Tomorrow is a great holiday for the whole Russian land. Tomorrow is celebrated the accession to the throne of the currently reigning Sovereign Emperor, establishing a new era of glory in Russian history; tomorrow, at the same time, is the anniversary of one of the greatest events in Russian history, which marked the present reign. Nine years ago, on February 19, 1861, the Sovereign Emperor signed a memorable manifesto that put an end to serfdom in Russia.

Now, on the ninth anniversary of this event, when it has completed its full cycle so successfully and safely, those words of the Supreme Manifesto, which expressed such justified trust in the patriotism and reason of both parties concerned, acquire a special price.

“We rely,” it was said in the manifesto, “on the valiant zeal of the noble nobility for the common good, to which we cannot but express well-deserved gratitude from Us and from the whole Fatherland for their disinterested action towards the implementation of Our inscriptions. Russia will not forget that it is voluntary, excited only by respect for the dignity of man and Christian love for one's neighbor, renounced serfdom, which is now abolished, and laid the foundation for a new economic future for the peasants. goodwill and that each owner will complete within the limits of his estate a great civil feat of the entire estate, arranging the life of the peasants and his yard people settled on his land on favorable terms for both parties and thereby give the rural population a good example and encouragement for the accurate and conscientious execution of state decrees " .

Were these hopes brilliantly justified? Who will not do justice to the Russian nobility? Who will not appreciate the "great civil feat" accomplished by him? From among the nobility itself, for the most part on its own instructions, came the world mediators of the first series, who on their shoulders endured the entire burden of carrying out a great deed, personifying the civil self-denial of the whole class. They were reproached, and sometimes not without reason, for their predilection for the benefit of not the nobles, but the peasants. The mode of action of the Russian local estate can best be assessed by comparison with the intrigues that the peasant reform was the subject of in the western region, where landownership renounces the Russian character. There was nothing like systematic opposition to the Regulations of February 19 in the interior provinces; The landowners in the inner provinces did not, as they did in the outlying districts, conspire to circumvent the requirements of the law. On the contrary, the Russian nobility resisted the temptations emanating from a small but influential clique - a "handful of people," as the Moscow nobility expressed it in their last year's meeting - which tried, and is still trying, to stir up selfish passions, itself serving as a blind instrument hostile to the state. parties. The Russian nobility did not fall into deceit and protected our future from disasters; it has saved the basis and conditions for the correct and fruitful progress of our citizenship. Honor and glory to him! His prowess will be even more appreciated later, when history reveals the secret springs of machinations, which are so abundant in our time.

It is not bad to recall the course of peasant affairs in other states. This will best give us a sense of our national dignity. In Prussia, rumors of a ransom have been dragging on for more than twenty years, and yet the final arrangement of the peasants has progressed much less there than in our country over a nine-year period. Compulsory redemption in Prussia, established by the constitution of 1850, was hindered in 1851 and suspended in 1858 pending the issuance of a special provision, which to this day has not yet been issued. It is also known that, thanks to the excessive claims of landowners in Germany and partly in Austria, neither the expansion nor the division of common lands has yet come to an end.

There is no doubt that the Russian nobility will retain its beneficial role in the building of our citizenship. It should see its true interests not in the small, but in the great; such is the meaning of his legends. As regards the further course of peasant affairs, it presents neither dangers nor difficulties.

One can count hundreds of thousands of peasants who have received a quarter of their land as a gift and have long enjoyed complete freedom of movement. In view of this well-known fact, is it possible to think that the resettlement will assume alarming proportions among the temporarily liable peasants, for whom it is associated with the fulfillment of so many diverse conditions?

“We also rely on the common sense of our people,” the Manifesto says on February 19, 1861. “Getting for themselves a more solid foundation of property and greater freedom to dispose of their economy, they (serfs) become obligated to society and to themselves for the beneficence of the new law to supplement with faithful, well-intentioned and diligent use of the rights granted to them. The most beneficent law cannot make people prosperous if they do not take the trouble to arrange their own well-being under the protection of the law.

Never has "the common sense of the people" expressed itself so brilliantly as in the peasant reform that took place in Russia. At first, after liberation, immediately after the sharp turning point that took place in the Russian countryside, when serfdom had already fallen, but neither the mediators of the peace, nor the rural authorities had yet been put into action, when the peasants had not yet had time to get acquainted with their new rights - and then there was no serious confusion among the people, in spite of all the efforts of the malicious parties. The special measures taken just in case turned out to be completely unnecessary. The Russian people, with their common sense, surprised not only their enemies, but also their friends, who still did not expect the masses to be able to show such complete self-control at the first stages of freedom.

It is known that malicious people tried to arouse exaggerated expectations in the peasantry. Rumors spread about a free allotment, about a new will, about liberation from all duties. But among the people a sound instinct for truth was always preserved. It is a remarkable fact that quite a few landlords in the northern provinces did not demand the obligatory redemption of the peasant allotment; Doesn't this testify in the most convincing way that the payment of dues was carried out regularly and that the "gold letters" did not have any effect on the peasants?

Malicious attempts to alarm society with the imaginary dangers of the nine-year anniversary of the liberation of the peasants continued throughout the past year. The machinations were mainly aimed at our student youth. Think what you will of these malicious attempts, but it would be a pitiful mistake to see anything sincere at the basis of them. Let us hope that little by little our affairs will be freed from misunderstandings and obscurities, and thus the ground will be taken away from deceit, along with the hope of success. With the prudence of the nobility and the common sense of the people, God willing, malicious intrigues will again be put to shame, no matter what twists and turns they resort to and no matter what masks they hide behind.

