Everyone loves the sea. For some, it is associated with brave captains. For some - with incredible travels and distant countries. For some, the main association is a marine cap.

Such an acquisition allows a person to imagine himself right on the beach under the hot sun on warm sand with the splash of caressing coastal waves. In general, it is extremely difficult to find such a person who would not be attracted by a sea cap. This is a wonderful reminder of restless waves and salty wind. People who have seen the sea at least once always try to surround themselves with things of this theme. This hat is one of them.

Sea cap: a bit of history

So, in more detail. A marine cap is an ideal option for those men who, from early childhood, dreamed of becoming captains of large ships. If suddenly it was possible to try on such a headdress, happiness literally knew no bounds.

And the sea cap has changed, since the time of Peter the Great, more than once. In the pre-revolutionary fleet, this accessory appeared in 1812. The headdress was dark green, equipped with a black lacquered visor and three white edgings. Seventy years later, the cap changed its color to black. After the February Revolution, the attribute was transformed into a soft French-style cap with a straight peak and a gold cord. In the Russian tsarist army, the cap appeared thanks to Paul the First.

Main details

The marine form, of course, implies the mandatory presence of this headdress. First of all, he is a serious attribute of power over the elements, control of the ship, authority among the captain's subordinates.

Withstands a wide variety of weather conditions. And the cap, of course, also becomes a faithful companion of the owner of the ship.

Its main elements include cockade, band, crown, piping, welt and visor. Also, the attribute must have a special insert made of a steel hoop. While wearing, it allows you to maintain and maintain the shape of the headdress.

Great popularity

Sea cap (white) is a favorite attribute of members of various yacht clubs and owners of small vessels. In port cities, such a “captain” has long turned into a traditional tourist souvenir. Many manufacturers put their own insignia on these headgear. Caps are made, as a rule, from cotton and are equipped with embroidered patches made on automatic machines. The cockade is decorated with a gold cord and buttons with anchors. Of course, it is necessary to wash such things only by hand.

The accessory is also popular among the organizers and participants of sea parties. Sometimes they are decorated with additional metal fittings.

Finally

Whether it's a sailor's peakless cap or other variations of headgear for those people who are somehow connected with the fleet, these things do not cease to be in great demand. Consider the main models.

• Navy summer caps are one of the most well-known options. They are also worn in the merchant marine. Only in this case, “crabs” (cockades) are added to them and “oaks” are not installed on the visor (with the exception of captains). They are made from lightweight materials. Although there are exceptions (it all depends on the wishes of customers). The first ones, of course, are much more convenient to use in the hot season. They allow the head to "breathe".
• Caps of the civilian fleet usually have visors embroidered with bronze thread. There are winter and summer models that perfectly protect your head from cold and heat. They look perfect with long coats and say a lot!
• Admiral's caps are made of cloth with a top with a spring ("airfield"). The visor is embroidered with gilding. In this, the admiral's cap differs from the usual one, in principle. The height of the crown is negotiated with the future owner before manufacturing. The generally accepted size is sixty-five millimeters. The senior commanders wear caps with a larger crown.
• Cadet naval caps are a classic style. They differ from officer ones in a more budgetary option, with a low crown and a cockade called “nut”. Very often, such hats are ordered by employees of the civilian fleet. Naturally, with matching visors and without white piping. This nostalgic thing is reminiscent of the good old traditions of both the tsarist and the Soviet fleet. Looks great with a raincoat and other uniform outerwear. In solemn occasions - an irreplaceable accessory for a sailor.

FROM THE HISTORY OF THE ARMY AND NAVY HEADWEAR
Website materials used:
http://piratghostship.narod.ru
http://www.greenforest.ru
http://www.museum.ru

The headdress is an important insignia. From it we learn the time in which a person lives, his belonging to one or another class or circle of society, his social position, upbringing, well-being. A headdress can say a lot about a person.

Let's take a soldier's shako. This is not only a stunningly beautiful piece of military uniform. Every detail of this headgear performs its task. The shako protects from impact - the bottom is made in a special way and the double-headed eagle protects the forehead. This beautiful sultan is not only an ornament, as some people think, it is first of all a ramrod for cleaning a gun. There is a special pocket in the shako for him.

