The main differences between the USE-2014 and the USE-2015
*Changednumber of parts (remaining 2
parts)
*Changed
the number of tasks in the examination
work (reduced from 39 to 25)
*Changed
maximum primary score for
doing work (reduced from 64 to 55)
*Included
exercise)
work with a dictionary entry (third
fewer and fewer people
English! (2)<…>according to
on our planet.
influential languages of the world.
>>
1. Information processing of written texts of various styles and genres
(1) We lamented that they know the Russian languageplanets - where do we care about Chinese or
study of American scientists, Russian
the most influential languages on the planet. (3) Near
Italian, German and French.
fewer and fewer people
English! (2)<…>according to
confidently included in the number of six
with him - English, Spanish,
Which of the following sentences correctly conveys MAIN
information contained in the text?
1) We cannot be pleased with the fact that fewer and fewer people know the Russian language
on our planet.
2) Due to our concern about the decrease in the number of people who speak
Russian language, American scientists included it among the six most
influential languages of the world.
3) Along with the Russian language, the most influential languages of the planet are
English, Chinese, Spanish, Italian, German and French.
4) According to American scientists, the Russian language is confidently among
the six most influential languages on the planet.
5) Among the six most influential languages in the world, according to a study
American scientists, includes the Russian language.
>>
Types of erroneous answer options in tasks No. 1 of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language (according to the demo version)
<…>in the plans
Which of the following sentences correctly conveys MAIN
information contained in the text?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
natural resources.
>>
Peripheral rather than main idea presented
(1) If you look at the map, then make sure that Siberia is more than halfterritory of the Russian Federation, it is approximately equal to Europe, is
almost a quarter of all of Asia and one fifteenth of the entire landmass of the Earth. (2) But Siberia
surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world's largest
treasury of forests, oil and gas reserves. (3) Exactly<…>in the plans
economic development of Russia Siberia is given great attention.
Which of the following sentences correctly conveys MAIN
information contained in the text?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Siberia, which occupies two-fifths of Asia, in the plans for economic development
Russia is getting a lot of attention.
Siberia surprises us not only with its size and uniqueness, but also with the fact that it is
the world's largest treasury of minerals.
In the plans for the economic development of Russia, Siberia is given great attention,
because this region is rich in natural resources.
Siberia occupies a special place in the development of the world economy, since this region
occupies one fifteenth of the entire land mass of the Earth and huge
natural resources.
Siberia, which has enormous natural wealth, in terms of economic
much attention is paid to the development of Russia.
>>
Cause-and-effect relationships are violated in the proposal
(1) If you look at the map, then make sure that Siberia is more than halfterritory of the Russian Federation, it is approximately equal to Europe, is
almost a quarter of all of Asia and one fifteenth of the entire landmass of the Earth. (2) But Siberia
surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world's largest
treasury of forests, oil and gas reserves. (3) Exactly<…>in the plans
economic development of Russia Siberia is given great attention.
Which of the following sentences correctly conveys MAIN
information contained in the text?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Siberia, which occupies two-fifths of Asia, in the plans for economic development
Russia is getting a lot of attention.
Siberia surprises us not only with its size and uniqueness, but also with the fact that it is
the world's largest treasury of minerals.
In the plans for the economic development of Russia, Siberia is given great attention,
because this region is rich in natural resources.
Siberia occupies a special place in the development of the world economy, since this region
occupies one fifteenth of the entire land mass of the Earth and huge
natural resources.
Siberia, which has enormous natural wealth, in terms of economic
much attention is paid to the development of Russia.
>>
Inaccurate, opposite or contradictory meaning of the text
(1) If you look at the map, then make sure that Siberia is more than halfterritory of the Russian Federation, it is approximately equal to Europe, is
almost a quarter of all of Asia and one fifteenth of the entire landmass of the Earth. (2) But Siberia
surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world's largest
treasury of forests, oil and gas reserves. (3) Exactly<…>in the plans
economic development of Russia Siberia is given great attention.
Which of the following sentences correctly conveys MAIN
information contained in the text?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Siberia, which occupies two-fifths of Asia, in the plans for economic development
Russia is getting a lot of attention.
Siberia surprises us not only with its size and uniqueness, but also with the fact that it is
the world's largest treasury of minerals.
In the plans for the economic development of Russia, Siberia is given great attention,
because this region is rich in natural resources.
Siberia occupies a special place in the development of the world economy, since this region
occupies one fifteenth of the entire land mass of the Earth and huge
natural resources.
Siberia, which has enormous natural wealth, in terms of economic
much attention is paid to the development of Russia.
>>
The sentences you are looking for say the same thing in different ways.
(1) If you look at the map, then make sure that Siberia is more than halfterritory of the Russian Federation, it is approximately equal to Europe, is
almost a quarter of all of Asia and one fifteenth of the entire landmass of the Earth. (2) But Siberia
surprises us not only with its size, but also with the fact that it is the world's largest
treasury of forests, oil and gas reserves. (3) Exactly<…>in the plans
economic development of Russia Siberia is given great attention.
Which of the following sentences correctly conveys MAIN
information contained in the text?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Siberia, which occupies two-fifths of Asia, in the plans for economic development
Russia is getting a lot of attention.
Siberia surprises us not only with its size and uniqueness, but also with the fact that it is
the world's largest treasury of minerals.
In the plans for the economic development of Russia, Siberia is given great attention,
because this region is rich in natural resources.
Siberia occupies a special place in the development of the world economy, since this region
occupies one fifteenth of the entire land mass of the Earth and huge
natural resources.
Siberia, which has enormous natural wealth, in terms of economic
much attention is paid to the development of Russia.
10. 2. Means of communication of sentences in the text
<…>
but
exactly
This
because
That's why
11. 2. Means of communication of sentences in the text
(1) We lamented that the Russian language is known less and less(2)<…>
according to a study by American scientists, Russian confidently enters
one of the six most influential languages in the world. (3) Next to him -
English, Spanish, Italian, German and French.
Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be on
a gap in the second (2) sentence of the text? Write out this word.
but
exactly
This
because
That's why
12. 3. Lexical meaning of the word
(1) We lamented that the Russian language is known less and lessinhabitants of the planet - where do we care about Chinese or English! (2)<…>
according to a study by American scientists, Russian confidently enters
one of the six most influential languages in the world. (3) Next to him -
English, Spanish, Italian, German and French.
Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which contains
meanings of the word LANGUAGE. Determine the meaning of this word
used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number
corresponding to this value in the above fragment
dictionary entry.
>>
13. 3. Lexical meaning of the word
(1) We lamented that the Russian language is known less and lessinhabitants of the planet - where do we care about Chinese or English!
LANGUAGE, -i, husband.
formation of speech sounds.
14. 3. Lexical meaning of the word
(1) We lamented that the Russian language is known less and lessinhabitants of the planet - where do we care about Chinese or English!
LANGUAGE, -i, husband.
1) Movable muscular organ in the human oral cavity, involved in
formation of speech sounds.
2) The historically established system of verbal expression of thoughts,
having a certain sound, lexical and grammatical
system and serving as a means of communication in human society.
3) The totality of means of expression in verbal creativity.// Variety
speech with certain characteristics.
4) The same as style (the language of the novel, the language of the newspaper).
5) An enemy taken prisoner in order to obtain the necessary information.
6) An organ in the oral cavity that perceives taste sensations.
15. 4. Orthoepic norms (emphasis)
religions
percent
locked up
pamper
ahead of time
16. 4. Orthoepic norms (emphasis)
One of the words below is misspelledaccents: INCORRECTly the letter denoting the accent is highlighted
vowel. Write out this word.
religions
percent
locked up
pamper
ahead of time
Answer: closed
17. 5. Lexical norms by meaning and requirement of lexical compatibility)
(use of the word in accordance with the exact lexicalguests to your home.
>>
18. 5. Lexical norms (use of a word in accordance with the exact lexical meaning and the requirement of lexical compatibility)
(use of the word in accordance with the exact lexicalmeaning and requirement of lexical compatibility)
One of the sentences below is WRONGLY used
highlighted word. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
In this region of Bashkortostan, there is quite a swampy area.
Lisa was embarrassed by her POOR, so she did not like to bring
guests to your home.
The defendant never pleaded guilty.
Semyon's act could be called HUMAN, if we
didn't know what was causing it.
Alsou's hands were ICE: the girl lost her gloves, and
I was too shy to ask someone for a while.
Answer: POVERTY
>>
19. 6. Morphological norms (formation of the word form)
(word form formation)SUMMER MONTHS
a pair of MITTENS
about one and a half kilometers
jumped LESS HIGH
Luggage in place
>>
20. 6. Morphological norms (formation of the word form)
(word form formation)There is a mistake in education in one of the words highlighted below
word forms. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
SUMMER MONTHS
a pair of MITTENS
about one and a half kilometers
jumped LESS HIGH
Luggage in place
Answer: mittens
>>
21. 6. Morphological norms (formation of the word form)
(word form formation)* Education
* Definition
* Education
* Education
* Declension of numerals: forty-five or forty-five years;
on both or both walls, etc.
* Education
* Education
>>
22. 6. Morphological norms (formation of the word form)
(word form formation)Task 6 contains examples of the formation of the following forms of words:
* Education
plural of some nouns
masculine: tractors or tractors, haystacks or haystacks, etc.
* Definition
gender of some nouns: tasty or tasty
coffee; fresh, fresh or fresh kohlrabi, etc.
* Education
some forms of nouns (gen. n., pl.): bought
a lot of socks or socks; no rail or rails, etc.
* Education
comparative and superlative degrees of qualitative
adjectives and adverbs: to jump higher or higher; most
worst or worst way, etc.
* Declension
numerals: forty-five or forty-five
years; on both or both walls, etc.
* Education
forms of some possessive pronouns: theirs or theirs
dog; her or her father, etc.
* Education
some verb forms: look or look, put or
lodges; put or put down, etc.
>>
23. 6. Morphological norms of masculine nouns)
(6.1. Pluralization of some namesThe ending
Examples
-and I)
addresses, shores, sides, buffers, centuries (but: forever and ever, forever
eternal), bills, monograms, evenings, cities, directors, doctors,
huntsmen, gutters, pearls, millstones, boats, bells, feed, domes,
coachmen, masters, warrants, islands, vacations, passports, quails,
cooks, cellars, professors, varieties, stacks, watchman, tower,
black grouse, farm, paramedic, best man, pile, card sharper, anchor
-s(s)
authors, apothecaries, agitators, accountants, ages, elections, emblems,
jumpers, contracts, engineers, lecturers, leaders, designers,
grooms, speakers, officers, ports, handwriting, sentences, searchlights,
sheets, editors, auditors, sweaters, sectors, warehouses,
snipers, trainees, soups, cakes, truffles, chauffeurs
>>
24. 6. Morphological norms (6.1. Plural formation of some masculine nouns)
(6.1. Pluralization of some namesmasculine nouns)
Examples of the most common words
teeth (in the mouth) - teeth (teeth), roots (in plants) - roots (dried
vegetables), buildings (trunks) - buildings (buildings, military formations),
camps (socio-political) - camps (military, children's),
sheets (iron, paper) - leaves (in plants), orders
(knightly,
monastic)
–
orders
(signs
differences),
belts
(geographical) - belts (belts), passes (oversights) - passes
(documents), sables (animals) - sables (furs), sons (Motherland) -
sons (father and mother), tones (sound) - tones (shades of color),
brakes (barriers) - brakes (device), breads (baked) - breads
(cereals), etc.
