Every cultured person should know the history of his people, especially since it is periodically repeated. The cyclic nature of history has been proven and argued. Therefore, it is important to know what happened in the native land, how it affected economically.

Unfortunately, history has often been changed or rewritten, so it is no longer possible to find out reliable facts. Let's talk briefly about the most important thing in the Mongol-Tatar invasion of Russia and its consequences in the formation of the state. The article briefly outlines the most important events of those times. Where to find all the nuances, we will tell at the end of the article.

Mongol-Tatar yoke

In 1206, Genghis Khan was recognized as the ruler by all the Mongols. He was a rather talented leader, as in a short time he assembled a strong, invincible army. The army conquered the East (China and neighboring countries), and then rushed to Russia.

On May 31, 1223, a terrible, crushing battle took place on the Kalka River, in which the united army of the South Russian and Polovtsian princes was defeated. However, a year later, Genghis Khan died, and his eldest son Jochi also died. As a result, until 1236 there was neither a rumor nor a spirit about the Mongols in Russia. However, soon Batu decided to continue to implement his grandfather's plan and conquer the same land from sea to sea (from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic)

As soon as the thousands of troops of the Golden Horde set foot on Russian soil, pogroms and devastation of the land began. The Horde immediately began to burn villages and kill civilians. After the pogroms, only ashes remained, instead of cities or villages. Thus began the Mongol invasion of Russia.

Looking at the historical map for grade 10, you can see that the Mongolian army reached Poland, the Czech Republic, and then stopped, settled in place. Russian princes received charters allowing them to manage their estates.

In fact, the country continued to live its normal life, but now it was necessary to regularly pay tribute to the khan. Throughout the entire period of subjugation to the Golden Horde, there are several significant events. One of the key is. The official end of the Mongol-Tatar yoke dates back to 1480. More about the dates of the beginning and end of this historical phenomenon.

Reasons for the capture of Russia

The main reason for the spread of the power of the Horde was that the Russian principalities were disunited. Each of them pursued their own interests. This led to division, there was no single strong army.

The conquerors, on the other hand, had a fairly large army, which was equipped with the best weapons, which they borrowed, including from Northern China. The Mongols also had sufficient experience in conquering lands.

In the army of the Horde, each soldier was brought up from childhood, so their discipline and skill were at a high level. It was not difficult for the Mongols to get Russian lands.

Stages of the Mongol invasion:

Campaigns of Batu

• 1236 - the conquest of the Volga Bulgaria.

The first campaign of Batu December 1237 to April 1238

• In December 1237, a victory was made over the Polovtsians near the Don.
• Later, the Ryazan principality fell. After six days of assault, Ryazan was wrecked.
• Then the Mongol army destroyed Kolomna with Moscow.
• In February 1238, Vladimir was besieged. The prince of this city tried to adequately repulse the armyBatu, but four days later the city was taken by storm. Vladimir was burned, and the prince's family burned alive in their shelter.
• In March 1238, the Mongols changed tactics, they were divided into several detachments. Part went to the river Sit, and the rest to Torzhok. Before reaching Novgorod, the army of the Mongol-Tatars turned back, but in the city of Kozelsk they met strong resistance. The townspeople bravely resisted the army for seven weeks, but were soon defeated. The invaders razed the city to the ground.

The second campaign of Batu 1239 - 1240

• In the spring of 1239, the Mongol-Tatar army reached the southern part of Russia. Pereslavl was defeated in March.
• Then Chernigov fell.

In the autumn of 1240, the main forces of Batu's army began the siege of Kyiv. However, under the wise guidanceDaniil Romanovich Galitsky, for about three months the Mongol army managed to be held. The conquering troops still captured the city, but suffered heavy losses.

In the spring of 1241, Batu's army was about to march on Europe, but turned towards the Lower Volga. The army no longer dared to make new campaigns.

Effects

The territory of Russia was completely devastated. Cities were plundered or burned, the inhabitants were taken prisoner. Not all cities were restored after the invasion. The captured Russian territories were not included in the Golden Horde. However, tribute had to be paid annually.

Khan had the right to leave control to the Russian princes, giving them his letters-labels. The development of the economy and culture of Russia slowed down significantly. This happened due to destruction, pogroms, a reduction in the number of craftsmen or artisans.

Given the century in which these events took place, we can conclude that the development of the Russian state lags significantly behind European countries. Economically, the country was thrown back several hundred years ago. This was reflected in the further history of the country.

The Mongol yoke - fact or fiction?

