By turning this platform, you can bend the staples both inward and outward.
The outward fold can be used to temporarily fasten the sheets, in which case the staple can be easily pulled out.
2. What are the numbers on skin care products?
In the description of a cosmetic product, you can find designations such as "6M", "12M" or "24M". They indicate the expiration date of the product after opening the jar. So in the example above, you have about 12 months to use this face cream after you open the jar.
3. Have you ever noticed a hole in a pen cap?
In fact, this hole reduces the risk of suffocation if, for example, a small child accidentally swallows the cap.
4. Have you noticed this line of black dots along the outer edge of a car windshield before?
A band of black dots protects the adhesive sealant that holds the car's windshield in place from the sun's ultraviolet rays. When exposed to ultraviolet radiation, the adhesive is destroyed, so such protection is necessary.
5. Why is this extra pocket on jeans needed?
When jeans were first invented (back in the days of the Wild West), the fifth pocket was absolutely indispensable. This was the place where cowboys and gold diggers kept their pocket watches.
6. Why do we need these buttons on jeans?
Buttons are needed in order to strengthen the jeans in the weakest places and prevent them from fraying.
7. You probably never noticed before, but many tubes have these narrow colored stripes:
For you personally, this color does not matter, because such strips are necessary at the production stage of the product and allow optical sensors to recognize whether the package needs to be cut, bent or pressed.
8. Have you ever wondered why backpacks have such slots?
Such slots are needed in order to pass carabiners, ropes through them and tie additional equipment. Of course, this only applies to special backpacks designed for hiking.
9. You may have already guessed the need for plastic discs in a bottle cap ...
These discs act like seals, preventing the gas in carbonated drinks from evaporating.
10. Why does Heinz insist that the number "57" be in the center of the bottle?
This number indicates the place where you need to knock so that the ketchup comes out of the bottle much easier.
11. What does the small arrow next to the petrol symbol on the car dashboard mean?
The arrow indicates which side of your vehicle the fuel door is on.
12. Why is one side of the invisible hairpin wavy and the other not?
The wavy side is designed to lock and hold the barrette in place.
13. Look closely at your car tires. Do you know what these little protrusions are for?
By looking at these ridges, you can tell if a tire is worn or not, depending on how close the tread pattern is to them.
14. Did you know that a clerical knife can be used on the other hand?
When the blade has worn out, it can be easily removed using the plastic part of the handle.
15. Why do new clothes come with an extra piece of fabric?
It is needed so that the buyer can test different detergents before washing a new item entirely.
16. Why are holes made on rulers?
Known for their inhuman experiments, which they carried out on the unfortunate prisoners of concentration camps
The concept of "pure blood" untied the hands of executioners and murderers, who without a shadow of a doubt use the so-called "human material" for their own purposes.
Strange, but the by-product of these atrocities are things that save lives and are widely used in everyday life. "The Wall" tells about the terrible inventions of the Nazis, which are still used by the whole world.
Life jackets
Disgusting experiments were carried out on people by the "doctor" Sigmund Rascher in the Dachau and Auschwitz camps. He tried to understand exactly how sudden hypothermia affects the body, for which he placed the experimental subjects in ice water.
During the experiments, Rascher found out that hypothermia of the cerebellum kills a person very quickly. And then the Nazis came up with a special life jacket with a headrest to help keep your head above water. The whole world uses these vests today.
Synthetic antibiotics
The invention of synthetic antibiotics, sulfonamides, also happened in the concentration camp. To test the effect of the new drug, the so-called medics cut open the bodies of prisoners and covered the wounds with mud, and then injected them with drugs. Medicine uses sulfanilamide just to help the body cope with sepsis.
Malaria vaccine
Kurt Pletner invented the malaria vaccine while experimenting on prisoners. He deliberately infected the unfortunate by placing them in the same room with malarial mosquitoes.
After the war, Pletner was not only relieved of responsibility, but also taken to the chair of the University of Freiburg - the contribution to science of the inhuman killer was considered too high for execution.
