Soon the New Year, the chimes are getting closer and closer. Preparations for the holiday are in full swing. The main questions in the New Year's bustle: where to meet, what to meet, what to give ... As the date approaches, everyone thinks: how to appease the symbolso that it brings good luck and prosperity, health and a lot of joy to you and your loved ones.

The 24SMI editorial material will help you make a good choice of the New Year's menu, home decorating ideas and outfit choices. He will tell you how to properly celebrate the New Year, so that good luck always accompanies you in the coming year.

Astrologers unanimously declare: the year of the Yellow Earth Dog will bring stability. The dog is a pack animal, loves home and family. With diligence and hard work, the Dog promises patronage: good luck will come to the house. The Year of the Yellow Dog is the year of love. A wedding in the year of the Dog is a guarantee of a long and strong union. And children born in the year of the Yellow Dog will please their parents with good health, intelligence and talents.

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The dog loves peace and unanimity. She favors hardworking and non-conflict people, loves creativity and creation. The Year of the Yellow Dog promises to be peaceful and calm, like a dog guarding peace in the house. The mistress of the house will try to reduce the number of wars and conflicts in the world this year.

How to celebrate 2018 the year of the Yellow Dog?

A dog is an animal that loves home and family. Therefore, you need to meet the year of the Yellow Earth Dog at home, in the circle of loved ones. Astrologers for each sign of the Zodiac offer their own version of the meeting of the holiday.

• Capricorn meticulously think through every detail of the celebration. They will suit a delicious feast and a fun holiday. Astrologers offer Capricorns to go beyond what was planned and add some extravagance and recklessness to the celebration.
• Aquarius- travelers and adventurers. Go with your friends to a noisy party. Even if you stay at home, you won't be bored: Aquarians know how to have fun.
• Fish- romantic nature. It is suitable for you to celebrate the New Year in a cozy small company or together with your loved one. Create a romantic entourage in the house with candles and love confessions.
• scorpions in the year of the Yellow Dog, a new stage in life awaits. Traveling to an unknown place is suitable for you, as a symbol of renewal in your life. Take friends with you, they will add happiness to your life.
• Scales love comfort. It is better to invite guests to your house and set the festive table together. Organize fun contests, drawings and dances.

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• Virgo, as a wonderful hostess, can organize a holiday at home. Gather loved ones and invite friends. Your talents will not go unnoticed.
• lions, like great inventors, will not be bored in any situation. Approach the New Year's Eve creatively: it's better to go somewhere, you can even go to an unfamiliar place.
• For Cancer the main thing is family. You can traditionally celebrate the holiday in a close family circle. The main thing is a delicious New Year's menu on the festive table.
• For Aries a noisy party with a large number of guests is suitable. Where Aries is celebrated, it is always fun and noisy.
• Taurus love comfort and luxury. Your place on New Year's Eve is in a beautiful cozy restaurant.
• For Streltsov New Year's Eve can be full of surprises. Who knows where the restless and energetic representatives of this sign can be brought on a festive evening.
• Who, if not Twins knows how to have fun. Their place is at a noisy wild party with dancing until you drop, contests and champagne.

The Christmas tree is the main symbol of the New Year. In order for the year of the Yellow Dog to bring good luck to the house, we suggest installing a beauty in the eastern corner of the room according to Feng Shui practice. The dog does not like luxury, so choose toys and decorations for the Christmas tree from natural materials: wood, straw, clay and metal.

Jewelry is better to choose discreet, small sizes. Place the symbol of the year - a dog figurine - in the center of the green beauty in order to attract prosperity and well-being to the house. Pick up the colors of Christmas toys and tinsel in plain colors: shades of blue, red, yellow.

Year of the Yellow Dog - how to decorate the house?

On New Year's Eve, everyone seeks to decorate their home, create a cozy holiday atmosphere. To avoid a chaotic pile of incongruous decorations, choose a single stylistic direction and decide in what colors to decorate your home. Soft colors and natural materials will come in handy in the New Year's interior.

The dog honors traditions, so get family heirlooms: caskets, letters and postcards, little things dear to your heart. Old collections, paintings and photographs will do. Also, old household items that remind you of a bygone time are suitable for home decoration.

You can't do without traditional decorations: garlands, paper snowflakes, confetti and threads of multi-colored beads. Don't forget about old paper lanterns, so reminiscent of childhood.

The main colors of outfits for the meeting of the year of the Yellow Earth Dog:

• yellow,
• gold,
• brown,
• beige,
• apricot.

