The aged Tsar Rostevan has a daughter named Tinatin, having no other heir, transfers the rule to her daughter. The king and commander Avtandil hold a festive tournament. Avtandil, in love with Tinatin. The king saw a rider in a tiger skin and orders to bring, seeing the king is hiding.

Tinatin offers to send people in search of the rider to find out who he is, but the messengers return empty-handed. The young queen promises her hand to Avtandil if he finds a rider. Avtandil meets wounded people who say they saw a mysterious rider. Avtandil pursues the knight and accidentally overhears a conversation with a girl (Asmat).

The commander meets the knight (Tariel). It turns out that the two experience a feeling of love. Avtandil talks about his feelings for Tinatin. Tariel shares his love experiences.
Farsadan has a beautiful daughter named Nestan-Darejan. Tariel's father dies when he is 15 years old. Farsadan makes Tariel the head of the country's troops. Nestan-Darejan promises to marry Tariel if he wins the war with the havats, wins the war.

The Shah of Khorezm wants to marry his son to Nestan-Darejan, she persuades Tariel to kill her son. Having fulfilled the promise, Tariel says that the throne belongs to him. Two strangers kidnap Nestan.

He sets off to look for his beloved, finds himself in a magnificent city and makes acquaintance with Nuradin-Friedon, who complains that his uncle wants to kill. Together they defeat the uncle of the traitor. Nuradin-Fridon says that he once saw a beautiful captive girl, Tariel tells his story. Nuradin sends many ships in search, but all in vain. Tariel receives a horse as a gift, leaves Nuradin.

Avtandil, after listening to the story, goes to his beloved. Tinatin did not keep him for long, he goes to help Tariel.

Finding Tariel, Avtandil saw that his friend was badly wounded, he went in search of one. He asks oncoming people, unexpectedly helps the Baghdad caravan to escape from the robbers. Chief of the caravan, Usan takes him in. Avtandil pretends to be a merchant. He meets Usen's wife (Fatima), they become lovers. Once they were caught by a guard, the woman asks to kill the guard, in return she told how she met Nestan-Darejan.

Fatima bought Nestan-Darejan and hid her, Usan wanted to marry her, gave her a horse and ordered her to leave. Now she is in Kajeti. It turned out that Nestan-Darejan was engaged to the ruler.

Avtandil, Tariel and Nuradin-Fridon with soldiers, besiege the castle and save Nestan-Darejan and go to Nuradin. They celebrate the wedding there for a week.

Avtandil to marry Tinatin and become king.

Friends go to Hindustan, defeat the attacked havats, Tariel becomes the king of Hindustan.

A loving man will move mountains for the sake of his beloved!

A picture or drawing of Rustaveli - The Knight in the Panther's Skin

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The most famous Georgian poet was written in the XII century. Studying the topic "Shota Rustaveli" The Knight in the Panther's Skin ": a summary", it should be noted that in its authentic form, the ancient work did not reach contemporaries. The poem has undergone various additions and changes, both in the title and in the writing of the text. There were many imitators and scribes of various kinds. Only in St. Petersburg, since 1712, the poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" (a summary is presented a little below) was reprinted several times. And it is not surprising that there are already more than 50 editions of it in the Georgian language alone.

Shota Rustaveli "The Knight in the Panther's Skin": a summary

Once upon a time, Arabia was ruled by the fair king Rostevan, who had his only beloved daughter, the beautiful Tinatin. The king, foreseeing that his earthly clock was already running out, once informed his viziers that he was transferring the throne to his daughter, and they humbly accepted his decision.

The well-known poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" begins with this. The summary tells that when Tinatin ascended the throne, Rostevan and his faithful commander and beloved pupil Avtandil, who had long been in love with Tinatin, went hunting. Having fun with this favorite pastime, they suddenly noticed a lonely, saddened horseman in a tiger skin in the distance.

sad wanderer

Burning with curiosity, they sent a messenger to the stranger, but he did not obey the call of the Arabian king. Rostevan was offended and very angry, and sent twelve of the best warriors after him, but he scattered them and did not let them capture him. Then the king himself went to him with the faithful Avtandil, but the stranger, spurring his horse, disappeared as suddenly as he appeared.