As for the bicorne, it was also worn throughout the Empire by both soldiers and officers. Later, this headdress was worn only for going out into the city. He had no other advantages, except cheapness. It did not protect against impacts and fragments (if there was no frame), it had two grooves, which, like "gutter gutters", poured rain onto its owner. Over time, the height of the fields increased, and the back field was wider and higher than the front, which was the trend of that time. They wore a hat "en batal" i.e. across the head and "el colonne" - along the head in a column. It was made of black felt with black braided edges and had existed since royal times practically unchanged, except for some that corresponded to the new revolutionary fashion. The tricolor cockade was fastened with an aurora buttonhole and a small uniform button. The mouth pom-pom was made of wool and attached to a metal base, which was inserted into a small pocket on the hat under the cockade. In wartime, a frame made of blued iron was put on the crown of the hat, to facilitate it, it was made from strips welded together, but there were also all-metal samples. The frame was in the form of a hat crown and was intended to protect the head from blows; in everyday life it was called secrete (secret). Buttonholes and "sleepers" were of various colors - black, white, yellow, orange. There were tassels in the corners - red, the officers had either gold or silver. It should be noted that there was a general upward trend in the brim of the hat. When hiking, a waxed cover was worn on the hat.

In addition, another headpiece of the Napoleonic era is very remarkable, the so-called. - BEAR HAT. It was worn in the elite companies of the regiment (grenadiers or carabinieri) from 1789 to 1809-10. without any changes. In 1812 they were abolished (officially), but continue to exist in some regiments (as in the 46th Line Regiment they were worn even at Waterloo). The fur was black or brown (bear or goat). The fur was smoothed down, the bottom ("monkey's ass") was made of scarlet cloth, with a white or blue cross (gold or silver for officers). There was a variant of the bottom with a white grenada. Cord ("etishket"), consisted of a braided part and a simple one. It was decorated with a tassel and an etishket (two kutas and cordons), which ended in tassels. According to the order of the 4th Brumer An IX (October 26, 1801), the cap frame should be 318 mm, it was made of cowhide, lined with morocco on the inside. The height of the hat in front is 33 cm, in the back 27 cm. The cord is made of scarlet wool, but the latter option was not accepted, and the old white one continued to be used. As for the size of the bear's hat, at first they were observed strictly in accordance with the regulations, and then the height of the frame reached 350 mm and more. On the left side, a tricolor cockade was sewn to the cap. Behind it was a deep nest (a lined leather pocket), into which a red plume of cock feathers was inserted in full dress. By wearing this hat, they brightly tried to emphasize their peculiarity - elitism. Brass plates also varied at first, but then came to uniformity. There were variants of a hat with a visor and a brass rim. Not so often, but still there were options when hats could be equipped with a chin strap with copper scales or plain leather. On a hike, a waxed cover was put on the hat.

There is, perhaps, a special need to talk about the introduction of new headgear in the fleet. From the time of Peter the Great to the present day, they have been modified several times. Until the 18th century, sailors had hats in the shape of a truncated cone made of lamb with a brim turned up around the entire hat.

The headdress - cap - first appeared in the Russian army in 1797. In the 18th and early 19th centuries. in wartime, military formations allocated special people - foragers - to procure food, fodder, fuel and building materials for cavalry and artillery units. It was extremely inconvenient to carry out these duties in hats. It was then that the so-called forage hats, issued to foragers for the first time, appeared, which were a pointed cloth cap folded in half. In this form, the forage hat resembled a modern cap. The forage cap (foragerka, forage cap), which changed its cut and adopted all the elements of a modern peakless cap, that is, a band and a crown, was introduced in November 1811 as an everyday, everyday headdress in all parts of the army and navy (while retaining the shako and helmets, and the officers have hats). They were dark green peakless caps with three white edgings: one on the top and two on the edges of the band. In 1834, on the bands of the lower ranks of small port, or so-called last, ships and working crews, crew numbers or capital letters of the unit and team were applied. The letters were punched, with a yellow lining. Only 10 years later, in 1844, inscriptions of company numbers appeared on the cap bands of the lower ranks of the entire Russian Navy.