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The golden color is always relevant: the main thing is not to overdo it and not look pretentious (A dog does not like pathos). Men may not adhere to strict rules in choosing a festive costume - the main thing is that there should be a small detail (tie, cufflinks) of the colors of the year. In general, the Dog loves comfort, so choose just a comfortable outfit, and it can be inexpensive.

You can not get around the question of choosing the appropriate make-up for the New Year 2018. The bright Fiery Rooster is replaced by a calm, balanced Dog. Try to do without flashy shades in the New Year's make-up. The trend is shades of yellow, beige and peach. Soft pastel or terracotta brown makeup will definitely please the hostess of the year.

The Chinese horoscope characterizes the Earth Dog as a cheerful, kind and homely animal. Choose gifts that create coziness and comfort. Suitable:

• blankets,
• tableware,
• photo frames.

Prepare knitted sweaters, scarves, hats for a gift to loved ones.

The dog loves to travel, so feel free to choose the accessories you need on trips as a gift. The New Year will not do without soft toys, porcelain figurines, and jewelry. But from the living symbol of the year of the Dog, still get by, buying a dog - not taking into account signs, this is a serious and balanced matter.

To appease the mistress of the year, you need to try in the kitchen, because the dog loves to eat delicious food. To please the Yellow Dog, serve the New Year's table elegantly. It is better to choose dishes for serving from natural, ecological materials. In choosing what to cook, stop at a balanced and tasty one.

Meat should dominate the festive menu: dishes from beef, pork, lamb and poultry. Meat can be baked, stewed, fried or served in cold salads. Don't forget vegetables and herbs.

The dog has a sweet tooth, he will rejoice at a large beautiful birthday cake. And, of course, you can not do without all kinds of sweets, sweets, cookies and fruits at the festive table.

How to make sure that the New Year's Eve is not reduced to the banal eating of goodies and traditional TV viewing? Of course, a holiday scenario will help you. Do not be lazy and think over the details of the evening, how you will entertain your relatives and friends. Not only dances are suitable, but also contests, quizzes and games. Entertainment should be appropriate for the age and temperament of the invited guests.

On New Year's Eve, funny quizzes and comic skits are suitable. Hold a competition for the funniest image of the symbols of the New Year. Organize a holiday lottery with phantoms and fun gifts. Invite each of the guests to create a comic forecast for 2018. There are many options for a fun holiday, the main thing is to approach the issue creatively and fun.

According to the traditional Chinese calendar, the Year of the Dog will begin on February 16, which means that the symbol of the year of the Dog will remain with us until February 5 next 2019. What is useful to know about her character?

2018: what year of the dog

Chinese astrology uses the lunar calendar, considering the beginning of the New Year the second new moon, which occurs after the winter solstice (the shortest day of the year is December 21). In this ancient calendar, 12 animal symbols, replacing each other, form cycles of 12 years. In turn, two more cycles are superimposed on them in parallel - 5 basic elements, or elements (Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, Earth) and 2 types of cosmic energy (Yin or Yang).

The upcoming New Year of the Dog is the eleventh in the Chinese 12-year cycle. This time it carries the Yang energy as well as the Earth energy traditionally associated with the color yellow. In this way, Yellow Earth Dog- in fact, this is just a verbal decoding of the figurative representations of Chinese astrologers.

Year of the Dog: what years of birth

People born in 2018, 2006, 1994, 1982, 1970, 1958, etc. years, have personality traits that are attributed to their patroness Dog: she is honest and diligent in any business, disinterested in communication and devoted to friends, has an open cheerful character and is always glad to new adventures. The zodiac sign similar to her in psychological type is Libra, and the best compatibility is possible with the signs of the Tiger or the Horse.

Among those born in the year of the Dog, there are many celebrities: Kate Middleton and Prince William, Claudia Slate and Dakota Fanning, Andrea Bocelli and David Bowie, as well as Prince Albert II of Monaco, Jane Birkin, Uma Thurman, Matt Damon, Naomi Campbell, Sharon Stone, Madonna , Sofia Loren, Sylvester Stallone, Brigitte Bardot, Elvis Presley, Freddie Mercury and Michael Jackson.

It is believed that the Dog can find the best use for his talents in such areas as medicine, advocacy, charity, spiritual or social activities, teaching, and scientific research.

What is auspicious in the year of the Yellow Dog

To compensate for the obvious excess of Earth energy (it is believed that the Dog itself has the power of this element, and in the year of the Yellow Earth Dog - doubly), it is good to decorate the interior, and also wear clothes in colors symbolizing other natural elements: green (Wood); blue and black (Water). Figuratively, this advice can be explained as follows: trees grow and rise above the ground - which means that the green color this year will bring good luck to those who strive for spiritual and material growth. Water, in turn, nourishes the earth, making it fertile - therefore, the vibrations of blue and black colors will help to achieve success where it is most needed.