So famously twists the plot of the poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin." The summary continues its narrative by the fact that Rostevan, having returned home, on the advice of his daughter Tinatin, sends the most reliable people to look for a stranger and find out who he is, where he came from in their area. The messengers of the king traveled all over the country, but never found a warrior in a tiger skin.

Tinatin, seeing how his father is puzzled by the search for this mysterious man, calls Avtandil to him and asks him to find this strange rider in three years, and if he fulfills this request, she will agree to become his wife. Avtandil agrees and sets off on the road.

Search

And now the work "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" comes to the most important thing. A summary of the chapters tells how the long search for this mysterious hero took place. After all, for three whole years Avtandil wandered all over the world, but did not find him. And then one day, when he decided to go back home, he met six wounded travelers who were rebuffed by a warrior dressed in a tiger skin.

Avtandil again went in search of him, and one day, looking around, climbing a tree, he saw a man in a tiger skin meet a girl named Asmat, she was a slave. Embracing, they cried, their grief was due to the fact that for a very long time they could not find one beautiful maiden. But then the knight set off again.

Avtandil met with Asmat and found out from her the secret of this unfortunate knight, whose name was Tariel. Soon after Tariel's return, Avtandil became friends with him, because they were united by one common desire - to serve their loved ones. Avtandil told about his beautiful Tinatin and the condition she set, and Tariel told his very sad story.

Love

So, once seven kings ruled in Hindustan, six of them considered the wise ruler of Farsadan, who had a beautiful daughter Nestan-Darejan, to be their master. Tariel's father Saridan was the closest person to this ruler, and revered him as his brother. Therefore, Tariel was brought up at the royal court. He was fifteen years old when his father died, and then the king put him in the place of the main commander.

Love quickly arose between the young Nestan and Tariel. But her parents have already looked after the son of the Shah of Khorezm as grooms. Then the slave Asmat calls to the chambers to her mistress Tariel, where they had a conversation with Nestan. She reproached him that he was inactive, and that soon she would be given in marriage to another. She asks to kill the unwanted guest, and Tariel - to seize the throne. So everything was done. Farsadan was angry and thought that this was the work of his sister, the sorceress Davar, who advised young lovers on such deceit. Davar begins to scold the princess, when some two slaves immediately appear and send Nestan to the ark, and then let him go by sea. Davar, out of grief, plunges a dagger into his chest. From that day on, the princess could not be found anywhere. Tariel goes in search of her, but also does not find her anywhere.

King Fridon

The poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" (very brief summary) continues with the fact that later the knight met the ruler of Mulgazanzar Nuradin-Fridon, who was at war with his uncle, who wanted to split his country. Tariel becomes twin brothers with him and helps him defeat the enemy. Fridon in one of his conversations mentioned that he saw how a strange ship once sailed to the shore, from where an incomparable beauty emerged. Tariel immediately recognized his Nestan from the description. Saying goodbye to a friend and receiving a black horse as a gift from him, he again sets off in search of his bride. That's how he ended up in a secluded cave, where Avtandil met him, who, satisfied with the story, goes home to Tinatin and Rostevan and wants to tell them about everything, and then go back again to help the knight still find his beautiful Nestan.

Return

Returning from his native land to the cave, he does not find the sad knight there, Asmat tells him that he again went to look for Nestan. After a while, having overtaken a friend, Avtandil sees that he is mortally wounded after a fight with a lion and a tigress. And help him survive.

Now Avtandil himself is looking for Nestan and decides to visit the ruler of Fridon to learn more about the story of the beautiful girl. Later, he met with a caravan merchant, whose leader was Usam. Avtandil helped him cope with the sea robbers and then, dressed in a simple dress to hide from prying eyes, pretended to be the head of a merchant caravan.

Further, the poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" (we are considering a summary) tells that after a while they arrived in the heavenly city of Gulansharo. From the wife of a very rich nobleman, Fatma, he learns that this woman bought the sun-eyed beauty from the robbers and hid her, but then she could not stand it and told her husband about her, who wanted to make her the bride of the local king, bringing the girl to him as a gift. But the captive managed to escape, and Fatma herself helped her. However, as it turned out later, she was captured again, and Fatma, who also began to look for her, heard rumors that now this beauty was engaged to Prince Kadzheti. His aunt Dularzhukht, who ruled instead of her brother, went to the funeral of her witch sister, and gathered all the sorcerers and sorcerers for this ceremony.