Plasmapheresis
Josef Mengele, nicknamed the "Angel of Death" for his wild experiments, tried to find a way to "racially purify the blood." By his order, thousands of concentration camp prisoners were brutally tortured.
But a by-product of these gruesome experiments was the invention of plasmapheresis, a medical procedure in which blood is cleansed of toxins and re-introduced into the bloodstream.
Volkswagen "Beetle"
Perhaps one of the most recognizable cars in the world was created on the personal orders of Hitler. He gave Daimler and Benz more than 50 million Reichsmarks, and in 1937 the first batch of cars came out of the factory under the Kraft durch Freude (Strength through joy) marking. Then the plant remained under the rule of the British, who re-established the production of cars.
jet engines
Of course, the Third Reich needed the jet engine for only one purpose: to create a superweapon. The world's first jet engine was developed and assembled by the brilliant engineer Wernher von Braun. By the way, after the war, the inventor was secretly transferred to the United States, where he personally supervised the development of the American Explorer shuttle, and then the Saturn-5 launch vehicle, which was used in the lunar program.
Coca-Cola in the Third Reich was not loved so much that it completely banned the import of the drink's ingredients into the country. However, the Coca-Cola plant remained and it had to work somehow.
The director of the enterprise came up with a completely new drink and called it "Fanta" - the manufacturing technology has changed dramatically today, but the brand has remained the same.
It is known that knives with a serrated surface are designed for soft bread. But many on the farm have a miniature version - with a forked tip. This knife is for tomatoes. It is convenient for them to cut not only tomatoes, but also other vegetables and fruits with hard skins and tender flesh. And the forked blade is designed to lift and mix the sliced \u200b\u200bsections.
Dishwasher
It turns out that the location of the dishes in the dishwasher also matters. A study published in the journal Chemical Engineering found that plates with leftover carbs (potatoes, rice, pasta) are best placed in the center of the machine, and those with protein stains (from meats, cheeses, etc.) at the edges. So they wash better.
Food processor
Many people don't see the difference between using a food processor and a blender. In fact, there is a difference: combine harvesters cope better with hard and dry products.
Blender
A blender is great for making soups, sauces, and smoothies, but do you know what order to add the ingredients in? After all, if, for example, you immediately throw ice for a cocktail into the blender, it will simply ruin the blades, because. must float in liquid.
The order is this:
- Liquids (milk, kefir, broth, etc.)
- Additional small ingredients (berries, nuts, spices, etc.)
- Large pieces of fruits, vegetables, etc.
- Ice or hard stems;
Fridge
We often use refrigerator doors to store milk and eggs. This is not entirely correct, because. the shelves in the doors are the warmest part of the refrigerator compartment. They are more suitable for various sauces, juices in factory packaging and other products that do not require low temperatures for storage. And dairy products and eggs are best removed to where it is colder. And do not forget that the refrigerator should not be loaded to capacity, because of this it does its job worse. Air must circulate between the products, otherwise they may deteriorate.
garlic press
Good news for those who don't like the smell of garlic on their hands. To crush garlic in a press, it is not necessary to peel it. She remains in the press anyway.
Microwave
To use a microwave oven correctly, you must know the power of your model. It is she who affects the speed of cooking. Food labels often list recommended cooking times at a given power. And you can see the parameters of your device on the front or back.
Oven
Cook pies, cakes and other dough products, do not open the oven for at least the first 20 minutes. Do not slam the door violently and let the pastries stand in a warm oven after cooking. The dough often falls from sudden changes in temperature. 
The bottom drawer is used by almost everyone to store baking sheets and other utensils or trays. But initially it was conceived to maintain the temperature of already cooked dishes. The drawer heats up from the oven, and the dishes in it do not cool down for a long time.
potato peeler
Peel potatoes and other vegetables away from you. And it's not only about your safety, but also about the quality of work.
spaghetti spoon
The holes in the spoon are used not only as a colander to drain excess water, but also to measure portions. One hole corresponds to a standard portion. 