The Year of the Dog 2018 is a period that is generally favorable for lifestyle changes. It will be easier for us to give up some old habits and make useful new ones, change our place of residence or start ambitious professional projects. At work, the Perfectionist Dog will require us to show serious attention to detail, solid organizational skills, and efficiency in performing administrative tasks. But also do not forget to share your successes, communicate more and, if possible, support the people around you. Of course, you should not be friends with just anyone, but the general principle is this: the more generously you give, the more you get back. If we try and do everything right, we will have a very stable, fruitful year.

The theme of family and relationships will also be very important in the coming year. With those who have not yet met their mate, the sociable Dog will share his phenomenal instinct: it will be easier for us to find "our" person and recognize the "stranger". However, in the coming 12 months, many will also have to go through periods of loneliness: these moments will not last long, and with the right attitude towards them, they can even inspire creativity.

Photographer: Ruben Suarez

Make up: Matilda Beltran

Producer: RL Jewel

Preparation for school, classes for preschoolers is a topic that worries many parents. What should a child know before going to school? How to instill in him the skills needed in the assimilation of school material? We will talk about this in detail in this article.

1. What should a child know and be able to do at 6-7 years old
2. Preparing for school: where to start
3. Tasks for preparing for grade 1
4. Fundamentals of mathematics - our personal experience
5. School Ready Games

Hello dear readers! This article is dedicated to those whose baby will soon become a first grader. Preparation for school, classes for preschoolers is one of the main topics for caring parents. In addition, they have many questions. Will the child study well, will he go to school with pleasure, will he overcome a considerable amount of program material? True, some parents believe that preparing for school is superfluous, “they will teach you everything there.” This is not true. An unprepared child is sure to face certain difficulties in learning. If you want to make the school program easier for your offspring, help him!

In this article I will describe the main parameters, by which you can determine for yourself whether your child is ready to step into school life. I advise you to take a piece of paper with a pen and as you read, note for yourself the points that you should work on. My son and I are engaged in a constant mode, I describe in detail our classes, share my experience with readers. Therefore, in the article you will see links to the classes I have already covered, and if you need to work on this fad, do not be too lazy to go and read a separate article. So, let's begin!

What a child needs to know and be able to

It is believed that a child of 6-7 years of age should have the following knowledge and skills:

• Know your own last name, first name and patronymic. It is also necessary to know the surnames, first names and patronymics of the parents, their place of work, their address and telephone number;
• know the name of the locality where he lives, the correct names of other countries of the world;
• know the names of animals, be able to distinguish wild animals from domestic ones, be able to divide them into categories (a sparrow is a bird, a shark is a fish, a bear is an animal). In addition, you need to know the names of the most common plants, vegetables, fruits and berries;
• know the times of day, seasons, their sequence, as well as the number of months in a year, the number of days in a month and a week. In addition, the baby should know what the days of the week are called;
• you need to have an idea about the main natural phenomena;
• names of the most common colors;
• know the names of several sports;
• answer the names of the most common professions, be able to tell what people related to a particular profession do;
• the baby needs to be able to talk about his favorite activities;
• at the age of 6-7, children need to know the rules of the road and the purpose of road signs;
• basic knowledge is needed for teaching reading, writing and mathematics (the ability to highlight a certain letter in a word, print letters, count up to 10 back and forth, solve easy examples within these numbers, even if using visual objects).

A lot of? Yes, a lot! The task of parents is to help master this knowledge.

How to start preparing children for school

Preparing children for school includes a variety of tasks and exercises. Let's take a look at the main areas.

Development of cognitive, emotional and communicative spheres

It is at preschool age that the formation of the foundations of communication in a team takes place. Be that as it may, a school is, first of all, a team. What do parents need to know?

1. Consider the child's temperament, his habits and desires. Don't rush things. One kid cannot do without friends, the other has a great time in the company of his favorite toys. Allow the child to be himself.
2. Be an example, children, without realizing it, often copy the behavior of adults in relation to other people. Your own example works better than any edification.
3. Listen carefully to your son or daughter, ask questions, show that the story is really interesting.

The development of oral speech of a preschooler

Here are some tips for speech development.

I also advise you to listen to the opinion of a speech therapist:

Learning to read

Contrary to many myths and conjectures, no one will require the ability to read fluently from a first-grader. Another thing is that it is important that the child remembers the names of the letters and their corresponding sounds. To do this, there are many options for a split alphabet, cubes and puzzles with letters. There are also a huge number of computer educational games (below I will advise our favorite), but you should not get too carried away with them.

