The official language of the United Arab Emirates is Arabic. As in the entire modern world, English has also become widespread in tourist and business areas. It is not uncommon to meet people who understand French. Since a large number of expatriates who are not native speakers of Arabic came to work in the country, you can hear the dialect in Hindi (the state language of India), Urdu (Pakistan), Bengali (Bangladesh), Farsi (Iran), Tagalog (Philippines), Malayam (India) and Punjabi (India).

But the increasing flow of Russian tourists is also doing a good deed - in many self-respecting hotels, shopping centers and some small shops (mainly in Nasser Square), Russian is understood, which cannot but please lazy or hard-to-learn English tourists from the post-Soviet space. Signs are also beginning to adapt to Russian-speaking travelers - cunning merchants are happy to try in any way to make themselves known and attract buyers, although most of the signs are still broadcast in two languages ​​- Arabic and English.

There are no problems with numbers either. Along with the official Hindu-Arabic numerals for the Emirates

very vaguely reminiscent of signs familiar to us, traditional Arabic numerals are widely used, understandable to every European.

As for the purity of speech, there are big problems with this in the UAE. In literary Arabic - fush, they speak only in the mass media. It may very well be that the cream of the Emirati society also speak this language, but do not use it daily. Basically, all communication takes place in Dinglish - the so-called Dubai English, in which everything is mixed.

If, nevertheless, there is a great desire to show off at least a superficial knowledge of Arabic, then below is a list of words and phrases that are often used in the tourist zone.

Russian-Arabic phrasebook

Common phrases

	naam (quince)
You are welcome
Sorry
Hello
Goodbye	ma assalam
Good morning	sabah al khair
Good evening	masaa al khair
Goodnight	tesbah ala keir
I don't understand	Ana Ma Bethham
My name is...
What is your name?	shu ismak?
I'm from Russia	ana man russia
Very nice
How are you?	kif al hal?
I want juice / eat / sleep	aiz/ayza asyr/akl/enem
I don't want...	Mish Aiz / Aiza...
Where is the toilet here?	fine al hamam
How much does the ticket cost?	bikam al ograa
One ticket to takhara	wahda lav samaht
Where do you live?
What time is it now?	spruce sah kam
no entry	duhul mamnua
One ticket to... please	vahad bitaka …, Athos
	Ommy, mom, om
	Abby, baba, ab
Girl, girl

Hotel

What is the price
Room with bath
	hawai safari
Do you have a pen?	andak alam?

Store (shopping)

	salsaia
What is the price	bicam hut?
Cash	fulus; nukud
Cashless	andi kart
Do you have water?	andak maya?
Enough is enough
Fresh squeezed juice	asyr fresh
Sugar / salt	sukkar/malech
Mutton	lahm haruf
Beef	lyahm bakar
Pepper / spices	fylfil / bharat
Potato
Lentils
Sweets	halaviyat
Grape
Strawberry
oranges	burtukal
tangerines	kelemantina
	cantalope

Transport

emergency cases

Restaurant

Check please (bill)
Tea coffee	shay / kahwa
Instant coffee
Grilled
I do not eat meat!	ana ma bakul lyakhma!
Vermicelli
Pasta	pasta
Stuffed pepper	fylfil mehshi
	sundwish
Cheese / sour cream (sour)	jubna / laban

Pronouns

	enta/enty

Numbers

Half
Quarter

In a traditional environment, you can hear a greeting (at any time of the day):

السلام عليكم ! Peace to you! as-sala: m 'ale ykum

Reply to this greeting:

وعليكم السلام ! Peace to you too! Wah Bale ykum as-sala: m

In a religious environment, it is customary to greet with a blessing:

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته !

as-sal I: m 'ale ykum Wa-rahmat-ulla Wa-baraka: ti h and

Peace var, and the mercy of the Most High, and His blessings

You can say hello (or answer a greeting) with one word:

سلام ! Hello! (verbatim:world) sal i :m

In an informal environment, greetings are possible:

مرحبا ! Hey! m a rhaba

أهلا ! Hey! a hAlan

Reply to a guest greeting:

أهلا وسهلا ! Welcome!a halan wah-s a hAlan

In a rural areain response to the greeting of the guest, they can say:

أهلين أهلين Hi Hi a hl eh yin, eh hl eh yin

مرحبتين ! Hi Hi! (literally: "two hello") ma rHabte in

When meeting a person who has not been seen for a long time, you can also say (in a friendly environment; colloquial language):