The human psyche is equipped with mechanisms that help us instinctively protect our own self. Using them helps to make our experience less traumatic, but at the same time reduces our chances of successfully interacting with reality. According to the author of the book “Psychology of the Self and Defense Mechanisms”, the daughter of Sigmund Freud, Anna Freud, each of us uses about five such strategies daily. T&P explains why sublimation is not always associated with creativity, how projection causes us to criticize innocent people, and why auto-aggression is associated with family problems.
Denial: without acknowledging the problem
Denial is one of the simplest defense mechanisms of the psyche. This is a complete rejection of unpleasant information, which allows you to effectively fence yourself off from it. The classic example here is when you drink several glasses of wine or beer every day for a long time, but at the same time you remain confident that you can give up your habit at any time. Denial is characterized by an acute reaction to the problem statement: if someone then hints to you that you have become addicted to alcohol, this person is likely to suffer from your tantrum.
Denial is often the first reaction to the pain of loss and is the first "stage of grief" according to some experts (although in this case it is also called the "stage of distrust"). A person who unexpectedly loses his job will say: “It can’t be!” A witness to a car accident trying to help the victims may not immediately come to terms with the fact that one of them has stopped breathing. In this case, this mechanism does not protect anyone except the person who unconsciously uses it - however, in situations where a cold mind is needed, denial of danger or one's own shock can be very useful for all participants in the events.
Projection: take out
Projection allows us to project our destructive or unacceptable thoughts, desires, traits, opinions, and motives onto other people. The goal is to protect yourself from yourself or delay the solution of the problem. For example, a person may think that a partner is critical of his earnings - while in fact there is nothing like that from the partner's side. If such a person overcomes his projection and becomes aware of the situation, he will see that the criticism comes from himself, and it is based, say, on the negative opinion of his parents, who insisted on his failure.
A negative consequence of the projection may be the desire to "fix" the object that allegedly serves as a carrier of unpleasant traits, or to get rid of it altogether. Moreover, such an external "carrier" sometimes has nothing to do with what is projected onto it. At the same time, the projection mechanism underlies empathy - our ability to share their feelings with others, to delve deeply into what is happening not to us, and to reach mutual understanding with others.
Autoaggression: blame yourself
Auto-aggression, or turning against oneself, is a very destructive defense mechanism. It is often characteristic of children experiencing difficult moments in relations with their parents. It can be difficult for a person to admit that his parent is being dismissive or aggressive towards him, and instead he assumes that he himself is bad. Self-blame, self-humiliation, self-harm, self-destruction through drugs or alcohol, overindulgence in the dangerous aspects of extreme sports are all results of this mechanism.
Auto-aggression occurs most often when our survival or well-being depends on the external object that caused its appearance. But, despite the many negative consequences of this process, from an emotional point of view, it can be better tolerated than aggression directed at the original target: a parent, guardian, or other important figure.
Sublimation: the basis of pop culture
Sublimation is one of the most widely used defense mechanisms of the psyche. In this case, the energy of unwanted, traumatic or negative experiences is redirected to achieve socially approved constructive goals. It is often used by people of creative professions, including famous ones. Songs about unrequited love or books about dark periods of life often become the fruits of sublimation. This is what makes them understandable - and ultimately popular.
Nevertheless, sublimation can be not only literary or "pictorial". Sadistic desires can be sublimated in the course of surgical practice, and unwanted (for example, from the point of view of religion) sexual desire can be sublimated into the creation of brilliant works of architecture (as was the case with Antonio Gaudi, who led an extremely ascetic lifestyle). Sublimation can also be part of the psychotherapeutic process, when the client splashes out his internal conflicts through creativity: he creates texts, paintings, scripts and other works that allow him to bring the personality into balance.
Regression: return to childhood
The regression mechanism allows you to adapt to a traumatic situation of conflict, anxiety or pressure by returning to behavioral practices familiar from childhood: screaming, crying, whims, emotional requests, etc. This happens because, as a rule, we learn early that they guarantee support. and security. Demonstration of defenselessness, sickness, inferiority very often brings psychological "dividends" - after all, people, like other living beings, tend to protect the weak and small at the neurophysiological level - that is, offspring, and not only their own.