Useful exercises when teaching a preschooler

These tasks for preparing for school will help with the development of writing, drawing skills, develop the ability to think and draw conclusions.

Logic exercises

Quite serious requirements are imposed on the preschooler in the field of logic. For example, you need:

• So that he can find the extra among several objects;
• write a story based on the given pictures;
• combine several items according to a common feature (this feature must be found independently);
• continue the story.

Logic exercises help a preschooler develop independent thinking, speech, and the ability to communicate with peers if several children are involved. Here is an example of logical exercises for preschoolers from Mercibo. After registering on their website, you can choose games for the right age and start an exciting journey.

I assure you it's interesting! My son is delighted with the program, and I am delighted with the game form, in which sometimes difficult tasks are presented. Do not leave the child alone with tasks, if it is difficult for him, and there is no one nearby who will help - interest will disappear and time will be wasted. Our experience of classes on developing sites.

Development of fine motor skills

Preparing for school, classes for preschoolers are unthinkable without the development of fine motor skills. The formation of fine finger motor skills is all the more important because by the age of 6-7 the formation of the areas of the cerebral cortex, which are responsible for the development of small muscles of the hand, ends.

For the formation of fine motor skills, drawing, making crafts from plasticine, clay, wax, assembling a designer, appliqué from various materials (fabric, matches, colored paper) are very useful. Let not everything and not always work! It is important to support the child in his efforts, to say that everything will certainly work out. The kid becomes more confident in himself, his self-esteem increases.

Closer to 6-7 years old, boys and girls can get involved in modeling according to the instructions. The result becomes important for children, they follow the rules with pleasure. Simple but very visual books by Vera Grof can help them with this.

We prepare the foundation for mathematical knowledge

Mathematics is one of the most difficult school subjects. As a rule, mathematics in preparation for school causes the greatest number of difficulties. I advise you to familiarize yourself with our experience in preparing a preschooler for the first grade. Here are some interesting articles that are sure to be helpful.

Math for preschoolers

Mathematics is not only necessary and difficult, but also a very interesting science! In this article, I showed how to interest a child in solving mathematical problems. It is much more interesting for my son to study, imagining that these are not mathematical examples for addition and subtraction, but delicious pancakes or a magic flower with task petals and an answer in the center.

Five funny fingers

Take a piece of paper and a pencil. Ask the child to trace the fingers on the hand. Now a few tasks:

• Count the fingers on the hand;
• assign a specific number to each.

Looking for quadrilaterals

Draw some geometric shapes and ask your child to find only quadrilaterals. Let the kid count them and color them, for example, in green.

remember the number

Prepare cards with different numbers. Take two cards and ask the child to memorize their names. Then mix them with the rest of the numbers, ask them to choose exactly those that they remember.

Make up the numbers

This game is for a child who knows how to write this or that number. Prepare cards with numbers from 1 to 10. Cut the cards in half and ask the child to arrange the halves so that the images of the numbers are again obtained.

Here's our Valentine's Day heart math video:

Possible difficulties and errors

Consider the most common mistakes parents make, find out how to avoid mistakes when preparing for school.

1. Complete inactivity. As already mentioned, some parents mistakenly believe that the child will learn everything on his own, "there is nothing for him to dry his brains." Of course, he will learn, but it will be much more difficult for him than for trained peers. Yes, and the self-esteem of the baby suffers.
2. An equally serious mistake is to shift all responsibility to a kindergarten or a child development center. No one says that teaching a preschooler is a simple matter, but it is available to all parents who are interested in a good result.
3. "Better late than never". In this case, the proverb does not work. Trying to make a child a genius a few months before the significant September 1st, feverishly performing various tasks, is at least unreasonable. It is necessary that preparation for school, classes for preschoolers be regular and a few years before the first school bell.
4. The most common misconception is to try at all costs to teach a child the skills of reading, counting and writing. Of course, these are wonderful skills, but they do not at all guarantee that the baby will successfully learn school material. Much more valuable skills are the ability to reflect, compare objects, trace connections between phenomena, and draw conclusions.

Sometimes it happens that the baby cannot understand the material in any way or does not learn it well enough. Nothing wrong with that. It's just that the future student has not formed the prerequisites for this material. It is important, when teaching a child, not to discourage him from studying, not to harm the future educational process. Do not make preparation for school, classes for preschoolers become a routine. How to do it? Very simple. First, exercise regularly. Secondly, choose such games and exercises that are not only useful, but also like the child.

That’s all for today, dear readers, if the information seems useful to you, share it on social networks. networks with friends, observing . And I will try to please you with no less interesting articles. In order not to miss the weekly newsletter, please subscribe at the top of the page.

