The family of the Golitsyn princes has a rather long and interesting history. A large number of works of genealogists are devoted to it. The ancestor of one of the branches of this family, Vasily Vasilyevich, is of particular fame. We will study the biography of this person, as well as the history of the Golitsyn princes.
The emergence of the Golitsyn family
The Golitsyn family originates from the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas and his son Narimont. The son of the latter, Patrikey, in 1408 went to the service of the Moscow prince Vasily I. Thus the Patrikeyev family was founded.
The grandson of Yuri (Patrikey's son) - Ivan Vasilyevich Patrikeev - had the nickname Bulgak. Therefore, all his children began to be written as princes Bulgakov. One of Ivan's sons - Mikhail Bulgakov - received the nickname Golitsa, and all thanks to his habit of wearing a plate glove on his left hand. His only son Yuri, who was in the service of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, was sometimes written as Bulgakov and sometimes as Golitsyn. But already the descendants of the latter were called exclusively the princes Golitsyns.
Division into four branches
Yuri Bulgakov-Golitsyn had sons - Ivan and Vasily Golitsyn. Vasily Bulgakov had three sons, however, they were all childless. This branch of the Golitsyns broke off. One of the sons of Yuri Bulgakov-Golitsyn was the commander and statesman of the Time of Troubles Vasily Vasilyevich.
But the line of Ivan Yurievich gave numerous offspring. His grandson Andrei Andreevich had four sons, who were the ancestors of the branches of the Golitsyn family: Ivanovichi, Vasilievichi, Mikhailovichi and Alekseevichi.
The youth of Vasily Golitsyn
Prince Vasily Golitsyn was born in 1643 in Moscow. He was the son of the boyar Vasily Andreevich Golitsyn, who held high positions under the tsar, and Tatyana Romodanovskaya. There were four children in the family, but, given that the eldest son Ivan did not leave any descendants, Vasily became the ancestor of the senior branch of the princes Golitsyn - Vasilyevich.
Vasily Golitsyn lost his father at the age of nine, after which the care of his son and other children was completely entrusted to his mother. The young prince was addicted to the knowledge of sciences and received a good education for that time at home.
in public service
With the onset of his fifteenth birthday, a new stage in his life began: Vasily Golitsyn (prince) went to the service of the Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. He held the positions of chalice, stolnik and charioteer. But Prince Vasily Golitsyn became especially promoted in the service after his accession to the throne in 1676. He was immediately granted a boyar post.
Under Tsar Fyodor, Vasily Golitsyn rose to prominence in a fairly short time. Already in 1676, he was instructed to deal with the issues of Little Russia (now Ukraine), so he left for Putivl. It should be noted that Vasily Golitsyn perfectly solved the assigned tasks. After that, the prince was forced to face the Turkish-Tatar threat, which became especially aggravated in 1672-1681, when the Russian-Turkish war was going on, he participated in. In 1681, he actually established the status quo. After that, Vasily Golitsyn returned to Moscow.
Having headed the Vladimir court order, Vasily became quite close to the tsar's sister, Princess Sophia, and her relatives, the Miloslavskys. Then he became the head of the commission that was in charge of reforms in the army, which to a large extent contributed to the strengthening of the Russian army, which is clearly evidenced by the future victories of Peter I.
Elevation
In 1982, Tsar Fedor died. As a result of the Streltsy uprising, Tsarina Sophia came to power, who favored Prince Golitsyn. She became regent under the young brothers Ivan and Peter Alekseevich. Vasily Golitsyn was appointed head. The prince began to actually manage the foreign policy of the Russian kingdom.
And the times were turbulent: relations with the Commonwealth escalated, with which Russia was de jure at war; hostilities began with the Crimean Tatars, despite the recently concluded Bakhchisaray peace treaty. All these questions had to be solved by Vasily Vasilyevich. In general, in this regard, he acted quite successfully, preventing a direct clash with the Poles and Turks at a time when it was unprofitable for Russia.
However, Vasily Golitsyn was distinguished by pro-European views and always sought rapprochement with Western states to counter Turkish expansion. In this regard, he temporarily abandoned the struggle for access to the Baltic Sea, confirming in 1683 the agreement concluded earlier with the Swedes. Three years later, the Golitsyn embassy concluded the Eternal Peace with the Commonwealth, legally ending the Russian-Polish war, which had lasted since 1654. According to this agreement, Russia and the Commonwealth were obliged to start military operations against the Ottoman Empire. In this regard, another Russian-Turkish war began, in the framework of which our troops in 1687 and 1689 did not undertake very successful Crimean campaigns.
One of the most famous diplomatic events of that time was the conclusion of the Treaty of Nerchinsk with the Qing Empire. It was the first official document that marked the beginning of the history of centuries-old diplomatic relations between Russia and China. Although it must be said that in general this agreement was unfavorable for Russia.
During the reign of Alekseevna, Vasily Golitsyn became not only a leading figure in the country's foreign policy, but also the most influential official in the state, being in fact the head of government.
Opal and death
Despite his talents as a statesman, Vasily Golitsyn owed his rise to no small degree to the fact that he was a favorite of Princess Sophia. And this predetermined his fall.
Upon reaching the age of majority, Peter I removed Sofya Alekseevna from power, and Golitsyn tried to obtain the reception of the sovereign, but he was refused. Vasily Vasilyevich was taken into custody on charges of unsuccessful Crimean campaigns and that he acted in the interests of the regent, and not the tsars Peter and Ivan. He was not deprived of his life only thanks to the intercession of his cousin, Boris Alekseevich, who was the tutor of Peter I.
Vasily Golitsyn was deprived of the boyar title, but left in princely dignity. He and his family were waiting for eternal exile. At first, Kargopol was assigned as the place of her serving, but then the exiles were transported several times to other places. The last point of exile was the village of Kologory in the Arkhangelsk province, where the previously all-powerful statesman died in 1714 in obscurity.
Family of Vasily Golitsin
Vasily Golitsyn was married twice. The prince was first married to Feodosia Dolgorukova, but she died without giving him children. Then Vasily Vasilyevich married the daughter of the boyar Ivan Streshnev - Evdokia. From this marriage there were six children: two daughters (Irina and Evdokia) and four sons (Alexey, Peter, Ivan and Mikhail).
After the death of Vasily Golitsyn, the family was allowed to return from exile. The eldest son of the prince, Alexei Vasilyevich, suffered from a mental disorder, which is why he could not be in the public service. He lived all his life on the estate, where he died in 1740. From his marriage to Marfa Kvashnina, he had a son, Mikhail, who fell out of favor with Empress Anna Ioannovna and became her court jester. Died in 1775.
Another son of Vasily Golitsyn - Mikhail - became famous for his service in the Navy. He was married to Tatyana Neelova, but had no children.
Dmitry Golitsyn - statesman of the Petrine era
One of the most prominent statesmen of his era was the Prince, born in 1665, was the son of the founder of the Mikhailovich branch, Mikhail Andreevich, and thus was the cousin of Vasily Vasilyevich, whom we spoke about above. But, unlike his relative, he should be grateful to Peter the Great for his exaltation.
His first significant position was the post of stolnik under the sovereign. Later, the prince participated in the Azov campaigns and in the Northern War. But his main achievements were in the civil service. In 1711-1718 he was the governor of Kiev, in 1718-1722 he was the president of the College of Chambers, which corresponded to the modern position of the Minister of Finance. In addition, Dmitry Mikhailovich became a member of the Senate. Under Peter II, from 1726 to 1730, he was a member of the Supreme Privy Council, and from 1727 - President of the Commerce Collegium (Minister of Trade).
But with the coming to power of Empress Anna Ioannovna (whose name he himself named when choosing a candidate worthy to take the throne), he was disgraced due to the fact that he tried to legally limit her power. In 1736 he was imprisoned where he died the following year.
Mikhail Golitsyn - General of the times of Peter the Great
Dmitry Golitsyn's brother was Prince Mikhail Mikhailovich, born in 1675. He became famous as a famous commander.
Prince Mikhail Golitsyn proved himself well during the Azov campaigns of Peter I (1695-1696), but gained real fame during the Northern War. It was he who led many brilliant operations against the Swedes, in particular in the Battle of Grengam (1720).