Where have you been, man?ue:on-l-g eh yba, ya for the lame وين الغيبة يا زلمة؟

Residents of cities after a greeting usually ask a question:

كيف الحال ؟ How are you? ki:f al-ha:l

(wordحال Ha:l in this case, it is translated as “state, position, business; well-being")

In literary language, this phrase sounds like this:

كيف الحال ؟ How are you? ka yfa-l-ha:l

Residents of rural areas are characterized by a different version of the question, using a pronominal ending. In the literary version, it sounds like this:

كيف حالك ؟ ka yifah ha:bow

كيف حالك ؟ ka yifah ha:bows

كيف حالكم ؟ How are you doing? (plural) ka yfa ha: delight

Note that the above addresses to a man and a woman are spelled the same (because the pronominal suffix is ​​used ك ) , but differ in pronunciation. A feminine plural form exists, but the situations in which it is used (for example, in women's educational institutions) are rare and therefore not mentioned in the scope of this material.

In colloquial language, it sounds like this:

كيف حالك ؟ How are you? (referring to a man) ki:f ha:lak

كيف حالك ؟ How are you? (addressing a woman) ki:f Ha:lki; ki:f Halek

كيف حالكم ؟ How are you doing? (plural) ki:f Ha:lkum

Note: in many villages in Israel and Jordan, the letterك pronounced like h(with the exception of pronominal word endings). Therefore, the phrases mentioned above will sound like this:

كيف حالك ؟ How are you? (to a man) chi:f ha:lak

كيف حالك ؟ How are you? (to a woman) chi:f Ha:lki

كيف حالكم ؟ How are you doing? (plural) chi:f Ha:lkum

Learn Arabic on your own and for free with videos

Below are common questions, with pronunciation typical of the spoken language:

Are you doing well? (to a man) umu:cancer tama:m أمورك تمام؟

Are you doing well? (to a woman) umu:rek tama:m أمورك تمام؟

Are you doing well? umu:rkum tama:m أموركم تمام؟

كيف الصحة ؟ How is your health? ki:f aS-Sa Ha

كيف صحتك ؟ ki:f Sa Htak

كيف صحتك ؟ ki:f Sa Htaki; ki:f Sa Htaek

In the traditional Bedouin pronunciation, these questions sound like this:

كيف الصحة ؟ How is your health? chi:f aS-Sa XXa

كيف صحتك ؟ How is your health? (to a man) chi:f Sa xxtak

كيف صحتك ؟ How is your health? (to a woman) chi:f Sa Xxtaki

In the Egyptian dialect, in a friendly environment, you can use the expression:

How are you? (referring to a man) yzza yakازيك

How are you? (addressing a woman) yzza yekازيك

How are you? (to a group of people) yzza ykumازيكم

Standard answer:

الحمد لله Thank God! al-ha mdu lilla

When meeting again within one day, you can say:

يعطيك العافية yaaTy:k al-ya:fiyya

He will make you feel good (referring to a man)

(by "He will give" is meant "Allah will give")

يعطيك العافية yaaTy:ki-l-ba:fiyya

He will make you feel good (appeal to a woman)

يعطيكم العافية yaaTy: kum-l-ya: fiyya

He will make you feel good (address to a group of people)

The traditional response to this request is:

الله يعا فيك a lla yaa:fi:k

God will reward you with health (address to a man

الله يعا فيك a lla yaa: fi: ki

God will reward you with health (address to a woman)

الله يعا فيكم a lla yaa:fi:com

God will reward you with health (address to a group of people)

Arabic is fast becoming one of the most important languages ​​in the world. It is spoken by more than 120 million people in different countries and parts of the world, and it is one of the ten most widely spoken languages ​​on the planet. If you have already studied English or another European language, be prepared for the fact that Arabic is fundamentally different from them (as well as from Russian). Therefore, when you decide to learn Arabic, try to understand these differences from the very beginning.

Steps

Part 1

Learning the basics

Buy a good Arabic textbook. Arabic is very different from both Russian and European languages, so it is important to have a book that explains the structure and grammar of the language, especially if you are just starting to learn it. Here are some textbooks on the basics of Arabic grammar in Russian and in English (Russian can also be found in the electronic version):

Use sites to learn the language. There are many websites on the Internet that will help you master the basics. While some well-known programs can cost a fortune (like Rosetta Stone), there are also free websites for learning Arabic. Here are some of the most trustworthy English-language sources, as well as one Russian-language one:

Learn the Arabic alphabet. The Arabic text is written and read from right to left, as opposed to Russian, English and other European languages. Some sounds and letters of our alphabet do not exist in Arabic, and vice versa.