Reunion of lovers' hearts

While she was gone, Avtandil and Fridona came to the Kajeti fortress together with Nestan's beloved Tiriel.

Many adventures awaited these friends. However, soon, finally, the long-suffering hearts of lovers united. And then there was the wedding of Avtandil with Tinatin, and after them Tariel and Nestan got married.

The poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" received a very happy ending. Its summary ends with the fact that true friends sat on their thrones and began to rule gloriously: Tariel - in Hindustan, Avtandil - in Arabia, and Fridon - in Mulgazanzar.

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Story

This poem has not come down to us in its original form. Over the centuries, the text of the poem has undergone certain changes in the hands of successors - imitators and many scribes. Quite a few interpolated later editions of the 16th-18th centuries have been preserved, and among researchers the dispute continues both regarding the content as a whole and regarding the interpretation of individual passages of the work. There is also a continuation of the poem, known under the name "Omaniani". Of all the editions of the poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin", the so-called Vakhtangov edition, printed in Tiflis in 1712 by King Vakhtang VI and provided with special comments, is canonized and most common. There are up to thirty new editions of the poem, but with the exception of two, all of them in essence are, to a greater or lesser extent, a repetition of the Vakhtangov edition. The philosophical and religious views of Rustaveli were recognized by the official church of that time as heretical; she opened the persecution against the poem.

Until now, the question of where Rustaveli borrowed the plot of his poem remains unresolved. In the literature, four [ clarify] opinions: the first is based on the words of Rustaveli himself, who in the 16th stanza of the poem states that “he found a Persian story and translated it into verses, like a large pearl passing from hand to hand”; however, the Persian original, despite all the searches, has not yet been found. The Persian story that Rustaveli speaks of is a retelling of the Indian epic "Ramayana", which coincides with the poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" both in general and in many small details.

The second opinion was first expressed by Professor D. I. Chubinov, who proves that Rustaveli did not borrow the plot of The Knight in the Panther's Skin from Eastern writers; it was created by him and directed to the glorification of Queen Tamara.

The third opinion belongs to A. Khakhanov: comparing Rustaveli's poems with folk songs about Tariel, he suggested that the artificial poem of the 12th century has folk poetry as its basis, just as Faust and Hamlet go back to medieval folk traditions. Rustaveli used folk tales to depict a great historical era. A comparison of the songs about Tariel circulating among the Georgian people with Rustaveli's poem, where the main character is Tariel, reveals their unconditional similarity in the general plot and in the details.

On the other hand, a comparison of Tamara's life with the events described in the poem gives reason to think that Tamara herself is hiding under the name of the main character, Nestan-Darejan. It can be thought that the poet deliberately transferred the plot of "The Knight ..." to an ideal area - "to India, Arabia, China" - in order to divert the reader from conjectures and hide his love, "for which there is no cure ...".

Although there are suggestions that the events described in the poem are transferred to other countries in order to show that racial differences between peoples are insignificant, and this story could be in any other country than only in Georgia.

Despite disputes about the origin - the book remains a valuable event in the life of mankind.

Plot

The plot of the poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" boils down to the following: the eminent but elderly king of Arabia - Rostevan, without a son-heir, enthrones his only daughter - the charming and intelligent Tinatin, who had love for a young commander named Avtandil ...

Poetics

Rustaveli is a legislator and an unsurpassed master of the poetic meter that dominated ancient Georgia, called shairi, a sixteen-syllable verse. Rustaveli uses two types of this meter: high (4+4+4+4) and low (5+3+5+3). The variety of types of meter in the poem is linked to a certain order of the rhyme system. The quatrains of the poem (numbering up to 1500; and according to the publication of Academician Brosse, the poem has 1637 stanzas, 16 syllables per verse) are replete with alliterations that increase its organic musicality.

Of the other features of the Rustavel poetic system, the artistic clarity of his metaphor should be noted. The stanzas of the poem are full of complex and detailed metaphorical rows. And in all this complexity of Rustavel's poetics, simplicity of language, ideological depth and artistic immediacy dominate.