Already after the death of Peter I, Prince Golitsyn was awarded the then highest military rank of Field Marshal General, and under Peter II he became a senator. From 1728 until his death (1730) he was the president of the military collegium.
Mikhail Mikhailovich was married twice. From both marriages he had 18 children.
It is noteworthy that one of his younger brothers, oddly enough, was also called Mikhail (born in 1684). He also gained fame on the military path, participating in the Northern War. And from 1750 until his death in 1762, he led the entire Russian fleet, being president of the Admiralty College.
Alexander Golitsyn - the successor of his father's work
One of the sons of Field Marshal Mikhail Mikhailovich was Prince Alexander Golitsyn, born in 1718. He also became famous in the military field. He was one of the leaders of the Russian troops during the Seven Years' War against Prussia (1756-1763), as well as during the Russian-Turkish won (1768-1774), which ended with the signing of the famous Kyuchuk-Kaynarji peace.
For his services to the Fatherland and military abilities, like his father, he was awarded the rank of Field Marshal. In 1775, and also from 1780 until his death in 1783, he was the governor-general of St. Petersburg.
Their marriage to Princess Daria Gagarina was childless.
Pyotr Golitsyn - the winner of Pugachev
The youngest son of Mikhail Golitsyn, that of the brothers who was president of the Admiralty College, was Prince Pyotr Golitsyn, born in 1738. Even in his early youth, he participated in the Seven Years and Russian-Turkish wars. But he gained historical fame as a man who commanded troops aimed at suppressing the Pugachev uprising, which shook the Russian Empire. For the victory over Pugachev, he was elevated to the rank of lieutenant general.
It is not known how much benefit Pyotr Golitsyn would have brought to the Russian state if he had not been killed in a duel in the same 1775, at the age of 38.
Lev Golitsyn - famous winemaker
Prince Lev Golitsyn was born in 1845 into the family of Sergei Grigorievich, who belonged to the Alekseevich branch. He became famous as an industrialist and entrepreneur. It was he who established the industrial production of wines in the Crimea. So this region is wine-growing, not least thanks to Lev Sergeevich.
He died on the eve of the era of change in 1916.
Golitsyns today
At the moment, the Golitsyn family is the largest Russian princely family. At present, out of its four branches, three remain: Vasilievichi, Alekseevichi and Mikhailovichi. The Ivanovich branch broke off in 1751.
The Golitsyn family gave Russia many outstanding statesmen, generals, entrepreneurs, and artists.
Ivan Illarionovich Golitsyn is an artist, a representative of an ancient princely family, one of the main keepers of the family heritage. Among the Golitsyns there were 26 boyars, 17 governors, 7 senators, 6 members of the supreme state councils, 14 generals and two field marshals, as well as many scientists, engineers, writers and several excellent artists.
Ivan, let's start with Gediminas, the prince of Lithuania, who lived in the 14th century, from whom Golitsyn is believed to be descended. He is at the very top of the family tree.
Yes, if you expand the full family tree - six meters will work. The son of Gediminas, Narimund, received the name Gleb at baptism. The son of Gleb, the specific prince of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Patrikey, became an ally of the Moscow prince Vasily I (son of Dmitry Donskoy), arrived with his court in Moscow in 1408 and devoted himself to serving the new Moscow fatherland. His descendants "without exception carried various hardships and services for the benefit of Russia." In 2008, we celebrated 600 years of service of the Golitsyn family to the fatherland: exhibitions, conferences, organized the first world congress of the Golitsyn descendants.
The son of Patrikey, Yuri, married the sister of the Grand Duke of Moscow, which further strengthened his position. Their great-grandson, Mikhail Ivanovich, received the nickname Golitsa from the habit of wearing a yellow gauntlet on his hand. Boyarin commanded a regiment in the Battle of Orsha in 1514 with the Polish-Lithuanian army, where he was captured. He spent 37 years in captivity. Later he was a member of the government that ruled the state during the Kazan campaign of Tsar Ivan the Terrible.
In the 17th century, before the reign of Peter the Great, four branches of the Golitsyns were determined ...
After Mikhail Golitsy, we will skip three more generations of the boyars, his descendants, and introduce the boyar Andrei Golitsyn, who was part of the inner circle of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. Later on, all the princes Golitsyns descend from him - his children Vasily, Ivan, Alexei and Mikhail formed four branches. The branches of Vasilyevich and Ivanovich, unfortunately, were cut short.
We belong to the most prolific branch of the Alekseevichs, which has given many shoots over the course of three centuries. The tree continues, because the Golitsyns traditionally have a large number of children in their families, who today live all over the world.
It is amazing how in the post-revolutionary years of persecution of aristocrats, the so-called former ones, a whole gallery of family portraits was preserved in the family. They are still on the walls of your house.
Portraits roamed with the family. I remember them from childhood. My father, Illarion Golitsyn, explained this paradox by the fact that the main blow of persecution fell on people. The portraits that adorned the walls of estates and mansions were confiscated selectively. Chekists and "art historians in civilian clothes" most often took pictures in rich, better gold frames, it was impossible to have images of imperial persons. More modest portraits, and even more so taken out of frames, did not attract attention. The excuse that this, they say, is my grandfather, great-grandfather or my great-grandmother, was quite suitable. Already after the revolution, family portraits, of which several dozen survived, were always hung on the walls by my artist grandfather, whether it was a Moscow apartment or a village house.
Remarkable works by the first Russian portrait painter, the founder of secular painting, Andrei Matveev, have survived - paired portraits of Ivan Alekseevich and Anastasia Petrovna Golitsyn in 1728 ...
The portraits come from the estate of the princes Golitsyn Gireevo (now Novogireevo). Now they hang in the Tretyakov Gallery, transferred there by the family for display. Ivan Alekseevich Golitsyn (1658–1729), the son of the ancestor of the Alekseevich branch, had a court rank - he was the room attendant of Tsar Ivan Alekseevich, brother of Peter I. Prozorovskaya.
At the court of Peter I, the princess served as a lady of state, a confidant of the royal couple. Accompanied them during the unsuccessful Prut campaign for Peter I. Anastasia Petrovna was a member of the "Most Drunk, Extravagant Cathedral of the Most Joking Prince-Papa."
Bright character. Matveev, of course, conveyed this.
Anastasia Petrovna married her son, Fedor, to the cousin of Peter I, Maria Naryshkina, who died soon after - the marriage was childless. Fedor Ivanovich in his second marriage was married to Anna Izmailova.
Their son, Nikolai Fedorovich (1728–1780), was a lieutenant general, chief of an infantry regiment. In the portrait, he is depicted in armor.
Unknown artist. Portrait of Prince N. F. Golitsyn. 1750s
His son, Fyodor Nikolaevich Golitsyn (1751–1827), was the nephew of Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov, founder of Moscow University and the Academy of Arts, favorite of Empress Elizabeth. After the death of the latter and the accession of Catherine, Shuvalov left the court and spent 14 years abroad. He lived in Italy and France, carried out a number of diplomatic assignments, and collected works of art. When he returned, he did not know how the empress would receive him, and settled in Moscow. On the purchased plot of land on Pokrovka, Shuvalov built a two-story house with a rotunda and outbuildings. But he did not have time to live in it. Catherine summoned him to Petersburg and appointed him chief chamberlain.
Childless Shuvalov gave land and a house on Pokrovka to his beloved nephew, Fyodor Golitsyn, the son of his sister, Praskovya, whom he patronized. Privy Councilor Fyodor Nikolaevich is the second curator of Moscow University after Shuvalov.
The house on Pokrovka at number 38a, where several generations of the Golitsyns were born and lived, was not damaged during the fire of 1812 and in Soviet times, it still exists. At that time, this place in Moscow was considered almost the outskirts. From this house, our branch got the name "Golitsyns from Pokrovka".
House of I. Shuvalov, later Princes Golitsyns on Pokrovka. Drawing from the album of buildings by M. F. Kazakov. 1770s
Last year, a well-known restaurateur, private investor Artem Chentsov bought this house, as reported in the press, for 189.3 million rubles to set up an office. As far as I understand, now there are approvals for restoration and repair. I handed over some materials on the descriptions of the interiors of the house from the family archive.
