The sixteenth task of the USE also tests the knowledge of graduates in the field of punctuation. For it you can get one primary point. To prepare for this assignment, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the theoretical material given on this page.

Theory for assignment No. 16 USE in the Russian language

Punctuation marks in participial turnover

Punctuation marks in participial turnover

Other cases of separation

Task execution algorithm

1. Read the assignment carefully.
2. We analyze proposals. We place punctuation marks in the sentence in accordance with the rules of punctuation of the Russian language.
3. Write down the correct answer.

Analysis of typical options for task No. 16 USE in the Russian language

The sixteenth task of the 2018 demo

Put punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).

Returning the original beauty and splendor (1) to the Shuvalov Palace in St. Petersburg (2), the restorers coordinated the stages of their work with specialists (3) who were preparing the opening of the Carl Faberge Museum (4) in its halls, famous for creating unique jewelry.

Task execution algorithm:

1. Restoring the original beauty and splendor of the Shuvalov Palace in St. Petersburg, the restorers coordinated the stages of their work with specialists who were preparing the opening of the Carl Faberge Museum in its halls, famous for creating unique jewelry. No comma is placed under the number 1, since it is in the middle of the adverbial phrase. In place of the number 2 we put a comma, since it separates the adverbial turnover. Commas in place of the numbers 3 and 4 highlight participial phrases that appear after the words being defined.

Answer: 2, 3, 4.

The first version of the assignment

In Liverpool (1) in 1910 (2) the so-called Russian Library (3) was opened, which had a rich collection of books in Russian.

Task execution algorithm:

1. It is necessary to place all punctuation marks and indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should stand.
2. In 1910, the so-called Russian Library was opened in Liverpool, which had a rich collection of books in Russian. A comma separates the participial phrase after the word being defined. The circumstance expressed by indicating the date is not isolated, since it is not a clarification: at the beginning there is a circumstance of place (in Liverpool), then a circumstance of time (in 1910).

The second version of the assignment

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.

In Sorrento (1) M. Gorky rented a villa (2) spacious, but not luxurious (3) to which a road (4) led among citrus plantations and vineyards.

Task execution algorithm:

1. It is necessary to place all punctuation marks and indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should stand.
2. In Sorrento, M. Gorky rented a villa, spacious, but not luxurious, to which a road led through citrus plantations and vineyards. A comma is not placed under the number 1, since the circumstance expressed by a noun with a preposition without the additional meaning of the reason is not isolated. The number 2 denotes a comma separating homogeneous single definitions. In place of the number 3, a comma separates the subordinate part of a complex sentence from the main one. In place of the number 4, we put a comma separating the participial phrase after the word being defined.

Answer: 2, 3, 4.

The third version of the task

Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.

Having received the most complete development in painting and sculpture (1), minimalism (2) interpreted in a broad sense (3) as an economy of artistic means (4) has found application in all types of art.

Task execution algorithm:

1. It is necessary to place all punctuation marks and indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should stand.
2. Having received the most complete development in painting and sculpture, minimalism, interpreted in a broad sense as an economy of artistic means, has found application in all types of art. Under the number 1, a comma separates the participle. The numbers 2 and 4 denote commas that highlight the participial phrase after the word being defined. In place of the number 3, a comma is not put, so as Union how to replace as.

Task 16 USE 2015.

Option 1

1. The headwind (1) that suddenly swooped down on us (2) doused everyone with waves (3) of herbs that had grown mad during the day (4).

2. Ostap (1), inspired by the beauties of the Caucasus (2), shouted something (3) trying (4) to overcome the roar and groans of the Terek.

3. The great strategist (1) with his hands in his pockets (2) walked along the side (3) without noticing Vorobyaninov, who remained on the shore (4).

4. The material (1) collected by the writer for work (2) is stored in notebooks (3) of particular artistic value.

5. Birds (1) occupying sheer cliffs (2) from top to bottom did not pay the slightest attention (3) to the boat passing below (4).

6. Ippolit Matveevich (1) mired in shame (2) stood under the acacia and (3) without looking at the walkers (4) repeated three memorized phrases.

7. Looking around the stage (1), Ippolit Matveyevich saw (2) rectangles hanging from the ceiling (3) (4) painted in the primary colors of the solar spectrum.

8. Having called (1) a short-haired (2) servant in a blue caftan (3), Vasily Ivanovich invited the guests to the house.

9. Tall grass (1) leaning towards the ground (2) gently twisted around (3) rain-soaked (4) tree trunks.

10. Anechka (2), lowering (1) her head, sat motionless in a downy scarf (3) carefully covering (4) her shoulders.

11. We swept the snow off our boots with a broom (1) and (2) somewhat embarrassed (3) entered the house.

12. And the Christmas tree (1) flooded with lights (2) and illuminating everything around (Z) beckoned to pick (4) the flowers and fruits growing on it.