In addition to peakless caps, in 1855 caps with visors were introduced for dress uniforms, on the bands of which coats of arms or cockades were attached. Two years later, in 1857, the sailor's cap gave way to a black oilcloth wide-brimmed hat with a ribbon for the first time worn around the band. The hats had small earmuffs and a lace for tying under the chin. The custom of sailors of all countries to wear a ribbon on sailor caps originates from the fishermen of the Mediterranean Sea, who in the old days, setting sail on their fragile sailing boats, usually received from mothers, wives, loved ones ribbons with embroidered words of prayer, spells, heart reminders. The sailor tied his long hair with a gifted ribbon in the superstitious belief that the loving hand of his mother or bride, embroidering a saving prayer, would invisibly protect him from all kinds of disasters at sea. Sometimes an inscription was painted on the ribbon with the name of the beloved or with words that determined the character of its owner: Don't touch me, the Brave One, Sea tramp, etc. In 1872, ribbons appeared on caps. Until that time, on the bands of sailor's caps, as mentioned above, only slotted letters and numbers were placed, which were painted over or lined with yellow cloth.

Thus, from 1852 to 1872, the lower ranks of the navy wore a peakless cap without a ribbon, and in full dress, a round lacquered hat with a ribbon, which later switched to a peakless cap. In November 1872, by a special order of the Admiral General (“the head of the entire fleet and the Naval Department”), the type of inscriptions, the size of the letters and the shape of the anchors on the ribbons were already precisely determined. August 19, 1874 By order of the Admiral General, a new uniform was announced. Since then, and for a long time, black peakless caps with a white woolen edging (edging), black ribbons and the name of the ship or crew number on it, as well as with a cockade, fixed on the crown, were installed. At the same time, the oblong font of the inscriptions on the tape and its length of 140 cm were approved.

From July 8, 1878, the sailors of the Guards Naval Crew and the sailors of the ships manned by the personnel of this crew began to wear black and orange St. George ribbons with the inscription "Guards crew" on their caps. In commemoration of the glorious participation of the Black Sea crews in the defense of Sevastopol, the naval ranks of these crews were also granted St. George ribbons. There is an opinion that the black and orange colors of the St. George Ribbon repeat the former dynastic colors. This is not true.
The historical heraldic colors of the Russian monarchy are gold with black or yellow with black. On the approval of the black and orange colors of the St. George's Ribbon, there is a definite indication in 1769 that the colors are given purely "military": orange is the color of the flame, black is the color of cannon and gunpowder smoke.

After the October Revolution, the uniform of the sailors of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet (RKKF) remained unchanged. In 1921, a sample of uniforms for military sailors was approved: for command personnel - a cap and a winter hat, a coat (from 1925 - an overcoat) of Marengo color, a black jacket and trousers, dark blue and white tunics; for the Red Navy - a peakless cap, a coat (since 1925, an overcoat) of Marengo color, a black pea jacket, a dark blue flannel and white shirt with a blue collar, a vest, black trousers and work clothes made of gray canvas. The peakless cap has undergone only minor changes - the band and edges have become somewhat narrower, the length of the ribbon has been reduced, and instead of the name of the ship, the name of the fleet appeared on the ribbons. In 1923, a single cubic font was approved for the Red Navy ribbons, which still exists. The tape served (and still serves) for tying under the chin around the neck so that the peakless cap is not blown away by the wind. A special ribbon on the caps of sailors of the navy is the ribbon of the Guards ships, approved together with the Guards badge in 1943. This ribbon has the color of the Order of Glory ribbon of alternating traditional orange and black stripes.
In the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet in 1923, a black, without white piping, soft Red Navy cap with a ribbon and a metal emblem was introduced. The badge-emblem of the Red Navy in 1924 was replaced by a combined arms red enameled asterisk. In 1933, the soft model of the cap was replaced by a hard one, with a wire frame in the fields.
In 1939, the Red Navy peakless cap, together with the commander's cap with a peak, received white piping on the top and bottom of the tulle. Since 1973, the emblem on the peakless cap of sailors and foremen of military service (as well as on hats with earflaps) is a red enameled star framed with gold metal leaves.
Almost all elements of the sailor's uniform - a shirt with a turn-down collar, trousers of a special cut, some types of vests - were borrowed mainly in Holland, and only a peakless cap is a Russian national headdress. Many found its appearance beautiful and attractive, it impressed foreign sailors so much that soon the Russian peakless cap won recognition in all the fleets of the world.
For those who wear a peakless cap, it reminds of the glorious military past of our fleet. The peakless cap was worn by the legendary scout, the hero of the defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855. sailor Pyotr Koshka ... During the Great Patriotic War, Soviet sailors, leaving the ships and becoming infantrymen, carefully kept peakless caps and, in the hot moment of battle, neglecting the danger, put them on instead of helmets. Clutching ribbons in their teeth, marines Ivan Krasnoselsky, Daniil Odintsov, Yuri Parshin and Vasily Tsibulko rushed under Nazi tanks with bundles of grenades, following the example of political instructor Nikolai Filchenkov ...