A number of widely used nouns allow twofold
formation of the nominative plural: winds -
winds, bunkers - bunkers, years - years, etc.
>>
25. 6. Morphological norms
(6.2. Gender of nouns)Borrowed indeclinable nouns
Most of these nouns are neuter:
healing aloe, scotch whisky, tram depot, white frill,
strict jury, fascinating interview, my muffler, political
status quo, fixed-route taxi.
Int e m e m - male: favorite brie (cheese), hot coffee
(drink), exact penalty (free kick), ancient ecu (penny);
female: wide avenue (street), cruel beriberi
(disease); fresh kohlrabi (cabbage), delicious salami (sausage).
Can be used in the form of two genders: in the middle and male
(the neuter gender is explained by tradition, and the masculine gender is explained by Russian analogues
(indicated in brackets)): auto (car), slang (jargon), brandy
(cognac), mocha (coffee), Esperanto (language).
>>
26. 6. Morphological norms (6.2. Gender of nouns)
(6.2. Gender of nouns)Borrowed indeclinable nouns (continued)
Gender of borrowed indeclinable nouns denoting
persons, most often defined in relation to the real sex called
faces: a rich rentier, a military attache and a kind lady, compassionate
madam, blue-eyed fraulein. However, in cases where the indeclinable
a borrowed noun can also refer to representatives
the stronger sex, and to the fair sex, it becomes
bikini: my counterpart and my counterpart, your protégé and your protégé,
mysterious incognito and mysterious incognito.
Most of the indeclinable nouns denoting
animals and birds, refers to the masculine gender regardless of gender
animal: young zebu, brave cockatoo, young kangaroo, sad pony,
pink flamingo, good-natured chimpanzee. BUT: My kind tired
the chimpanzee was again embarrassed to feed her cub in the presence of
outsiders.
The feminine gender includes the words iwasi (fish) and tsetse (fly).
Words are digeneric (male - according to tradition, female - under
influence of analogies) hummingbird, kiwi-kiwi (bird), collie (dog).
>>
27. 6. Morphological norms (6.2. Gender of nouns - continued)
(6.2. Gender of nouns - continued)Gender of indeclinable nouns denoting geographic
proper names, determined by the gender of the common noun,
which is called by this proper name (according to the kind of words country, city,
river, etc.): distant Nicaragua (country), Olympic Sochi (city),
fast Mississippi (river), full-flowing Erie (lake), difficult to access
Jungfrau (mountain), distant Bali (island).
The gender of indeclinable names of press organs is also determined by
generic name: French "Guardian" (newspaper), etc.
Indeclinable substantivized words belong to the middle gender:
rolling “cheers”, sad “goodbye”, annoying “no”, cheerful
"hi".
Abbreviations have the same grammatical gender as the leading (main)
word of the compound name (combination of words): the famous Liberal Democratic Party
(Liberal Democratic
the consignment
Russia),
Ufimsky
refinery
(Refinery).
Indeclinable compound words obey the same rule:
Karaidel roo (district department of education).
>>
28. 6. Morphological norms (6.3. Formation of some forms of nouns)
(6.3. Formation of some forms of nouns)Nouns in the genitive form
plurals can have a zero ending, as well as
endings -ov(s), -ey. Unfortunately, in this case it is not enough
just learn some rule - you need to remember the words themselves,
the formation of forms of which in a large number of native speakers
causes difficulty: there are many Bashkirs or Bashkirs among my friends;
the main holiday of the Kirghiz or the Kirghiz?
Categories of the most common normative options:
* PEOPLE:
with a zero ending: English, Armenians, Bashkirs; hussar,
dragoon, cadet; young ladies, young ladies, nannies; with the ending -ov(s):
Kirghiz, Kazakhs, Poles; apprentices, scum; cadets
sailors; with the ending -ey: people, nationalities, Latvians,
Chuvash; rickshaws, pashas, boys; Muscovites, Omsk.
>>
29. 6. Morphological norms (6.3. Formation of some forms of nouns - continued)
(6.3. Formation of some forms of nouns continued)* CLOTHES,
SHOE: with a zero ending: boot, felt boots,
mittens, gloves, boots, shoes, stockings; trousers, underpants; beads; with
ending -s (s): socks, dresses, scarves; rags.
* UNITS OF MEASUREMENT: with zero ending: ampere, watt,
volt, ohm, arshin, micron, hertz, x-ray; with the ending -ov(s):
meters, grams, hectares; with the ending -ey: joules.
* FOOD, EDIT: zero ending: waffles, pasta,
sweet cherry; ending in -ov(s): oranges, eggplants, lemons,
tangerines, tomatoes; with the ending -ee: yeast, bran.
* HOUSEHOLD ITEMS: with a zero ending: armchairs, poker,
saucers, money; with the ending -ov (s): korytsev, okontsev; rails;
with the ending -she: guns, candles (but: the game is not worth the candle); pins.
* MISCELLANEOUS: with zero ending: knees, shoulders, cases; spray, vacation;
with the ending -ov (s): swamps, hooves, frosts; with
ending -her: sakley, strife, weekdays, manger.
>>
30. 6. Morphological norms (6.3. The formation of some forms of nouns - continued 1)
(6.3. The formation of some forms of nouns -continuation 1)
Declension of inflected nouns
case
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Instrumental
Prepositional
Singular
time, seed, path
Plural
times, seeds, ways
time, seed, path
times, seeds, ways
time, seed, path
times, seeds, ways
time, seed, path
times, seeds, ways
time, seed, way times, seeds, ways
about time, seed, path
>>
about times, seeds, ways
31. 6. Morphological norms (6.4. Degrees of comparison of qualitative names of adjectives and adverbs)
(6.4. Degrees of comparison of qualitative names of adjectives andadverbs)
* Degrees squared: The strongest boy in the class from the second
times jumped higher.
* Bugs
in form formation: sweeter or sweeter instead of sweeter;
good or better instead of better; bad, worse or worse instead of
worse, etc.
REMEMBER! Simple and compound forms of comparative and superlative
degrees of adjectives and adverbs under no circumstances
mix with each other. Mixing between simple and compound forms
the same degree is like mixing different blood types with the same
rhesus: jumped more higher, the clearest example instead of jumping
higher or jumped higher and the brightest example or the brightest
example. But mixing different degrees is similar to mixing Rhesus
(positive and negative): a better gift - what is it? - most
good or better than the previous one, but far from the best?
>>
32. 6. Morphological norms (6.5. Declension of numerals)
(6.5. Declension of numerals)It is necessary to repeat:
* Declension
ordinal numbers: 145th
Anya read the book was the novel "Oblomov" by Goncharov.
* Declension
cardinal numbers: Kushnarenkovskoe
forestry reported on one thousand two hundred and seventy
three seedlings planted last year, and not
Kushnarenko forestry reported on one thousand two hundred
seventy-three seedlings planted last year.
* Declension of collective numbers BOTH and BOTH:
daughters and both sons.
* Declination of the numerals ONE AND A HALF, ONE AND A HALF
>>
love both
33. 6. Morphological norms (6.6. Declension of possessive pronouns of the 3rd person)
(6.6. Declension of 3rd person possessive pronouns)Third person possessive pronouns do not change: his,
her, their table, desk, window; his, her, their tables, desks, windows; his her,
their table, desk, window; him, her, their table, desk, window; him, her, them
table, desk, window; (about) him, her, their table, desk, window.
>>
34. 6. Morphological norms (6.7. Features of the formation of some verb forms)
(6.7. Features of the formation of some verb forms)* Because of
dissonance or difficulty in pronunciation do not form
1st person singular present and perfect
in the form of the future tense, the verbs to watch, to clamor, to vote, to blow,
to overshadow, to build, to find oneself, to feel, to win, to see through,
snort, persuade, bewilder. (Theoretically formed forms of the 1st person
the only present tense of the verbs to buzz and dare (boo and
I hold), but are not used in our speech due to the coincidence with the same
forms of more common verbs - wake up and keep).
* Education
imperative mood of some verbs:
look: look, look (do not look, look); log off:
get out, get out (don't get out, get out); get out: get out
get out (don't get out, get out); go: go, go (not
go, go, go, go, go, go) lie down: lie down, lie down (not
lie down, lie down); wave: wave, wave (undesirable wave);
rinse: rinse, rinse (don't rinse, rinse).
* Put the perfective verb and the imperfective verb
put. BUT: put on, put on and lie down.
35. 7. Syntactic norms
(norms of coordination and management)Offers
Grammatical errors
old friend.
bowed down
before
talent
Fedora
Chaliapin.
an article by my classmate.
1)
6)
2)
3)
4)
5)
7)
Answer:
A B C D E
and predicate.
homogeneous members.
Violation in the construction of the proposal
with participle turnover.
36. 7. Syntactic norms (norms of agreement and control)
(norms of coordination and management)Establish a correspondence between the sentences and those allowed in them
grammatical errors: for each position of the first column, select
corresponding position from the second column
Offers
Grammatical errors
A) Reading ancient manuscripts requires knowledge.
B) Geophysicists have completed and introduced their
research to the scientific community.
C) Upon arrival in Moscow, I called my
old friend.
D) Everyone who wrote about the great singers of Russia,
bowed down
before
talent
Fedora
Chaliapin.
E) In the newspaper "Mechetlinskaya life" printed
an article by my classmate.
1)
Write down the selected numbers in the table
under the corresponding letters.
6)
2)
3)
4)
5)
7)
Answer:
A B C D E
5 4 1 2 3
Incorrect use of case
noun forms with a preposition.
Disruption of communication between the subject
and predicate.
Violation in the construction of the proposal
with the wrong application.
An error in constructing a sentence with
homogeneous members.
Incorrect construction of a sentence with adverbial turnover.
Violation in the construction of the proposal
with participle turnover.
Incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech
37. 8. Spelling roots
select..rem
d..letant
prik..sleep
deputy rla
k..smonautics
38. 8. Spelling roots
Determine the word in which the unstressed test is omittedroot vowel. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
select..rem
d..letant
prik..sleep
deputy rla
k..smonautics
Answer: astronautics
39. 9. Spelling prefixes
in .. burn, be .. expensive
counter..gra, vz..mother
pr..getter, pr..wise
happening, subjective
pr..shut up, r..replace
40. 9. Spelling prefixes
Determine the series in which both words miss the sameletter. Write these words out with the missing letter.
in .. burn, be .. expensive
counter..gra, vz..mother
pr..getter, pr..wise
happening, subjective
pr..shut up, r..replace
Answer: counterweight
41. 10. Spelling of suffixes of various parts of speech (except -Н-//-НН-)
in love .. out
winking
rudder.. howl
despair
bell..to
42. 10. Spelling of suffixes of various parts of speech (except -Н-//-НН-)
Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.in love .. out
winking
rudder.. howl
despair
bell..to
Answer: steering
43. 11. Spelling of personal endings of verbs and participle suffixes
smear..sh
secured
dozed off..sh
determined..my
hung..my
44. 11. Spelling of personal endings of verbs and participle suffixes
Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.smear..sh
secured
dozed off..sh
determined..my
hung..my
Answer: dependent
45. 12. Spelling NOT and NOR
move on.