Learn some basic words. When you're learning a new language, it's important to learn a few simple words to get used to the pronunciation and set the stage for further learning. Here are some common Arabic words for you to memorize.

• مرحباً (marhaban)- "Hey"
• مع السّلامة (mea as salama)- "goodbye"
• أهلاً وسهلاً بكَ (alyan wa salyan bika)- "welcome" addressed to a man
• أهلاً وسهلاً بكِ (alyan wa salyan biki)- "welcome" addressed to a woman
• كبير (kabir)- "large"
• صغير (sag "ir, in the middle the sound between "g" and "x")- "little"
• اليوم (elyaum)- "today"
• واحد, إثنان, ثلاثة (wahada, iSnani, SalaSa; C as "th" in English "think") - "one two Three"
• أكل (akelya)- "eat" (in the sense of "eat")
• ذهب (zahaba)- "go"

1. Make vocabulary cards. The only way to learn a language is to memorize new words. Make cards with an Arabic word on one side and its Russian translation on the other. You can use them for self-test. Plus, the flashcards aren't as bulky as textbooks, and you can carry them around and repeat the words anywhere as soon as you have a free moment.

   • You may find it easier to learn words by grouping them by meaning. Unlike English, Arabic uses roots that can be used to guess the meaning or origin of a word. For example, in English and in Russian the words "computer", "keyboard", "Internet" are related in meaning, but not in sound. In Arabic, related words also have a connection by ear.

2. Learn basic sentence structure. Arabic sentences are usually built according to the scheme predicate-subject-direct object. This is one of its main differences from English, where the subject comes before the predicate.

   Learn to ask questions. To turn a sentence into an interrogative, in Arabic you can simply start it with the word هل (hel)(on the letter, do not forget that the sentence begins on the right!).

   • For example, هل لديه بيت؟ (hel ladaihi bait?("does he have a house?") is an interrogative form of the sentence لديه بيت (ladaihi bait)("he has a house").

3. Learn a few common phrases. If you are traveling to a country where Arabic is spoken, you need to understand how to put words together in sentences in order to be able to communicate. Here are some of the most popular Arabic phrases that you will find useful:

   • كيف حالك؟ (keifa haloka)" - "how are you?"
   • أنا بخير شكرا (ana behair, shokran)- "OK, thanks"
   • شكرا (shokran)- "Thank you"
   • ما إسمك؟ (ma esmeka? ma esmeka?)- "What's your name?" (in the first case in relation to a man, in the second - to a woman)
   • إسمي... (esme...)- "my name is …"
   • متشرف, (motasherefon)- "nice to meet you"
   • هل تتكلم اللغة الإنجليزية (hel tatakallamu alloha alenjlisia- "Do you speak English?"
   • لا أفهم (la afiem)" - "I don't understand"
   • هل بإمكانك مساعدتي؟ (hel biemkanek mosa adetai?)- "can you help me?"
   • أدرس اللغة العربية منذ شهر (adrusu alluha el arabia mundu shah "r)– "I study Arabic for one month"
   • أحبك (ahabdaki)- "I love you"
   • كم الساعة؟ (kemese "a)- "what time is it now?"

4. Read a dictionary. When learning a foreign language, it is important to expand your vocabulary. Read an Arabic-Russian dictionary and try to memorize new words. The more words you know, the easier it will be for you to express your thoughts in the language.

Part 3

Maintaining practical skills

Visit a country where Arabic is spoken. Traveling and immersing yourself in the culture of the country you are learning is one of the best ways to practice speaking. At home, you are unlikely to regularly practice speaking Arabic, but during a trip to an Arab country, you will need this skill all the time - from checking into a hotel to shopping at a local market.

Join a group for oral communication. A good way to practice is to find someone with whom you can speak Arabic. Try searching the Internet to see if there are such groups in your city, or check with your local university. Sometimes there are some kind of clubs at language universities where language learners can communicate with each other.

Meet a native speaker for regular communication. Try to find and make friends with a person whose native language is Arabic. Frequent communication with a native speaker will help you keep the language active. If this is difficult in your city, meet someone on the Internet and talk on Skype. For example, the site www.conversationexchange.com was created specifically for those who want to get acquainted with the purpose of learning a language.