Some literate scholars believe that the Mongol-Tatar yoke is just a myth. They believe that it was invented for a specific purpose.

It is impossible to imagine that the Mongols, who were accustomed to living in a warm environment, could withstand the harsh Russian winters well. It is interesting that the Mongols themselves learned about the Tatar-Mongol yoke from Europeans. The theory, archaeological data and conjectures say that something completely different could be hidden behind the Mongol-Tatar invasion.

For example, the mathematician Fomenko claimed that the Mongol yoke was invented in the 18th century. But this is all in the realm of fantasy. The city of Sarai-batu is currently an archaeological site and it is safe to say that there was a Mongol yoke.

True, the assessment of this yoke is very different for all historians. For example, academician Lev Gumilyov argued that the yoke is not a decline, but rather a cultural dialogue, a symbiosis of Russian Orthodox and Mongolian civilization, that the Mongols, they say, enriched Russian culture. This does not take into account the obvious campaigns of the Mongol troops against Russia as a punishment for the uprisings.

History says that Russia fought many wars and battles. There was an invasion of the Crusaders, Alexander Nevsky's struggle with them, other wars or tragic events. But the Mongol-Tatar yoke was one of the most tragic and lengthy incidents in history. It is an example of the fact that disunity within a country always leads to the victory of the invaders.

Knowing the historical past of its people, in what century the invasion took place, you can be sure that Russia will no longer repeat the mistakes that lead to tragic or fatal events that bring grief to the people and economic decline to the state.

In conclusion, I would like to say that in this article we have only touched on this vast topic. Our training courses have an hour-long video tutorial in which we analyze all the nuances of this serious topic. 90 points for the story is the average result of the guys after our courses. .

A1. The main goal of the Horde policy in Russia was (a)
1) receiving various types of tributes and slaves
2) maintaining a constant princely strife
3) strengthening the power of one prince
4) organization of effective counteraction to the West
A2. The return of Batu to the Steppe from Europe in 1242 was caused
1) uprisings in Russia
2) the famine that came in Europe
3) the unification of Europe in the face of aggression
4) internal strife in the Mongol Empire

A3. The battle on the Kalka was called
1) the attack of the Horde on the Polovtsy
2) the attack of the Horde on Russian lands
3) awareness by the Russian princes of the Horde danger
4) Horde threat to the Volga trade route
A4. The invasion of Batu into Russia and the establishment of Horde dominion took place in
1) X century. 2) XII century.
3) XIII century. 4) XIV century.

A5. Earlier than others, the invasion of Russian lands took place
1) Mamaia 2) German knights
3) Batu 4) Genghis Khan
A6. Read an excerpt from the work of a modern historian and indicate which khan's campaign is in question.
“Having given his army the opportunity to gather forces in the steppes of the Northern Black Sea and Volga regions and having received reinforcements from the east, __ continued the march to the west. Chernigov and Pereyaslavl were destroyed ... Kyiv fell after the siege ... Then ___ walked through the Galicia-Volyn land with fire and sword, defeated Hungary, Poland, Croatia. The army of knights sent to meet the Mongols by the emperor of Germany was defeated.
1) Genghis Khan 2) Tokhtamysh
3) Mamaia 4) Batu

A7. The first campaign of Khan Batu to Russia in 1237-1238. led to
1) the ruin of Veliky Novgorod
2) the defeat of Kyiv
3) the ruin of a significant part of the North-Eastern lands of Russia
4) the defeat of the cities of Galicia-Volyn principality
A8. Read the extract from the document and indicate the city in question.
“... Since then, the Tatars have called his city evil, because they fought around it for seven weeks, and killed the three sons of Temnikov from the Tatars under it. The Tatars were looking for them and could not find them among the many corpses ... "
1) Vladimir 2) Ryazan
3) Galich 4) Kozelsk

A9. The Mongolian state led by Genghis Khan was formed in
1) XVI century. 2) XIII century.
3) XVII century. 4) XV century.
A10. Batu, who led the campaign of the Mongol-Tatars in Russia, was:
1) son of Genghis Khan 2) grandson of Genghis Khan
3) great-grandson of Genghis Khan

A11. One of the duties of dependent peasants was called
1) corvée 2) share-cropping
3) bail 4) service
A12. Wars between feudal lords during the period of feudal fragmentation of Russia were called
1) polyudem 2) strife
3) scolding 4) brother