When a child is prepared for learning, he takes the initiative in learning and extracurricular activities, he will not have difficulties in the process of studying and communicating with classmates. This article will help to prepare a child for school at home, to determine the level of his knowledge and motivational readiness.

Parents of future first graders are concerned about the question, is their child ready for school? After all, it is very important not only to send the baby to the first grade, but to do it on time - when the child is mentally ready to attend an educational institution and is sufficiently developed for this.

An error in determining the readiness of a child can be costly: unwillingness to attend an educational institution, refusal to learn lessons, depression, uncontrollable behavior - all this will be demonstrated by a first grader who finds himself at school “at the wrong time”. In order to avoid trouble and prevent psychological trauma in a child, parents should be very careful about matching the level of his knowledge and skills to modern requirements.

Requirements for preparing a child for school: a list

By now, a whole list of what a future first grader should know and be able to do is formed:

• Confidently state your last name, first name and patronymic
• Date of your birth
• Home address
• Name of mother and father (grandparents and other relatives - optional)
• Place of work of parents
• Famous poets and writers in the country
• Holidays
• Distinguish between the concepts: "forward - backward", "right - left"
• Days of the week
• Colors and shades
• Seasons (with months)
• Traffic rules on the road
• Distinguish between domestic and wild animals, name their cubs
• Name garden, forest, wild flowers
• Name migratory and wintering birds
• Distinguish fruit from vegetables
• Know professions
• Name the types of transport and the way it travels
• Retell what you heard
• Anwser the questions
• Make up a story from a picture
• invent fairy tales
• recite poems by heart
• Describe from memory
• Copy text and picture
• Finish sentences
• Find an extra object, picture, word, letter
• solve riddles
• Count from 0 to 10 and back
• Know the composition of numbers
• Distinguish between "more" and "less"
• Know the shapes
• write in cells
• Know letters, distinguish them from sounds
• Identify the first and last letter (sound) in a word
• Choose words starting with the given letter
• Read simple words and syllables
• Know when a sentence ends
• Outline
• hold a pen

Despite the fact that a child should learn many of the listed skills in elementary school, testing before entering the first grade is carried out precisely on these points.

Cognitive interest, quick reaction, non-standard and logical thinking will be formed by a preschooler if you regularly conduct mathematical classes with him in a playful way.

In order for these lessons to bring benefit and joy to the child, parents should take into account:

• child's age
• level of training
• ability to concentrate
• interest in classes

Math classes These are not monotonous examples and tasks. To interest the child and diversify the lessons of mathematics, the following types of tasks should be used in working with preschoolers:

• tasks with geometric shapes
• mathematical riddles
• tasks are jokes
• puzzles

IMPORTANT: Any task should be selected individually, taking into account its degree of complexity and the level of development of the child.

Math Games

"Houses". Draw 3 three-story houses, each on a separate sheet. Draw 3 windows on each floor. Randomly draw curtains on some windows. Tell your child that people already live in apartments where there are curtains. Ask him to move people to the remaining floors so that there are equal numbers of tenants on each floor. Let him finish the colorful curtains in the windows of those apartments where he settled people. Then ask them to count which house has more tenants.

"Drawings from geometric shapes". Draw any geometric shape on the sheet. Ask the child to come up with a drawing using the proposed figure in it. If the kid did not understand the task, show, for example, how easily a circle can turn into a sun, a snowman or a car wheel.

Connect the numbers. Ask your child to connect the numbers with lines. Explain that if he does this correctly, he will see the drawing. For younger children, use pictures up to 10; for older children, use more complex pictures up to 30 or 50.

IMPORTANT: Group activities increase the child's interest in what is happening. The sense of competition, strongly developed in preschool age in most children, will not allow the child to be distracted.

Match the numbers game

Entertaining math questions and puzzles:

• How many legs do three cats have and how many legs do two birds have?
• How many ears are in two mice?
• Natasha's mother has a daughter, Masha, a cat, Fluff, and a dog, Druzhok. How many daughters does the mother have?
• What is heavier: 1 kg of stones or 1 kg of down?

The bunny has five bunnies

They sit on the grass with their mother.

Another hare has three

They are all white, look!

What is three and five?

Pears fell to the ground from the branches

Pears cried, tears dropped

Katya collected them in a basket

I gave everything to my friends in the kindergarten:

Two Pavlushka, three Seryozhka,

Marinka and Arinka,

Masha, Nadia and Oksana

And one, of course, for my mother.

Count it fast

How many Katya's friends?

Five geese flew in the sky

The two decide to have lunch

And one is to take a break.

How many have gone on the road?