Mikhail Nikiforovich Katkov (1818-1887) - Russian publicist, philosopher, literary critic, publisher of the Russky Vestnik magazine, editor-publisher of the Moskovskiye Vedomosti newspaper.

After the peasant reform of 1861, when unrest began in the Russian villages, caused by the predatory nature of the reform, the proclamation "To the lordly peasants" became circulated. The authorities decided to attribute its authorship to Chernyshevsky. However, it was not so easy to deal with the famous literary critic, whose articles were passed by the tsarist censorship and widely published in Sovremennik and Otechestvennye Zapiski. Everyone knew about his revolutionary sympathies, about his closeness with Herzen and other major revolutionaries, but this side of Chernyshevsky's activity was carefully concealed. Only his literary activity was visible. With amazing and daring dexterity, Chernyshevsky was able to express himself in his articles "between the lines." When, in his articles about Garibaldi published in Sovremennik and in his comments on Italian events, he repeated with strange tenacity in almost every phrase: “in Italy”, “I am talking about Italy”, even the most stupid reader eventually began to understand that it was about Russia and current political events. Nevertheless, formally there was nothing to complain about.

On July 7, 1862, the authorities, fearing an open uprising, arrested Chernyshevsky and threw him into the Peter and Paul Fortress. The formal reason was a letter from Herzen, which stated that he, together with Chernyshevsky, was going to publish Kolokol abroad, since the magazine was banned in Russia. But this was not enough, it was necessary to present Chernyshevsky with a more weighty accusation. But in what? And the authorities went to a direct forgery. The retired lancer cornet V.K. Kostomarov, demoted to the ranks for secretly printing "outrageous publications", a man with mental disabilities and an incompetent graphomaniac poet, in order to avoid punishment, agreed to cooperate with the III branch. Having forged Chernyshevsky's handwriting, Kostomarov wrote a note, supposedly from Chernyshevsky, asking him to change one word in the proclamation. In addition, Kostomarov fabricated another letter, which allegedly contained irrefutable evidence of Chernyshevsky's direct participation in revolutionary activities. On the basis of these false evidence, at the beginning of 1864, the Senate sentenced Chernyshevsky to 14 years of hard labor and eternal settlement in Siberia. Alexander II approved the verdict, reducing the term of hard labor by 7 years, but in fact Chernyshevsky spent more than 18 years in prison.

During Chernyshevsky's arrest, all his notes, including his diary, were confiscated. The most “dangerous” notes were encrypted (in a rather primitive way), but in general the diary entries were rather chaotic, and their language and style made a rather chaotic impression. When Chernyshevsky, who resolutely rejected Kostomarov's fake, began to be charged already on the basis of diary entries, he came up with a bold and interesting move: he decided to pass off the diary as a draft of a literary work, and all his reasoning as a fiction of a novelist. Moreover, there is an opinion (vehemently contested by official Soviet literary criticism) that Chernyshevsky began to write What Is To Be Done? only to justify the contents of his "seditious" diary, which he thus turned into a draft of the novel. This is hardly the only reason for its writing, but this version sheds light on the mystery of the novel, clearly ill-conceived and written in a hurry. Indeed, the tone of the narration sometimes becomes careless and cheeky, sometimes it acquires far-fetched, fantastic features.

In Soviet literary criticism, it was customary to assert that the tsarist censorship simply "overlooked" the revolutionary nature of the work and therefore allowed it to be published. But there is another point of view: the censors perfectly saw that everything in this supposedly “love” novel was sewn with white thread, however, taking into account the complete absence of any artistic merit of the manuscript (the author himself declares this on the first pages), they they hoped that the famous publicist and revolutionary would compromise himself in the eyes of the enlightened public with such a mediocre craft. But it turned out the other way around! And the point here is not the author’s literary talents, but the fact that with his book he managed to touch the living of more than one generation of young people who laughed at arguments about the Beautiful and the most impeccable form preferred “useful” content. They despised "useless" art, but bowed before the exact sciences and natural sciences, they recoiled from religion, but with religious fervor defended faith in man, more precisely, in "new people", that is, in themselves. The son of a priest and admirer of Feuerbach, Chernyshevsky, this martyr for faith in the bright future of mankind, opened the way for those who replaced the religion of the God-man with the religion of the man-god...

It so happened that Chernyshevsky's deathbed delirium was recorded by the secretary. His last words surprisingly echo the phrase spoken several decades later by Sigmund

Freud about his scientific work: "There is no God in this book." Chernyshevsky, in his dying dreams, mentioned some essay (who knows, perhaps, about his novel?): “It is strange: this book never mentions God.”

THE CIVIL FEAT OF N. G. CHERNYSHEVSKY After the peasant reform of 1861, when unrest began in the Russian villages caused by the predatory nature of the reform, a proclamation to the lordly peasants began to circulate. The authorities decided to ascribe its authorship to Chernyshevsky. However, it was not so easy to deal with the famous literary critic, whose articles were passed by tsarist censorship and widely published in Sovremennik and Otechestvennye zapiski. Everyone knew about his revolutionary sympathies, about his closeness with Herzen and other major revolutionaries However, this side of Chernyshevsky's activity was carefully legalized.

Only his literary activity was in sight. With amazing and daring dexterity, Chernyshevsky knew how to express himself between the lines in his articles. When in articles published in Sovremennik about Garibaldi and in comments on Italian events, he repeated with strange persistence in almost every phrase in Italy, I'm talking about Italy, even the most stupid reader eventually began to understand that it was about Russia and about current political events. .