A13. What was the name of the community among the Eastern Slavs?
1) polyudie
2) rope
3) elderly
4) camp
A14. Russia became dependent on the Golden Horde as a result
1) the invasion of Khan Batu 2) the campaign of Khan Mamai
3) campaigns of Genghis Khan 4) raids of the Polovtsy

Part 2
1. Match the term and its explanation.
Term
Explanation

1) Baskak
2) Exit
3) Temnik
4) Label
A) Mongolian commander
B) Khan's letter, which gave the right to Russian princes to rule in their principalities
C) Representative of the Horde Khan in Russia
D) Regular tribute collected in Russia for the Khan of the Golden Horde

1
2
3
4

2. Find in the list the facts that testified to the political and economic dependence of Russia on the Golden Horde, mark them with numbers.
1) Payment of widespread and regular tribute.
2) The receipt by each Russian prince of khan's letters to his possessions.
3) The presence of khan governors in Russian cities.
4) Humiliation and murder of Russian princes in the Horde.
5) Extraordinary payments to the Horde khans.
6) The obligation to supply Russians to
warriors to the Horde troops, to take part in their military campaigns.
7) Maintenance of Horde officials and ambassadors with their retinues.
8) The obligatory presence of the Horde ambassadors at the solemn erection of Russian princes to the throne.
9) Regular punitive campaigns of the Horde against Russia.
10) Arbitrary change of the borders of the Russian principalities by the Horde khans.
Political dependency
Economic dependency

3. Name at least three reasons for the victories of the Mongol-Tatars over Russian squads in the 13th century. Give at least three names of cities devastated during the invasion of Batu in Russia.

4. What are the consequences of the Mongol invasion of Russia in the XIII century.

5. Fill in the table
the date
Direction
Effects

1) 1206 - 1211
East Asia

2) 1211-1215

Conquest. Removed military equipment and specialists

3)
middle Asia
Conquest. Brutal destruction of cities.

6. Continue: 1243-1480 in Russia, the Horde yoke is being established - this is
7. Write the name and date of the event reflected in the diagram.

8. Continue: feudal fragmentation is

A1. one
A11. one

A2. 4
A12. 2

A3. one
A13. 2

A4. 3
A14. one

1. 2b
1
2
3
4

AT
G
BUT
B

2. 3b
5-7 correct - 1b
8-9 correct - 2b
10 correct - 3b
Political dependency
Economic dependency

2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10
1, 5, 7

3. Name at least three reasons for the victories of the Mongol-Tatars over Russian squads in the 13th century. Give at least three names of cities devastated during the invasion of Batu in Russia. 3b
1. The following reasons can be named:
1) weakening of Russian lands due to political fragmentation;
2) the Mongols are warriors since childhood, good riders;
3) strict discipline in the Mongolian army;
4) collective responsibility for behavior in battle (according to Yasa);
5) special combat techniques, military talent of the Mongolian military leaders;
6) the use of siege equipment, which the Mongols met in China.
2. The following cities can be specified:
Ryazan, Kolomna, Moscow, Vladimir, Kozelsk, Chernigov, Kyiv, etc.
4. What are the consequences of the Mongol invasion of Russia in the XIII century. 2b
The following consequences can be named:
1) plunder and devastation of most of the Russian lands;
2) the destruction of many cities - the basis of the political and cultural life of Russia;
3) the death of many artisans and their captivity, which led to the loss of many types of crafts;
4) a sharp decline in the population of the country;
5) the constant outflow of significant material resources to the Horde;
6) violation of ties with other countries;
7) the death of many princes and warriors - professional soldiers.
5. 2b
1. The conquest of the Kirghiz, Buryats, Yakuts, Uighurs. The defeat of the Tangut kingdom.
2. China
3. 1219-1221
6. Continue: the Horde yoke (1243-1480) the system of exploitation of Russian lands by the Mongol-Tatar conquerors. Established as a result of the invasion of Batu. 2b
7. May 31, 1223 on the river. Kalke 2b
8. Continue: feudal fragmentation is the period of the XII - XV centuries. which is characterized by: the weakening of the central government and the strengthening of the power of large feudal lords. 2b