Visit the center of Arab culture. In the US, they are in almost every state; in Russia they can be found in some large cities, for example, in Moscow and Kazan. You can visit such a center if you are interested in Arabic language and culture. They also organize various cultural events and offer assistance to members of the Arab community.

Warnings

• In Arabic, many words change by gender. For example, "you" in relation to a man would be anta, and to a woman - anti.
• Some people from the Middle East, especially children, do not understand foreigners who speak Arabic, so work on your pronunciation as carefully as possible.

Sources

1. http://www.ozon.ru/context/detail/id/4510547
2. http://www.ozon.ru/context/detail/id/18194779

Assalyamu alaikum- Muslim greeting (Arabic ‏وعليكم السلام‎‎ - peace be upon you). Reply to greeting walaikum as-salaam(Arabic ‏وعليكم السلام‎‎ - and peace be with you). The word "salaam", the same root as "Islam", literally meant "peace with God."

The Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “You will not enter Paradise until you believe, and you will not believe until you begin to love one another. So why don't I point out to you what will lead you to mutual love, if you do this? Spread greetings among yourselves!” (Muslim)

Greeting Options

Assalamu alaikum is a common form of greeting without specifying by gender, as it grammatically indicates the second person plural (you).

As-salamu alaika(Arabic السلام عليك‎‎ - peace be with you) - when referring to "you" to one man;

As-salamu alaiki(Arabic السلام عليك‎‎ - peace be with you) - when referring to "you" to one woman;

As-salamu alaikum(Arabic السلام عليكما‎‎ - peace be upon you (both)) - when referring to two people of either gender;

As-salamu aleykunna(Arabic السلام عليكن‎‎ - peace be with you) - only when referring to three or more women;

As-salamu alaikum(Arabic السلام عليكم‎‎ - peace be with you) - when referring to a group of three or more people in which there is at least one man; or the highest state person (king, minister, and so on);

As-salamu alaikum wa-rahmatu-llah(Arabic السلام عليكم ورحمة الله‎‎) - a form of greeting, meaning: "Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah";

As-salamu alaikum wa-rahmatu-llahi wa-barakatuh(Arabic السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته‎‎) - a form of greeting, meaning: "Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah and His blessing."

Wa-alaikum as-salaam wa-rahmatu-llahi wa-barakatuh(arab. وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله وبركاته‎‎) - a form of response to a greeting, meaning: "And you peace, the mercy of Allah and His blessing."

salam(Arabic سلام‎‎ - peace) - this is how Muslims greet each other in some countries. Moreover, representatives of other religions can greet each other in this way.

Adaby greetings

1. Be generous with greetings. Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, was never stingy with greetings. In a transmission from Abdullah bin Amr: “The Prophet was asked: “O Messenger of the Almighty! What is the best in Islam?”. "The best thing is if you feed the hungry, greet both acquaintances and strangers," the Prophet replied.

2. Be sure to answer the greeting. “Salam” is also a dua (prayer) uttered by the tongue and coming from the heart, and it is imperative to respond to those who wish you peace, mercy and blessings.

3. According to the Quran, Muslims are required to respond to a greeting using no less words than the one who greeted first.

“When you are greeted, respond with an even better greeting or the same one. Verily, Allah counts every thing.”

Holy Koran. Sura 4 "An-Nisa" / "Women", verse 86

4. Muslims greet each other even if they are in a quarrel. The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “When two Muslims meet, then let them greet each other, and if there is a quarrel or enmity between them, then let them also greet each other” (Abu Dawud).

5. The first to greet: the elder - the youngest, the city dweller - a villager, the rider - on foot, standing - sitting, the owner - a servant, the father - his son, the mother - his daughter. The Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The rider (should be the first) to greet the pedestrian, the walking one, the seated one, and the smaller (in terms of the number of people) the larger one” (Al-Bukhari, Muslim).

6. The Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Let the newly arrived from among you greet those present and let the one who leaves you also greet those who remain. And it does not surpass the first greeting in importance to the last.

7. Before greeting people in the mosque, Muslims must pray tahiyat l-masjid (greeting the mosque).

8. Muslims should not be the first to greet:

• Men - unfamiliar girls, young women
• Reading a prayer (namaz), a sermon (khutba) or the Koran
• Making remembrance of Allah (dhikr) or preaching a sermon
• Muezzin calling to prayer (adhan or iqamah)
• Taking food or expelling natural needs
• The person who commits sin

Allah Almighty knows best