmatova, to briefly study her biography.

Anna and Nikolai

In the biography of young Akhmatova, there are many coincidences with Both studied at both fell under the influence of the poet who was the director of the lyceum. Both began to write poetry early. It is no coincidence that they fell in love with each other. And in the same year in which the collection "Evening" was released, they got married.

They met in 1903, and, of course, Nikolai immediately fell in love with a black-haired girl who forever became his muse.

Interesting facts from the life of Anna Akhmatova with Gumilyov

Their marriage could not be successful. Gumilyov felt that his beloved woman, his muse, was at the same time a competitor and, it seems, was outplaying him. Anna is already recognized as a poet, and she writes more poetry. In 1914 Gumilev volunteered for the war. Anna dedicated poems to him, although by this time they no longer lived together. Both of them were religiously related to the war. It was at this time that the "citizenship" of Akhmatov's verse took shape. She is very devoted to her homeland, she loves her land, she sympathizes with all the events that are happening to her country.

In 1918, the couple officially divorced, Akhmatova remarried. Her husband was the scientist and poet Vladimir Shileiko. She never liked ordinary people.

Nicknames Akhmatova

The nicknames that Anna Andreevna was given on the sidelines, in the press, among the people are also interesting facts from the life of Akhmatova. Already at the age of 24, she was called a half-nun, half-harlot for her frequent change of husbands. For her work, she was nicknamed Russian Sappho and Anna of All Russia. The latter is pleasant, the former, of course, not. However, she has earned such a reputation for herself. There was not a single bad word that she could not call herself in poetry. She even called herself a bad mother.

However, despite all this, many women, right up to the Second World War, dressed, stylized as Akhmatova, so they liked her image, which she wrote of herself: “There is a row of small rosaries on her neck.”

Interesting facts from the life of Akhmatova could be briefly summarized in the listing of her lovers and husbands. But in those days it seemed a shocking fact - to go from one to another, then to a third, and so on. In fact, the most interesting facts from the life of Anna Akhmatova are just something else. In her tragedies, in her relationship with literature and with the country.

Time of great upheavals

The year 1921 was a year of great shocks for Anna Andreevna. This year they shot Nikolai Gumilyov, with whom they did not stop communicating even after the divorce. And almost at the same time, Alexander Blok dies, who was for her a great poet, a model, the loss of which she felt very tragically. It is surprising that at this time her talent is enriched, the gift becomes stronger and more powerful. And she does not plunge into a depressive lonely state at all.

August 10 is the day of Blok's funeral and the day of the Smolensk holy icon. And Akhmatova dedicates a verse to the poet: “And Smolensk is now a birthday girl.” This is a memorial poem, in the future there will be many more. Akhmatova buried many friends and loved ones in her life.

In the same year, the beloved person of the poetess leaves Russia forever. He, of course, calls her with him. But she does not leave her homeland, she prefers to bear all the hardships with her.

The most amazing and interesting facts from the life of Akhmatova will remain forever unknown to us - this is what and how helped her withstand all the blows of fate. She was a person of great culture and intelligence. She read Dante and Shakespeare in the original, was a great textual critic, a specialist in the history of the creation of their works. And this was in those days when there was nothing to eat and wear, and she had enough strength for science and creativity.

Akhmatova studied all her life from the books and texts she worked with. She was even awarded the mantle of Doctor of Letters in England. Anna Andreevna passed away in 1866, but she forever remained in the history of Russian and world literature.