46. 12. Spelling NOT and NOR
Identify the sentence in which NOT with the word is spelled CONTINUOUSLY.Open the brackets and write out this word.
All alone, he stood for a minute, (not) deciding
move on.
(Not) everyone can accurately formulate his thought.
(Not) despite all my efforts, I could not fall asleep for a long time.
(Not) moving, soaking in the midday sun, there are trees.
(Not) only lilies of the valley bloomed, but also strawberries.
Answer: despite
47. 13. Continuous, hyphenated, separate spelling of words
hastened to calm her down.
learn to understand music.
48. 13. Continuous, hyphenated, separate spelling of words
Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are writtenONE. Open the brackets and write out these two words.
On the map you can wander SO (SAME) as on the ground, but when
you get to this real land, (THAT) HOUR the knowledge of the map affects.
In the morning it was raining, the day THAT (SAME) did not please, as it was during the day
it’s dark from the clouds, (FOR) THIS is why my mood has completely deteriorated.
(FROM) THAT turn the road went (B) UP among century-old pines.
I noticed that my sister is SO (SAME), like me, worries, (FOR) THIS I
hastened to calm her down.
(B) CONTINUATION of all life you need to learn to read AS (SAME) as
learn to understand music.
Answer: so too
49. 14. Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech
50. 14. Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.The rooms were furnished with remarkable luxury: the walls were upholstered
colorful Bukhara carpets, painted ceilings (2) with oil (3)
paints, on the floors - real Persian carpets.
Answer: 123
51. 15. Punctuation in a compound sentence and a simple sentence with homogeneous members
colors.
garlands and lanterns.
whiteness.
52. 15. Punctuation in a compound sentence and a simple sentence with homogeneous members
Set up punctuation marks. Specify the offer numberswhich you need to put ONE comma.
1) From the houses in all directions there were rows of trees or shrubs or
colors.
2) For festive illumination, they were used as electric
garlands and lanterns.
3) You will run out of the gate and see the dazzling and pristine
whiteness.
4) The fellow traveler did not hear what was said or ignored my hint.
5) Some words formed from verbs can be used and
as adjectives and as participles.
Answer: 25
53. 16. Punctuation marks in sentences with separate members (definitions, circumstances, applications, additions)
54. 16. Punctuation marks in sentences with separate members (definitions, circumstances, applications, additions)
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers, in placewhich must contain commas in the sentence.
In the rays of the sun, the grove lit up, as if everything in it was smiling,
thin trunks of birch trees (1) taking on a reflection of white silk (2)
were still wet from the rain, dazzled and lit up with red
gold (3) leaves lying on the ground (4).
Answer: 12
55. 17. Punctuation marks in sentences with words and constructions that are not grammatically related to the members of the sentence
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers, in placethe author of the work.
56. 17. Punctuation marks in sentences with words and constructions that are not grammatically related to the members of the sentence
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers, in placewhich must contain commas in sentences.
Of course (1) Eugene Onegin is a typical young nobleman of the beginning
XIX century. But the protagonist is (2) no doubt (3) A.S. himself. Pushkin -
the author of the work.
Answer: 123
57. 18. Punctuation marks in a complex sentence
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers, in placewhich must contain commas in sentences.
58. 18. Punctuation marks in a complex sentence
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers, in placewhich must contain commas in sentences.
Especially often (1) the poet visited the Olenins (2) whose daughter (3)
(4) was the subject of his serious passion.
Answer: 2
>>
59. 18. Punctuation marks in a complex sentence
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers, in placewhich must contain commas in sentences.
Especially often (1) the poet visited the Olenins (2) whose daughter (3)
(4) was the subject of his serious passion.
Answer: 2
CORRECT ANSWER FORMULA: k - 1 or k - 1 and k + 1, where k -
the number before the allied word "WHICH"
60. 19. Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with different types of connection
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers, in placewhich must contain commas in the sentence.
decided to go on foot.
61. 19. Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with different types of connection>>
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers, in placewhich must contain commas in the sentence.
As soon as we laid out our things in the rooms (1), then everything
immediately decided to explore the city (2) but (3) since
sightseeing buses departed only after two hours (4)
decided to go on foot.
Answer: 1234
>>
62. 19. Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with different types of connection>>
Most often in exams we will deal with suchsentences in which in place of all the numbers should be
commas. However, MOST and ALWAYS are not the same thing.
To cope with this task, you need to learn
find a grammatical basis (then before the union And,
connecting homogeneous members of the sentence, we will not
put a comma): She walked for a long time in a deserted area (1) and (2)
when her legs began to break heavily from round bald heads
cobblestone (3) remembered (4) how she was returning home this
area.
Answer: 234
>>
63. 19. Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with different types of connection
But even in complex sentences before the union And is not always putcomma: The last meters of the path seemed to Konstantin especially
difficult (1) but (2) when they were passed (3) and the mountain
top (4) became very good at heart (correct answer - 124).
In second place in terms of prevalence in KIMs proposals, in
which commas are placed everywhere, except for the position after the union, surrounded by
on both sides with numbers (in these cases, without distorting the meaning or (and)
syntax violations it is impossible to omit part of the sentence from the number,
standing after the union, to the next digit). For example, in the imagination
the writer was crowded with a variety of ideas (1) and (2) if he
will forced himself to stop at one thing (3) then he again
did not know (4) what the beginning should be (the correct answer is 134).
64. Text for tasks 20-25>>
(1) A wounded man was brought to the barracks. (2) It was a young sailor,who was stabbed in the back by a friend. (3) They quarreled or,
tipsy, they didn’t share anything - I don’t remember that. (4) I have
only the impression remained that the truth was on the side of the wounded, and I
I remember that the blow was struck suddenly, from around the corner. (5) This alone
sent sympathy to the victim. (6) He talked about the case
seriously and briefly, without expressing resentment and anger, as if submitting
sad adventure. (7) The wound was not dangerous. (8)Temperature
slightly increased, but the patient, although he was lying, ate with appetite and even
played sixty-six. (9) In the evening there was a rumor: “Doctor
came, he will speak. (10) Doctor? (11) Talk? (12) I went to
bed of the wounded. (13) Doctor, elderly man, apparently in person
taking an ardent part in all this history, sat near the bunk.
(14) The patient, lying down, looked to the side and listened. (15) Doctor, trying not to
to be intrusive, carefully and gently tried to inspire the wounded
compassion for the fate of the offender. (16) He was sent by them, came after him
request. (17) He has a wife, children, he himself is a military sailor,
seconded to a private steamer (this was practiced). (18) He
full of remorse. (19) Hard labor awaits him.
65. Text for tasks 20-25>>
(20) - You see that it depends on you how to act - “according to the law” or"for humanity". (21) If “according to humanity”, then we will cover up the matter.
(22) If “according to the law”, then we are obliged to start an investigation, and then this
the man died because he was to blame,” the doctor said in conclusion.
(23) There was complete silence. (24) All of us, who were sitting, as if not listening,
in their beds, but without uttering a single word, froze in
place
should have been forgiven. (29) He recovered. (30) He was a typical face
sailor, and "sailor" and "knight" for me then sounded inseparable.
(31) His arms to the shoulders were tattooed with figures of tigers, snakes, flags,
names, ribbons, flowers and lizards. (32) He smelled like an ocean -
home of great souls. (33) And he was so handsomely courageous as
smart athlete ... (34) The wounded man was silent. (35) Apparently, he fought with
desire to forgive and with some poisonous memory. (36) He
sighed, grimaced, looked the doctor in the eyes, and reluctantly,
said:
(37) - Let ... really ... according to the law.
66. Text for tasks 20-25>>
(38) The doctor, also after a pause, stood up.(39) - So, "according to the law"? he repeated.
(40) - By law. (41) As he said, the sailor nodded and closed his eyes.
(42) I was so excited that I could not stand it and went into the yard. (43) me
it felt like something had been taken from me.
(According to A. Green*)
* Alexander Stepanovich Green (1880-1932) - Russian writer,
prose writer, representative of the direction of romantic realism.
67. 20. Text as a speech product. Semantic and compositional integrity of the text
Specify the answer numbers.
memory.
68. 20. Text as a speech product. Semantic and compositional integrity of the text
Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text?Specify the answer numbers.
1) The doctor came to the patient at the request of the lawyer.
2) A young wounded sailor in his stories about what happened
expressed resentment and anger at the offender.
3) The offender of the sailor was expected to hard labor.
4) The sailor's wound was very dangerous.
5) The wounded man struggled with the desire to forgive and with some poisonous
memory.
Answer: 35
69. 21. Functional-semantic types of speech
response numbers.
waiting.<…>
4) Sentences 8–9 present the narrative ((8) The temperature is slightly
increased, but the patient, although he was lying, ate with appetite and even played
will".).
70. 21. Functional-semantic types of speech
Which of the following statements are true? Specifyresponse numbers.
1) Sentences 20-22 contain reasoning ((20) - You see that from you
depends on how to act - "according to the law" or "according to humanity." (21) If "by
humanity," then we'll get down to business. (22) If “by law”, then we are obliged
start an investigation, and then this person died, because he was guilty, -
said the doctor in conclusion.).
2) Sentences 23–24 explain the state of the hero referred to in
sentence 43 ((23) There was complete silence. (24) All of us, who were sitting, no matter how
listening, in their beds, but not uttering a single word, froze in
waiting.<…>(43) It seemed to me that something was taken from me.).
3) Sentence 31 contains the description (His arms up to his shoulders were tattooed
figures of tigers, snakes, flags, names, ribbons, flowers and lizards).
4) Sentences 8–9 present the narrative ((8)Temperature
slightly increased, but the patient, although he was lying, ate with appetite and even played
"sixty six". (9) In the evening there was a rumor: “The doctor came to speak
will".).
5) Sentence 27 answers the questions posed in sentences 25-26
((25) What will the wounded man say? (26) What sentence will he pronounce? (27) I waited, believed,
what he will say: "According to mankind".).
>>
71. 21. Functional and semantic types of speech
Narration - the dynamics of events (actions unfold intime)
Description - static, picture (actions are not performed, but you can
imagine the subjects themselves in question: portrait, landscape and
etc.)
Reasoning - the conclusions of the author, with which not everyone can
agree (characteristic features - the presence of introductory words, beliefs,
doubt)
72. 22. Lexical meaning of the word (synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, phraseological units)
73. 22. Lexical meaning of a word (synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, phraseological phrases)
From sentences 33-35 write out a word with a figurative meaning.(33) And he was so handsomely courageous, like a smart athlete ...