13. To sleep (1) despite the spring frosts (2) moved to the stable (3) closer (4) to the stallions.

14. Emphatically simple geometric shape of the "Black Square"

Malevich (1) not linked to any image or concept (2)

existing (3) in the world before it (4) testified to

absolute freedom of its creator

15. By evening, the fox lay down in a dense and high island of dry horse sorrel (1) and (2) curled up in a reddish-yellow lump near the dark red (3) densely seeded stems (4) patiently waited for the night.

16. But here (1) choosing the moment (2) the sergeant jumped to his feet with a jerk (3) and (4) shouting something (5) rushed head first over the rails (6) immediately disappearing on the other side of the single track.

17. The blizzard subsided (1) scattering with snow (2) through the forest (3) and (4) losing strength (5) whistling quieter (6) and quieter.

18. The clouds crawled slowly (1) then merging (2) then overtaking each other (3) their colors and shapes interfered (4) absorbing themselves (5) and reappearing in new outlines (6) majestic and gloomy.

19. The motley skin of a leopard (1) intercepted by a golden arrow (2) easily hung from a rounded shoulder to a curved hip (3) and (4) shimmering in the sun (5) showedbe a living being.

20. I (1) alarmed (2) and (3) upset to the core (4) sat silently (5) hoping for a favorable outcome.

Test on the topic "Punctuation marks in a simple sentence"

Task 16 USE 2015.

Option 2

16 . Place punctuation marks: enter all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

1. Pleased with such favorable attention (1), the blacksmith already wanted to ask the queen a good question about everything (2) and moved closer (3) wanting to examine her little boots (4) and (5) to state his request.

1. He angrily threw a cigarette butt (1) hissing in a puddle (2) put his hands in the pockets of his unbuttoned coat (3) and (4) bowing his head, which had not yet cleared up from pre-lunch lessons (5) and (6) feeling the weight of a bad dinner in his stomach (7 ) began to walk with concentration and energy.

1. The contours of trees (1) splashed with rain (2) and (3) agitated by the wind (4) began to emerge from the darkness (5) blackening with splayed branches.

1. Mother (1) who did not sleep at night for a minute (2) jumped out of bed (3) and (4) putting fire into the samovar (5) prepared in the evening (6) began to prepare breakfast.

1. The foliage plucked from the trees (1) swirled in a whirlwind (2) and began to rise upwards (3) resembling a flock of multi-colored butterflies (4) flying to bright flowers.

1. The moonlit (1) fog (2) spreading over the hollows and over the river (3) murmuring under the mountain (4) resembles some kind of fabulous creature.

1. Mushroom pickers (1) frightened by the approaching thunderstorm (2) and the suddenly darkened sky (3) rushed to run (4) at breakneck speed.

1. Dawn (1) lit by the rising sun (2) blazed (3) blazing with all shades of scarlet and yellow colors (4) and (5) illuminating everything around.

1. Boys (2) were sitting by a river overgrown with thick bushes (1) talking quietly about something (3) and (4) watching the floats (5) weaving baskets of flexible wicker rods.

1. The environmental movement (1) is gaining strength every year (2) and (3) steadily growing stronger (4) unites adults and children (5) helping Russia to preserve its protected natural areas.

1. Books (1) collected by high school students (2) and donated to a kindergarten (3) made the little ones (4) very happy, who immediately began to look at bright pictures.

1. The archaeologists settled down on the banks of the river (1), which quickly ran to the sea (2) and teeming with fish (3) and (4) setting up tents (5) went to excavations.

1. Curving in a dark arc (1) and frightening with its gloomy appearance (2) stretched the forest (3) entangled with hops (4) littered with fallen trees (5) gloomy (6) and unsociable.

1. Sparrows (1) scattered in flocks of roadside willows (2) shouted joyfully (3) and excitedly (4) telling everyone about the coming spring.

1. It rang (1) swaying in the shade with columns (2) midges (3) burning the body with bites (4) and unbearably annoying.

1. The mill wheel (1) turned lazily, blackened from time (2), collecting (3) sleepily murmuring water (5) into the slowly substituted boxes (4), being afraid to drop an extra drop of precious moisture.

1. Workers (1) brought from the city (2) worked (3) tirelessly (4) remembering the future generous reward.

1. Masha (1), holding both ends of the wet steering rope (2) in one hand, lowered her other hand into the water (3) trying to pick (4) a water lily (5) swaying on the water.

1. Seeing me at the icon painter (1) and (2) wanting to know the details of his little-known art (3), this sad dreamer (4) secluded in himself (5) was very happy.

1. A large convoy of Russian peasants (1) was walking towards them, bringing provisions to Sevastopol (2) and now walking from there (3) filled with sick (4) and wounded soldiers in gray overcoats.

Answers

Task 16 2018 in the Russian language, theory and practice.

detached- this means separated by commas on both sides (or on one, if it is at the end of the sentence). Here it is necessary to repeat what a definition, addition and circumstance are.

Definition- a secondary member of the sentence that answers the question how (oh, oh, oh, ee)?

Circumstance- a secondary member of the sentence, which answers the questions: how? when? how? etc.

Addition- answers questions of indirect cases.