Noteworthy is Rustaveli's ars poetica ("the art of poetry" - Lat.), given in the famous prologue of the poem. For the poet, the high social purpose and ideological value of poetry are indisputable. Rustaveli defends the advantage of the epic genre over the lyrical one, which, in his opinion, is suitable only for "amusement, courtship and fun." A true poet, according to his views, is an epic, the creator of major narratives.

Analysis

Author's political views

The poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" in all its complexity reflects the era of Georgian feudalism, known as "patronkmoba" (patronage). The main and ideal characters of the poem - Tariel and Avtandil - are the types of devoted and respectful "kma" - vassals, disinterested servants of their patron, educated and sedate, thoughtful courtiers, brave and selfless knights.

The poem idealizes the loyalty of the vassal and the duty to the king - the highest patron. The immediate vassals of the king, courtiers and other nobles or noble people also have their own subjects of vassals-grands (such as Avtandil, Tariel, etc.). Thus, the public depicted in the poem is, as it were, a link in patronage or, rather, suzerain-vassal relationships, Rustaveli romanticizes the humanistic forms of these relationships: “better than any couple in love, mutually loving overlords and vassals,” he declares. The author deliberately warns readers: "service to your overlord (patron) will never be in vain." But the poet accepts the overlords only "darling, sweet, merciful, like the sky exuding mercy."

Rustaveli is an ardent champion of humanistic monarchism, based on the principles of suzerain-vassal relations and dynastic legitimism. One of the central motifs of the poem is the cult of chivalry, military prowess and courage. Idealized by the poet, the hero-knight is devoted and selfless in friendship and camaraderie. Friendship and camaraderie are the basis of chivalrous law and order; solidarity and self-sacrifice are the cherished ideal of Rustaveli. Knights disinterestedly and gratuitously protect merchants from pirates and robbers, treat women with the greatest respect and respect, patronize and help widows and orphans, the needy, the poor. Rustaveli preaches generosity, uniform mercy "to the great and small", "since the sun equally illuminates with its rays both roses and litter." He advocates free "choice of spouse." Singing love, which is alien to selfish feelings, Rustaveli passionately condemns heartlessness and unbridled sexual desires. It is noteworthy that the forms of patronage (suzerain-vassal) relationships are also inherent in Rustavel's love - "mijnuroba". The beloved woman, according to her position, is the highest patron-suzerain, while the hero in love is only the “most devoted” vassal-servant (kma).

Religious views

Rustaveli is an artist-thinker. He is alien to the Christian-clerical dogmatism of the medieval West, and the mysticism of Persian Sufism, and official Islam. This, of course, does not mean that Rustaveli is an atheist: his philosophical and religious thinking bears traces of the strong influence of Neoplatonism.

Composition

The composition of the poem is characterized by dynamic drama, often leading to unexpected situations. The poem is almost completely devoid of fairy-tale fantastic elements: genuine, human-earthly, strong experiences of living people are shown in a vitally truthful, artistically direct, convincing manner. Each hero of the poem, whether main or secondary, is revealed in the most typical features. In this regard, every, even the smallest detail of the poet is natural. These are Nestan-Darejan, Tinatin, Asmat, Tariel, Avtandil, Fridon, Shermadin, who have become common nouns, the most popular names in Georgia.

In developing the plot, the poet uses the technique of contrasting: various social strata and artistic images are skillfully opposed to each other with a great sense of proportion.

Aphorisms Rustaveli

Wise, thoughtful and at the same time laconic, winged Rustavel aphorisms penetrated the broad masses of the people, turned into folk sayings, into folk wisdom. It should be noted that these aphorisms, expressed in the form of lyrical digressions, epistolary appeals, are far from moralistic maxims. They contribute to the revival of the narrative, dynamize the verse, emphasize the monumentality of the work. In terms of architectonics and composition, the poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" is one of the majestic examples of world literature.

The significance of the poem lies in its artistic processing, psychological analysis and generously scattered wise sayings, which, even after 800 years, are pronounced by a Georgian with a feeling of special reverence. Rustaveli inspires “to free the slaves”, proclaims the equality of the sexes (“the offspring of a lion remains a lion, no matter what gender it is”), appeals to generous mercy: “what is distributed by you is yours, what is not is lost.” He puts personal merits above noble origin, prefers a glorious death to a shameful life, does not tolerate a deceitful person, declaring: "lie and treason are two sisters." Such thoughts made The Knight in the Panther's Skin an educational book for the people, and a talented technique made it synonymous with sublime and artistic poetry for Georgians.