As for the officer's naval cap, in the pre-revolutionary fleet (along with the general army) it appears in 1812 as a dark green cap with three white piping and a black patent leather visor. Having changed only its color to black in 1884, the cap existed until the February Revolution, when in April 1917 it was replaced by a soft, French-style black cap without piping with a straight peak, a gold lace, an emblem and a black moiré ribbon around the band. The latter had never before been worn in the Russian fleet. A black ribbon appeared for the first time among the British, when in the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) an English naval commander, Vice Admiral G. Nelson, was killed on the deck of his flagship Victory by a well-aimed French bullet. As a sign of mourning, the British officers tied black crepe bands on the tops of their hats, and the sailors - black neckerchiefs-ties, still preserved in the uniform of English sailors ...

For more than a hundred years, from the beginning of the 18th century, the cocked hat was the main headdress of the generals, admirals and officers of the Russian army and navy. According to the number of galloons on the hat, according to the decoration of its sides with lace, the ranks of service seniority were distinguished (seniority was determined in the 18th century, in addition to sewing on a cocked hat, also by the number of galloons on the side of the caftan and camisole, as well as by the number of buttons on the cuffs). In the 19th century the former cocked hat, having changed its style, was (along with the cap that appeared) the most common headdress. From 1868, triangular hats were excluded from the dress code of officers and generals of the army and were left only for officers and admirals of the fleet until 1917. The hat was part of the dress uniform.

At the beginning of the XIX century. in the navy, a shako appeared as a headdress for the personnel of the Guards naval crew, naval battalions and naval educational institutions: the Naval Corps and the School of Naval Architecture. Shakos were made of hard-worked leather, sometimes cloth, decorated in front with a plaque (emblem) or a special sign, and had an ornament at the top (called a sultan, sometimes a pompom). Above the lower edge of the shako, a scaly, made of copper plaques, chin strap and a black leather visor were strengthened. The most common was the shape of a truncated cone with a wide base, worn with the widened part up (until the 1840s), and later, on the contrary, with the widened part down. The weight of the shako in some samples reached two kilograms, with a total height with a sultan of up to 60-70 cm. By 1820, the shako was given to all naval units in general and was worn both in dress and service uniforms. So, for example, on December 14, 1825, on Senate Square, both officers and sailors of the Guards Naval Crew were wearing shakos. The quivers were abolished in 1855.
In 1910, the so-called dragoon-type winter hats with an oval black cloth bottom trimmed with white edging were introduced in the fleet for the crews of ships that were wintering.

It is appropriate to recall that the first sample of such a winter headdress was used by the famous Norwegian polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen in his drift in the ice of the Arctic Ocean on the Fram ship in 1893-1896. Sometimes in the literature, therefore, the name Nansen cap is found.

Naval winter hats relied only on the x / s of the ship's crew (for one combat shift) only when carrying out outdoor watches in the cold season and did not enter the personal property of the sailor.
In the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet, warm winter hats with earflaps of black cloth with black fur were introduced for the Red Navy in 1926. The top of the cap for privates and foremen was made of black cloth with a wadded lining, and for command personnel it was now made of black leather . Since 1973, fur hats of captains of the 1st rank and admirals have leather visors, and admirals have visors with gold-embroidered ornaments. The emblem is fixed on the front of the band of the fur hat.

In conclusion, a story about a headdress:

One colonel wrote a letter to General of the Army Yazov: “Comrade General of the Army! An excellent winter headdress is provided for colonels - a hat. In winter, you can immediately see from afar that a colonel or an older rank is ahead. Was a special type of summer headgear designed for colonels and generals? Answer D.T. Yazov:
"Comrade Colonel! As an exception, I allow you to wear a hat in the summer."