Nevertheless, formally there was nothing to complain about. On July 7, 1862, the authorities, fearing an open uprising, arrested Chernyshevsky and threw him into the Peter and Paul Fortress. The formal reason was Herzen's letter, which said that he, together with Chernyshevsky, was going to print the Kolokol abroad, since the magazine was banned in Russia. But this was not enough, it was necessary to bring Chernyshevsky a more weighty accusation.

But why? And the authorities went to a direct forgery. The retired lancer cornet V.K. Kostomarov, demoted to the ranks for secretly publishing outrageous publications, a man with mental disabilities and an incompetent graphomaniac poet, agreed to cooperate with the III Department in order to avoid punishment. Having forged Chernyshevsky's handwriting, Kostomarov wrote a note, allegedly from Chernyshevsky, asking him to change one word in the proclamation. In addition, Kostomarov fabricated another letter, which supposedly contained irrefutable evidence of Chernyshevsky's direct participation in revolutionary activities. On the basis of these false evidence, at the beginning of 1864, the Senate sentenced Chernyshevsky to 14 years of hard labor and eternal settlement in Siberia.

Alexander II approved the verdict, reducing the term of hard labor by 7 years, but in fact Chernyshevsky spent more than 18 years in prison. When Chernyshevsky was arrested, all his notes, including his diary, were confiscated. The most dangerous notes were encrypted in a rather primitive way, but on the whole, the diary entries were rather chaotic, and their language and style made a rather chaotic impression.

When Chernyshevsky, who resolutely rejected Kostomarov's forgery, was charged already on the basis of diary entries, he came up with a bold and interesting move - he decided to pass off the diary as a draft of a literary work, and all his reasoning for the fiction of a fiction writer.

Moreover, there is an opinion, vehemently disputed by the official Soviet literary criticism, that Chernyshevsky began to write What is to be done? only to justify the contents of his seditious diary, which he thus turned into a draft of a novel. This is hardly the only reason for its writing, but this version sheds light on the mystery of the novel, clearly poorly thought out and written in a hurry. the censorship simply overlooked the revolutionary character of the work and therefore allowed it to be published.

But there is another point of view, the censors saw perfectly well that everything in this supposedly love novel was sewn with white thread, however, taking into account the complete absence of any artistic merit of the manuscript, the author himself declares this on the first pages, they hoped that the famous publicist and revolutionary ner compromises himself in the eyes of the enlightened public with such a mediocre craft.

But it turned out the other way around! And the point here is not the literary talents of the author, but the fact that with his book he managed to touch more than one generation of young people who laughed at the arguments about the Beautiful and the most impeccable form, preferring useful content. They despised useless art, but bowed before the exact sciences and natural sciences, they recoiled from religion, but with religious fervor defended faith in man, more precisely, in new people, that is, in themselves.

The son of a priest and admirer of Feuerbach, Chernyshevsky, this martyr for faith in the bright future of mankind, opened the way for those who replaced the religion of the God-man with the religion of the man-god. It so happened that Chernyshevsky's dying delirium was recorded by the secretary. His last words miraculously resonate with a phrase spoken several decades later by Sigmund Freud about his scientific work There is no God in this book. It is strange that God is never mentioned in this book.

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Are heroic acts of people possible in our time? We know a lot about the exploits of Soviet soldiers that were committed on the battlefield. Is there a place for selflessness at the present time? Indeed, today the crisis is raging, there is a constant increase in prices, and many do not have confidence in the future. But, despite all this, we can safely say that the heroic deeds of people in our time are possible. After all, there will always be a courageous person who, at the risk of his life, will do what he simply cannot help but do.

The concept of achievement

How to describe the heroic deeds of people in our time? An essay on this topic must begin with a definition of the concept of "feat". And for this it is worth referring to the dictionary of V. I. Dahl. The author explains the word "feat" as a glorious, important deed, a valiant deed or deed. What are the roots of this concept? The word "feat" comes from "move", "move", "give forward", "move". In turn, "move" means nothing more than to force or induce to do something. Such an explanation gives grounds to speak of a feat as an act associated with righteousness and spirituality, as well as with the high moral principles of the person who performed it.

And what about an act that is associated with material interest or self-interest? By its very definition, it does not fall under the category of a feat. After all, this selfless act is an important deed for people, committed without any selfish goal. No wonder someone who accomplishes a feat in Russia is called a hero.

Dahl's dictionary contains another interpretation of the word "feat". This is "hard and selfless work, an important undertaking, a deed." These are labor feats. Today in Russia they are associated with scientific discoveries, with the release of products, with the production of performances or the creation of films that do not leave the audience indifferent.

Russia's highest government award

During the existence of the USSR, for the accomplishment of military and labor feats, they were awarded a title and a medal, which was called the "Gold Star". However, other times have come. The Soviet Union was gone, and the old awards were replaced by others. On March 20, 1992, the Russian government established a new title - Hero of the Russian Federation, which corresponds to the award - the Gold Star medal. The material for the manufacture of the latter is gold.

This medal is made in the form of a five-pointed star. On its back there is an inscription - "Hero of Russia". The ribbon for the medal is in the colors of the national flag. This award is presented personally by the president and only once.

The first heroes of the Russian Federation

Sometimes selfless deeds are unknown to wide circles of citizens. And this often distinguishes the heroic deeds of people in our time. The newly established award was presented for the first time in 1992. There were two heroes. However, one of them received a high rank and a medal posthumously.