Rustaveli's poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" - one of the greatest monuments of world literature - has been and continues to be one of the most widely read books in Georgia for centuries, exerting an exceptional influence on the further development of Georgian literature up to the present day.

Publications and translations

After 1712, the poem was published several times in St. Petersburg and in various cities of Georgia. There are more than 50 editions of the poem in Georgian.

Complete translations of "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" exist in German (Leist, "Der Mann im Tigerfelle", Leipzig, 1880), French ("La peau de léopard", 1885), Ukrainian ("The Knight in the Panther's Skin", translated by Mykola Bazhan , 1937), Polish, English, Arabic, Armenian, Spanish, Italian, Chinese, Persian, and Japanese, as well as Hebrew and Hindi.

In 2009, a translation of the poem into the Chuvash language was published: "Tigăr tirĕpe vitĕnnĕ pattăr". In 2016, a complete poetic translation of Manolis Mitafidi into Modern Greek "Ο Ιππότης με δέρμα τίγρη" was published in Athens. The translation was completed in 1974, the book was published 42 years later.

From the 1930s to the 1980s, excerpts from the poem were often translated and published many times in all languages ​​of the peoples of the USSR and the countries of the socialist camp.

Characters

• Rostevan - King of Arabia
• Tinatin - Rostevan's daughter, Avtandil's lover
• Avtandil - commander in Arabia
• Socrates - one of the viziers of Rostevan
• Tariel - a knight in a tiger skin
• Shermadin - servant of Avtandil, who led the patrimony in his absence
• Asmat - slave of Nestan-Darejan
• Farsadan - Indian king
• Nestan-Darejan - Farsadan's daughter, Tariel's beloved
• Davar - sister of Farsadan, teacher of Nestan-Darejan
• Ramaz - the ruler of Khatavs
• Nuradin-Fridon - ruler of Mulgazanzar, friend of Tariel and Avtandil
• Usam - the captain of the sailors whom Avtandil saved from pirates
• Melik Surkhavi - king of Gulansharo
• Usen - Head of Gulansharo Merchants
• Patma - Usen's wife
• Dulardukht - queen of Kajeti
• Rosan and Rodya - Dulardukht's nephews, Dulardukht wanted to marry Nestan-Darejan to Rostan
• Roshak - Warlord of the Kajeti

Vocabulary

• Abdul Messiah(literally - the servant of the messiah) - probably the name of the ode to "Queen Tamar and David" by the Georgian poet of the XII century John Shavteli.
• Absal is the nurse of the Greek prince Salaman, the heroine of the legend of their love, common in the Middle Ages in the countries of the East.
• Aloe is a fragrant wood used for burning in incense burners.
• Amiran is a hero of Georgian mythology, punished by the gods and chained to a rock in the Caucasus. The image of Amiran was used by Mose Khoneli - the alleged author of the stories "Amiran-Darejaniani".
• Amirbar - in the East, the minister of the sea or the minister of the court.
• Arabia is possibly one of the countries on the Arabian Peninsula.
• aspirosis- Venus.
• Badakhshan is a country in the Southern Pamirs, now a province of Afghanistan, where rubies were mined, called "Badakhshan stone" or "Badakhsh".
• Basra is a city in the southeast of modern Iraq
• Bezoar is a precious stone of organic origin.
• Wazir- vizier.
• Vis- the main character of the poem by the Persian poet of the XI century Fakhr ad-din Asad Gurgani "Vis and Ramin" based on the Parthian story about the love of Queen Vis for the king's brother Ramin. It is believed that the author of the translation into Georgian is Sargisu Tmogveli.
• Gabaon - an area near Jerusalem, considered sacred land. The firs and cypresses that grew there were considered the most beautiful.
• Geon(Jeon, Jeyhun) - the Amudarya river.
• Gisher- jet.
• Goliath is a huge Philistine warrior in the Old Testament.
• Gulansharo(from "gulan" (roses) + "shahr" (city) = city of roses) - a fictional city and state.
• David- apparently, David Soslani, husband of the Georgian Queen Tamara.
• Dilarget- the alleged protagonist of the work "Dilargetiani" that has not come down to us, the author of which is Sargis Tmogveli.
• Divnos- Dionysius The Areopagite, Christian saint and philosopher of the 5th century, author of the Areopagitics doctrine.
• Dostakan- health cup.
• Drachma is a unit of measurement of the mass of Ancient Greece, equal in various