Do you remember the lyrics of the famous song? The one in which the sailor goes home on leave. Remember? He also has a chest in medals, and ribbons in anchors. Let's try to figure out why the peakless cap is part of the naval uniform and why this uniform is so different from the uniforms of other military branches.

Someone may say, since they are wearing it, therefore, the CHARTER requires it, serve, and do not ask stupid questions. In fact, everything is much more interesting. After all, it’s not for nothing that on the day of the Navy, everyone who is involved in the sea wears not only vests, but also sailor peakless caps, because they symbolize a person’s involvement in naval service, in sailing on ships on the seas. All these people are proud of their life on ships, their service, and until the end of their lives they will keep as a memory for their children and grandchildren their sea cap, which is decorated with ribbons with anchors.

The first peakless caps

A long and rather thorny path went through the headdress of sailors before it turned into the very same peakless cap familiar to everyone. Let's try to trace it.

Initially, the Mormans acquired a soft hat with a brim. These hats were lying around, like felt boots made of wool. This hat was introduced into the naval uniform at the very beginning of the 18th century. It was a very comfortable and simple headdress. Sailors, with such a hat, looked more like a peasant. For more than one hundred and fifty years, such headdresses were part of uniforms. Of course there were some changes.

The end of the nineteenth century was marked by the introduction of the fleet, by decree of Emperor Paul I - grenadiers. This is a very bulky outfit. Such a hat was about thirty centimeters high. Another headdress was introduced - the shako. And he was uncomfortable too. Imagine that you are wearing a small bucket on your head that expands towards the bottom. So imagine how such decoration on the head prevented the sailors from performing their main task, restricting their movements.

Around the beginning of the 19th century, the first cap appeared. As part of military formations, the position of a forager is introduced. This is a special person who has to store fodder for the cavalry troops. They wore such foragers - forage hats that looked like a cap with a sharp top. Approximately in the center, it was bent in half and looked like a modern cap.

Ribbons on peakless caps

As time went on, the forage hat changed its cut and gradually became similar to the peakless cap of our days. Since 1811, this cap has become everyday, both in the army and in the navy. But sailors were taught to attach ribbons to their caps by Mediterranean fishermen, who were given ribbons by relatives and friends. Prayers were embroidered on ribbons when they went to sea, on their sailing ships. Initially, hair was tied with ribbons, with the hope that now higher powers would protect them.

Sailors did not wear ribbons on warships until 1806. The tradition of wearing ribbons was founded by the sailors of the English captain Brisbane during the siege of the Dutch fortress.

Ribbons also have a practical side. She can fasten a cap in the wind and save it. If a cap was found on the water, this indicated that its owner had died.

In the Russian Navy, ribbons were first introduced in 1857. Until that time, only letters and numbers were cut through, they were painted over, or yellow cloth was placed under them.

Modern maritime traditions regarding peakless caps

In our time, the names of ships have been removed from nautical ribbons. They were replaced with faceless names of the fleet, or even just the word "NAVY". But many sailors are trying to stand out from the general gray mass of the rest, and badges with the names of ships began to appear on uniforms. The authorities did their best to eradicate these hazing badges, but the tradition continued to live. There were "demobilization" tapes. They were ordered illegally and dressed leaving the reserve.

So the old tradition continues. Lives, despite all the efforts of the command.

Who said, that captain's hat Is this a headdress that only sailors wear? Today captain's cap This is a fashionable accessory that will be a great addition to your outfit.

Kapitanka is a slang term for a captain's cap. real captain's cap is an element of the uniform and is regulated by various orders. As a rule, captains only copy a real naval cap and have nothing to do with authentic caps.

The captain is a traditional attribute of members of various yacht clubs or simply owners of small vessels on which the captain can "introduce" his insignia and heraldry. In maritime tourist cities, captains are a traditional tourist souvenir.

A little history of the appearance of the naval captain's cap-cap

Almost every man, as a child, dreamed of becoming the captain of a large ship. If a moment of happiness came, and it was possible to try on the cap of a real sailor, then there was simply no limit to happiness. But it is worth recognizing that not everyone was able to determine the rank of a military man by his cap. Having studied even superficially the history of the appearance of marine headdresses, it becomes clear that from the time of the Great Peter the Great to the present day, this headdress has been modified more than once. For example, the captain's cap appeared in the pre-revolutionary fleet back in 1812. It was a dark green cap with three white edgings and a lacquered black visor. In 1884, the cap changed its color to black and lasted in this form until the February Revolution. April 1917 replaced the cap with a black, soft, French-style cap with a gold cord and a straight peak. As for the tsarist Russian army, here the merit of the appearance of the cap can be fully given to Paul I. In the Russian fleet, the cap was introduced in 1796. On such military, uniform caps on crowns and bands, a cockade was sewn on or pinned without fail.