Portrait of Fyodor Golitsyn painted by Rokotov?
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Unknown artist (F. S. Rokotov?). Portrait of Prince F. N. Golitsyn. 1790s | Jean-Louis Veil. Portrait of Princess V. I. Golitsyna. 1790s |
Or someone from his circle, art historians have not yet come to a consensus on this matter. The second marriage Fedor Nikolaevich married Varvara Ivanovna Volkonskaya. Her portrait, paired with her husband, we consider the brushes of Jean-Louis Voile.
They had five boys. The younger, Mikhail Fedorovich (1800–1873), holder of many orders, was arrested in the case of the Decembrists. But it was established that he was not a member of secret societies, but was the guardian and chief director of the Golitsyn hospital, built by architect Matvey Kazakov on the high bank of the Moscow River. The "Hospital for the Poor" was built and opened in 1802 at the expense of the princes Golitsyn, but of a different branch - the Mikhailovichs.
Who are you to Mikhail Fedorovich?
Great-great-great-grandson. He married Louise Trofimovna Baranova, maid of honor to Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, later a lady of state. The originals of our portraits by the Austrian artist Shandr Kozina are stored in the Historical Museum and are now presented at the exhibition "Aristocratic Portrait". Several copies were made for the family, perhaps according to the number of estates. One pair is now kept in the Arkhangelskoye Estate Museum. My great-grandfather later recalled: “The grandmother set the tone for the whole family - a gramama, as we children called her - and she loved to be respected and obeyed. I remember her still quite fresh, with lively eyes, an old woman who, from the 30s, hosted all high-society Moscow on Mondays and loved to travel daily in a double carriage or in winter in a covered sleigh ... "
The Golitsyns were buried in the old Donskoy cemetery, where a crypt was built. The crypt was not preserved, strong granite slabs were removed for the construction of the Moscow metro.
The youngest of her six sons (two died in early childhood), Vladimir Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1847–1932), held many positions in the city government, from 1887 he was the Moscow governor, and from 1896 to 1905 he was the mayor of Moscow .
That is, the mayor of Moscow?
Quite right. Under Vladimir Golitsyn, power plants were built on the Raushskaya and Bersenevskaya embankments, the horse tram was replaced by a tram, the Kursky, Rizhsky, Paveletsky and Savelovsky stations were rebuilt, the first metro projects were developed, the implementation of which was prevented by the First World War. It was said that Golitsyn accepted Moscow with kerosene lanterns on the streets and water from the capital's fountain, and left it with electric lighting, water supply, sewerage and a telephone network. By the way, it was my great-great-grandfather who persuaded Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov to transfer his gallery to the city. And he became the first trustee of the Tretyakov Gallery.
V. Serov. Portrait of Prince V.M. Golitsyn. 1906. State Historical Museum
He was elected an honorary citizen of Moscow, one of the twelve before the revolution. Awarded with many orders. For his liberal judgments, he had a conflict with the Governor-General of Moscow, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich.
In 1929, together with his family, he was expelled from Moscow. Lived in Zagorsk, Dmitrov. During the construction of the canal. Moscow, the grave of Prince Golitsyn was razed to the ground.
Tell us about your great-great-grandmother, Sofya Nikolaevna Delyanova.
She came from a noble Armenian family. Her grandfather, Davyd Artemovich, major general, hero of the Napoleonic Wars, was married to Maria Lazareva, daughter of the founder of the Lazarev Institute. Her father, Nikolai Davydovich, was the director of this institute from 1856 to 1861.
K. Korovin. Portrait of Princess S. N. Golitsyna. 1886. State Tretyakov Gallery
Sofya Nikolaevna was very interested in art, and she can be considered the first in our artistic dynasty. She took lessons from Prince Gagarin and Savrasov. She painted in oils and watercolors, copied paintings, including Aivazovsky, with whom the Delyanovs were friends, according to her recollections, her copy of Polenov's painting "Grandmother's Garden" is known.
Konstantin Korovin painted a portrait of Sofya Nikolaevna. The family said that somehow Polenov came to his great-great-grandmother and, without finding her, took a brush and straightened his face. Then it was believed that the work became worse, and she was even exiled to the Buchalka estate. Now the canvas is exhibited at the Tretyakov Gallery. Sofya Nikolaevna patronized artists, arranged drawing evenings on a certain day of the week, where Korovin, Serov, Levitan, Pasternak and Polenov came.
Who was the second artist in your dynasty?
My grandfather, Vladimir Mikhailovich Golitsyn, illustrator of numerous books and magazines (including Knowledge is Power, Around the World, Pioneer, World Pathfinder), inventor of the board games Pirates, Capture of Colonies, Rescue Chelyuskintsev”, “Northern Sea Route”, “Football”, “Silk Road” and “Yunga”. He was born in 1901 into a princely family at an inconvenient time for this.
V. M. Golitsyn and E. P. Golitsyna, nee Sheremeteva. 1920s
In 1919, he was supposed to go to the Red Army, but instead of serving in some fraudulent way, he left for the north. In 1920–1922 he worked at the Floating Marine Scientific Institute (Plavmornin), participated in an expedition to Novaya Zemlya on the Malygin icebreaker, and took part in the construction of the first Soviet research vessel Perseus. As part of the expedition, my grandfather rounded the northern tip of Cape Zhelaniya Novaya Zemlya, saw the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea and the White Sea. Many of his watercolors from that period have survived.
In a large family photograph, Vladimir Mikhailovich stands out noticeably in a vest and peakless cap.
Yes, he was an entertainer and wit, sometimes mischievous. The photo was taken in 1921 in Bogoroditsk, Tula region, on the day of the golden wedding of great-great-grandfather Vladimir Mikhailovich and great-great-grandmother Sofya Nikolaevna Golitsyn. Then the family left Moscow, fleeing hunger in the estate of their relatives, the counts of Bobrinsky, who nobly sheltered twelve eaters in troubled times. The Bobrinskys, let me remind you, are the descendants of Catherine the Great and her favorite, Grigory Orlov.
V. M. and S. N. Golitsyn in 1921 in Bogoroditsk on the day of the golden wedding, surrounded by relatives
However, in 1923, the Golitsyns, as my grandmother said, “settled for six winters” in Moscow, settled in an apartment in Eropkinsky Lane. How it was possible to get an apartment, says Sergei Mikhailovich Golitsyn in the Notes of a Survivor. Remember, the diadem of the Emir of Bukhara, pearls ... Until that time, family portraits and archives were kept in a barn and closet at Pokrovka. First of all, grandfather took the sled, moved the portraits and hung them on the walls of the new apartment. The barn soon burned down.
And the family of the "disenfranchised" Golitsyns, that is, who did not have voting rights, including the 83-year-old head of the clan, was expelled from Moscow in 1929 by the Soviet authorities within three days. After wandering, they finally settled in Dmitrov. We rented part of an ordinary wooden house. They lived surrounded by family portraits, including paintings by Matveev, and all sorts of valuables, but without a decent livelihood. Grandfather, Vladimir Mikhailovich, then made a watercolor scan with a complete plan for hanging paintings and arranging furniture. Here, in Dmitrov, he lived with his wife, Elena Petrovna, nee Countess Sheremeteva, and children - Elena, Mikhail and Illarion. A photograph from the 1930s shows young people in the window of a simple village house. Countess Sheremeteva and Prince Golitsyn are looking at us.
V. M. Golitsyn and E. P. Golitsyna, nee Sheremeteva in Dmitrov. 1933
From here, on October 22, 1941, he will be taken forever. Grandfather had been arrested before - in 1925, 1926 and 1933, but thanks to the troubles he was released.
Grandfather died of exhaustion in the colony of the city of Sviyazhsk near Kazan in 1943. “Laryushka, draw more” - these were his last words to my father.
There is also an American branch of the Golitsyns. Yes, some family members managed to emigrate. The great-grandfather's brother, Alexander Vladimirovich, went to America through Harbin and was the family doctor of Stravinsky and Rachmaninov there. His son, Alexander Alexandrovich, worked in the film industry, received three Oscars as a set designer for the films To Kill a Mockingbird, Spartacus and The Phantom of the Opera.