The writing

Tariel is the protagonist of Shota Rustaveli's poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin". He was the son of an amirbar (commander), King Farsadan of India.
Born and spent all his childhood at the royal court, surrounded by sages. But after a great grief befell him, he went to live in the forest, among wild animals. He himself is a mighty handsome stately knight.
... Tariel stood mighty,
Trampling the lion with the foot.
Sword covered in scarlet blood
Trembling in his hand...
... Tariel, like the sun,
On a horse sat mighty,
And he ate the stronghold
With a fiery and burning gaze ...
... This knight is unknown,
Silent and dull
Was dressed over a caftan
Lush tiger skin.
The whip in his hand was visible,
All wrapped in gold
The sword was attached to the belt
On an oblong belt ...
His speech is pompously enthusiastic, powerful, embellished with numerous epithets. Tariel is a man who is fearless and courageous in battle, who values ​​and respects friendship, who never let his friends down, who always fought for good. He sees his purpose in life as living it honestly and happily, doing good, and dying with dignity. He loved Nestan-Darejan, the daughter of King Farsadan, with sincere, pure love. And when she was kidnapped by the kaji, he searched for her for many years, did not find her and decided to live the rest of his days in the forest, among forest animals. But his friend, Avtandil, helped him find his bride, and together with Fridon, the king of Mulgazanzar, they freed Nestan from the fortress of Kaji. Avtandil was his most devoted friend:
... Separated from Tariel,
Avtandil is crying on the road:
"Woe is me! In anguish and torment
The long journey has begun again.
It is also difficult for us to part
Like a date after death."
In Tariel, Rustaveli wanted to show a wise, faithful fighter for good, who would never leave his friends in trouble. Heroes like Tariel are worthy of emulation.

"The Knight in the Panther's Skin"- epic poem written by Shota Rustaveli

Once upon a time, Arabia was ruled by the fair king Rostevan, who had his only beloved daughter, the beautiful Tinatin. The king, foreseeing that his earthly clock was already running out, once informed his viziers that he was transferring the throne to his daughter, and they humbly accepted his decision.

When Tinatin ascended the throne, Rostevan and his faithful commander and beloved pupil Avtandil, who had long been in love with Tinatin, went hunting. Having fun with this favorite pastime, they suddenly noticed a lonely, saddened horseman in a tiger skin in the distance. Sad wanderer Burning with curiosity, they sent a messenger to the stranger, but he did not obey the call of the Arabian king. Rostevan was offended and very angry, and sent twelve of the best warriors after him, but he scattered them and did not let them capture him. Then the king himself went to him with the faithful Avtandil, but the stranger, spurring his horse, disappeared as suddenly as he appeared.

Rostevan, returning home, on the advice of his daughter Tinatin, sends the most reliable people to look for a stranger and find out who he is, where he came from in their area. The messengers of the king traveled all over the country, but never found a warrior in a tiger skin. Tinatin, seeing how his father is puzzled by the search for this mysterious man, calls Avtandil to him and asks him to find this strange rider in three years, and if he fulfills this request, she will agree to become his wife. Avtandil agrees and sets off on the road.

For three whole years Avtandil wandered all over the world, but never found him. And then one day, when he decided to go back home, he met six wounded travelers who were rebuffed by a warrior dressed in a tiger skin. Avtandil again went in search of him, and one day, looking around, climbing a tree, he saw a man in a tiger skin meet a girl named Asmat, she was a slave. Embracing, they cried, their grief was due to the fact that for a very long time they could not find one beautiful maiden. But then the knight set off again. Avtandil met with Asmat and found out from her the secret of this unfortunate knight, whose name was Tariel. Soon after Tariel's return, Avtandil became friends with him, because they were united by one common desire - to serve their loved ones. Avtandil told about his beautiful Tinatin and the condition she set, and Tariel told his very sad story. Love So, once seven kings ruled in Hindustan, six of them considered their lord the wise ruler of Farsadan, who had a beautiful daughter Nestan-Darejan. Tariel's father Saridan was the closest person to this ruler, and revered him as his brother. Therefore, Tariel was brought up at the royal court. He was fifteen years old when his father died, and then the king put him in the place of the main commander. Love quickly arose between the young Nestan and Tariel. But her parents have already looked after the son of the Shah of Khorezm as grooms. Then the slave Asmat calls to the chambers to her mistress Tariel, where they had a conversation with Nestan. She reproached him that he was inactive, and that soon she would be given in marriage to another. She asks to kill the unwanted guest, and Tariel - to seize the throne. So everything was done. Farsadan was angry and thought that this was the work of his sister, the sorceress Davar, who advised young lovers on such deceit. Davar begins to scold the princess, when some two slaves immediately appear and send Nestan to the ark, and then let him go by sea. Davar, out of grief, plunges a dagger into his chest. From that day on, the princess could not be found anywhere. Tariel goes in search of her, but also does not find her anywhere.