Criteria
32-30 – 5
29-25 – 4
24-16 – 3

13PAGE 14215

Scheme of the battle on KalkaFigure 2Scheme of the battle on Kalka15

1. The powerful state of the steppe nomads - the Turkic-Mongolian tribes - developed by ... a) the 9th century; b) X century; c) XI century; d) XIII century. 2. The Mongolian state was formed on the territory ... a) Trans-Volga; b) the Urals and Western Siberia; c) Transbaikalia and the Gobi desert; d) Central Asia. 3. The main occupation of the Mongols... a) arable farming; b) maritime trade; c) nomadic cattle breeding; d) craft. 4. The name of the unifier of the Mongolian tribes, the first great khan of the Mongolian steppe - Genghis Khan... a) Ogedei; b) Urus; c) Temujin; d) Burke. 5. The strength of the Mongol army consisted, among other things, in the presence of ... a) numerous infantry; b) experienced and well-aimed crossbowmen; c) cavalry of knights clad in heavy armor; d) numerous cavalry and Chinese siege equipment. 6. A landmark battle between the Russian-Polovtsian troops and the Mongols took place on the river a) Lipitsa; b) Sheloni; c) Kayala; d) Kalke. 7. The princes who took part in the battle on the Kalka, 1) Mstislav Chernigov; 2) Mstislav Udaloy Galitsky; 3) Mstislav of Kyiv; 4) Yuri Vladimirsky; 5) Alexander Nevsky. Answer options: a) 1, 2, 3; b) 2, 3, 5; c) 3, 4, 5; d) 1, 4, 5. 8. After the division of the empire of Genghis Khan, its western part - the ulus of Jochi - went to ... a) Ogedei; b) Burke; c) Chagatai; d) Batu. 9. Batu Khan was Genghis Khan ... a) son; b) grandson; c) great-grandson; d) nephew. 10. Does not apply to the monuments of ancient Russian literature of the XII-XIII centuries. ... a) "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"; b) "Word" and "Prayer" by Daniil Zatochnik; c) "Journey beyond three seas" by A. Nikitin; d) "Word about the destruction of the Russian land". 11. The defeat of Batu Volga Bulgaria refers to ... a) 1206; b) 1236; c) 1240; d) 1242. 12. In 1237, a campaign against Russia was undertaken by... a) Genghis Khan; b) Batu; c) Tokhtamysh; d) Mom. 13. The first of the Russian cities that fell under the blow of Batu's troops: a) Moscow; b) Kolomna; c) Ryazan; d) Novgorod. 14. The hero of the struggle of the Russian lands with the Horde invasion, about the detachment of which the Tatar commanders told Batu: "We have been with many kings, in many lands, in many battles, but we have not seen such daring and frisky people, and our fathers did not tell us. These are people winged, they do not know death, and so firmly and courageously, riding horses, they fight - one with a thousand, and two with darkness "... a) Mstislav Udaloy; b) Yuri Ingvarevich; c) Evpatiy Kolovrat; d) governor Dmitry. 15. The capital of the Mongol state was a city located in the steppes... a) Urgench; b) Karakorum; c) Samarkand; d) Modjars. 16. The foundation of the Golden Horde by Batu Khan refers to. .. a) 1236; b) 1240; c) 1243; d) 1252. 17. The reasons for the defeat of Russia in the fight against the Mongol-Tatar invaders cannot be called ... a) the numerical superiority of the Mongol-Tatars; b) feudal fragmentation of Russian lands; c) inconsistency in the actions of the Russian princes; d) German-Swedish aggression in the northern borders of the country. 18. Choose the correct statement: a) as a result of the Mongol-Tatar invasion, Russia was included in the Golden Horde; b) as a result of the Mongol-Tatar invasion, Russia became dependent on the Golden Horde, expressed mainly in the payment of tribute to the Horde khans; c) as a result of the Mongol-Tatar invasion, Russia defended its independence; d) as a result of the Mongol-Tatar invasion, the nature of the socio-economic development of the Russian lands changed radically. 19. The consequences of the Mongol-Tatar invasion cannot be attributed ... a) the death of a significant part of the country's population; b) a slowdown in the development of handicrafts and trade; c) the final transfer of the political center of the Russian lands from Kyiv to Vladimir; d) the cessation of princely strife. 20. As a result of the Mongol invasion of Russia ... 