Award No. 1 was received by Krikalev S.K., who spent a long time on the Mir space orbital station. In those years it was a real record.

The award, which has number two, was presented to Major General Oskanov S.O. On February 7, 1992, he performed a training flight, which had to be made in difficult weather conditions. At this time, the auto-horizon of the MIG-29 aircraft piloted by him failed. Poor visibility caused the pilot to lose spatial orientation. Leaving the cloud zone, Oskanov suddenly saw an approaching settlement. It was the village of Khvorostyanki, located in the Dobrinsky district of the Lipetsk region. At the cost of his life, the major general prevented the plane from falling on residential buildings.

What is the high award for?

People who have committed heroic deeds in our time are certainly marked by the state. And today there are quite a lot of them. According to official figures, about a thousand Gold Star medals have already been awarded for the exploits of people today.

Most of these heroes received their award for military merit. Among them were about a hundred participants in the war with Nazi Germany, who had not been awarded a high rank in previous years. Unfortunately, almost all of them received their medal posthumously.

The exploits of the heroes of Russia in our days for the fighting in Chechnya were also highly appreciated. Their number was almost five hundred people.

In addition, the title of Hero of the Russian Federation was awarded to the military and intelligence officers who performed feats outside the combat zone. In the list of awardees, you can also find citizens of the country working as testers, rescuers, astronauts, etc.

Military awards

The heroic deeds of people in our time, as in previous years, are often committed while serving in the army. Feats in the life of the military are far from uncommon, because almost every medal awarded is an award for military operations. Often she finds her hero posthumously.

We list some of the military who received the highest state award:

1. Vorobyov Dmitry. He received his award in 2000 at the age of 25. It was awarded for an operation on the territory of Chechnya.
2. Tibekin Oleg. He received the award posthumously. In 2000, Oleg allowed his colleagues to retreat near Grozny, but he himself was shot at close range.
3. Padalka Valentine. The award was presented to him in 1994. In Rostov, Valentin was at the controls of a helicopter that the terrorists demanded in exchange for the lives of the schoolchildren they had captured. Thanks to the ingenuity of the guy, all the children survived.

The list of military personnel who received a high rank could be continued for a very long time. After all, brave-hearted heroes perform the feats of our days in any extreme situation in order to save the lives of others.

Recent awards

For the Syrian campaign, by presidential decree, six military personnel were awarded the title of Hero of Russia. Among them:

- Alexander Dvornikov. As chief of staff, he commanded troops during the fighting in Syria.

-Vadim Baikulov- military spy.

- Viktor Romanov- senior test navigator.

- Andrey Dyachenko- Deputy commander of the 47th squadron, which is part of the Sixth Air Force Army.

Two servicemen received a high state award posthumously. It:

- Oleg Peshkov- lieutenant colonel, commander of the Su-24M crew, who died on 11/24/2015 during the shelling of the aircraft by the Turkish Air Force.

- Alexander Prokhorenko, who was surrounded by militants in the province of Homs and caused fire.

Award to civilians

The heroic deeds of people in our time are highly valued by the state. See the photo of the presentation of the highest state award to civilians below. It vividly confirms that the Gold Star medal these days can be received not only by military personnel. It can also be awarded to an ordinary person (there are more than a hundred of them today).

Nurdin Usamov became the first civilian to receive the country's highest award. During the war in Chechnya, he examined energy facilities in the republic. And all the work was carried out at the risk of his life. And already from the moment of the liberation of certain regions of Chechnya, he began to organize work to restore the entire energy complex of the republic. Nurdin Usamov was not frightened by the constant threats of militants who fired on and mined objects.

The exploits of heroes in our days are also performed by women. A vivid example of this is Nina Vladimirovna Brusnikina. Working in the Gryazovetsky district of the Vologda region, on April 26, 2006, she noticed a flame escaping from dry grass fodder located on the territory of a livestock complex. The woman took all possible measures to ensure that the fire did not spread to the facilities of the breeding farm. Subsequently, the firefighters who arrived at the scene of the fire confirmed that without the selfless actions of Nina Vladimirovna, it would hardly have been possible to save the complex. That is why on October 5, 2006 Brusnikina N.V. was awarded the Gold Star medal with the title of Hero of Russia.

People who were awarded the highest awards of the two countries

The 90s of the last century are characterized by the collapse of the USSR and the emergence of the Russian Federation. At the intersection of the existence of these countries, some people received a double reward.

They were awarded the title of Hero of the USSR and Hero of the Russian Federation. There are only four such citizens. Among them:

1. Konstantinovich. This is a famous astronaut with a large number of professional awards. He became a Hero of the USSR in 1989. At the same time, he was awarded the Gold Star medal. In 1992, S.K. Krikalev received the first such award of the Russian Federation.
2. Vladimirovich. Despite his medical education, he received the highest state award as an astronaut. In 1989, Polyakov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and in 1995, after completing a record space flight lasting 437 days, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.
3. Maidanov Nikolay Savinovich. This courageous man was a helicopter pilot. He received the highest award of the USSR in 1988 for military merit. The title Hero of the Russian Federation was awarded to Maidanov in 2000 posthumously.
4. Nikolaevich. This is a scientist and famous polar explorer, who was also engaged in political activities for some period of time. The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to Chilingarov after completing the most difficult government task. In 2008 he was awarded the second highest award. The scientist received the title of Hero of the Russian Federation after the completion of a deep-sea expedition.