Regression allows you to throw off the burden of responsibility for what is happening: after all, in childhood, parents are responsible for a lot of things instead of us. This defense mechanism can be called very effective and quite problem-free. Difficulties arise when he works too long. The abuse of regression leads to the appearance of psychosomatic diseases, hypochondria, the lack of a successful life strategy, and the destruction of relationships with other people.
Rationalization: explanations for everything
Rationalization is the ability to carefully select appropriate reasonable causes for a negative situation. The goal here is self-belief that we are not to blame, that we are good enough or significant enough and that we are not the problem. A person who was rejected for an interview may convince himself and others that he did not need such a job or the company was too "boring" - when in reality he experienced the strongest regret. “I didn’t really want to,” is a classic phrase for rationalization.
Passive behavior can be rationalized by caution, aggressive behavior by self-defense, and indifferent behavior by the desire to give others more independence. The main result of the operation of this mechanism is an imaginary restoration of a balance between the desired and real state of affairs and the degree of self-esteem. However, rationalization often does not completely remove the negative effects of the traumatic situation, so that it continues to hurt for a long time.
Intellectualization: theoretical feelings
Intellectualization allows us to neutralize anger, grief or pain by redirecting our attention to a completely foreign area. A man who has recently been abandoned by his wife can devote all his free time to studying the history of Ancient Rome - and this will allow him "not to think so much" about the loss. This psychological defense mechanism is based on the desire to abstract from feelings and intellectualize them, turning them into theoretical concepts.
The behavior of the intellectualizing person is often perceived as adult and mature, and this makes this form of defense socially attractive. It has another plus: intellectualization allows you to reduce dependence on your own emotions and “clear” behavior from them. Nevertheless, prolonged use of this mechanism is fraught with the destruction of emotional ties with the outside world, a decrease in the ability to understand and discuss feelings with other people.
Jet formation: fight instead of hugs
Jet formation is a kind of behavioral magic. This defense strategy allows you to turn the negative into the positive - and vice versa. We often encounter its effects, harmless and not so. The boys pull the braids of the girls they like; older people speak with disapproval of the promiscuity of youths and seek to humiliate them, when in reality revealing clothes and provocative style attract them. Reactive formation often betrays its inadequacy of the situation and periodic "breakthroughs" of true feelings through the mask.
Homophobia, anti-Semitism and other forms of rejection of social and national groups are also sometimes the result of reactive education. In this case, with the help of a defense mechanism, one's own attraction or one's own connection with a national group, which for some reason is considered unacceptable, is neutralized. This application of a defense mechanism harms other people, but it does not eliminate the internal conflict in the person who uses it, and does not increase his level of awareness.
Substitution: Transference of Anger
Substitution allows you to transfer unwanted feelings (especially anger and irritation) from one object to another for the purpose of self-defense. The person who was yelled at by the boss may not answer him, but yell at his child at home in the evening. He needs to vent the anger that has arisen, but doing this in communication with the boss is dangerous, but the child is unlikely to give a worthy rebuff.
A random object can also become an object of replacement. In this case, the result of this protection mechanism is, for example, rudeness in transport or rudeness at the workplace. An unfinished drawing torn in anger is also a form of substitution, however, much more harmless.
Fantasy: Brave New World
Fantasies allow you to temporarily improve the emotional state due to the work of the imagination. Dreaming, reading, playing computer games and even watching porn give us the opportunity to move from a difficult situation to where we will be more comfortable. From the point of view of psychoanalysis, the emergence of fantasies is due to the desire for the fulfillment, satisfaction and fulfillment of desires that cannot yet be satisfied in the real world.
Fantasies amortize suffering and help to calm the personality. Nevertheless, the psyche is not always able to fully recognize where reality ends and the imaginary world begins. In the era of information technology development, a person can enter into a relationship with a media image, dreaming of a favorite actress or interacting with a favorite character in a computer game. The destruction of such relationships due to unsuccessful contact with the real content of the image or unpleasant situations will be experienced as a real loss and will bring emotional pain. Fantasies can also distract a person from the real world. At the same time, they often become fertile ground for creativity and form the basis of successful works, bringing positive results in reality.