1) most of the cities were burned; 2) arable land has been abandoned; 3) a military-political alliance with the Horde was established; 4) most of the princes and governor died; 5) most of the land was not affected. Answer options: a) 1, 2, 4; b) 2, 3, 5; c) 3, 4, 5; d) 1, 4, 5. 21. The yoke is ... a) the domination of the Horde over the Russian lands; b) a certificate for the right to collect tribute from the lands; c) the name of the state founded by Batu; d) the amount of tax paid by Russia. 22. A charter that allowed the princes to rule and collect taxes in their land, given by the Horde khans: a) yoke; b) exit; c) label; d) basma. 23. Horde officials who monitored the collection of tribute: a) besermen; b) backs; c) Basques; d) emirs. 24. Landowners who received letters of protection from the Horde khans and did not pay taxes: a) peasants; b) the Grand Duke; c) boyars; d) a church. 25. The main type of feudal rent in the XIV-XV centuries: a) in kind; b) development; c) monetary; d) month. 26. Batu Khan gave Alexander Nevsky a label for the great reign of Vladimir in ... a) 1246; b) 1252; c) 1257; d) 1262. 27. In 1257 Alexander Nevsky... a) raised an uprising against Batu; b) did not support his brother Andrei of Suzdal in the fight against the Horde; c) assisted the Baskaks in conducting a population census in Novgorod; d) made a successful campaign against the Swedes. 28. reasons for the successful revival of North-Eastern Russia: 1) Horde pogroms more often occurred in the south; 2) the Horde tribute collectors never came here; 3) the lands were protected from the onslaught of western neighbors; 4) there was an active influx of inhabitants from other lands; 5) there were no princely strife in these lands. Answer options: a) 1, 3, 4; b) 2, 3, 5; c) 3, 4, 5; d) 1, 4, 5. 29. The role of the Russian Orthodox Church during the period of the Horde yoke: 1) monasteries and parishes contributed to the restoration of the economy; 2) monasteries supported princely strife; 3) chronicles and icon painting were restored in monasteries; 4) church leaders contributed to the fragmentation of lands and their decline; 5) thanks to the founding of new monasteries, new villages and villages arose. Answer options: a) 1, 3, 4; b) 2, 3, 5; c) 3, 4, 5; d) 1, 3, 5. 30. Posad people were called: a) criminals imprisoned in the dungeons; b) monks placed in cells; c) city artisans and merchants; d) nobles stationed on princely lands. 31. A new form of large-scale land ownership that developed during the period of restoration of the Russian land after the Horde invasion: a) patrimony; b) rope; c) an estate; d) a monastery. 32. On the bottom rung of the social ladder in the XIV-XV centuries. the most disenfranchised stood: a) silversmiths; b) old-timers; c) townspeople; d) fools. 33. After the Mongol invasion... a) many old centers fell into decay; b) the center of power again moved to Kyiv; c) Tver became the only center that retained its independence; d) North-Eastern Russia was under the rule of Lithuania. 34. In the XIV century. the western Russian lands, as well as the Kiev and Chernigov principalities, came under the rule of: a) the Golden Horde; b) Hungary; c) Poland; d) Lithuania. 35. The founder of the Moscow princely house was the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky: a) Daniel; b) Yuri; c) Yaroslav; d) Michael. 36. Moscow prince, the first to take the title "Sovereign of All Russia": a) Dmitry Donskoy; b) Vasily the Dark; c) Ivan III; d) Ivan IV. 37. Contemporaries were ... a) Yuri Dolgoruky and Daniil Galitsky; b) Alexander Nevsky and Genghis Khan; c) Ivan Kalita and Tokhtamysh; d) Dmitry Donskoy and Mamai. 38. During the reign of Dmitry Donskoy ... a) the first major victories were won over the Mongol-Tatars on the Vozha River and Kulikovo Field; b) the Mongol-Tatar yoke was liquidated; c) the process of formation of the Russian centralized state was completed; d) a victory was won over the Mongol-Tatars on the Ugra River. 39. The first of the Moscow princes, who passed on the great reign by inheritance, without asking for the khan's label, was. .. a) Ivan Kalita; b) Dmitry Donskoy; c) Vasily the Dark; d) Ivan III.