All these people are brave and courageous citizens of their country. The heroic deeds of people in our time, Russia, as in former times, appreciates very highly. After all, all the feats were performed in extreme conditions, where it was necessary to show special resourcefulness and ingenuity.

It is worth saying that all the Heroes of Russia are extraordinary people. Often they rightfully deserve other high state awards. Thus, the world-famous gunsmith-designer M. T. Kalashnikov was not only a Hero of Russia, but was twice awarded the Hero of Socialist Labor. V. Beiskbaev - a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, as well as cosmonauts T. A. Musabaev and Yu. I. Malenchenko, are not only Heroes of the Russian Federation, but also Heroes of Kazakhstan. V. A. Wolf - Sergeant of the Airborne Forces, winner of the Hero of Russia and Hero of Abkhazia awards. S. Sh. Sharipov is a cosmonaut who is both a Hero of the Russian Federation and a Hero of Kyrgyzstan.

Heroic deeds of ordinary people

In 1997, the highest award of our country was first presented to a girl - Marina Plotnikova (posthumously). She accomplished her feat in July 1991 in the Tomalinsky district of the Penza region. Marina, along with her two younger sisters, swam in the Khoper River. They were joined by a friend - Natasha Vorobyova, who soon fell into a whirlpool and began to sink. Marina saved her. However, at this time, her younger sisters got into the whirlpool. The courageous girl was able to save them too, but she herself was exhausted and, unfortunately, died.

And even if not all the exploits of ordinary people today are evaluated by the award of the Hero of Russia. But, nevertheless, these citizens of our country can be considered as such. And despite the fact that the exploits of ordinary people today are sometimes hardly noticeable, they will forever remain in the grateful hearts of people.

The heroic deed of seventy-nine-year-old Elena Golubeva is worthy of respect and admiration. She was the first to rush to help people injured during the crash of the Nevsky Express. The elderly woman brought them clothes and her blankets.

The real heroes of the city of Iskitim (Novosibirsk region) were two students of the local assembly technical school. They, 17-year-old Nikita Miller and 20-year-old Vlad Volkov, were rounded up by a raider who tried to rob a food stall.

Alexey Peregudov, a priest from the Chelyabinsk region, did not lose his head in a difficult situation. He had to save the life of the groom right at the wedding. The guy lost consciousness during the wedding. Priest Peregudov, having examined the lying man, suggested that he had a cardiac arrest. Immediately the priest began to provide first aid. After performing an indirect heart massage, which Peregudov had previously seen only on TV, the groom came to his senses.

In Mordovia, Marat Zinatullin performed a heroic deed. This veteran of the war in Chechnya saved an elderly man by pulling him out of a burning apartment. Seeing the flame, Marat climbed onto the roof of a barn located next to the house, and from there he was able to get to the balcony. Zinatullin broke the glass and got into the apartment, where a 70-year-old pensioner, poisoned by smoke, was lying on the floor. Marat was able to open the front door and carry the victim to the entrance.

On November 30, 2013, a fisherman fell through the ice at Chernoistochinsky Pond. The worker of housing and communal services Rais Salakhutdinov came to the aid of the man. He also fished on this pond and was the first to hear the cry for help.

Courageous deeds of children

What is it, a feat in our days? An essay on this topic can highlight various situations. And among them, the courageous deeds of young citizens of our country stand out. Who are they, children - the heroes of our time? The feats of our day are performed by ordinary schoolchildren, whose courage in extreme situations causes deep respect.

For example, the youngest hero in our country is Zhenya Tabakov. At the time of the feat, he was a student of the second grade. The Order of Courage, which Zhenya was awarded, was presented to his mother. The boy received it posthumously for protecting his sister from a criminal. Under the guise of a postman, he entered the apartment and began to demand money from the children. Grabbing his sister, the criminal ordered the boy to bring everything of value that was in the apartment. Zhenya tried to protect himself and the girl by hitting the criminal with a table knife. However, the weak hand of a second grader could not harm a grown man. An enraged criminal, previously convicted of robbery and murder, inflicted eight stab wounds on Zhenya, from which the boy died the same day in the hospital.

Schoolchildren from the village of Ilyinka, located in the Tula region, Nikita Sabitov, Andrey Ibronov, Artem Voronin, Vladislav Kozyrev and Andrey Nadruz are also real heroes. The boys pulled 78-year-old pensioner Valentina Nikitina out of the well.

And in the Krasnodar Territory, schoolchildren Mikhail Serdyuk and Roman Vitkov managed to save an elderly woman who could not get out of a burning house. At the time when the boys saw the fire, the flames engulfed almost the entire veranda. Schoolchildren took an ax and a sledgehammer from the shed and broke the glass. Roman climbed into the window and, having broken down the doors, carried the woman out into the street.

And this is not all the children-heroes of our time. The feats of our days are performed by young citizens of the country, having a noble heart and a strong character.

Work for courageous people

Emergencies and serious fires often occur in the country. And so the exploits of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in our days are not uncommon. Rescuers have to act in the most difficult situations, showing courage and ingenuity. And always employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations prove their high professionalism, sometimes coming to the aid of people in difficult situations.