(34) The wounded man was silent. (35) Apparently, he struggled with the desire to forgive
and with some poisonous memory.
Answer: poisonous
74. 23. Means of communication of sentences in the text
waiting. (25) What will the wounded say? (26) What sentence will he pronounce?
(27) I waited, believed that he would say: "According to humanity." (28) On him
sounded inseparable.
75. 23. Means of communication of sentences in the text
Among sentences 23–30, find one that connects withprevious with the help of a possessive pronoun.
Write the number of this offer.
(23) There was complete silence. (24) All of us, who were sitting, as if not listening,
their beds, but without uttering a single word, froze in
waiting. (25) What will the wounded say? (26) What sentence will he pronounce?
(27) I waited, believed that he would say: "According to humanity." (28) On him
place should be forgiven. (29) He recovered. (30) He was
the face of a typical sailor, but "sailor" and "knight" for me then
sounded inseparable.
Answer: 28
>>
76. 23. Means of communication of sentences in the text
suggestions:
77. 23. Means of communication of sentences in the text
By itself, a task of type B7 belongs to the category of “not verydifficult", but according to statistics, less than 60% of participants cope with it
USE both in the country and in our republic. Having made a sample
the most frequent erroneous answers to questions of tasks of this type,
we have found that the most common mistakes are made when
examinees mark the wrong numbers of sentences, seeing only one
from several funds listed in the assignment. Some
examinees mark the numbers of non-sentences related to
previous ones with the help of some (usually) lexical
funds, and the previous numbers, and some of the USE participants, probably
just not familiar with some parts of speech.
For training, we find a sentence that is related to
previous with a personal pronoun in the next
suggestions:
(1) It has been raining all day today. (2) They did not begin to cancel their
daily walk in the park. (3) Grandma and grandpa had a good time
together. (4) Could some rain prevent them from being together?
(5) Autumn was generally a favorite time of the year for our old people ...
78.24. Speech. Language means of expression
GENERAL FORMULATION OF THE TASK FOR ALL OPTIONSRead an excerpt from a review based on
text that you analyzed while doing tasks 20-23.
This snippet discusses language features
text. Some of the terms used in the review
skipped. Insert in the gaps (A, B, C, D) the numbers,
corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Record in a table
under each letter is the corresponding number.
Write the sequence of numbers in the answer sheet No. 1
to the right of task number 24, starting from the first cell, without
spaces, commas and other additional characters.
Write each number in accordance with those given in
sample form.
>>
79.24. Speech. Language means of expression
solutions
wounded,
emphasize
syntactic
facilities
List of terms:
1) epithet
2) hyperbole
3) anaphora
4) comparison
Answer:
BUT
5) rows of homogeneous members
6) opposition
7) phraseological turnover
8) rhetorical appeal
B
AT
G
80.24. Speech. Language means of expression
“The speech of a hero who talks about a wounded sailor is sometimes restrained,sometimes emotional. The state of the hero at a key moment when everyone is waiting
solutions
wounded,
emphasize
syntactic
facilities
expressiveness: (A) _______ (sentences 25, 26: (25) What will he say
wounded? (26) What sentence will he pronounce?), (B) ______ (sentences 27,
42: (27) I waited, I believed that he would say: "According to humanity." (42) I was like that
excited that he could not stand it and went into the yard.). General emotional
the tone of the story is also created by the tropes: (B) ______ (“sad adventure”,
"hot participation", "poisonous memory"), (D) ______ ("as if I
something was taken away" in sentence 43)".
List of terms:
1) epithet
2) hyperbole
3) anaphora
4) comparison
Answer:
5) rows of homogeneous members
6) opposition
7) phraseological turnover
8) rhetorical appeal
9) interrogative sentences
BUT
B
AT
G
The answers to tasks 1–24 are a word, a phrase, a number or a sequence of words, numbers. Write your answer to the right of the task number without spaces, commas or other additional characters.
Read the text and do tasks 1-3.
(1) The decision made by the court in a particular case must be executed, for example, a decision to evict people who occupied it without permission from an apartment, a decision to confiscate property, etc. (2) But not always persons obliged to do something by a court decision voluntarily fulfill this duty. (3) _____ enforcement of judicial acts is carried out in a compulsory manner and is entrusted to the bailiff service.
1
Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the MAIN information contained in the text?
1. Persons obliged to do something by a court decision do not always voluntarily fulfill this duty.
2. The bailiff service carries out the enforcement of judicial acts that are not executed voluntarily.
3. If persons do not voluntarily execute a court decision, the enforcement of judicial acts is carried out by force.
4. The decision taken by the court must be executed, even if some persons oppose the execution of the judicial act.
5. If the court decision is not executed voluntarily, the enforcement of judicial acts is entrusted to the bailiff service.
2
Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
1. In all cases
2. Anyway
3. Anyway
4. In this case
5. Otherwise
3
Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word CASE. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
D E LO, - a; pl. deeds, deeds, deeds; cf.
1. Work, occupation, activity. Busy with important work. Habitual d. Current affairs. Be idle. For service.
2. someone. terms of reference; what is directly related to someone, is included in someone's. tasks. Education - e. family.
3. Necessity, need. I have before you (to you) e. Come on business.
4. Something important, necessary (colloquial). Speak d. (essentially).
5. Sphere of knowledge, activity, work. Gornoye village Voevoye village Stolyarnoye village
6. Same as enterprise (in 1 value). The company has a solid village. Open your own village in the city.
7. Event, circumstance, fact; the state of things. D. was in autumn. This is e. the past. How are you?
8. Same as deed. Do good d.
9. Trial, process. Criminal d. Initiate d. against someone.
4
In one of the words below, a mistake was made in the formulation of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.
utterly
inquire
tamed
5
In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
1. The southern coast of the Crimean peninsula is famous for its COMFORTABLE subtropical climate of the Mediterranean type.
2. The target it was intended to hit was very MICROSCOPIC.
3. PRODUCTIVE labor is labor that creates material wealth and products of intellectual activity.
4. Growing tulips in Holland is a very GRATEFUL occupation: tulips are not just a symbol of the country, but also a source of income.
5. Imperial robes for REIGNING persons look like long sleeveless cloaks made of golden eyelet.
6
In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the word form. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
RINSE the laundry
famous PROFESSORS
FOR SEVEN SEALS
THE SMALLEST Dwarf
DESIRED variant
7
Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
| GRAMMATICAL ERRORS | SUGGESTIONS |
| A) a violation in the construction of a sentence with a participial turnover | 1) The revolution in science began due to the emergence of new statistical methods. |
| B) an error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members | 2) V. Nabokov often talked about chess compositions in his literary works, primarily in the novel The Gift and the memoir book Other Shores. |
| C) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application | 3) Preparing for exams, we spent more than one day in the reading room of the city library. |
| D) violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate | 4) After reading an article about the sights of Taganrog, there was a desire to see everything with my own eyes. |
| E) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition | 5) Litota - a technique outwardly opposite to hyperbole, but in fact being its natural variety. |
| 6) The festival of children's theaters, which took place at the end of last season, became a real holiday. | |
| 7) Everyone who stood in line continued to be silent. | |
| 8) Sergei often talked about his favorite novel - the "Steppenwolf" by Hermann Hesse. | |
| 9) Museums of cities should not only preserve the apartments of great people, but also ordinary people. |
Write your answer in numbers without spaces or other characters.
8
Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
reg...cat
morning
application ... rhenium
p...norama
time ... to get involved
9
Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write these words out with the missing letter.
ra ... dig, not ... combustible
explode ... explode, pr ... parents
misinformation, without ... effective
pr ... sea, pr ... hail
to...pull, o...carry
10
Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.
reserve ... out
resourceful...
wink... wink
lily of the valley ... out
jump...
11
Write down the word in which the letter A is written in place of the gap.
glimmering...
laughing...
chirp...
holding
dancing ....
12
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which the letter I is written.
The sky cleared to the most n (1) incredible depths, in it n (2) there were n (3) clouds, n (4) even instant strokes of swifts.
13
Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are written HYPHENED. Open the brackets and write out these two words.
1. The side, (ON) VISIBLE, was deaf: everywhere you could see the forest, and the fields (ON) STILL were not.
2. An intoxicating smell of lindens rushes along the river: like BUD (TO) WHERE (TO) hundreds of kilometers away, linden forests bloomed.
3. Yesterday we did not ask about the road (TO) TOMORROW, and now we had to go (TO) GUESS.
4. FROM (THAT) night was approaching from afar, and the forest surrounding us began (BY) LITTLE to darken.
5. Sargasso, (B) UNLIKE most large algae, do not attach to the bottom, but float (B) THICKER in water.
14
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
In one fog (1) morning, the earth trembled under the hooves of the Tatar ko (2) bitch, and, without losing a single person killed or wounded (3), the steppe dwellers flew away into the emptiness of their fate, no longer interesting to anyone.
15
Set up punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1. The stars looked and the month majestically rose to the sky to shine for good people and the whole world.
2. We took a basket each and went to the forest to pick mushrooms and berries.
3. The fog slowly rose and covered everything accessible to the eyes with a matte veil.
5. It was sunny over the Yenisei, and through this twinkling the crowns of trees on the other side of the river were barely visible.
16
Darkening (1) with spots of forests (2), the steppe was drowning in the morning fog and carried me away (3) filling my soul (4) with a sense of joy.
17
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentences.
Sometimes a thought will come that (1) seems (2) true, but you are afraid to believe it. However, then you see that the thought, which (3) may be (4) strange, is actually the simplest truth: once you know it, you can no longer stop believing in it.
18
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.
Thunder struck (1) peals (2) which reminded me (3) of the sound of a terrible earthquake.
19
Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.
The last meters of the path seemed to Konstantin especially difficult (1) but (2) when they were passed (3) and the mountain peak appeared (4), it became very good in my soul.
20
Edit the sentence: correct the lexical error by replacing the incorrectly used word. Write down the chosen word, observing the norms of the modern Russian literary language.
As a result of the condensation of water vapor, clouds form and precipitation occurs in the form of rain, hail and snow.
Read the text and complete tasks 21-26.
(1) Each person is a living radiating personal center. (2) Every look, every word, every smile, every deed radiate a special energy of heat and light into the general spiritual ether of being. (3) And even when a person, apparently not manifesting himself in anything, is simply nearby, we feel the rays sent by him. (4) And, moreover, the stronger, the more definite and intense, the more significant and original his spiritual personality.
(5) Receiving the first perception of someone else's antipathy, we feel that the life rays we send are not accepted by another person, repelled or stubbornly not let in by him. (6) This is already unpleasant and painful. (7) This may cause some embarrassment or even confusion in ourselves. (8) A strange feeling of failure arises in the soul, or one's own ineptitude, or even the inappropriateness of one's being. (9) The will to communicate is stopped, the rays do not want to radiate, the words are not found, the life upsurge stops, the heart is ready to close. (10) Closed and unsociable people often cause such a feeling in sociable and expansive people, even when there can be no talk of antipathy. (11) But antipathy, once it has arisen, sharpens to hostility, thickens into disgust and deepens to hatred.