"Feudal fragmentation." "Mongol-Tatar invasion of Russia"

Option 1

A1. What was the reason for the victory of the Mongol army in the battle on the Kalka River?

1) in the inconsistency of the actions of the Russian troops 2) in the presence of firearms among the Mongols

3) in a decrease in the water level in the river due to a dry summer 4) in the refusal of the Russian princes to come to the aid of the Polovtsy

Batu came to Kiev with great force, with many, many warriors. Batu was near the city, and his soldiers surrounded the city. And it was impossible to hear voices from the creaking of his carts, from the roar of many of his camels, the neighing of herds of his horses, and the whole Russian land was filled with warriors.

A3. Which city was not taken during the Mongol-Tatar invasion of Russia?

1) Kozelsk 2) Veliky Novgorod 3) Ryazan 4) Vladimir

A4. What happened as a result of Batu's campaign against Russia?

1) the Russian lands were again united under the rule of the Kiev princes 2) the borders of the Mongolian state reached the shores of the Adriatic Sea 3) the Russian lands were devastated 4) a period of feudal fragmentation began in Russia

A.5 The military-administrative organization of the Turkic and Mongolian peoples: a) tumen c) tamga b) horde d) tarkhan

A.6 When did Genghis Khan capture Central Asia?

A) 1212 - 1213 c) 1219 - 1220 b) 1216 - 1217 d) 1222 - 1223

A.7. The Galician prince's name was: a) Mstislav Udaloy b) Mstislav Romanovich c) Daniil Romanovich d) Mstislav Svyatoslavich

A.8. The battle on the Kalka River took place in:

a) 1220g c) 1222g

B) 1221g d) 1223g

A.9 Tribal elders among the Mongols were called: a) arats b) khans c) nukers d) noyons

A.10 Rostov-Suzdal Principality:

1) feudal republic;

2) early feudal monarchy;

3) absolute monarchy;

4) estate-representative monarchy.

A.11. The name falls out of the logical series ...

1) Mstislav the Great;

2) Yuri Dolgoruky;

3) Andrei Bogolyubsky;

4) Vsevolod the Big Nest

A.12. To the consequences of the Tatar-Mongolian

invasion cannot be attributed ...

1) the death of a significant part of the population

countries;

2) a slowdown in the development of handicrafts and

trade;

3) final movement

political center of the Russian lands

Kyiv to Vladimir;

4) the cessation of princely strife.

13. Contemporaries were ...

1) Alexander Nevsky and Genghis Khan;

2) Yuri Dolgoruky and Daniil Galitsky;

3) Daniil Galitsky and Alexander Nevsky

4) Vsevolod the Big Nest and Batu

IN 1. Founder of the Mongolian state _______________________________

IN 2 What foreign policy event of the 13th century is described in the following passage from the Ipatiev Chronicle? (indicate the date) “Their first invasion was on the Ryazan land, and they took the city of Ryazan by storm, lured out Prince Yuri by deceit and brought him to Pronsk, because his princess was at that time in Pronsk. They deceived the princess, and killed Prince Yuri and his princess, and killed all the inhabitants of his land, did not spare children, even infants.

B.3 Indicate which dates apply to:

1. The period of the struggle of the Russian principalities against the aggression of the German and Swedish knights.
2. The period of the Mongol-Tatar conquest.

g) 1202 h) 1240

at 4. Define terms

Baskak, ulus, senior squad, thousand, posadnik "Horde exit"

Option 2

A1. Where did the first meeting of Russian squads with the Mongol-Tatars take place?

1) on the Kalka River 2) on the Volga River 3) on the City River 4) on the banks of Lake Ilmen

A2. When did the events described in the chronicle take place?

The godless Tsar Batu came to the Russian land with many Tatar soldiers and stood on the river in Voronezh near the land of Ryazan. And he sent unlucky ambassadors to Ryazan to the Grand Duke Yuri Igorevich Ryazansky, demanding from him a tenth of everything: in princes, and in all sorts of people, and in the rest. And the Grand Duke Yuri Igorevich of Ryazan heard about the invasion of the godless Tsar Batu, and immediately sent to the city of Vladimir to the noble Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich of Vladimir, asking him for help against the godless Tsar Batu or to go to him himself.

1) in 1223 2) in 1237 3) in 1240 4) in 1242

A3. What caused the defeat of the Russian troops in the fight against the Mongol-Tatars? 1) bad weather conditions 2) lack of cavalry among the Russian princes 3) feudal fragmentation in Russia 4) military assistance that the Polovtsians provided to the Mongols

A4. Why were the Mongol-Tatars unable to conquer the countries of Central Europe?

1) they did not know how to overcome water barriers 2) they had a small army 3) the Russian people put up fierce resistance to the invaders 4) the Normans helped the inhabitants of Central Europe

A.5. Kurultai is:

A) territory c) city

b) congress of leaders d) military unit

A.6. In 1211, Genghis Khan attacked:

A) Northern Iran c) Northern China b) Azerbaijan d) Northern Caucasus

A.7 Temuchen was proclaimed Genghis Khan in:

A) 1204 - 1205 c) 1206 - 1207 b) 1205 - 1206 d) 1207 - 1208

A.8. Mong. the khans decided to march "to the last sea" in:

A) 1221g c) 1231g b) 1227g d) 1235g

A.9. In 1227, at the head of the Western Ulus of the Mongol Empire stood: a) Jochi c) Jebe b) Batu d) Subede

A.10. The reasons for the feudal fragmentation of Russia do not include:

1) the emergence of patrimonial land ownership; 2) the growth of cities;

3) the natural nature of the economy; 4) Polovtsian raids.