We are now sitting in the famous Red House in Novogireevo. This is another important address for the Golitsyn family.
In 1939, this brick house in the middle of a large garden on the outskirts of Moscow was jointly built by the artists Ivan Efimov (my great-grandfather), Vladimir Favorsky and Lev Kardashov. They set up their apartments and workshops here. Now their grandchildren and great-grandchildren live here - Favorsky, Golitsyn, Shakhovsky. Almost everyone is an artist too. My father, Illarion Vladimirovich Golitsyn (1928–2007), a graduate of the Stroganov School, got into the Efimov family by marrying my mother, settled in the Red House in 1962 and ended up in a friendly clan of artists of different ages.
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Illarion Golitsyn with his wife, Natalia Efimova. 1969 | Red house in Novogireevo |
Here, in a special atmosphere, in closeness with Vladimir Favorsky, he took shape as an artist, lived his life. Today, he is rightfully considered one of those artists who defined the face of Russian fine art in the second half of the 20th century.
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Illarion Golitsyn. Cheerful morning. 1998. Moscow Museum of Modern Art | Illarion Golitsyn. Portrait of E. P. Golitsyna. 1986 |
What my father did in linocut and woodcuts in the 1960s became a classic of Russian engraving. Later, in his paintings and watercolors, he created a very special, quiet, closed world with old portraits on the walls, conveyed the slowly flowing time. He received the State Prize for the series of works “Red House in Novogireevo”… Art critic Gleb Pospelov called his work “a family-historical idyll”.
You have become an artist and with your work, it seems to me, you partly continue this tradition, where the house, the history of the family play an important role.
More than ten years ago, I came up with my own technique, called it "Ivan Golitsyn's Chiaroscuro". I began to combine the image on the cut object with the shadow cast by the object. The object is located some distance from the wall. You can see my work only by turning on the light source from a certain angle. The less the shadow is associated with the visible image, the more advantageous and unexpected it is. These works can be made of cardboard, plywood or metal. I have been working on the series “My Pedigree” for a long time - we see portraits of my ancestors from the side of my father and from the side of my mother. These are the shadows of not forgotten ancestors - a kind of metaphor for human fate and the fate of representatives of our kind.
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Chiaroscuro Ivan Golitsyn. Work for the exhibition dedicated to Pinocchio in the Litmuseum | Ivan Golitsyn. The meeting of red and green (Red House) 1993. Private collection |
In 1993, I painted the Red House in a section, trying to mentally go through it and depict what is inside and outside at the same time. Friends later laughed that this is how I made a plan for the robbers.
I remember well how one day a new district policeman came to us. He walked and walked around all the apartments, did not find anyone, then he heard a dog barking and went out into the garden, where he discovered a cheerful family celebration. Here he became completely angry: “Citizens, everything is open with you, it’s also impossible! And although ... you have nothing to take!”
Descendants of the Golitsyns in the Front Hall of the Historical Museum 2005
Ivan's nephews, the sons of his sister, Ekaterina, who were born here, in the Red House, join the conversation:
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Andronik Khachiyan,designer, actor, producer, artist | Egor Golitsyn,designer, artist |
Andronik Khachiyan:
When you grow up in such a large family, you certainly have a load of heritage, information and experience of generations behind you. The continuation of traditions is about the internal structure that my brother and sisters and I will always carry within ourselves. We all read the diary of our great-great-grandfather, who was the mayor of Moscow. But the house in which I grew up played a role much larger than even the genes themselves. It was an absolutely isolated life, where the doors are not locked, where only your relatives walk in the yard, bonfires, New Year's carnivals are arranged, tables ten meters long are set, where everyone trusts each other and everyone is comfortable. The world I grew up in fenced in like Narnia, where no one has an age. We grew up infantile and undisturbed, because the world did not bother us. Then it was hard to merge into another life.
In companies where they know nothing about our home and traditions, I like to initiate games. For example, "Gop-dop". Tough but very cool game! Teams sit opposite. The leader has a coin. At some point he shows it. The whole team should put their hands on the table, palms down. Under one of the palms you need to hide a coin, and the opposing team must find out where it is. Or, for example, charades. Usually this game is called "Muzzles". We always have a costumed, staged action. A long word or phrase is guessed. It is divided into semantic syllables, and each is shown with the help of pantomime. On my mother's birthday, even during the life of grandfather Illarion, they thought of the phrase "Katerina, I am Golitsyna" and broke it into words: boat, other, goal and price. Then, in the finale, in the general scene, the curly-haired grandfather Hilarion was already portraying Pushkin, who was writing a letter to Princess Ekaterina Golitsyna. We got a lot of people hooked on the game "Pirates", which was invented by my great-great-grandfather. Sometimes four generations sat down to play at the table at the same time. Now, I think, it is already possible to plant five.
Egor Golitsyn:
I was sure that I would not go anywhere from there. The red house is an oasis that protected me. All childhood passed under family portraits, next to his grandfather, who was not attached to any noble assemblies. By the way, I knew how to get into the secret box where my grandfather kept a golden snuffbox with a portrait of Peter I. At that time I did not quite understand what it was. Now I know. This thing from Peter I came to Louis XV, from Louis - to Elizabeth Petrovna, from Elizabeth Petrovna - to Shuvalov, and already from him, through his nephew, to the Golitsyns.
Photo: from the personal archive of the Golitsyn family, fotodom.ru, Evgenia Gershkovich, Boris Sysoev
ABOUT THE KIND OF PRINCES GOLITSYNYH
The direct ancestor of the princes Golitsyn appeared in Russia in 1408. Behind the stingy lines of the annals one can see the solemn arrival in Moscow of the "visiting" Prince Patrikey from Lithuania. He came to the service of the Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily - the son of the famous Dmitry Donskoy "with his whole house": close and distant relatives, with the court and squad, household members and firemen, servants and servants. The ceremonial entry could not have done, one must think, without princely banners, on which a knight in armor and with a raised sword was depicted galloping on a horse. This knight - the traditional Lithuanian "chase", which, by the way, adorns both the family coat of arms of the princes Golitsyns and the state emblem of the current Republic of Lithuania - was the heraldic sign of the sovereign Lithuanian sovereigns: Prince Patrikey was the great-grandson of Gediminas - the Grand Duke of Lithuania, a long-term ruler and ruler of Litish.
The Moscow Sovereign received Prince Patrikey "with great honor", and he immediately took one of the first places in the Russian state hierarchy. The reason for this is not only the high origin of the “visiting” prince, not only political calculation: it was beneficial for Moscow to attract Lithuanian nobles to its side. Prince Patrikey was a relative of the family of the Moscow Sovereigns, a second cousin of Sophia Vitovtovna, the wife of Grand Duke Vasily. Let us immediately add that the son of Prince Patrikey, Yuri, later married the daughter of the Grand Duke Anna, and thereby finally secured the relationship of immigrants from Lithuania with the Moscow Grand Duke's house.
The closest descendants of Prince Patrikey became the founders of many princely families, well known in Russian history under the collective name of the Gediminoviches - the Khovansky, Pinsky, Volsky, Chartoryzhsky, Golitsyn, Trubetskoy, Kurakin ...
Actually, the Golitsyns descend from the great-grandson of Yuri Patrikeevich - Prince Mikhail, nicknamed Golitsa. The golits were then called iron gauntlets, which the knights wore in battle. According to legend, Prince Michael got his nickname because he put on his head only on one hand.
The ancestor of the Golitsyns was a roundabout of the Grand Duke Vasily III and an unfortunate governor: on September 8, 1514, in the infamous battle of Orsha, the Lithuanians defeated the Russian army, commanded by Prince Mikhail Golitsa and the boyar Chelyadnin. N. M. Karamzin, in his History of the Russian State, talking about this battle, notes that there was no agreement between both governors, that they did not want to help each other and acted in discord. Moreover, in the heat of battle, Chelyadnin seems to have betrayed Prince Mikhail and fled the battlefield. This, however, did not save him - both governors and another one and a half thousand nobles then fell into Lithuanian captivity, and all of Russia lost thirty thousand soldiers that day. Prince Mikhail Golitsa spent 38 years in captivity and returned to Russia only in 1552, when his fourth cousin Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible conquered the Kazan Khanate.