(12) When I meet in life with real hatred for me, then a feeling of great unhappiness wakes up in me, then grief and a feeling of my powerlessness.
(13) Following this, I feel a persistent desire to get away from my hater at all costs, to disappear from his eyes, never to meet him again and not know anything about him. (14) If this succeeds, then I quickly calm down, but then I soon notice that some kind of dejection and heaviness remained in my soul, because the black rays of his hatred still overtake me, penetrating me through the common ethereal space. (15) Then I begin to involuntarily feel into his hating soul and see myself in its black rays as their object and victim. (16) A wound formed in the spiritual ether of the world; must be healed and healed. (17) My hater must forgive me and reconcile with me. (18) He must experience the joy that I live in this world, and give me the opportunity to enjoy his being. (19) For, according to the words of the great Orthodox sage Seraphim of Sarov, "man is joy to man."
(20) First of all, I need to find and establish whether it is my fault that we are both now suffering: he, the hater, and I, the hated one? (21) Maybe I accidentally touched some old, non-healing wound of his heart? (22) After that, I need to forgive him his hatred. (23) I should not, I do not dare to respond to his black beam with the same black beam of contempt and rejection. (24) I should not avoid meeting him, I have no right to flee. (25) From now on, I will meet the ray of his hatred with a white ray, clear, meek, kind, forgiving and seeking forgiveness.
On some changes in comparison with the Unified State Exam-2012 The time for completing the work has been increased by 30 minutes (from 180 to 210) The format of task A 1 has been changed (the orthoepy task remains, we again work with stresses, but now three words with the correct placement of stress are presented in the distractors and one - with an incorrect one) The range of answers to task A 20 has been expanded (an explanation for the placement of a comma or its absence before the union AND) The criteria for checking and evaluating the performance of tasks with a detailed answer have been clarified (criterion K 1, in which a remark for experts has been added: If the examinee did not formulate or formulated incorrectly (in one form or another in any of the parts of the essay) one of the problems of the source text, then such work according to the criteria K 1–K 4 is assessed 0 points) is assessed 0 points
Part A Task A 1 - “Orthoepic norms” In which word is there a mistake in stressing: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is incorrectly highlighted? 1) def. Is 2) cr. Ana 3) village Osug 4) ozl. Upholster
Task A 2 - "Lexical norms (use of the word)" In which answer option is the highlighted word used incorrectly? 1) We had not seen him for a long time, so now there was nothing to even talk about. 2) After visiting the cave, Marat had a COMICAL look. 3) There were ALL multi-colored objects on the table. 4) The trip to Ufa this time was more SUCCESSFUL.
Task A 3 - "Morphological norms" Give an example with an error in the formation of the word form. 1) a pair of shoes 2) walking down the street 3) with sixty million 4) the least successful attempt to REPEAT: declension of nouns; declension of nouns that have only the plural form, as well as words denoting objects worn on the legs (stockings, socks, shoes, boots); rules for the formation of the plural form of some nouns (doctors, teachers, professors, etc.) comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives and adverbs
Task A 4 - “Syntactic norms (building a sentence with a participle)” Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence. Arriving in Ishimbay, 1) I hope to see my old friends. 2) the city seemed completely different to me. 3) I want to go to the beach of the Tayruk River. 4) the next stop is the city of Salavat.
Task A 5 - “Syntactic norms (norms of coordination and control, construction of sentences with homogeneous members, complex sentences)” Indicate the sentence with a grammatical error (in violation of the syntactic norm). 1) On both sides of the road leading to Ishimbay, willow grows and reeds rise above the marsh water. 2) Upon arrival in Ishimbay, we went in search of a suitable hotel. 3) A passer-by asked me if I knew how to get to the editorial office of the Voskhod newspaper. 4) Each of the young Ishimbay residents who do not want to leave their small homeland chooses the local branch of the USATU or the universities of neighboring Sterlitamak to study.
Task A 6 - “Grammatical norms (syntactic norms)” In which sentence can the subordinate clause of a complex sentence be replaced by a separate definition expressed by participle turnover? 1) Nikita Marchenko, with whom we studied in the same group at the university, now works as a correspondent for the newspaper "Republic of Bashkortostan" 2) We got acquainted with all the sights that are in the guide about the city of Ishimbay: Victory Park, a monument to the discoverers of Bashkir oil, "tower grandmother" . 3) The young man, whom the teachers predicted a great scientific future, still has not even defended his PhD thesis. 4) Friends for a long time selected a route that would suit all friends.
Task A 7 - A 12 - work with the first text A 7 - Selection of a sentence that should be the first in this text. A 8 - Selection of words or phrases missing in one of the sentences of the text. A 9 - Grammatical (predicative) basis of the sentence, subject and predicate as the main members of the sentence. A 10 - Syntactic analysis of the sentence. A 11 - Morphological analysis of the word. A 12 - The lexical meaning of the word.
Task A 7 - “Text. Semantic and compositional integrity of the text. The sequence of sentences in the text "TEXT: (1) ... (2) It was about a means of braking aircraft that land on the deck of an aircraft carrier. (3) ... the deck, even the deck of such a giant as an aircraft carrier, is far from an ideal airfield. (4) Its area is relatively small, and therefore it is difficult to take off from it, and even more difficult to land. (5) In order for the planes not to jump overboard, they had to be braked with rubber cords, parachutes and caught with brake nets. (6) This new installation was supposed to slow down the aircraft running towards the electromagnetic field. Which of the following sentences should come first in this text? 1) After the failure in aviation, the electric motor began to be tested in ground vehicles. 2) It is difficult to list all areas of possible application of the electric motor. 3) About 30 years ago, a message appeared in the press about testing a new means of braking aircraft. 4) About 30 years ago, they tried to use an electric motor as a means of braking an aircraft carrier.
Task A 8 - “Means of communication of sentences in the text” TEXT: (1) ... (2) It was about a means of braking aircraft that land on the deck of an aircraft carrier. (3) ... the deck, even the deck of such a giant as an aircraft carrier, is far from an ideal airfield. (4) Its area is relatively small, and therefore it is difficult to take off from it, and even more difficult to land. (5) In order for the planes not to jump overboard, they had to be braked with rubber cords, parachutes and caught with brake nets. (6) This new installation was supposed to slow down the aircraft running towards the electromagnetic field. Which of the following words or combinations of words should be in place of the gap in the third sentence of the text? 1) In addition, 2) Thus, 3) On the contrary, 4) Of course,
Task A 9 - “The grammatical basis of the sentence” TEXT: (1) ... (2) It was about a means of braking aircraft that land on the deck of an aircraft carrier. (3) ... the deck, even the deck of such a giant as an aircraft carrier, is far from an ideal airfield. (4) Its area is relatively small, and therefore it is difficult to take off from it, and even more difficult to land. (5) In order for the planes not to jump overboard, they had to be braked with rubber cords, parachutes and caught with brake nets. (6) This new installation was supposed to slow down the aircraft running towards the electromagnetic field. What combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of the complex sentence of the text? 1) it is difficult to take off, land (sentence 4) 2) the planes had to slow down (sentence 5) 3) which land (sentence 2) 4) the installation had to (sentence 6))
Task A 9 – continued The examinees are asked to find either a distractor in which the basis of the sentence is written out, or to find an answer option in which the subject or predicate is correctly represented. REMEMBER: 1. In addition to the simple verbal predicate, there are compound verbal and compound nominal predicates! Most of the problems arise with the second type of predicate. Compare: I am proud of the teacher and I am a teacher 2. The subject can be expressed not only by a noun (in our example it is expressed by a union word)! 3. Non-free phrases are one member of the sentence (two pop stars, a couple from Woland's retinue, a red maiden, etc.)
Task A 10 - “Syntactic analysis of the sentence” TEXT: (1) ... (2) It was about a means of braking aircraft that land on the deck of an aircraft carrier. (3) ... the deck, even the deck of such a giant as an aircraft carrier, is far from an ideal airfield. (4) Its area is relatively small, and therefore it is difficult to take off from it, and even more difficult to land. (5) In order for the planes not to jump overboard, they had to be braked with rubber cords, parachutes and caught with brake nets. (6) This new installation was supposed to slow down the aircraft running towards the electromagnetic field. Indicate the correct description of the fifth (5) sentence of the text. 1) simple complicated 2) compound 3) complex with allied coordinating and non-union connection between parts 4) complex subordinate
Task A 10 - continued To complete task A 10, you don’t need to know as much as to complete tasks in syntax in part B. It will be quite enough if we remember the following types of sentences: words, isolated applications and appeals. Complex non-union proposals. Complex sentences. Complex sentences.
Task A 11 - "Morphological analysis of the word" Indicate the sentence in which there is a possessive pronoun. 1) (4) Its area is relatively small, and therefore it is difficult to take off from it, and it is even more difficult to land. 2) (5) In order for the planes not to jump overboard, they had to be slowed down with rubber cords, parachutes and caught with brake nets. 3) (3) ... the deck, even the deck of such a giant as an aircraft carrier, is far from an ideal airfield. 4) (6) This new installation was supposed to slow down the planes with an electromagnetic field running towards them.
Task A 11 - continued To complete this task, you must be able to distinguish from each other: passive and real participles, participles, verbal adjectives; comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives and adverbs; ranks of pronouns; qualitative, relative and possessive adjectives; as well as other parts of speech...
Task A 12 - "The lexical meaning of the word" Indicate in what sense the word IDEAL is used in the third (3) sentence: (3) ... deck, even the deck of such a giant as an aircraft carrier, is far from an ideal airfield. 1) imaginary, invented 2) perfect, without flaws 3) ordinary, typical 4) specialized, designed for specific purposes
Task A 13 - “Spelling -Н- and -НН- in suffixes of various parts of speech” In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HH is written? The left-hander has absorbed many of the qualities inherent in the Leskovsky righteous: vile (1) patriotism, the presence of clear moral (2) guidelines, fortitude, natural talent (3) awn, a keen interest in the life around him - "enchanting (4) awn" . 1) 1, 3 2) 1, 2, 3, 4 3) 1, 2, 4 4) 2, 3, 4
Task A 14 - “Spelling of the roots” In which row is the unstressed checked vowel of the root missing in all words? 1) app. . llational, affairs. . kates, prot. . army 2) accl. . matize, Art. . removed (in funds), calc. . tanie 3) act. . sight, metz. . nat, diff. . small 4) skr. . puffy, created . wat, out. . sit
Task A 15 - “Spelling prefixes” In which row in all three words is the same letter missing? 1) ra. . concentrate, be. . promising, i. . languish 2) etc. . add, etc. smart, etc. succeed 3) by. . stitch, on . kidney, oh . dacha 4) post. . industrial, from. . say, above. . REMEMBER: CHARGE
Task A 16 - “Spelling of personal endings of verbs and suffixes of participles of the present tense” In which row in both words is the letter I written at the gap? 1) remember. . wow, look. . my 2) inhale. . sting, bite. . 3) vert. . shush, unbending. . my 4) lele. . shh, spending. . former
Task A 17 - “Spelling of suffixes of various parts of speech (except -Н-//-НН-)” In which answer option are all the words where the letter I is omitted? A. usidch. . out B. unfastened. . vat V. goldfinch. . cottony G. listen. . 1) A, B, D 2) A, B, C 3) C, D 4) A, C, D
Task A 18 - “Spelling NOT and NOR” In which sentence is NOT written together with the word? 1) On the fresh snow (not) traces were visible. 2) Pavel Ivanovich's features are (not) devoid of pleasantness. 3) In this (un)thinned forest, young trees grow slowly. 4) A reed rustled nearby with (not) blossoming tassels.