A.11 Under him, the Galician principality reached

at its peak:

1) Yuri Dolgoruky

2) Roman Mstislavich;

3) Daniil Romanovich;

4) Yaroslav Osmomysl

A12. Alexander Nevsky had the title ...

1) Novgorod mayor;

2) the Grand Duke of Vladimir;

3) king;

4) khan.

IN 1. The city that Batu called "evil" -

IN 2. . What event is the chronicler talking about?

“And “Prince Alexander” went with his brother Andrei and with the Novgorodians and Suzdalians to the German land with great strength so that the Germans would not boast, saying “we will humiliate the Slovenian language.” The great prince set up an army on Lake Peipus on Uzmen, at the Raven stone, and,

prepared for battle, went against them. The troops converged on Lake Peipus; there were plenty of those and others. It was then the Sabbath day, and at sunrise they converged

both troops. And there was an evil and great slaughter for the Germans and Chud, and the crack of breaking spears and the sound of blows from swords was heard, so that the ice on the frozen lake broke, and not

ice was visible, because it was covered with blood ... And the Germans turned to flight, and the Russians drove them with a fight as if through the air ... they beat them 7 miles across the ice to the Subolitsky coast, and

500 Germans fell, and countless Chuds, and captured 50 of the best German governors and brought them to Novgorod, and other Germans drowned in the lake, because it was spring ... "

B.3 Indicate what reasons caused:

Conquest campaigns of the Mongol-Tatars in Russia and Western Europe.

The rapid conquest of Russian lands by the Mongol-Tatars.

a) Strict discipline of the Mongol-Tatars;

b) The desire to expand their possessions at the expense of neighbors;

c) Lack of unity of the Russian principalities;

d) The need to expand pastures;

e) The possibility of enrichment as a result of military campaigns;

e) Princely strife.