Peakless cap (peakless cap)- a uniform headdress for foragers in the Russian army, which, with a slight modification, was introduced as a uniform headdress for sailors of the Russian fleet. This cap differed from the modern peakless cap by the absence of a ribbon, dark green color and large piercing numbers of naval crews on the bands.

History of occurrence

Taras Shevchenko as a soldier of a separate line battalion of the Russian army in a peakless cap, 1847.

In November 1811, under Emperor Alexander I, a peakless cap was introduced in all parts of the fleet in the form of an everyday headdress.

Peakless cap of the early 20th century.

At the beginning of the XIX century. the bands of sailor's caps were decorated with letters and numbers, which were lined with yellow cloth.

Since the middle of the XIX century. a detail was added to the peakless cap - white edgings that adorn the sailor's headdress to this day.

In 1857, oilcloth hats of sailors began to decorate the first ribbons. In 1872, these ribbons appeared on caps.

In the 70s. 19th century a black peakless cap is introduced. On August 19, 1874, ribbons were approved for the rank and file of the crew, which were normalized by the exact size and shape of the letters. In 1923, the font of applied letters was established on the Red Navy ribbons.

In 1943, a ribbon of guard ships appeared on the caps of Soviet sailors. It is of particular importance because it alternates with stripes of orange and black. Orange is the color of the flame, black is the color of gunpowder smoke.

It is worth noting the fact that the tape on the peakless cap had a practical application. In strong windy weather, sailors held the peakless cap by tying the ends of the ribbon around the neck or clamping it with their teeth. The length of the tape was 160 cm, more than modern caps.

The main details of the peakless cap

Black peakless cap of sailors and foremen of the Russian Navy.

Band - part of the headdress, a dense rim that fits the head.

Crown - the main, upper part of a hat, cap or cap (without brim, band, visor, etc.).

Vypushka - sheathing headgear.

Ribbon on a sailor cap.

White - summer or front - cover.

Cockade - (from the French cocardes, "rooster feathers") - a special metal or cloth sign on a headdress in some armies, types of armed forces and military branches.

Modern peakless cap

By order of 1921, a peakless cap was approved for sailors and foremen of all articles of the Soviet fleet and has not changed much since then.

Initially, the name of the ship or naval crew was stamped on the cap ribbon. In 1949, when the question of maintaining the secrecy of the names of the ships arose, the inscriptions were replaced with the names of the fleets.

The exceptions were the peakless caps of the crew of the legendary cruiser Aurora. In the end, the inscription "Navy" was left. Currently, the tradition of indicating the name of the ship on the ribbon is returning. In the modern Russian fleet, the peakless cap has become attached to sailors and foremen as a headdress for full dress and full dress uniforms.

Capless foreign countries

The peakless cap of the US Navy is replaced by a white panama hat, without identification marks and ribbons traditional for the Russian fleet. The American "peakless cap" has not undergone any changes since the Second World War.

It is a casual wear headdress that replaced the unpopular "Donald Duck" cap, named for its resemblance to the headdress of a Disney cartoon character.

In Great Britain, the lower ranks of the Royal Navy were equipped with caps, on which the name of the ship was embroidered, but this was the case before the Second World War.

After the entry of England into the war, the name of the ship on the ribbon band of the peakless cap was replaced by the inscription of the three letters "HMS", which stood for "His Majesty's Ship" without the name of the ship. This was due to a simple precaution during the war.

The German Navy did the same, removing the inscriptions of the ship's name from the ribbons. The rank and file of the navy wore blue peakless caps, which gradually fell out of use and remained part of the dress uniform, which was distinguished by the presence of a white cover, on top of which a black-white-red cockade was attached, the state emblem - an eagle - was sewn above.

Links

• https://pilotka.org/content/blogcategory/19/45/ ".
• https://paraparabellum.ru/uniforma/ ".