Task A 19 - “Continuous, hyphenated, separate spelling” In which sentence are both highlighted words written together? 1) The new concept of Oblomov, hatched by I. A. Goncharov (B) FOR several years, was (FINALLY) implemented in July - August 1857, when the writer quickly created the second and third parts of the novel. 2) Ivan's face (AS) AS if turned to stone in its strict expression and (FROM) IT seemed to be carved from marble. 3) Pavel Petrovich was considered proud, but respected for his aristocratic manners, for the fact that he (ON) EVERYWHERE carried with him a real silver toilet bag and a camping bath; he was respected SO (SAME) for impeccable honesty. 4) Onegin, AS (SAME) as the hero of B. Constant, is smart, but emphatically indifferent to the people around him and (IN) THAT does not see anything in life worthy of his spiritual efforts. .
Task A 20 - “Punctuation in simple and complex sentences” Indicate the correct explanation for the placement of a comma or its absence in the sentence: Symbolists and their followers - acmeists - saw their forerunner () in Tyutchev and continued Tyutchev's poetic traditions. 1) A simple sentence with homogeneous members and a repeated union, a comma is needed before the union And. 2) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the union And no comma is needed. 3) A compound sentence, before the union And a comma is not needed. 4) A compound sentence, before the union And a comma is needed.
Task A 21 - “Punctuation marks in sentences with separate members of the sentence (definitions, circumstances)” In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which commas should be in the sentences? The first exhibition of the Wanderers (1), which opened in 1871 (2), convincingly demonstrated the existence in painting (3) of a new direction (5) in terms of worldview and means of representation that had been developing over the 60s (4) (5). 1) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2) 1, 2, 3, 4 3) 1, 2 4) 1, 2, 5
Task A 22 - "Punctuation marks in sentences with words and structures that are not grammatically related to the members of the sentence" In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which commas should be in the sentences? Both to the right and to the left, and (1) it seems (2) lightning flashed just above the house. On this sunny day, everything around (3) seemed (4) joyful. 1) 1, 2, 3, 4 2) 1, 3 3) 3, 4 4) 1, 2
Task A 23 - “Punctuation marks in a simple complicated sentence (homogeneous members of a sentence)” Indicate the sentence in which one comma must be put. (Punctuation marks are not placed) 1) Grandmother smeared the rooster's comb and beard and poured millet on the floor. 2) We have already seen the distant factory chimney and the roofs of the houses. 3) Now measured and unhurried, now feverishly fast, now interrupting a friend, the sounds of a drum came from the other side. 4) Everything was already quiet, or seemed so.
Task A 24 - “Punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence” How to explain the use of a colon in this sentence? The steppe is cheerfully full of flowers: the gorse turns bright yellow, bluebells modestly turn blue, wild carnation burns with crimson spots. 1) The generalizing word stands before the homogeneous members of the sentence. 2) The second part of the complex sentence is opposed to what is said in the first part. 3) The first part of the complex sentence indicates the time of doing what is said in the second part. 4) The second part of the complex sentence explains, reveals the content of what is said in the first part. MOST COMMON CORRECT ANSWERS - see example + "The second part of the non-union complex sentence indicates the reason for what is said in the first part"
Task A 25 - “Punctuation marks in a complex sentence” In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which commas should be in the sentence? One of the largest aircraft (1) is the Airbus A-380 (2) whose engines (3) (4) have a unique power. 1) 2 2) 1 3) 3 4) 1, 4 CORRECT ANSWER FORMULA: k - 1 or k - 1 and k + 1, where k is a number next to (often before) with the allied word "WHICH"
Task A 26 - “Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with an allied and non-union connection; complex sentence with different types of connection ”In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which commas should be in the sentence? The last meters of the path seemed to Konstantin especially difficult (1) but (2) when they were passed (3) and the mountain peak appeared (4) it became very good for the soul. 1) 1, 2, 3, 4 2) 1, 2, 4 3) 1, 2, 3 4) 2, 3, 4
Task A 26 - continued Most often in exams we will deal with such sentences in which commas should be in place of all the numbers. . . However, MOST and ALWAYS are not the same thing ... To cope with this task, you need to learn how to find the grammatical basis (then we will not put a comma before the union AND connecting homogeneous members of the sentence). But even in complex sentences, a comma is not always placed before the union AND: for example, it was not in the previous example. In second place in terms of prevalence in KIMs are sentences in which commas are placed everywhere except for the position after the coordinative union (in these cases, without distorting the meaning and (and) violating the syntax, it is impossible to omit part of the sentence from the number after the coordinative union to the next number). For example, in the imagination of the writer, a variety of ideas (1) and (2) were crowded; if he forced himself to stop at one thing (3), then again he did not know (4) what the beginning should be. (Answer: 1, 3, 4)
Task A 27 - “Information processing of written texts of various styles and genres” Read the text In calm weather, the water surface is smooth enough to give a mirror image, so when we stand on the river bank in such weather, we see trees on the other side twice: first, the trees themselves, as they are, and, secondly, their reflections in the water. But as soon as the wind rises, the surface of the water ceases to be smooth, ripples appear. A large number of small waves send light in all directions, as a result, the reflection of trees blurs and disappears. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1) When we stand on the bank of the river in calm weather, we see the trees on the other bank twice: 2) 3) 4) the trees themselves and their reflections in the water, and the quality of their reflection improves in windy weather. As soon as the wind picks up, a large number of small waves appear, sending light in all directions, so the reflection of the trees in the river is more distinct in dry weather than in bad weather. In calm weather, the surface of the water is smooth as a mirror, but as soon as the wind picks up, ripples appear on its surface. The mirror reflection of the trees in the river can only be seen in calm weather on a smooth surface of the water, because the ripples created by the wind send light in all directions, and the reflection disappears.
Task A 28 - “Text as a speech work; semantic and compositional integrity of the text” Which sentence of the text contains the answer to the question posed in the first sentence? FIRST SENTENCE: What is the category of beauty in literature? 1) (9) This depth of truth seen by the artist is the aesthetic beauty in art. 2) (8) Still, literature is a second life, concentrated in time. 3) (13) The main tool of the artist is vision and hearing, realized in the word, in thought. 4) (17) But the word itself cannot carry all the beauty or ugliness, it cannot be beautiful or bad, worn out or not worn out just because it expresses this or that concept.
Task A 28 - continuation Task A 28 - the first of three types A, the execution of which is based on the main source text (all tasks of type B are also performed on it and an essay is written). In tasks of type A 28, examinees are asked to find a sentence in which the author expresses his attitude to something, explains any actions, etc., and also lists statements and thoughts that correspond to the content of the text or contradict it. Almost everyone who is not in a hurry and carefully reads the text copes with this task.
Task A 29 - "Styles and functional-semantic types of speech" Which of the following statements is erroneous? 1) 2) 3) 4) Sentences 8–10 contain reasoning ((8) Still, literature is a second life concentrated in time. (9) This depth of truth seen by the artist is aesthetic beauty in art. (10) The beauty that makes us feel both a sense of delight and a feeling of hatred.). Sentence 18 explains the statement made in sentence 17 ((17) But the word itself cannot carry all the beauty or ugliness, cannot be beautiful or bad, worn out or not worn out just because it expresses one or another concept. (18) Real the artist uses words, combinations of words as a necessity, as a tool without which it is impossible to accomplish the miracle of knowledge.). In sentences 25–26, a description is presented ((25) The word is the artist’s own “I”, the realization of his perception. (26) But all people operate with words as the primary element of human communication, regardless of how endowed they are with a sense of harmony, depth and beauty .). Sentence 21 contains the rationale for the statement made in sentence 20 ((20) Serious prose cannot set itself the goal of being exemplary, rationally constructed, so that there is nothing for the eye to catch on. (21) This is false classical perfection (in the name of falsely understood beauty ) causes gray boredom in us, our eyes gliding indifferently over phrases, not dwelling on anything - we do not experience excitement.).
Task A 29 - continued Narration - dynamics unfold in time) events (actions Description - statics, picture (actions are not performed, but you can imagine the objects themselves in question: portrait, landscape, etc.) Reasoning - the author's conclusions, with which not everyone can agree (characteristic features - the presence of introductory words, beliefs, doubts)
Task A 30 - "The lexical meaning of the word" Indicate the sentence in which the phraseological unit is used. 1) (18) He was right, depressingly right ... 2) (7) When they left, I turned to the foreman and praised his guys. 3) (6) They sat in front of me in their filthy overalls, but their fashionable haircuts were visible, they used words at the level of the highest education, it was difficult and interesting to talk with them. 4) (5) They were aware of the latest films and premieres, which I had not yet seen, and book novelties, which I had no idea about yet. You need to know what phraseological units, antonyms and synonyms (direct and contextual) are. In a small number of options there are tasks similar to A 12.