B.4 Define concepts

patrimony, fresco, senior squad, ulus, cross-domed structure, label,

1. Instruction. Choose a yes or no answer. (If you agree with the statement - "yes", and if you do not agree - "no".) Task. The influence of the Mongol-Tatar invasion on ancient Russian culture: Answer options: yes No yes No yes No yes No yes No yes No - Russia began to lag behind a number of European countries economically and culturally - Russia centralized, which the Horde rulers consciously contributed to - most of the Russian princes died and combatants-boyars, thousands of peasants and townspeople - entire crafts disappeared, the secrets of craftsmanship were lost - there was an interpenetration of two cultures that had a beneficial effect on their own development - the invasion had a positive impact on the entire history of Russia, accelerating its development for a long time Answer: yes - no - yes - yes - no no. 2. Instruction. Give the number of the correct answer. Exercise. The territory of settlement of which Mongolian ethnic group is shown on the map? Answer options: 1. Seljuks. 2. Kereites. 3. Merkits. 4. Naimans. Answer: 1. 3. Instruction. Give the number of the correct answer. Exercise. What battle is shown on the map? Answer options: 1. Battle on the Kalka. 2. Neva battle. 3. Ice battle. 4. Battle of Kulikovo. Answer: 4. 4. Instruction. Give the number of the correct answer. Exercise. Date of foundation of the Batu Khan rate? Answer options: 1. 1229 2. 1235 3. 1242 4. 1380 Answer: 3. 5. Instruction. Give the number of the correct answer. Exercise. Which ulus was assigned to conquer Russia? Answer options: 1. Jisakhchi. 2. Jaga. 3. Dzhusich. 4. Jochi. Answer: 4. 6. Instruction. Give the number of the correct answer. Exercise. At what stage of development was the Golden Horde during the conquest of Russia? Answer options: 1. Agrarian society. 2. Primitiveness. 3. Military democracy. 4. Slavery. Answer: 3. 7. Instruction. Give the number of the correct answer. Exercise. What are these archaeological finds from the Karakorum? Answer options: 1. Shilya. 2. Arrowheads. 3. Needles. 4. Spearheads. Answer: 2. 8. Instruction. Give the number of the correct answer. Exercise. Miniatures from which chronicle are shown below? Answer options: 1. The story of Boris and Gleb. 2. A word about the destruction of the Russian land. 3. Zadonshchina. 4. The legend of the Mamaev battle. Answer: 4. 9. Instruction. Give the number of the correct answer. Exercise. The icon of which saint, who, according to legend, blessed Dmitry Donskoy and his army, is depicted? Answer options: 1. Sergius of Radonezh. 2. Metropolitan Macarius. 3. Epiphanius the Wise. 4. Theodosius of the Caves. Answer: 1. 10. Instruction. Match what is written in columns 1 and 2. Task. To which prince does which battle belong? Princes of the Battle Letter A. Mstislav Udaloy Battle on the Lipitsa River B. Dmitry Donskoy Battle on the Sit River V. Alexander Nevsky Battle on the Ice G. Yuri Vsevolodovich. Battle on the Kalka River Standing on the Ugra River Battle on the Kulikovo Field Answer: -, D, C, A, -, B. 11. Instruction. Match what is written in columns 1 and 2. Exercise. Compare scientists and their opinions on the meaning of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Scientists Opinions A. Karamzin N. M. The Mongol conquests destroyed B. Gumilyov L. N. the basis of veche life V. Solovyov S. M. The yoke was, it had the most the positive influence of the Mongols prevented the rapprochement of Russia with Answer: D, A, C, -, B. There was no Mongol-Tatar yoke in Western Europe in Russia 12. Task. Match the portraits and names of the princes A) B) C) D) Khan Akhmat Dmitry Donskoy Ivan III Temuchin Baty Alexander Nevsky Answer: -, C, -, B, D, A. 13. Instruction. Put them in the correct order (put the corresponding letters in the answer column). Exercise. Place the conquests of the Mongols in chronological order: Answer options: A. Vladimir Answer B. Moscow 1. V. Ryazan 2. G. Torzhok 3. D. Kolomna 4. 5. Correct answer: C, B, D, A, D. 14. Instruction. Put them in the correct order (put the corresponding letters in the answer column). Exercise. Place the conquests of the Mongols in chronological order: Answer options: A. Batu Answer B. Mamai 1. V. Genghis Khan 2. G. Akhmat 3. D. Yesugei 4. 5. Correct answer: D, C, A, B, D. 15. Instruction. Compose a text from fragments A, B, C. Task. A. 1) Genghis Khan died ... 2) At the kurultai in Karakorum ... 3) The hordes of Batu ... B. 1) in 1236 ... 2) in 1227 ... 3) in 1235 ... C. 1) defeated the Volga Bulgaria. 2) it was decided to start a new campaign in Europe. 3) and bequeathed to the Mongols to conquer the whole earth. Correct answer: A1 B2 C3; A2 B3 C2; A3 B1 B1. 16.Instruction. Finish the sentence. Exercise. “Batu in 1243 formed one of the largest states of the Middle Ages on the Lower Volga - ...” Answer. Golden Horde. 17.Instruction. Finish the sentence. Exercise. “In ... the year, Mongolian scribes (“numeralists”) conducted a census of the Russian population to impose tribute” Answer. 1254 18.Instruction. Complete the sentence in free form Task. "Baskak is ..." Answer. The answer is worth 1 point if it contains only the word "representative"; 3 points if there is the word "representative" and the expression "tribute collector"; 5 points, if the expression "who controlled the local princes" is added to all of the above. 19.Instruction. Be the judge in the dispute! Choose and justify the correct answer. Exercise. “Can the Secret History be considered a source on the history of the conquests of the Tatar-Mongols?” Answer options: 1. Yes, because … 2. No, because … Answers justify in free form. Correct answer. Yes, because (the argument follows). 20. Answer the questions: 1 A 1237 B noyons 2 Ivan III 3 XI ​​- early XII centuries. Tumen 4 1240 At the end of the 12th - beginning of the 13th centuries. 1266 Sergius of Radonezh bagatur D yam 1254 slave 1223 Mstislav Udaloy nuker 1380 Dmitry Donskoy barbarians of the XIV century. 1. What does the term in cell A4 mean? (This is the largest tactical unit of the Mongolian army). 2. In which cell is the date of the battle on the Kalka River? (D3). 3. In which cell is the participant of "Standing on the Ugra River" indicated? (A2). 4. The date of which event is indicated in cell B2? (Establishment of the state of the Golden Horde). 5. What does the term in cell D1 mean? (duty to deliver horses to Tatar ambassadors and officials). 6. In which cell is the date of the census of the population of Russia by Batu? (B3). 7. Which cell indicates the approximate date of the beginning of the consolidation of the Mongol tribes under the rule of Temujin? (B1). 8. In which cell is the date of the battle in which Dmitry Donskoy and Mamai participated? (B4)