Brought mother hen

Seven chickens in the garden for a walk.

All chickens are like flowers.

Five sons, how many daughters?

Four blue plums

They hung on a tree.

Children ate two plums

And how many didn't make it?

IMPORTANT: Encourage the child's interest in such tasks, praise if he tries to come up with similar tasks on his own.

Preparing for school: developing reading tasks for children

Reading is one of the most important disciplines. The better a child learns to read, the easier it will be for him to study at school. The purpose of training- to explain to the child the principles and rules of reading, to achieve from the preschooler a confident reading of letters, syllables and short words.

IMPORTANT: Due to the fact that information is perceived by young children in a slightly different way than adults, it is necessary to teach reading only in a playful way.

Child Reading Plan simple enough:

• Memorize the letters with your child in this order: all vowels, hard voiced consonants, deaf and hissing consonants.
• Achieve fast and error-free identification of letters.
• Teach your child to read sounds, that is, to pronounce the letters already familiar to him together. Start with easy-to-read and pronounce syllables (na, ma, la, yes) and gradually move on to more complex ones (zhu, ku, gu, pho).
• Move on to reading short and simple syllable words (ma-ma, ba-ba, o-la, cat, house).
• Every day, complicate the task a little, enter a few difficult words.
• When the child learns to read words, move on to reading short sentences.
• After the child learns to read in sentences, you can use various developmental tasks in teaching.

IMPORTANT: During classes, make sure the pronunciation of sounds is clear, explain where in the sentence you need to pause between words.

Game "Find the word". Invite the child to look for a certain word in a small unfamiliar text. Moreover, this must be done in a certain time (for example, in one minute).

"Loud, quiet, to yourself". Ask your child to read quieter, louder, or silently. According to your instructions, he should switch from one type of reading to another as quickly as possible. Make sure that the pace of reading does not change.

"Syllables on cards". Write the syllables on the cards so that you can make words out of them. Ask your child to help the lost syllables find their friends and form words. Play the game daily, gradually adding new syllables.

"Vowels consonants". Have the child name or write as many consonants as possible in 30 seconds, and then vowels.

"Answers on questions". Prepare a few simple questions about the text. Invite the child to find answers to these questions while reading the text.

"Reading with interference". Teach your child to read regardless of the environment. Turn on music or TV briefly while reading. Make sure that the child continues to read without paying attention to the change in the sound background.

Letter size. Reading texts with different fonts should not be a problem for a child. To do this, daily invite him to print and read letters of different sizes on his own.

"Words are twists". Show your child words that change their meaning when read the other way around: “cat - current”, “cart - call”, etc. Explain that you should always read from left to right.

"Reading Through Teeth". Complicate the usual daily reading with an unusual fun task: the child must read without opening his teeth. After reading the text, you need to retell it.

"Missed a Letter". Write 5 - 10 words he knows, in each of which skip one letter. Ask the future first grader to fill in the missing letters in the words.

"Similar Words" Write several pairs of words similar in spelling, but different in meaning: “cat - whale”, “hand - river”, “house - smoke”. Have your child read the pairs and explain the meaning of each word.

"Reading in a Minute". Invite your child to read the same text “at speed” every day. Pay attention that every day he reads faster and more clearly, and in the allotted minute he moves further and further. For clarity, it is better to use an hourglass.

Sometimes children have difficulty completing developmental reading tasks. This happens for the following reasons:

• Uncertainty. To make sure that the syllable or word is read correctly, the child rereads it several times in a row.
• Scattered attention. Preschoolers quickly lose interest in what they consider to be boring activities.
• Lack of concentration. The child cannot perceive the whole word, but concentrates attention only on the first few letters or syllables.
• Small vocabulary. Unfamiliar words the child pronounces uncertainly when reading.
• Bad memory. The child does not remember letters, sounds, forgets the principle of formation of syllables and words.
• Violations of the speech apparatus, chronic diseases of the ENT organs (otitis media, enlarged tonsils).

Video: How to teach a child to read?

Preparing for school, developing tasks for children in writing

The greatest difficulties for all first-graders without exception arise when performing graphic tasks. This happens for three reasons:

• lack of interest in the child
• hand muscle immaturity
• inexperience

To facilitate the process of mastering writing at school, parents should begin to engage with the child from an early age. Game developing tasks will help to interest a preschooler.

"Labyrinth". Invite your child to find a way out of the maze for a mouse running away from a cat, or for a hare that has lagged behind its mother. With a pen or pencil, you need to show the animal the right path.

"Draw a picture." Draw a bouquet of flowers and invite the child to draw a vase for the bouquet, let him put fish in an empty aquarium, and draw a door in the house. The more similar tasks the child completes, the more confidently he will hold a pencil in his hands.