Which of the Golitsyns, who inscribed their name in the history of Russia, should be mentioned in this short essay? The historian wrote that "the Golitsyn family is the most numerous of the Russian aristocratic families" (the second largest family is the family of the princes Dolgorukov). In addition, the Golitsyns were always "in sight", always occupied significant government positions, were near the Tsar's, and later the Imperial throne. Even dry figures testify to the significance of the clan and its role in the history of our Fatherland. There were 22 boyars in the Golitsyn family: no other family - Russia had so many boyars - the closest advisers to the Moscow Sovereigns. Among the Golitsyns there were two field marshals, 50 generals and admirals, 22 Knights of St. George, the Order of St. George was given only for military merit. Many Golitsyns participated in the Patriotic War of 1812, four fell in its battles, two of them on the Borodino field. Prince Alexander Borisovich Golitsyn was the permanent adjutant of the Commander-in-Chief Field Marshal Kutuzov throughout the campaign and left interesting Notes on the Patriotic War.
The Golitsyns always guarded the honor of the family as it was understood in this or that historical era. During the time of localism, one even suffered because of this, but did not drop the dignity of the family: the Duma boyar Ivan Vasilyevich Golitsyn categorically refused to sit at the Tsar's wedding table "below" the Shuisky princes. Because of this, he preferred not to appear at all at the wedding of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in 1624, for which he was exiled with his family to Perm, where he soon died.
Such cases, however, were few. More often, the Moscow Sovereigns favored the Golitsyns and even passed off their relatives for them. It has already been mentioned about the relationship of Prince Patrikey and Patrikeevich with the House of Moscow Rurikovich. Continuing this theme, one can also point to the relationship of the Golitsyns in the female line with the Romanov dynasty. Prince Ivan Andreevich Golitsyn, for example, was married to the closest relative of the wife of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich - Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya, Princess Praskovya Dmitrievna Golitsyna was married to Fyodor Naryshkin and was an aunt of Peter the Great, and Princess Natalya Golitsyna was his cousin.
One of the Golitsyns, Prince Vasily Vasilyevich, was called "Great" by foreigners. In Russia, however, this nickname was not assigned to him for obvious reasons. However, his merits in governing the state were really great, and, of course, his role was not limited only to being close to Princess Sofya Alekseevna, as other historical novelists primitively try to imagine. Prince Vasily Vasilyevich served the Fatherland and the Throne for more than 30 years. Here is just a list of his positions and titles: Sovereign stolnik and chashnik, Sovereign driver, chief steward, boyar of Tsar Fedor Alekseevich, head of the Ambassadorial order, yard voivode and, finally, “the royal state Great Seal saver, governor of Novgorod and close boyar”. After Peter the Great imprisoned Princess Sophia in a monastery, her "right hand" Prince Vasily Vasilyevich was deprived of ranks, titles and property (but not princely dignity) and exiled to distant northern cities.
But at the same time, the cousin of the disgraced, Prince Boris Alekseevich Golitsyn, rose to prominence. He was the tutor of Peter the Great, his closest adviser, and became the last of his kind to be granted the boyars - soon after that, the Sovereign Boyar Duma passed into history, and it was replaced by the Peter's Governing Senate.
The three Mikhailovich brothers also played a prominent role in Russia at the beginning of the 18th century. The eldest, Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsyn, was first a room steward of Peter the Great, then became the captain of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, later - a senator, a real privy councilor, president of the Commerce Collegium and a member of the Supreme Privy Council. In this capacity, he initiated the first attempt in history to limit the autocracy of the Russian Sovereigns. Together with other members of the Supreme Privy Council, he forced the Empress Anna Ioannovna to sign the so-called "conditions" before her accession to the throne, which obligated her, while governing the country, to reckon with the opinion of the highest nobility. As you know, this attempt failed, the Empress refused to comply with the "conditions", but did not forget their authors. Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich was accused of treason a few years later and imprisoned in the Shlisselburg fortress, where he died in 1737.
The second of the brothers, Prince Mikhail Mikhailovich, the eldest, was also a stolnik and "royal drummer" for Peter the Great, later turned out to be among the heroes of the Battle of Poltava and was marked by the Tsar, participated in many other battles of the Petrine and post-Petrine times, rose to the rank of field marshal (1st class according to the Table about ranks) and was the president of the Military Collegium, that is, the Minister of War of Russia. And, finally, the third - Prince Mikhail Mikhailovich Jr. repeated the career of his older brother, but not in the ground forces, but in the Russian Navy. He was a sailor and naval commander, held the highest rank of admiral general of the Russian fleet (also 1st class) and was president of the Admiralty Colleges, or minister of the sea.
Under Empress Catherine II, Prince Alexander Mikhailovich became famous as a major commander, who was a holder of all Russian orders without exception. His brother, Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich, for thirty years was the Russian ambassador to the Austrian Court in Vienna, according to his will and at his expense, the well-known Golitsyn hospital was founded in Moscow, which until 1917 was maintained at the expense of the Golitsyn princes and still serves its purpose. . And their cousin, too, Alexander Mikhailovich, represented Russia in Paris and London for more than 15 years.
Under the Emperors Alexander and Nikolai Pavlovich for almost a quarter of a century, Prince Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn, the builder of the capital, the patron of sciences and arts, was the Moscow governor-general. As almost all memoirists of the first half of the 19th century testify, he did a lot for Moscow - he built it, landscaped it, took care of Moscow University, helped Moscow theaters, founded an Italian opera in the city ... For his services in the development of Moscow, Emperor Nicholas I granted him the title of Most Serene prince with the right to pass it on to his descendants.
Golitsyn, Nikolai Mikhailovich
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wikipedia has articles about other people with the surname Golitsyn.
Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn
Obermarshal
1768 - 1775
Awards:
Prince Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn (January 8, 1727 - January 2, 1787) - Russian courtier from the Golitsyn family, Chief Marshal and Privy Councilor.
The seventeenth child of Field Marshal Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn the Elder, by his mother - the grandson of Prince Boris Ivanovich Kurakin, one of the leaders of the foreign policy of the reign of Peter the Great. Among the older brothers are Field Marshal A. M. Golitsyn and a major diplomat D. M. Golitsyn.
Chamber junker from December 22, 1761, captain of the Izmailovsky regiment, from 1763 chamberlain and marshal. At the coronation of Catherine II, he arranged dishes. In the diary, Poroshina is mentioned as a frequent guest of the heir's chambers, with whom he talked about trigonometry, Hungarian wines and other subjects.
In 1768, the empress granted Golitsyn to the chief marshal, i.e. made the chief manager of court life. At court, he was known by the nickname "fat man" (Mr le Gros). Knight of the Order of St. Anna, in 1773 he was awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky. Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn
Obermarshal
1768 - 1775
Predecessor: Karl Efimovich Sievers
Successor: Grigory Nikitich Orlov
Awards:
Band to Order St Alexander Nevsky.png Order of Saint Anne Ribbon.PNG
Dismissed at the request of all posts on August 12, 1775. In his pamphlet, Prince Shcherbatov claims that Golitsyn lost his position at court due to a conflict with Potemkin: “The imprudence of preparing some favorite dish for him exposed him to a vile curse from Potemkin and forced him to resign.”
Varvara Nikolaevna, daughter
Ekaterina Nikolaevna, daughter
Prince Golitsyn was a large landowner, had estates in the Moscow region, in the Meshchovsky and Kozelsky districts (20 thousand serfs). He died in January 1787 in St. Petersburg and was buried next to his wife at the Lazarevsky cemetery.
Family and Children
From 1753 he was married to Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Golovina (1728-09/09/1769), daughter and heiress of Admiral A. I. Golovin. Children:
Varvara Nikolaevna (07/25/1762-01/04/1802), a wonderful beauty, married to the chamberlain Prince Sergei Sergeevich Gagarin (1745-1798), their sons Nikolai and Sergei.
Ekaterina Nikolaevna (11/14/1764-11/7/1832), married to the most serene prince S. A. Menshikov (1746-1815). According to contemporaries, she was one of the most beautiful women of her time and was distinguished by a free lifestyle.