In task 16 a separate definition is participles, adjectives, participial phrases.

Separate circumstances are gerunds, gerunds.

!!!Do not forget: any members of the proposal can be homogeneous. Detached members are no exception. In order not to be mistaken when setting a comma, see task 15 (homogeneous members of a sentence).

Punctuation marks in a simple complicated sentence (homogeneous members of a sentence) and in a compound sentence

Punctuation marks with homogeneous members

Homogeneous members of a sentence- these are words that are the same member of the sentence, depend on the same word and answer the same question.

Homogeneous members in a sentence separated by a comma, if:

1. there are no unions between homogeneous members. For example: Our path lies through Voronezh, Ryazan, Penza.
2. there are repeating unions between homogeneous members: and ... and, or ... or, not that ... not that etc. For example: We collected clothes, books, and dishes.
3. A comma is placed before the second part of the double union like..., so; not only but; not so much ... as; how much ..., so much; although ... but; if not ... then; not only not ... but; not that... but etc. For example: Before us appeared not only courageous warriors, but also beautiful Amazons.

Comma between homogeneous members not put in the following cases:

1. there are single unions between homogeneous members and or yes(in meaning and). For example: Put on a coat or jacket.
2. homogeneous members are a phraseological phrase with repeated unions. For example: and day and night, and laughter and sin, and here and there, neither this nor that, and this and that etc.

Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions.
Homogeneous definitions, expressed by adjectives and participles and standing before the word being defined, are separated from each other by a comma, heterogeneous - are not separated. For example: Bestuzhev removed a green knitted glove from her hand.

Punctuation marks for homogeneous members with a generalizing word

Generalizing words- words that have a common meaning for all homogeneous.

• If the generalizing word is in front of homogeneous members, then a colon is placed between them. For example: Snow lay everywhere: on the roofs, on the benches, on the grass.
• If the generalizing word is after a number of homogeneous members, then a dash is placed between them. For example: In the theater, in the circus, in the cinema - everywhere I was bored.
• If the generalizing word is in front of homogeneous members, but then the sentence continues, then after a number of homogeneous members we put a dash. For example: All world capitals: London, Paris, Rome - have their sights.

• Decide with answers.
• Decide with answers.
• study

Task 16. How easy is it to do?

In task number 16 an offer is given. It should be noted in place of which numbers it is necessary to put commas in it.

This assignment on the topic: isolated members of a sentence. However, most often sentences are given with participial and adverbial phrases.

This site has the theoretical material necessary to complete the task, the reasoning algorithm. Do it all over again.

The easiest way to complete task 16

Participial

Find participial in a sentence. How to do it? Remember that the sacrament answers questions which? what doing? what did he do? what did they do to him? and has suffixes USCH, YUSCH, ASCH, YASHCH, ENN, ANN, YANN, T, VS.

Examples

Chita Yusch yy (what doing?)

read vsh yy (what did he do?

Postro enn wow (what did they do to him?)

Raise t wow (what did they do to him?)

All these words can be asked a question. which? (This participle is like an adjective)

So, the sacrament was found. Now see if there's left and right of him dependent words, that is, those that depend on the sacrament. If there is, then before you participial.

Example

Girl, reading a book with interest .

(What kind of girl? Reading.

Reading how? With interest.

Reading what? book)

Participle reading found by suffix USCH and questions: which? doing what?

To the right and left of the participle there are words to which you can ask a question from the participle, that is, dependent words. It will all come together participial.

look where is the participial turnover in relation to this defined word.

If the participle is worth AFTER of the word being defined, then put commas, highlight the turnover with BOTH sides (do not forget to put a comma after participial turnover).

If the participial turnover is worth BEFORE defined word, there are no commas at all.

Compare:

Girl reading a book.

Reading a book girl.

As you can see, depending on where the word being defined is girl, we either put or not commas.

Remember that there are exceptions, repeat them all in the articles on this site.

Participial turnover

Find gerund. We define it on the following grounds.

Answers the questions AS? WHAT DOING? WHAT DID YOU DO?

Has suffixes I, B, A, LICE

Does not change (this is it looks like an adverb, also has no ending, but immediately ends with a suffix)

Examples

Risu I(doing what?)

Narisova in(doing what?)

Laughing lice sya (doing what?)

Found an adverb. Now we find participial turnover(also look at the words on the right and left, is it possible to ask them a question from the participle)

Example

Young woman, dreaming of entering a prestigious university, diligently engaged in self-training (highlighted words - participial turnover)

So punctuation marks it's much easier here. Participle turnover and even a single participle always separated by commas, i.e. separate from both sides.

Keep in mind that this rule also has exceptions. Read about them on this site, remember all the exceptions.

Two identical turns

• Offers are often offered in which immediately two identical turnover, that is, either two participles, or two participles.
• Remember: if two identical turns are connected union and, then they become homogeneous and comma BETWEEN them not put.

Example

Sergey, seriously thinking about the consequences and after weighing all the pros and cons of the upcoming trip, he decided to take a chance and hit the road.