Do you know that "bee" and "ox" are close relatives? Scientists are still arguing about the origin of some words that we use every day, which does not prevent us from saying these words.
Money
If today, speaking the word "money", we first of all remember Western currencies, then money in Russia definitely had Eastern roots. This word could have entered the Russian language in two different ways. From Iranian merchants and travelers, who then used silver coins called “tenge” (cf. Persian dāng “coin”), or from the Tatar-Mongols, who conquered the territory of present-day Russia a little later for a long time.
Moreover, the source of this root in the Turkic languages, which include the Mongol-Tatar dialect, could be three different things. Firstly, the supreme heavenly deity of the Turkic-Mongolian pantheon is Tengri. Secondly, the collection of money from trade transactions - tamga (originally "brand", "seal"). From there, by the way, our customs came out. And thirdly, the Turkic coin tängä, whose name, with the help of a suffix, was formed from the word “tän”, which means a squirrel. In this case, we can draw an analogy with the old Russian word "kuna" (marten), which was called 1/22 hryvnia. This reflects the functioning of furs in the role of money in the early stages of the development of society.
Young woman
It would seem that everything is very simple: the girl is from the virgin. But if you dig deeper, it turns out that the Proto-Slavic *děva originates in the Proto-Indo-European word *dhē(i̯), which means "to suck, feed with the help of the breast." In this, by the way, she is close to children (children), who come from the same root. From there, the old Russian verb "to reach" - "to breastfeed."
Boy
It's not so easy with guys either. This word, most likely, came from the Proto-Slavic *parę - a diminutive nickname from parobъkъ (here you can recall the Ukrainian lad), going back to "rob" (boy).
The original root here is *orbę, which also gave "child" and "slave", which developed from one of the meanings of the word "rob" - "orphan", since, according to some sources, it was originally the orphans who did the hardest work around the house.
Dinner
Russian words denoting meals have a fairly transparent logic of education. Breakfast came from the combination "in the morning", denoting a period of time - "during the morning."
Lunch was formed from the ancient prefix *ob- and the root *ed- and meant, in general, ... "to overeat." Indeed, according to the rules of normal nutrition in our latitudes, lunch should be the most abundant meal.
It may seem that dinner is when all things are ALREADY redone and you can start eating. Dahl hints at this in his dictionary, but still the word "dinner" comes from the old Russian "ug", that is, "south". And all because they sat down to supper when the sun was in the south. Initially, "dinner" was called an afternoon snack. In other Slavic languages, dinner is called "supper"
Pillow
Scientists have been wrestling with this word for centuries. Dahl suggests that the pillow is what is placed UNDER THE EAR. Vasmer, Shansky and Chernykh are sure that this is something that is stuffed with something (down, feathers, cotton wool and even holofiber, be it wrong). There are also less serious, but more emotional versions of the origin of this word: 1) what they cry into when they need to pour their SOUL, and 2) what they choke
Fool
They say that fools in their most common meaning now were born thanks to Archpriest Avvakum. So in the 17th century, in his writings, he called rhetoricians, philosophers, logicians and other "advocates of demonic wisdom", comparing them with buffoons.
However, the root from which this word comes was already ready to take on the corresponding meaning. Philologists believe that the “fool” came from the Proto-Indo-European *dur (bite, sting) and at first meant “bitten”, “stung”, then transformed into “mad, crazy, sick” (from a bite) and only then turned into “bad, stupid." By the way, the ritual of initiation into buffoons also has something to do with this. According to one version, a jester candidate had to survive a viper's bite before starting his professional career.
Bee
Who would have thought that a bee and a bull are relatives. And if from the point of view of biology they are very far from each other, then philologically they are brother and sister.
The fact is that they come from the same Proto-Slavic root, which denoted the sound of a certain character. Hence, by the way, the outdated word "buzz" (buzz, buzz) and a bug. The bee itself in Old Russian was written like this - bechela, but after the fall of the reduced ones and the stunning of B in front of Ch, it acquired its current appearance.