Anna Nikolaevna (11/15/1767-18?), Was married to Count A. A. Musin-Pushkin (1760-1806), but left no offspring. Being ruined by the managers, she died in poverty.
Alexander Nikolayevich (09/06/1769-04/12/1817), chamberlain and rich man, known for his insane extravagance, for which he was nicknamed in Moscow by the name of the opera, which was in great fashion, "Cosa-rara". He was married to Princess Maria Grigoryevna Vyazemskaya (1772-1865), after a divorce from him, in 1802 she married Count L. K. Razumovsky. In the 1800s he went bankrupt and at the end of his life received a pension from his second cousin, Prince S. M. Golitsyn.
I will not continue the enumeration, especially since the author of the Notes himself briefly talks about the next generations of the Golitsyns - mainly about the generation of his grandfathers - in the chapter "Family" . And in general, the enumeration will add little to the general characteristics of this family, which belongs to the most ancient Russian nobility - an estate that for centuries shaped the course of the historical development of Russia. From such an angle, I think, we should look today at the Golitsyn family. “You can’t throw out a word from a song,” says the proverb. In the same way, the Golitsyns cannot be deleted from Russian history. They, like other ancient families, should be treated today as an integral part of the history of the motherland.
Already been - and not so long ago! - attempts to “throw the nobleman Pushkin off the ship of modernity”, to declare “lordly”, and therefore anti-people, almost the entire Russian culture of the last century, “not to notice” certain historical figures because of their belonging to the “exploiting class”. Our today's lack of culture and savagery is largely a consequence of just such an approach, which until recently was considered "the only true one."
Destroying temples, destroying material monuments of the past, erasing the very memory of the past, for decades the Soviet government eradicated the "living monuments" of national history - the offspring of Russian historical families. May the now living Golitsyns and Baryatinskys, Trubetskoys and Volkonskys, Sheremetevs and Meshcherskys forgive me such a comparison, but nevertheless there is something in common between a stone witness of the past and a living heir to an ancient family, and this is common - belonging to history.
What until recently our attitude towards representatives of Russian families was not a secret to anyone. They were, at best, outcasts and suspicious exes. Mention has already been made of the genealogy of some Russian noble families published recently in Paris. Significant
Part of this volume is devoted to the Golitsyns. And against many, very many names - dashes. Not only in Paris there is no information about the fate of dozens and dozens of representatives of the Golitsyn family, drawn into the maelstrom of the revolution, there is none in Moscow either. Where are they? What happened to those who in 1917-20 did not want to leave their native land?
To some extent, the Notes provide answers to these questions. But their author was still lucky: he survived. Not everyone pulled out such a "happy" ticket. Until recently, representatives of historical families were persecuted simply “for their surname”, they were persecuted with all the might of the state punitive machine. It was enough to be called Golitsyn or Sheremetev to be an enemy to be destroyed.
Prince Andrei Kirillovich Golitsyn has been trying for several years to find out something about the fate of his disappeared relatives and relatives. Copies of his requests to various institutions take up entire folders. Dozens, maybe hundreds of requests... And answers. The veil of secrecy begins to lift.
Here, for example, is the answer to a question about the fate of Dmitry Aleksandrovich Golitsyn. Reports the Prosecutor's Office of the Dzhezkazgan region of Kazakhstan: “By the decision of the Troika of the UNKVD in the Karaganda region, he was sentenced to capital punishment - execution. The sentence was carried out on January 7, 1938. April 21, 1989 rehabilitated. The official “Certificate of death” is attached to the answer, in the column “cause of death” it says “execution”.
Answer from the Karaganda region of Kazakhstan to an inquiry about the fate of Vladimir Lvovich Golitsyn: “On March 4, 1935, he was convicted by a special meeting at the NKVD of the USSR for 5 years, sent to Karlag NKVD, on May 22, 1937, sentenced to death by the Special Troika of the NKVD for counter-revolutionary agitation among prisoners, for spreading rumors about brutality in the camp, about poor food and coercion
diligent labor, which disrupted the normal course of work on the experimental irrigated field of Karlag. On August 13, 1937 he was shot. In 1959, the verdict of the Special Troika was canceled as unfounded.
The answer of the Military Prosecutor of the Odessa Military District to a request about Sergei Pavlovich Golitsyn: “He worked as an actor in the theater of the city of Nikolaev, by decision of the NKVD of the USSR and the Prosecutor of the USSR on January 4, 1938 he was repressed. January 16, 1989 rehabilitated.
Answer from Ukraine to an inquiry about the fate of Konstantin Alexandrovich Golitsyn: “Arrested on December 15, 1930 on unfounded charges, as a member of a counter-revolutionary monarchist organization. Troika at the Collegium of the GPU sentenced to death. The sentence was carried out on May 9, 1931."
The answer of the Moscow branch of the FSB to an inquiry about Anatoly Grigorievich Golitsyn: “Accountant of the Moscow Case Association A. G. Golitsyn was arrested on August 26, 1937, unreasonably accused by the Troika of the UNKVD of the USSR of counter-revolutionary activities, sentenced to VMN. The sentence was carried out on October 21, 1937 in Moscow. In 1960 he was rehabilitated.
Answer to an inquiry about Alexander Alexandrovich Golitsyn: “The construction technician of the Zagotzerno department in the city of Lipetsk, A. A. Golitsyn, was arrested on August 7, 1937 for conducting anti-Soviet agitation. Sentenced to capital punishment. The sentence was carried out on October 10, 1937. In 1956 he was rehabilitated.
Many requests, as Prince Andrei Kirillovich hopes, will still receive answers. And they are often not even about individuals, but about entire families. For example, the family of Grigory Vasilyevich Golitsyn, for example, disappeared completely. Nothing is known about the family of Sergei Sergeevich Golitsyn, about the families of Alexander Petrovich, Lev Lvovich and many others.
It is not necessary to think that repression fell only on men. One of the women of the Golitsyn family, Irina Aleksandrovna Vetchinina, who worked as a livestock specialist in one of the collective farms in the Kirovograd region, was arrested and sentenced to death for "anti-Soviet propaganda." Propaganda expressed itself in the fact that in a letter to her mother, who lived in Prague, she spoke about her plight. This postcard has been preserved in the file, and we can quote it today: “My dear dear mother, I didn’t write to you for a long time, because I didn’t want to write that I felt bad. Everyone was waiting for my situation to improve, but it is getting worse ... We, Mom, are now as bad as they have never been: big frosts, and I walk in a canvas raincoat and almost barefoot. Dear mommy, maybe you can find something warm and old so that I can spend the winter this winter ... "
These lines in the postcard, underlined by the investigator's pencil, became the basis for the death sentence.
So gradually, step by step, those "blank spots" in the Golitsyn genealogy, which we spoke about on the first pages of these notes, are filled. And let this truth not please, let the answers be monotonously bitter: shot - rehabilitated, shot - rehabilitated, they are still better than the unknown. At the very least, they make it possible, without embellishment, in all its ugliness and cruelty, to imagine the attitude of the Bolshevik authorities towards people whose very name belongs to the history of Russia.
Based on materials from B. P. Kraevsky
In the photo, Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1721 - 1793), son of Field Marshal Prince...
One of the most ancient families. It could have arisen from the ancient word golitsy (galitsa) - "leather bare mittens for work." The surname was boyar, then common noble. With the abolition of serfdom in the central regions, the surname Golitsyn was assigned to many peasants.
Golitsyn - a princely family descended from, whose son Narimund, in baptism Gleb († in 1348), was the prince of Novgorod, Ladoga, Orekhovets, etc. His grandson Patrikei Alexandrovich, prince of Zvenigorod (in Volhynia), from 1408 entered into Lithuanian citizenship. The grandchildren of the latter bore the surname of the princes Patrikeyevs, and one of the great-grandchildren, the boyar prince Ivan Vasilyevich Bulgak, had a son Mikhail Ivanovich, nicknamed "Golitsa", who was the ancestor of the surname G. In the 5th generation from the ancestor, the family of princes G. was divided into four branches, of which three still exist today. From this family there were 22 boyars, 3 okolnichi, 2 kravchi. According to the genealogy of the princes G. (see "The family of the princes Golitsyn", op. book. H. H. Golitsyn, St. Petersburg, 1892, vol. I), in 1891 there were 90 males, 49 princesses and 87 princesses Golitsyns alive. One branch of G. in the face of the Moscow Governor-General Prince Dmitry Vladimirovich (see) received in 1841 the title of lordship. Prince Grigory Sergeevich (born in 1838), lieutenant general, senator, was sent with special powers to Siberia during a crop failure in 1891; now a member of the State Council. About other princes G., known for something, see special articles. The genus of princes G. is included in the V part of the genealogy book of St. Petersburg, Moscow, Tver, Kursk, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tambov, Tula and Chernigov provinces (Gerbovnik, I, 2).