Task B 1 - “The main ways of word formation” From sentences 19–21, write out the word formed by the prefix-suffix method. (19) For years, a non-decreasing line has been standing in the Hermitage. (20) From morning to evening, its halls are full of citizens and visitors from afar. (21) Some of those who come here will really get something for themselves, somehow get excited by the works of the great masters, but how many will come here to check in, to say that they were in the Hermitage, for prestige, how many of them glide indifferently -calm look, remembering to know! Answer: ALONG
Task B 2 - “Morphological analysis of the word” Write a short participle from sentences 12–18. (12) So it is, and the foreman shook his head in agreement. (13) However, for your information, Yermakov is a golden man, one of the most honest and conscientious workers. (14) The one you can rely on in any situation, a warm-hearted, sympathetic person, whose work, by the way, you can never check. (15) Not like these fellows, tyaplyap, somehow, if only sooner. (16) The foreman spoke of these three with accentuated disdain, he was offended by Ermakov, and my assessments offended him with injustice. (17) Later I had the opportunity to check his words. (18) He was right, depressingly right ... Answer: OFFENDED
Task B 3 - “Phrase” From sentences 9–11, write out the subordinate phrase with the AGREEMENT connection. (9) Ermakov was a carpenter with whom I spoke before, and Ermakov really "did not produce". (10) He did not read anything, did not see anything, did not strive for anything. (11) He was obviously one of those “goat” slaughterers who knock for hours in the yards or cut into cards. Answer: THOSE MINERS
Task B 4 - “Offer. The grammatical (predicative) basis of the sentence, the subject and the predicate as the main members of the sentence. Two-part and one-part sentences ”Among sentences 7–14, find a complex one that includes one-part impersonal sentences. Write the number of this compound sentence. (7) When they left, I turned to the foreman and praised his guys. (8) “You liked it ... but Ermakov, therefore, did not produce it? ' he said in an unpleasantly mocking tone. (9) Ermakov was a carpenter with whom I spoke before, and Ermakov really "did not produce". (10) He did not read anything, did not see anything, did not strive for anything. (11) He was obviously one of those “goat” slaughterers who knock for hours in the yards or cut into cards. (12) So it is, and the foreman shook his head in agreement. (13) However, for your information, Yermakov is a golden man, one of the most honest and conscientious workers. (14) The one you can rely on in any situation, a warm-hearted, sympathetic person, whose work, by the way, you can never check. Answer: 14
Task B 5 - “Complicated simple sentence” Among sentences 1–8, find a sentence with a separate agreed application. Write the number of this offer. (1) These three were lively, funny, sharp-tongued. (2) The conversation was about new books. (3) It was nice to hear how these guys, young builders, showed their taste, independence of judgment. (4) They knew the poems of Bulat Okudzhava, they had already read the new novel by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. (5) They were aware of the latest films and premieres that I had not yet seen, and book novelties that I had no idea about yet. (6) They sat in front of me in their filthy overalls, but their fashionable haircuts were visible, they used words at the level of the highest education, it was difficult and interesting to talk with them. (7) When they left, I turned to the foreman and praised his guys. (8) “You liked it ... but Ermakov, therefore, did not produce it? ' he said in an unpleasantly mocking tone. Answer: 3
Task B 6 - “Complex sentence” Among sentences 1–8, find a complex sentence with an explanatory clause. Write the number of this offer. (1) These three were lively, funny, sharp-tongued. (2) The conversation was about new books. (3) It was nice to hear how these guys, young builders, showed their taste, independence of judgment. (4) They knew the poems of Bulat Okudzhava, they had already read the new novel by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. (5) They were aware of the latest films and premieres that I had not yet seen, and book novelties that I had no idea about yet. (6) They sat in front of me in their filthy overalls, but their fashionable haircuts were visible, they used words at the level of the highest education, it was difficult and interesting to talk with them. (7) When they left, I turned to the foreman and praised his guys. (8) “You liked it ... but Ermakov, therefore, did not produce it? ' he said in an unpleasantly mocking tone. Answer: 3
Task B 7 - “Means of communication of sentences in the text” Among sentences 21–25, find one that is connected with the previous ones using a personal pronoun. Write the number of this offer. (21) Some of those who come here will really get something for themselves, somehow get excited by the works of the great masters, but how many will come here to check in, to say that they were in the Hermitage, for prestige, how many of them glide indifferently calm glance, remembering to know! (22) Ermakov, he was not at the Hermitage at all, and he was not in Pavlovsk, and in Pushkin. (23) I was in Peterhof, I watched fountains. (24) The huge cultural and artistic life of a city like Petersburg passes by him. (25) But, perhaps, this frank lack of interest is more honest than a formal introduction to culture. Answer: 24
Task B 8 - “Speech, analysis of means of expression” Read a fragment of a review compiled on the basis of the text that you analyzed while doing tasks A 28-A 30, B 1-B 7. This fragment examines the language features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps with the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. If you do not know which number from the list should be in the place of the gap, write the number 0. The sequence of numbers in the order in which they are written by you in the text of the review in the place of the gaps, write down in the answer sheet No. 1 to the right of the task number B 8, starting with the first cell. Write each number in a separate cell in accordance with the samples given in the form. Separate numbers with commas. Put each comma in a separate box. Spaces are not used when writing answers.
Task B 8 - continuation “There is no direct answer to the question that worries D. Granin in the text. However, the attitude of the author to the characters is clearly traced. So, techniques: _____ (“highest education” in sentence 6) and _____ (“did not produce” in sentences 8–9 ((8) “You liked it ... but Ermakov, then, did not produce it?” - he said somehow unpleasantly mockingly. (9) Yermakov was a carpenter with whom I spoke before, and Yermakov really “did not produce”), “rights” in sentence 18 ((18) He was right, depressingly right ...)) - help the author to evaluate young builders and carpenter Ermakov. A capacious characterization of Ermakov is helped by such a syntactic means as _____ (for example, in sentence 10 ((10) He didn’t read anything, didn’t see anything, didn’t aspire to anything.)), and the trope - _____ (a warm-hearted person) ". List of terms: 1) lexical repetition 6) epithet 2) vernacular 7) irony 3) dialectism 8) rhetorical appeal 4) litote 9) opposition 5) homogeneous members of the sentence Answer: 7, 1, 5, 6
Place all punctuation marks: indicate the number(s) that should be replaced by a comma(s) in the sentence.
This long row seemed especially difficult for Levin (1), but (2) when the row was reached to the end (3) and Titus began to follow the tracks with slow steps (4), Levin went along his swath in the same way.
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Here is the correct spelling:
This long line seemed especially difficult to Levin, but on the other hand, when the line was reached to the end, and Tit began to follow the tracks with slow steps, Levin went along his swath in the same way.
Comma 1 separates parts of a compound sentence.
Commas 2 and 4 mark subordinate clauses.
The comma 3 separates homogeneous subordinate clauses joined by the adversative conjunction A.
Commas should be in places 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Answer: 1234
Rule: Task 20. Punctuation marks in a sentence with different types of communication
TASK 20 USE. PUNCUNCATION IN A SENTENCE WITH DIFFERENT CONNECTIONS
In task 20, students should be able to punctuate a complex sentence consisting of 3-5 simple ones.
This most difficult task tests the graduate's ability to put into practice the following knowledge:
1) at the level of a simple sentence:
Understanding that there is no proposal without a basis;
Knowledge of the features of the basis of one-part sentences (impersonal, etc.)
Understanding that in a simple sentence there can be homogeneous predicates and subjects, punctuation marks between which are placed according to the rules of homogeneous members.
2) at the level of a complex sentence:
The ability to determine the main and subordinate clauses in the composition of the NGN on the issue;
The ability to see unions (allied words) in a subordinate clause;
The ability to see index words in the main
The ability to see homogeneous subordinate clauses, in which punctuation marks are placed in the same way as in homogeneous members.
3) at the level of a compound sentence:
The ability to see parts of the SSP and separate them with a comma. There is no common secondary term in this task.
4) at the level of the entire proposal as a whole:
The ability to see those places in a sentence in which two unions met: there may be two subordinating or coordinating and subordinating.
Let's collect all the basic punctuation rules that are important when completing a task and number them for convenience.
| BP 6 If in a complex sentence there are coordinating and subordinating conjunctions (AND AND ALTHOUGH, AND AND HOW, AND AND IF, BUT AND WHEN, AND AND TO, etc.), then you need to find out if there are correlative words THEN, SO or one more coordinating union (A, BUT, HOWEVER, etc.). A comma is placed only when these words are absent after the subordinate clause. For example: [Curtain rose], and, (as soon as the audience saw their favorite), [the theater trembled with applause and enthusiastic shouts] Compare: [Curtain rose], and (as soon as the audience saw their favorite), So the theater trembled with applause and enthusiastic cries]. and (although her words were familiar to Saburov), [they suddenly made her heart ache]. [The woman kept talking and talking about her misfortunes], and (although her words were familiar to Saburov), but[Suddenly my heart sank.] |
As you can see, rules 5 and 6 are very similar: we choose either to write TO (BUT ...), or to put a comma.
Consider sentences from the RESHUEGE database and the algorithm for working on a sentence.
[argue](1) what? ( what Brazilian carnivals delight and fascinate)(2) and(3) (when(4) when? then did you see for yourself (5) what? ( how much eyewitnesses were right).
1. Highlight the basics.
1- Approve (one-part, predicate)
2- carnivals delight and fascinate
3 - we saw
4- make sure yourself
5- eyewitnesses are right
2. We highlight unions and correlative words. We draw attention to the fact that AND and WHEN stand nearby and that there is THAT.
3. We mark subordinate clauses: we take all sentences in which there are subordinate conjunctions in parentheses.
(what Brazilian carnivals delight and fascinate)
(when we first saw its unique bright beauty)
(how much eyewitnesses were right).
4. We establish which main clauses belong to. To do this, we put questions from the main to the alleged subordinate clauses.
[Affirm] what? ( what Brazilian carnivals delight and fascinate). 1 component found. Comma 1 is placed according to the rule 4 [ = ], (which is = and =).
There are two subordinate clauses and one without a subordinating union. We check whether it is possible to put questions from him.
[then themselves convinced] when? ( when we first saw its unique bright beauty)
[were convinced] of what? ( how much eyewitnesses were right). The second component is found. Commas 4 and 5 are placed according to rule 4.
(when - =), [then- =], (as far as - =) Two different subordinate clauses to one main, the subordinate tense very often comes BEFORE the main.
1 and 2 components are connected by a coordinating conjunction AND into one compound sentence. This is comma 2.
Scheme: |[ = ], (what- = and =)|, and |(when - =), [then- = ], (how much - =)|
It remains to find out if a comma is needed 3. Between AND and WHEN, according to rule 6, a comma is not needed, since after the subordinate clause there is TO.
Training tests for task No. 25 Punctuation marks in a complex sentence.
We invented time (1) it is alien to nature (2) and therefore (3) when a person suddenly begins to feel it (4) he becomes uncomfortable.
And the old woman kept talking and talking about her happiness (1) and (2) although her words were familiar (3) but their grandson suddenly had a sweet heartache from them (4) as if he imagined himself in her place (5) and (6) as if everything he heard happened to him.
Ignorance always has more certainty (1) than knowledge (2) and only the ignorant can assert with certainty (3) that the sciences will never be able to solve this (4) or other problem.
The wind increased (1) and (2) when we walked along the palm alley (3) then large drops of rain were already loudly pounding on the leaves (4) and leaving footprints in the sand.
He looked with cloudy eyes at the arrested person (1) and was silent for a while (2) painfully remembering (3) why in the morning merciless Yershalaim sun the prisoner was standing in front of him with a face disfigured by beatings (4) and what other useless questions he would have to ask.
I was finally convinced that (1) that I was completely lost (2) and went at random to (3) where the fields stretched endlessly.
It is known (1) that the happy do not watch the clock (2) and another is true (3) that those (4) who do not watch the clock (5) are already happy.
In a handful of bright sea stones, you will not immediately notice a small, modest pearl (1) but (2) the more you look at it (3) compared with the cheap elegance of the environment (4), the better you will understand (5) why pearls are pearls.
The film made a strong impression on us (1) and (2) when we returned home from the cinema (3) we remembered the well-aimed phrases (4) that the main character poured.
If I were asked to name the main quality of Aksakov's books (1) I would be incomplete (2) but I would name mental health (3) which involuntarily pours into the reader of these books (4) and fills him.