"Drawing by dots". Ask the child to connect the dots together in such a way that a drawing is obtained. If your child has difficulty completing this task, tell him.

"Hatching". Ask your child to do any exercises where you need to shade the drawing. These tasks are required for practicing graphic movements. During execution, make sure that the lines are directed from top to bottom, from left to right.

IMPORTANT: The development of fine motor skills in children is facilitated by modeling, games with mosaics, constructor, beads, finger gymnastics.

When the child learns to confidently hold a pencil in his hands, invite him to trace along the dotted line. You can immediately circle funny children's pictures, then letters or their elements.

Preparing for school: developing tasks for the speech development of children

You can easily and naturally develop speech in a child with the help of fun tasks and exciting games.

"Impromptu". Prepare 5 - 7 cards with situations or actions familiar to the child depicted on them. Lay the cards face down in front of the child. Invite him to choose any card and ask him to come up with a story based on it. To make the child interested, you can involve other family members in the task and arrange a competition for the best story.

"Associations". Show the child a picture that shows some action familiar to him (birds fly south, a woman buys bread, children go to kindergarten, etc.). Ask the child to name the words that he associates with the image in the picture.

Adjective game. Ask the child to form adjectives from the provided words by answering the questions: “what”, “what”, “what”?

• Light (light, light, light)
• home (home, home, home)
• Wood (wood, wood, wood)
• Iron (iron, iron, iron)
• Snow (snowy, snowy, snowy)
• Sand (sandy, sandy, sandy)

Synonyms and antonyms. Ask the child to choose words similar and opposite in meaning to randomly taken adjectives.

Regular speech therapy exercises will help to achieve purity of pronunciation of sounds:

"Angry cat". The child's mouth is open, the tongue rests on the lower teeth, while arching the way a cat arches its back when angry.

"Pencil". Place the pencil in front of the child, at the level of his lips, on any hard flat surface. Ask the child to place the edge of the tongue on the lower lip and in this position blow hard on the pencil. The exercise is considered completed if the pencil rolls.

"Nut". The child rests the tongue on the right cheek, then on the left. At the same time, the mouth is closed, the muscles of the cheeks and tongue are tense.

"Snake". The mouth is open. The child puts forward and hides the tongue so that it does not touch either the lips or the teeth.

"Watch". The lips of the child are parted, smiling. The tip of the tongue touches either the right or the left corners of the lips.

"Toothbrush". Use the tip of your tongue to imitate the actions of a toothbrush. Thus, it is necessary to “clean” the lower and upper teeth, inside and out. It is important that the lower jaw remains motionless.

"Fence". The child shows a “fence” of teeth for 10-15 seconds, smiling as wide as possible for this.

IMPORTANT: If you cannot correct the pronunciation of some sounds on your own, parents should contact a speech therapist.

Home preparation of children for school: educational games

Home preparation for school involves systematic activities of parents with the child. It is important to give a preschooler at least a few hours a day, turning everyday activities and ordinary walks together into exciting games. Parents should show imagination, find an individual approach to their child, act according to his interests.

Here are just a few options for joint educational games with a preschooler:

"Give me a number." During the walk, ask the child to call the numbers of houses and passing vehicles indicated on the plates.

"How many trees?" Together, count all the trees that come across your path while walking. You can also count cars passing by, all or a certain color (size, brand).

"Who switched places?" Place 8 - 10 soft toys in front of the child, ask him to look at them carefully, and then turn away. Swap a few toys during this time. When the child turns around, let him try to guess who has changed places.

"Favorite cartoon" Watch your favorite cartoon with your child. Ask questions about its content, ask the child to tell what it is about.

"A Tale for Grandma". Read the story to your child. Ask to tell your grandmother (dad, aunt, sister) what this fairy tale is about, describe the characters, their appearance and character.

Regular modeling, drawing, playing puzzles and mosaics will captivate the child and, at the same time, contribute to the development of fine motor skills of the fingers.

IMPORTANT: Do not rush the child, do not get angry if something does not work out for him right away. Educational games should not only educate the child, but also become entertainment for him.

Home preparation of children for school: developmental exercises

Developing exercises with preschoolers can be performed not only in a notebook, sitting at a desk, but also on the street. Outdoor lessons will please and be remembered for a long time by every child.

"Seasons".