"Brockhaus and Efron"
Coat of arms of the family of princes Golitsyn. The shield is divided horizontally into two equal parts. At the top, in a red field, the coat of arms of Lithuania is depicted, that is, a warrior galloping on a white horse with a sword raised up. In the lower part, cut by a perpendicular line, are marked: in the right silver field, the coat of arms of Novgorod, a crimson chair, on which a sovereign baton and a long Cross are laid crosswise; above the chair is a triple candlestick with burning candles, on the sides of the chair are two black Bears standing on their hind legs, in the left blue field there is a silver cross with a black double-headed Eagle in the middle. The shield is covered with an ermine mantle and a crown of princely dignity.
Land holdings of the Golitsyn family are shown in word format, this information was kindly provided by Maxim Olenev.
Additional Information. Some nobles of the late 19th century with this surname. At the end of the line - the province and county to which they are assigned.
Golitsyn book., Osterman, gr. Mstisl. Valer., from. major, (5 hours), St. Petersburg, M. Italian. St. Petersburg province. Shlisselburg district.
Golitsyn, Prince. Aldr Bor., ss., Yuryevsk. county marshal of the nobility, s. Sima, Yuryevsk. y. Vladimir province. Shuisky district.
Golitsyn, Prince. Al-ey Dm., Moscow. Chernihiv province. Novgorod-Seversky district.
Golitsyn, Prince. Bor. Nikl., prch., p. Lomec. Tula province. Novosilsky district. gg. nobles who have the right to vote.
Golitsyn, Prince. You. Dm., Moscow. Chernihiv province. Novgorod-Seversky district.
Golitsyn, Prince. You. Pav., p. Dubrovka. Ryazan province. Kasimovsky district.
Golitsyn, Prince. Vlad. Emman., Ryazan. Chernihiv province. Novgorod-Seversky district.
Golitsyn, Prince. Dm. Mikh., dss., s-tso Semenovka. Tula province. Novosilsky district. gg. nobles who have the right to vote.
Golitsyn, Prince. Leo Lv., Jagermeister, DSS., Gubernsk. leader of the nobility, Saratov. Saratov province. Balashovsky district.
Golitsyn, Prince. Lev Serg., master, citizen. rights. Vladimir province. Murom district.
Golitsyn, Prince. A lion. Serg., master. civil rights. Vladimir province. Gorohovets county.
Golitsyn, Prince. Mich. Mikh., St. Petersburg, Vladimir province. Vladimir county.
Golitsyn, Prince. Nikl. Serg., (5 hours). Poltava province. Piryatinsky district.
Golitsyn, Prince. Nikl. Emman., Ryazan. Chernihiv province. Novgorod-Seversky district.
Golitsyn, Prince. Pav. Pav., Maryinsk. ox. Novgorod province. Novgorod district.
Golitsyn, Prince. Pav. Pav., from Guards. Prch., Maryino village, Novgorod. y. St. Petersburg province. Luga county.
Golitsyn, Prince. Serg. Mich. Yaroslavl province. Romanovo-Borisoglebsky district.
Golitsyn, Prince. Serg. Mikh., dss., p. Golun. Tula province. Novosilsky district. gg. nobles who have the right to vote.
Golitsyn, Prince. Serg. Mich., p. Slavnovo, Arinensk. ox. Tver province. Tver district.
Golitsyn, Prince. Emman. Vas., Mrs. plc., (5 hours). Chernihiv province. Novgorod-Seversky district.
Golitsyn, Prince. Aldra Vas., (5 hours). Chernihiv province. Mglinsky district.
Golitsyn, Prince. Aldra Vas., (5 hours). Chernihiv province. Nizhyn district.
Golitsyn, Prince. Aldra Vas., (5 hours). Chernihiv province. Surazh district.
See also
The stormy romance of Prince Golitsyn turned out to be not so long. Having lived together for 5 years, Prince Golitsyn and the Caucasian princess parted ways. But the interest in winemaking did not leave the prince until the last days of his life. In 1883, he married Countess Maria Mikhailovna Orlova-Denisova, who fully shared her husband's passion for winemaking and invested her own money in vineyards and wine production.
Monument to Lev Golitsyn in Evpatoria
In 1889, the products of Prince Golitsyn, already awarded high awards at agricultural and industrial exhibitions in his own country and in the USA, received a gold medal at the World Exhibition in Paris. Lev Golitsyn, as a well-known winemaker, was elected vice-chairman of the expert council at the wine competition of the exhibition. His merits in winemaking were so highly appreciated that the French government awarded the prince with the Order of the Legion of Honor. "Of all countries, we knew Russia least of all," wrote the surprised Frenchmen. In 1900, Golitsyn received the Grand Prix at the World Exhibition in Paris, where his Coronation champagne was recognized as the best in the world. 
1900 World's Fair in Paris
At the banquet in the restaurant of the Eiffel Tower, arranged for famous winemakers, only the best wines awarded with medals of the Exhibition were served. First, the glasses were filled with magnificent champagne, which received the Grand Prix. Count Chandon, co-owner of the company "Moet and Chandon", which produced widely advertised varieties of champagne, decided that his products were in the glasses, and raised a toast to his winemakers, who gave the world such a miracle. Prince Golitsyn laughingly thanked the "king of champagne" for such an advertisement. Praising the drink, the guests were surprised to learn that they were drinking "Coronation", produced by Prince Golitsyn in his estate "New World".
Lev Sergeevich Golitsyn
Golitsyn possessed unique abilities as a taster. In France, he was called the "king of experts" for his ability to distinguish the finest shades in the bouquets of wines. He could determine not only the grape variety from which the wine was made, but also the region where the grapes grew, the characteristics of the soil in the vineyard, and whether the weather was sunny or rainy that summer ... In his farms, he cultivated up to 500 varieties of grapes , and determined the finest nuances by the taste and smell of wine.
In 1890, the emperor allowed the prince to officially recognize his illegitimate daughters from Princess Kherkheulidze Sofya and Nadezhda and give them the name of the Golitsyn princesses. Before that, the girls lived in their father's house, being considered his pupils. Golitsyn met in the Crimea with Alexander III , they talked for a long time, the prince expounded to the emperor his views, expressed by the formula: "Russian winemaking is the future wealth of Russia." The sovereign, who set the goal of his government to strengthen the economy of his country, listened to the ideas of Golitsyn with interest. Both of them were preoccupied with the problem of the spread of drunkenness, and both believed that the main means of combating it was to popularize and make high-quality grape wines available to the common people. Golitsyn opened his brand store in Moscow on Tverskaya, where selected grape wines were sold for 25 kopecks per bottle (even for those times it was extremely cheap). "Cultural drink" was supposed to gradually replace low-grade vodka.
Lev Golitsyn in Crimea
Gilyarovsky left an interesting review about him:
“Lev Golitsyn was disliked in the English Club for his harsh obscene speeches at that time. But Lev Golitsyn was not afraid of anyone. He always went about, winter and summer, in a muzhik's wide beaver coat, and his huge figure drew attention on the streets.
The drivers called him "wild master." The Tatars in his Caucasian estate nicknamed him "Aslan Deli" - the crazy Lion.
He threw money right and left, denying nothing to anyone, especially young students, kept on Tverskaya, at the corner of Chernyshevsky Lane, next to the governor-general's house, a shop of grape wines from his magnificent Crimean vineyards "New World" and sold at retail pure, natural wine at twenty-five kopecks per bottle:
- I want the worker, artisan, small employee to drink good wine! he said.