The exploits of firefighters today can be described for a long time. And some of them are done outside of work. For example, the senior lieutenant of the fire service from Samara, Alexander Mordvov, saw flames in the house opposite at six in the morning. The fire engulfed the five-story Khrushchev building, spreading from a pile of garbage left under the balcony of the first floor. Alexander, wearing a sports suit, rushed to help the firefighters who had already arrived at the scene. The senior lieutenant managed to bring a woman who was choking from burning into the street, but could not enter the entrance again because of the dense smoke. Alexander "borrowed" a special jacket from the fire brigade, ran into the house and carried three children and nine adults out of the burning apartments in turn. Later, at the request of the victims of the fire, the rescuer in a training suit was awarded the medal "For Merit to Samara".

The exploits of firefighters today help save the lives of not only people. Sometimes the Ministry of Emergency Situations has to rescue animals. So, once the duty officer of the Ufa search and rescue squad received a call that inhuman screams were heard from the ventilation pipe of one of the city houses. These sounds terrified the residents of nearby apartments for two days. Rescuer Alexander Permyakov found an ordinary puppy that fell into a ventilation shaft and could not get out. Getting a dog was not easy. The narrow shaft made it impossible to bend or turn around. However, Alexander managed to grab the prisoner by the tip of the tail and pulled him out.

Life often brings people into emergency situations. And the employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations are always in a hurry to help them. So, nothing foreshadowed trouble on a typical June day in Saratov. But a sudden downpour flooded the city. Many streets were under water, including St. Tankers. On it, right in the middle of the roadway, the bus of the ninetieth route stalled. Rescuers went to help passengers in trouble. The driver Konstantin Lukyanov, who transported the brigade, parked the car of the Ministry of Emergency Situations near the scene and waited for his comrades. Suddenly, he saw a multi-ton truck, which, having lost control, rushed to the bus stop. A few more moments, and the car would have crashed into people on the sidewalk. The decision was made instantly. Lukyanov took the hit himself, driving onto the roadway in front of the truck. Thanks to the selfless actions of this courageous man, the people who were at the bus stop remained alive.

The exploits of the heroes of our days are numerous. We should always remember the people who risk their lives to save the lives of others. The strength of their spirit should also inspire us to good deeds.

The feat that will be discussed is not an outlandish plot of a hasty transfer that reveals another "sensation".

This is a fact from the history of the defense of Odessa.

Fighting Odessa

It was August 1941. The first, hardest months of the Great Patriotic War for our people.

On August 1, the enemy managed to break through the Southern Front and the 4th Romanian Army, allocated to capture Odessa, reached the distant approaches to the city.

Under these conditions, on August 5, the defense of the "pearl by the sea" began. The Stavka's order was as follows: "Don't give up Odessa and defend it to the last opportunity." On the 8th, the city with its surroundings was declared under a state of siege.

The brunt of the fighting fell on parts of the Primorsky Army. In its rear, a deep system of defensive lines was hastily prepared, the front line of which, to protect the city and port from enemy artillery fire, passed at a distance of 20-25 km from the outskirts of Odessa.

On August 13, Romanian-German formations completely blocked the city from land. On the same day, the front of the troops of the Primorsky Army was divided into three defense sectors - eastern, western and southern.

On August 19, the Headquarters ordered the creation of the Odessa Defensive Region (OOR), headed by the former commander of the Odessa Naval Base, Rear Admiral Gavriil Vasilyevich Zhukov. Such a decision was understandable, because in the circumstances, only the fleet could provide fire support and transport ammunition and reinforcements to the besieged units. Only by sea was it possible to evacuate the wounded and the civilian population.

Now all responsibility for the further leadership of the defense fell on the Black Sea Fleet.

At the same time, the enemy regrouped his forces. Marshal and conductor (leader) of Romania Antonescu demanded that his officers take possession of a strategically important point as soon as possible, and set the official date for the capture of Odessa on August 23 (even a military parade was planned).

On August 20, having pulled up reserves and having a 6-fold advantage in personnel, a 5-fold advantage in artillery, a significant superiority in tanks and aircraft, the enemy went on the offensive in all 3 sectors of the city's defense at once.

Heavy battles were waged these days by parts of the Eastern Sector (the right flank of the defense). The enemy threw more than 50 thousand soldiers and officers into battle on this narrow sector of the front. Since August 22, attacks have not stopped here even at night.

Thus, for the defenders, the most critical period of the defense of Odessa began - the struggle on the near approaches to the city.

412th battery

Here, in the Eastern Sector, in a gully near the village of Chebanka, there was the 412th long-range coastal defense battery. It was built in the early 1930s according to the design of a prominent military engineer D.M. Karbyshev. Three 180-mm cannons were installed on the coastal battery, with circular fire, which could hit a target at a distance of up to 40 kilometers.

Good camouflage made the 412th invisible even from the nearby Odessa-Nikolaev highway.

Its powerful fire support was critical to the entire sector. However, designed to hit long-range targets and invulnerable to air strikes, the battery was almost defenseless from the enemy, who was next to the combat crews. And if at a critical moment something prevented putting it out of action, the enemy could, having taken possession of the guns of the 412th, send them to Odessa.

Breakthrough in the Eastern Sector

During their offensive on August 23, the Romanians decided to capture the 412th battery at any cost in order to use it to shell the airfield, port and fairway. The implementation of this plan would mean death for the besieged city.

Having a great advantage in manpower, the Romanians, supported by German submachine gunners (in our combat reports they appear as "iron crosses") stubbornly rushed to the sea, to the battery. Reinforcing their infantry with tanks and cavalry, the enemy continuously attacked the positions of the legendary marines of the 1st Marine Regiment Ya.I. Osipov.