Then the knight met the ruler of Mulgazanzar Nuradin-Fridon, who was at war with his uncle, who wanted to split his country. Tariel becomes twin brothers with him and helps him defeat the enemy. Fridon in one of his conversations mentioned that he saw how a strange ship once sailed to the shore, from where an incomparable beauty emerged. Tariel immediately recognized his Nestan from the description. Saying goodbye to a friend and receiving a black horse as a gift from him, he again sets off in search of his bride. That's how he ended up in a secluded cave, where Avtandil met him, who, satisfied with the story, goes home to Tinatin and Rostevan and wants to tell them about everything, and then go back again to help the knight still find his beautiful Nestan. Return Returning from his native land to the cave, he does not find the sad knight there, Asmat tells him that he again went to look for Nestan. After a while, having overtaken a friend, Avtandil sees that he is mortally wounded after a fight with a lion and a tigress. And help him survive. Now Avtandil himself is looking for Nestan and decides to visit the ruler of Fridon to learn more about the story of the beautiful girl. Later, he met with a caravan merchant, whose leader was Usam. Avtandil helped him cope with the sea robbers and then, dressed in a simple dress to hide from prying eyes, pretended to be the head of a merchant caravan.

After a while they arrived in the heavenly city of Gulansharo. From the wife of a very rich nobleman, Fatma, he learns that this woman bought the sun-eyed beauty from the robbers and hid her, but then she could not stand it and told her husband about her, who wanted to make her the bride of the local king, bringing the girl to him as a gift. But the captive managed to escape, and Fatma herself helped her. However, as it turned out later, she was captured again, and Fatma, who also began to look for her, heard rumors that now this beauty was engaged to Prince Kadzheti. His aunt Dularzhukht, who ruled instead of her brother, went to the funeral of her witch sister, and gathered all the sorcerers and sorcerers for this ceremony. Reunion of lovers' hearts While she was gone, Avtandil, Fridona, along with her beloved Nestan Tiriel, came to the fortress of Kajeti. Many adventures awaited these friends. However, soon, finally, the long-suffering hearts of lovers united. And then there was the wedding of Avtandil with Tinatin, and after them Tariel and Nestan got married. Faithful friends sat on their thrones and began to rule gloriously: Tariel in Hindustan, Avtandil in Arabia, and Fridon in Mulgazanzar.

main characters

• Rostevan - King of Arabia
• Tinatin - daughter of Rostevan, beloved of Avtandil
• Avtandil - commander in Arabia
• Socrates - one of the viziers of Rostevan
• Tariel - a knight in a tiger skin
• Shermadin - servant of Avtandil, who led the patrimony in his absence
• Asmat - slave of Nestan-Darejan
• Farsadan - Indian king
• Nestan-Darejan - daughter of Farsadan, beloved of Tariel
• Davar - sister of Farsadan, teacher of Nestan-Darejan
• Ramaz - the ruler of Khatavs
• Nuradin-Fridon - ruler of Mulgazanzar, friend of Tariel and Avtandil
• Usam - the captain of the sailors whom Avtandil saved from pirates
• Melik Surkhavi - king of Gulansharo
• Usen - Head of Gulansharo Merchants
• Patma - Usen's wife
• Dulardukht - queen of Kajeti
• Rosan and Rodya - Dulardukht's nephews, Dulardukht wanted to marry Nestan-Darejan to Rostan
• Roshak - Warlord of the Kajeti