The night ended (1) and (2) when the sun rose (3) it became warm (4) all nature came to life.
End of form
The moose became so attached to the boy (1) that (2) when he went somewhere (3) the animal sniffed the air anxiously (4) and refused to eat. End of form
When he studied at the university (1) it seemed to him (2) that medicine would soon suffer the fate of alchemy and metaphysics (3) now (4) when he reads at night (5) medicine touches him (6) and arouses surprise in him and even delight.
End of form
End of form
It got dark in the forest (1) and I expected (2) when the hidden beast would open all (3) but it lay down (4) as predators from the breed of cats can do (5) and because of the stones only eyes (6) were visible that lit up green light.
The closer autumn (1) is, the more noticeable and brighter this tree becomes (2) and (3) when the earth becomes completely impoverished (4) and there is nothing to please the human eye (5), bright bonfires of rowan flare up in the valley.
In ancient times there was a large swamp here (1) which then dried up (2) and overgrown (3) and now only centuries-old moss (4) small windows-wells in this moss (5) and an abundance of wild rosemary reminded of it.
In the predawn hour, frost sometimes arises (1) and the strength of the wind is determined (2) and (3) therefore (4) if you want to understand (5) how the day will turn out (6), you must definitely leave the house (7) and watch the predawn hour. It was a dazzling mid-March morning (1) when the snow settled everywhere to the ground (2) and compacted in the fields (3) and only the roadsides were already cut by the sun.
Urov returned to Moscow on a nice frosty day (1) and (2) when he put on a fur coat (3) and warm gloves (4) and on Saturday evening he heard the ringing of bells (5), then the recent trip lost all charm for him.
Man is such a wonderful creature (1) that one can never suddenly calculate his merits (2) and (3) the more you peer into him (4) the more new features are announced (5) and their description would be endless.
The longer you stay among the English (1) the more you become convinced (2) that (3) only by understanding their national psychology (4) you can feel the originality of human relationships and social processes in this country.
This grass blooms and renews all summer (1) but it blooms with such small white flowers (2) that you can’t see them (3) and therefore (4) when you look along the village (5) even bright green caresses the eye.
The trip was uneventful (1) but (2) when only five kilometers remained until the end of the road (3) the car suddenly skidded (4) because a tire burst.
It was a dazzling mid-March morning (1) when the snow settled everywhere to the ground (2) and compacted in the fields (3) and only the roadsides were already cut by the sun.
It turned out (1) that the snowdrift (2) in which (3) he buried himself in the snow (4) was a shed (5) and they wandered between two villages.
The mirror of the lake was completely covered with circles (1) as if some student was quickly drawing circles on a blank sheet with a pencil (2) and only transparent bubbles testified to (3) that life is going on in the water (4) playing there (5) and fish are feeding .
A few hours later (1) Ivan became exhausted (2) and (3) when he realized (4) that he could not cope with the papers (5) he wept quietly and bitterly.
When the night dew and mountain wind refreshed his hot head (1) and (2) thoughts returned to their usual order (3) he realized (4) that it was useless to chase lost happiness (5) and (6) you need to return.
The dog kept barking thickly and abruptly (1) and (2) as soon as Oblomov moves (3) or the horse knocks with his hoof (4), galloping on the chain (5) and continuous barking begin.
I was not drawn to the street (1) if it was quiet (2) but (3) when I heard a cheerful childish laughter (4) I ran away from the yard.
When we lived in Koktebel (1), my father devoted all his time to drawing (2) and (3) when the weather allowed (4), he disappeared for days with an easel on the shore.
We are entering the open sea (1) but (2) if you look closely (3) then on the horizon (4) you can already see the blue stripe of the coast.
This torment continued until the beginning of the first hour of the day (1) when Nikanor Ivanovich simply ran away from his apartment to the control room at the gate (2) but (3) when he saw (4) that they were watching him there (5) ran away and from there.
There were several letters in the mailbox at once (1) and (2) if it were not for the commander’s strict prohibition (3), then hardly anyone from the detachment would have resisted the temptation to check (4) for news from home.
The last meters of the path seemed to Konstantin especially difficult (1) but (2) when they were passed (3) and the mountain peak appeared (4), it became very good in my soul.
The opinion (1) that the writer is endowed with supernatural powers of observation (2) is very widespread (3) but it seems to me the greatest delusion.
The meaning of life is in beauty (1) and the power of striving for goals (2) and it is necessary (3) that every moment of being has its own high goal.
I drank tea in such excitement (1) that I don’t remember (2) these buns were with nothing (3) or why I suddenly jumped up (4) and hurried (5) and Nina no longer tried to hold me back.
The sun was setting (1) and (2) it seemed (3) that the last silence fell on the earth (4) and I would never hear a human voice again.
Either the geranium bush stood far away (1) or the neighbor waved her hand at him for the reason (2) that he fell ill in the very first summer month (3) and it was clear (4) that he was not a tenant (5) but even then (6 ) when early snow unexpectedly fell (7), the neighbor did not put it in heat.
He was content with (1) what is written in a notebook (2) and did not show bothersome curiosity (3) even (4) when he did not understand everything (5) that he listened and taught.
If you are a hundred times a gentleman and a privy councilor (1) but (2) if you have a daughter (3) then you are not guaranteed anything from that philistinism (4) that matchmaking and marriage often bring into your house.
In these places, great fishing (1) and (2) if you have free time (3) then you can spend it near the river (4) which is just teeming with fish.
But I want to warn you (1) that (2) if you deceive me (3) you will be ashamed (4) because it will be a rather low act.
With wide eyes he looked at the endless panorama of the shores (1) and it seemed to him (2) that he was moving along a wide silver path to those wonderful kingdoms (3) where sorcerers (4) and heroes of fairy tales live.
She saw the whole catastrophe in the form of a thunderstorm (1) but (2) that lightning would strike her (3) at first she did not think and felt behind Sasha (4) calmly and confidently.
If the sun is shining (1) and there are no clouds in the sky (2), then the singing of birds and the smell of hay is felt stronger (3) and this memory awakens a thought (4) and takes it far, far away.
Dawn in the desert comes slowly (1) and (2) if you do not see in the sky that moment (3) when a barely noticeable line is drawn in it between night (4) and dawn (5), you can not feel the approach of morning for a long time.
As a person can be recognized by the society (1) in which he moves (2) so he can be judged (3) and by the language (4) in which he is expressed.
Black poplars buzzed (1) and (2) although the sea was still playing with the surf (3) it became noticeable (4) how the sky was gradually clearing.
But the river majestically carries its waters (1) and what does it care about these flowers (2) that float (3) on the water (4) as ice floes recently floated.
When we don’t like a person (1) we will find any reason to refuse to help him (2) and (3) if we like him (4) then we will always convince ourselves (5) that he needs help.
The boy grew up smart and healthy (1) and (2) when he got older (3) his father allowed him to share with the fishermen (4) the difficulties and dangers of sea fishing.
Then she thought (1) that (2) if someday she had a son (3), she would call him by that name.
His head was full of the most unimaginable and fantastic projects, and by the time (1) when it was necessary to decide (2) what to do next in this life (3) Savvushka stunned his mother, announcing her desire to go to study in Moscow , to university.
In Runet (1), which is developing rapidly (2), you need to maintain a balance between old and new (3) and (4) so the desire to make the most beautiful design and use the most fashionable technologies should not obscure the convenience and simplicity of the service.
It was not clear (1) what these people were doing (2) what was driving them further (3) and (4) what was the purpose of their constant movement.
His wife, Nadezhda Valerianovna, worked at Denikin's headquarters, and then was evacuated from the Crimea and, after long ordeals, ended up in Germany with her children (1) where Vilkitsky was looking for them for several years (2) and (3) when he found (4) it was it's already late.
A lot of great business projects appear when (1) when their founders face some problem in everyday life (2) it turns out to be too difficult to solve: a little thought, and (3) if a person is entrepreneurial (4) an interesting business idea can be born.
In Russia, the figures indicating the development of the mobile Internet are still modest (1) but (2) if you look at all the data (3), it becomes clear (4) that there is every reason to expect the Russian mobile audience to reach the European and even American level.
The boy didn’t ask about anything else and didn’t pull his father anywhere (1) as (2) if they settled permanently on this pier (3) and so (4) and began to live here, like refugees or migrants.
However (1) he overcame this cowardly desire (2) and headed towards the Sparrow Hills (3) to (4) where in the distant haze a building with a spire and a star could be seen on the high bank of the Moskva River.
The fog became so strong (1) that (2) despite the fact (3) that it was dawning (4) it was not visible ten steps in front of you.
(Tolstoy L.N.)
Everyone is so accustomed to them (clocks) (1) that (2) if they disappeared (3) somehow miraculously from the wall (4) it would be sad, as if a native voice had died and nothing could plug an empty place. (Bulgakov)
A person changes (1) and (2) in order to imagine the logic of the actions of a literary hero or people of the past (3) one must imagine (4) how they lived, what kind of world surrounded them. (Yu.M. Lotman)
He (Pierre) learned (1) that (2) when he, as it seemed to him, of his own free will, married his wife (3) he was no more free than now (4) when he was locked up for the night in the stable.
My whole idea is (1) that (2) if vicious people are interconnected and constitute a force (3) then honest people need to do (4) just the same thing.
Egor Ivanovich led us through the taiga for the third hour (1) and (2) so as not to get lost (3) from time to time looked at the compass (4) although even without it the old man always knew how to choose the right direction.
The curtain fell (1) and (2) when the lights came on in the hall (3) it became clear (4) how excited the faces of the audience were.
There is complete silence in the forest (1) and (2) if you listen (3) you will hear (4) how dry leaves are falling.
The children were so convinced of the omnipotence of their leader (1) that (2) when he looked at the sky (3) and the rain stopped (4) they were not at all surprised.
Grandfather decided to urgently leave for Moscow (1) so that (2) when needed (3) he was next to us (4) and could provide assistance without delay, at the same minute.
It turned out (1) that the manuscript had not yet been finally edited (2) and that (3) until additional work was done (4) it was impossible to hand it over to the printing house.
Snow covered the tracks of tired travelers (1) and it became clear (2) that (3) if the snowfall did not stop by night (4) it would be very difficult to find the way back.
Maria did not answer anything (1) and (2) to distract herself from the conversation that was unpleasant for her (3) she began to stroke the dog (4) although she was sleeping peacefully.
The library opened at eight in the morning (1) and (2) although there were never any visitors at such early hours (3) Nina Ivanovna never allowed herself to be late (4) and even came a little earlier.
After the instructor's remarks (1), the guys walked faster (2) and (3) when it began to get dark (4) there were only three kilometers left to the place of lodging for the night.
Sergeev went ashore (1) but (2) when he saw an unfamiliar Chinese (3) at the pier on a huge pile of oranges, he suddenly, piercingly and clearly felt (4) how far the Motherland was from him.
After the third bell rang (1), the curtain trembled and slowly crawled up (2) and (3) as soon as the audience saw their favorite (4), the walls of the theater literally trembled with applause and enthusiastic screams.