Ignoring casualties, the enemy succeeded in pushing back the depleted units of the 1st Marines and 54th Rifles. Small groups of enemy machine gunners penetrated the junction of two regiments, and entrenched themselves at the turn 2-3 kilometers from the 412th battery.

Soon the Romanians began to surround Chebanka, the coastal battery and went to the Nikolaev road, where there was still no prepared defense in the direction of Odessa. Here the enemy stopped, waiting for the approach of their military equipment and artillery, accumulating forces to capture the 412th battery and further breakthrough to the city.

marching companies

Communication with the 412th battery was interrupted, but according to the 1st regiment of sailors, a battle was going on around it, which means that the battery is still alive. The situation was critical and the headquarters of the Odessa defensive region understood that it was necessary to act quickly.

To the head of the Eastern Sector, brigade commander S.F. Monakhov did not have enough of his own strength to knock out submachine gunners who leaked into the junction between the regiments. He asked for help, but there were no free reserves at the disposal of the headquarters. And it is impossible to transfer forces from other sectors - "they are pressing everywhere."

At this time, the commander of the defensive region G.V. Zhukov was informed that in the 2nd Naval Regiment (at that time - a reserve formation) there were two marching companies that had just arrived for replenishment, but they were not armed.

According to the commissar of the battalion, to which both companies came, S.I. Bondarenko, all 250 people were miners from Donbass. They were eager to fight, but there was nothing to arm them with.

Rear Admiral Zhukov clarified how they owned the grenade. According to the battalion commander: they threw a blank, but no one had yet taken a real grenade in their hands, but the majority knew the device and how to handle it.

After consulting with a member of the Military Council of the OOR, Brigadier Commissar I.I. Azarov, realizing that there was no other way out, the commander decided to send miners from the 2nd Marine Regiment to the front line, and ordered Commissioner S.I. Bondarenko to prepare them for battle.

An hour later, vehicles should arrive for the miners to transfer the group to the Eastern Sector to help the commander of the 1st Marine Regiment, Yakov Osipov. Each fighter must have at least five grenades.

I.I. Azarov wanted to personally prepare the miners for battle. But Commissar Bondarenko objected, insisting that in the 2nd Regiment they would "handle this task themselves", since "the miners are good people."

We would only have weapons ... - he concluded bitterly.

Rear Admiral G.V. Zhukov angrily demanded that Brigadier Commissar Azarov remain at headquarters: "For a member of the Military Council to replace a battalion commissar or a company political officer - this was still not enough!"

Ilya Ilyich obeyed, but a bitter aftertaste remained in his soul: to send people into battle without rifles, with only grenades ...

Fees

I forever remembered how the miners went into their battle, the political instructor of the 2nd Marine Regiment S.I. Bondarenko. His story is cited in the memoirs of I.I. Azarov:

“First they gathered the communists. Explained the task. They said: we need to rescue the coastal battery.

If the enemy captures the battery,” began Pronin, the political instructor of the company, “they will turn its powerful naval guns on the city ... Do you understand?
“Yes, they will shoot us without guns, like partridges,” someone interrupted Pronin.
- And you already tail tucked in! - comrades amicably piled on the replica who threw it.

Then they gathered everyone. It was about the same.

Someone hesitantly said:
- Going into battle without a weapon is like going into a mine without a jackhammer...
- And how many grenades will they give? another asked.
"Six or eight each," replied Pronin.
- Nothing, - someone reassured everyone else, - a grenade is also a weapon ...
- It's time, right? - finally said one tall miner.

12 people remained in the barracks - the wounded and sick. They were handed hastily written letters, asked to write down the addresses of relatives.

At the request of the miners, everyone was given vests, except for grenades they were given sapper shovels. Senior Lieutenant Silin was appointed commander of the detachment, I.A. Pronin.

When they got into the cars, they sang: "Listen, worker, the war has begun."

Night fight

Unfortunately, little is known about the details of that battle. From the book of the former member of the Military Council of the OOR I.I. Azarov, you can find out that “after a strong preparation, the enemy, taking advantage of the twilight, threw two battalions on the 412th battery. The soldiers marched to their full height, in waves. They walked ... fell ... walked again. They were let closer. And then heavy and anti-tank guns, four 82-mm mortars immediately rumbled. They rumbled for 21 minutes. The enemy could not stand the fire, ran. There are more than 500 corpses left on the battlefield."

When Azarov got through to the commander of the 1st Naval Regiment Osipov, he reported in a broken voice that communication with the 412th battery had been restored. The enemy group is pinned to the shore. There are prisoners. The enemy was trying to expand the gap at the junction where machine gunners had leaked. A company moving there with attached mortar teams was met by miners with grenades. They saved the day.

“They have very heavy losses,” Osipov said muffledly, “the company commander, Senior Lieutenant Silin, was killed ... When he fell, there was confusion. But he got up and ran again. The second time he fell - and did not get up. The company was led into the attack by political instructor Pronin.

Complementing the picture of the battle is the valuable testimony of Sergeant F.S., who fought on the 412th battery. Zadoi: “On the night of August 24, the battery was surrounded, and the entire personnel repelled continuous attacks 100 meters from the guns. There were a lot of Romanians and they always climbed on us. There was no connection with the command in Odessa.

Suddenly, in the area of ​​​​the Nikolaev road, a battle began. Grenade explosions were visible, explosions and shooting were heard. The assault on the battery ceased, and the battle in the area of ​​the road continued for some time, but then subsided. The defenders of the battery understood that help had come, and they were sure that these were the sailors of the 1st regiment, our neighbors. In the meantime, it was dawn, and no one was coming to our battery.