Vladimir Gilyarovsky
In the spring of 1891, on the personal instructions of Alexander III Prince Golitsyn was invited to the specific department to take the position of chief winemaker of the estate of His Imperial Majesty Livadia and the specific estates of the Crimea and the Caucasus, including Abrau-Dyurso, Massandra, Tsinandali, Napareuli and others. The specific department disposed of the property and income of the royal family, and service in it was considered very honorable even for a prince of an ancient family. By this Golitsyn was recognized as the first winemaker of Russia. And he organized exemplary vineyards on the imperial estates; supplies of cheap wines from them went all over the country ...Under the leadership of Golitsyn, the area of specific vineyards reached 600 acres, the production of wine exceeded 100,000 buckets per year. In addition, Golitsyn ensured that the Specific Department bought out the wine trading company of Prince S.M. from the heirs to the treasury. Vorontsov, which had its offices in many large cities.
But in 1897, Prince Golitsyn was forced to resign. The reason for this was the unbridled nature of the prince, which led to protracted conflicts with the head of the Main Directorate of the Udelov, Prince L.D. Vyazemsky. Prince Vyazemsky and Prince Golitsyn, people of completely different life views, temperaments, and beliefs, having failed to find a common language in official affairs, simply "did not work together," in modern terms.After retiring, Prince Golitsyn took up the affairs of his beloved estate "New World" and the creation of a school of Russian winemaking. “In order to get good wine,” he argued, “the main thing is to create people. How much a person will cost, so much wine will cost.” To encourage the best students of the Magarach School of Horticulture and Winemaking, as well as the best winemakers, Golitsyn established a prize for them. Alexandra III , having allocated 100 thousand rubles for these purposes from his own funds (a bonus received from the Specific Department upon retirement).
In matters of winemaking, the prince professed his own theory: never try to copy foreign wines, which is doomed to failure in advance, but create your own, with qualities that are inaccessible to foreign analogues. In his writings, Prince Golitsyn sometimes expressed thoughts that have not lost their relevance to this day. In No. 1 of the Viticulture and Winemaking magazine for 1904, he wrote: “Our weakness lies in the fact that we do not believe in ourselves. We read foreign books, we listen to foreign people, and instead of criticism, we retreat before them with reverence. "Does a foreigner want our industry to arise, that we compete with him on the world market? Never! (...) Let foreigners be our workers, I agree to this, but I protest against this. Can a foreigner love our homeland more than your own? To get a good salary, to return to your place, to laugh with your own people at these idiots, whom he will tell about - this is the ideal of everyone "...
Many remembered Lev Golitsyn as an extremely controversial person. A talented practical scientist, versatilely educated, known throughout the world, he valued too little the opinion of the aristocratic society to which he belonged by birthright, and allowed himself various extravagant antics that were far from good taste.
Felix Yusupov with his wife Irina
Prince Felix Yusupov (famous among the killers of Rasputin) knew Golitsyn closely - their estates in the Crimea were in the neighborhood. In his memoirs (F.F. Yusupov. "Before the exile: 1887 - 1919"), he described the impression that Prince Golitsyn made on him and his family members, belonging to the "cream" of aristocratic society: "Despite his well-known nobility, he was a general threat. Being in a state of semi-drunkenness, he sought every opportunity to make a scandal and, not content with drinking himself, sought to give his entourage to drink wine from his own presses. He always came with a case of wine and champagne. As soon as the carriage drove into the yard, as was heard his resounding voice: "The invitees are arriving!" Having got out, he began to juggle bottles, singing a drinking song: "Drink to the bottom, drink to the bottom ..." I resorted, hoping to be the first to try the magnificent wines that he brought. Without even saying hello to who, he called the servants to unload and open the boxes. Finally, he gathered the whole house, masters and servants, and forced them to drink until they were drunk. Once he so persecuted his grandmother, who was over 70 years old ( Countess E.S. Sumarokova-Elston) that she splashed the contents of the glass in his face. He grabbed her and carried her in a wild dance, so that the poor woman then lay in bed for many days ... Princess Z.N. Yusupov) was very afraid of Golitsyn's visits. Once she spent a day locked in her rooms because of his violent rampages, which no one could pacify.
House of specific department in Trubnikovsky Lane
One of the most famous deeds of Prince Golitsyn in the Specific Department, and even after leaving the post of chief winemaker, was the construction of the most extensive wine cellars equipped with the latest science in Moscow, where the best varieties of noble drinks were aged under ideal conditions. In addition to the famous cellars in Massandra, highly appreciated by the emperor, Golitsyn built excellent wine cellars in the house of the Specific Department in Trubnikovsky lane (house number 19), near the Arbat. Most of this lane was destroyed during the construction of Novy Arbat, but the Golitsyn cellars, as the old Muscovites still call them, have survived. Underground galleries with vaulted ceilings occupied 3,000 square meters under the house and yard. Oak bottles containing up to 1400 decaliters were stored in them at a constant temperature. The arch of the main hall was supported by five-meter columns, unique colored mosaics were laid out in the stone floor. Once the Golitsyn cellars were declared a monument of industrial architecture. After the revolution, the building housed the People's Commissariat for Nationalities under the leadership of I.V. Stalin, but the Golitsyn cellars with a unique collection of wines were preserved - Stalin did not object to such a neighborhood. Unfortunately, during the frenzied anti-alcohol campaign of the 1980s. cellars were closed and abandoned. Decades of debugged wine production was destroyed. Time and desolation slowly destroyed the cellars, which delighted specialists and were the pride of the imperial family. Now the building has been given to the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, and the wine cellars, if they are used, are not for their intended purpose.
MM. Germashev. Arbat (in the foreground, the mansion in which Lev Golitsyn lived)
In Moscow, Lev Golitsyn rented the mansion of the princes Obolensky - the famous "haunted house" (Arbat, house number 14, has not been preserved), in which not everyone would dare to settle. Stories about the Sabbaths of evil spirits that took place under the roof of this house scared away many tenants. But Golitsyn was not afraid of "devils" ...But the "bad" reputation of both the Arbat mansion and the prince himself came in handy in 1905, when Golitsyn hid the wounded at the barricades from the police - the authorities did not dare to come to him with a search ... His position in those days was one of the most noble - he did not join either side and did not want to shoot in order to kill someone. The prince set up an infirmary in his house and saved people who were dying in the streets because of young recklessness and the misunderstood romanticism of struggle.
1905 Barricade on the Arbat next to the house where Lev Golitsyn lived
However, the offspring of a noble family did not at all join the opposition, as Soviet sources sometimes claimed. Loyal moods were not alien to him either ... Once he presented the emperor with a luxurious collection of unique long-aged wines, although he was experiencing financial difficulties at that time. And inIn 1911, Prince Golitsyn presented Emperor Nicholas with his estate "New World" - the pride and favorite "brainchild" of the old winemaker. Golitsyn's friend Count P.S. Sheremetev recalled the witty manner in which the prince offered this generous gift to the tsar:
- "Your Imperial Majesty, I have a big request to you, but I cannot, I do not dare to convey it.
The sovereign allowed to speak.
- Your Imperial Majesty, I have two daughters, so nothing special, but I do not ask about them. Your Majesty, I have a son... illegitimate. Your Majesty... adopt him!"
The surprise of the king was immeasurable. It turned out that the "illegitimate son" is the New World.
In December 1911, Prince Golitsyn wrote an official letter to the sovereign, in which he "humbly asked" to accept as a gift the estate with vineyards, wine cellars and a unique collection of wines. These cellars were built in natural caves, and the total length of the tunnels for storing and aging wines was 3.5 versts. The interior of the wine cellars was decorated with ancient statues, antique chandeliers and royal crystal X VIII century. The sovereign, having arrived in the spring of 1912 with his family in the Crimea, examined the estate presented to him by the eccentric prince, and was delighted.
Monument to Lev Golitsyn and Nicholas II in the New World
It was assumed that in 1914 a royal palace and a house for the retinue would be built in the Novy Svet, in which, in the absence of the imperial family, wine scientists who were trained on the estate would live. It was also planned to hold wine-making congresses. The outbreak of war prevented the implementation of these plans ...
Prince Golitsyn died on December 26, 1915. The body of the famous winemaker was transported to the New World and buried in the family crypt next to his wife who had died earlier.