We, several batterymen, carefully approached the battlefield and saw a terrible picture. In front of the road, in the grass, in the bushes, lay the corpses of Romanian soldiers with cut heads, shoulders, the bodies of our dead soldiers in vests, the groans of the wounded, swearing, calls for help were heard ...

Rumanian rifles lay on the ground. Some of our dead fighters had bloodied sapper shovels, knives and the same Romanian rifles with broken butts in their hands.

On the side of the road sat an old, bearded soldier in a midshipman's coat, another soldier was bandaging his shoulder. The old man asked for a cigarette, then said that it was necessary to find a new commander - a miner, he was lying here somewhere, maybe alive. The old sailor was a local resident, a lighthouse keeper. He sat down in the village to show the way to the 412th battery, but also went into battle along with everyone else.

Then we were told that our rescuers were miners from the city of Stalino. At the cost of their lives, they saved not only the battery, but also Odessa.

Later, when we had already blown up the battery and joined the 1st Marine Regiment, the batterymen again remembered the night battle, and came to the unanimous opinion that only miners, with their character and strength, could accomplish such a feat ... ".

Here is how, passing each line through his own heart, this battle was reconstructed by a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, military historian Novomir Tsarikhin:

“The column with the headlights extinguished rushed along the Nikolaevskaya road, towards Chebanka. Soon, explosions and glowing chains of tracer bullets became clearly visible ahead. There was a fight...

Before reaching the road to the 412th battery, a column of cars was fired upon, apparently, the Romanians heard the noise of engines from a distance.

The miners dismounted and advanced.

On the road itself, on the sides and next to the road, there were many Romanians, the night was bright, and they could be seen.

Suddenly, the miners rushed to the attack and used grenades, and the commanders, in short bursts from their machine guns, began to shoot enemy soldiers, as in a shooting range. And although panic began among the Romanians, they opened fire on the miners.

Our fighters mixed with the Romanians, and, wielding sapper shovels, knives and fists, switched to hand-to-hand combat.

Screams, shooting, swearing, groans ...

The fight was short lived.

During the battle, the commander of the detachment, Senior Lieutenant Silin, died. He was replaced by political instructor Pronin, but he also fell seriously wounded in the stomach. The team was taken over by some miner, whom the whole detachment knew.

On the Nikolaev road, volunteers defeated the Romanians, some of whom fled.

Under the leadership of the new commander, the remaining miners lined up, and at his loud command, with shouts of "hurrah", already with weapons in their hands, rushed to attack the Romanians who surrounded the battery. At first, they resisted, but then, unable to withstand the fierce onslaught, leaving their wounded and killed on the battlefield, they began to retreat, mistaking a detachment of miners for a large military unit.

In their first and last battle, the miners from the city of Stalino fulfilled the order and military oath, saved the 412th battery from capture and eliminated the possibility of a breakthrough to Odessa by the Romanian troops.

The miners themselves almost all died, not thinking about glory, orders, or monuments ... ".

To remember...

Years have passed.

Majestic obelisks have grown on the sites of bloody battles. The heroic defense lines of Odessa were covered with a chain of monuments and turned into the “Belt of Glory”.

And on the abandoned 412th battery, a worthy monument did not appear.

I.I. was the first to mention the warrior-miners in his books dedicated to the defense of Odessa. Azarov. Brief, often distorted information about the battle at the 412th battery made its way from time to time in the military history and local history literature. And in 1985, a small episode dedicated to these events "slipped" in the feature film "The Feat of Odessa". But this did not change the situation - the feat of the miners remained not immortalized, and, in general, practically unknown.

However, the story about the miners of Donbass made a strong impression on one person. He was from Odessa, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, a retired colonel, a researcher at the Military History Museum of the Southern Operational Command - Novomir Tsarikhin. Struck by the courage of the “Stalin miners”, starting in the 1980s, he independently searched for information about the battle near the battery in Chebank, having managed to collect a number of valuable evidence. Conducting excursions, speaking in newspapers and on television, N.I. Tsarikhin tried to draw attention to the problem of perpetuating the "forgotten feat" of the miners. And once he succeeded.

On May 6, 2010, in the year of the 65th anniversary of the Great Victory in Odessa, near the former 412th battery, a monument to the courage and heroism of the miners of Donbass was solemnly opened, a monument to soldiers who gave their lives "for their friends." Next to him, the remains of 42 marines who died in 1941 during the defense of Odessa were reburied.

On September 9, 2010, the "man with a big heart" Novomir Ivanovich Tsarikhin passed away, but he managed not only to pass on his baton of memory further, but also to see how a 5-meter miner in a sailor's vest.

What the Donetsk miners have done is an example of courage, bravery and heroism, an example of a civic feat. Ordinary workers went out to meet the enemy practically with their bare hands and defeated him. The cost of victory was high. But the goal was no less significant - the freedom of the country, the life of relatives and friends, the victory over fascism.

The time has come when fascism, with the support of the West, once again raised its head. This happened on the land of our fraternal Ukrainian people. The Ukrainian bell rings for our souls too. The main target of the West is Russia. If we cannot oppose anything, then fascism will come to our land.

The time has come when the citizens of Ukraine and Russia must resist the impending fascism.
March 15, 2014 at 14:00 in Moscow from the station. m. Trubnaya, the March of Brotherhood and Civil Resistance will begin.

We invite everyone who is ready to stand in the ranks civil resistance, take part in the march.