• Take a walk with your child autumn alley. Show the future student the colorful leaves of different trees. Tell us about the seasons and the changes in nature that occur with the onset of autumn, winter, spring and summer. Let the child choose some beautiful leaves and keep them at home, between the pages of a thick book. When the leaves are dry, have your child trace them on a piece of paper and color them in.
• AT snowy winter days go out together to feed the sparrows and titmouse. Tell your child about wintering and migratory birds. At home, ask to draw those birds that you liked the most.
• spring Show your child the first blooming flowers. Tell that flowers are field, forest, garden. Ask to perform a sound analysis of the words: “rose”, “snowdrop”, “buttercup”, “forget-me-not”.
• During summer walks Draw your child's attention to rising temperatures outside. Explain what summer and winter clothes are. Let the child name the clothes to wear in summer, autumn, winter and spring. At home, ask your child to draw summer.

"Application of cereals and pasta". Invite your child to make an application using rice, buckwheat, pasta, semolina, peas and other cereals. Such exercises are good for developing fine motor skills. In the work, use PVA glue.

"Snowflakes". Teach your child how to cut snowflakes. On a piece of paper folded 4 and 8 times, ask him to cut out different geometric shapes. Expand the snowflakes and evaluate the result.

Fruits and vegetables from plasticine. Show your child how to easily mold fruits and vegetables from multi-colored plasticine. Immediately the child must roll the ball, and already turn it into the desired fruit or vegetable. The easiest way to make a bunch of grapes, beets or carrots is a little more difficult.

Developing lesson "Seasons"

Psychological and emotional preparation of children for school: tasks, games, exercises

The onset of school life implies that the preschool period is over. Children have to quickly adapt to new conditions, get used to the workload, get to know teachers and classmates.

To make the adaptation period as easy as possible, parents and teachers try to prepare the child for the upcoming changes in life. The most successful group games and exercises.

"One color". Two groups of children need to find the largest number of objects of the same color in 10 seconds. The group that finds the most items wins.

"Magic Circle". Children are offered to trace a circle according to the pattern and draw any geometric shapes in such a way that a drawing is obtained. When everyone copes with the task, the teacher organizes a drawing competition.

"Repeats". In a group of children from 5 to 7 people, a leader is chosen. The leader comes forward and shows the children any position. Children try to copy this pose. The new leader becomes the one who managed to cope with the task better than the others.

"Well no". Instead of answering "yes" or "no" to the questions proposed by the teacher, a group of children clap or stomp. You need to agree in advance with the guys that “yes” means clapping, and “no” means stamping your feet. Questions can be chosen arbitrarily, for example:

• "Flowers grow in the field?" and "Flowers fly in the sky?"
• "Hedgehog carries an apple?" and “Does a hedgehog climb trees?”

"Meow, woof." Children sit on chairs. The leader with his eyes closed walks next to the children, then sits on the hands of one of the sitting children and tries to guess who it is. If the presenter guessed correctly, the child says "meow", if he made a mistake - "woof".

IMPORTANT: Such activities and games help to form communication skills in preschoolers, develop confidence in their own abilities and capabilities, adequate self-esteem, and independence.

You can independently determine whether a child is ready to enter school with the help of a few simple tests, the results of which can be trusted.

Test "Draw a school"

Give your child a sketchbook and colored pencils. Ask a future first grader to draw his school. Do not prompt the child, do not help, do not ask leading questions, do not rush. Let him independently draw on paper the school that seems to him.

• plot
• drawing lines
• color spectrum

Plot:

2 points- the school is located in the center of the sheet, the picture also contains decorations and decor, trees, bushes, flowers around the school, students and (or) teachers going to school. At the same time, it is important that the figure depicts the warm season and daylight hours.

0 points- the drawing is asymmetrical (the school building is located close to one of the edges of the sheet), there are no people in the drawing or sad children leaving the school are depicted; outdoors autumn or winter, night or evening.

1 point

Drawing lines:

2 points– lines of objects without breaks, carefully drawn, even and confident, have different thicknesses.

0 points- the lines are fuzzy, weak or careless, the drawing is sketchy; double or broken lines are used.

1 point- the figure contains elements of both characteristics.

Color spectrum:

2 points- the predominance of bright and light colors.

0 points- drawing in gloomy colors.

1 point There are both dark and light colors in the picture.

The sum of the points indicates the readiness of the child for school:

5 to 6- the child is ready for school, he has a favorable attitude towards the learning process, will interact with teachers and classmates.

0 to 1- the child is not ready for school, a strong fear will prevent him from studying normally, communicating with classmates and the teacher.

It will help to determine whether the child is focused on attending school, the educational process, whether he imagines himself a schoolboy in the near future. Nezhenova test.

IMPORTANT: This test should only be administered to children who are already attending preparatory courses at school or who are familiar with the learning process.

For each of the questions presented, there are three possible answers: A, B, C.

BUT- orientation to study, estimated at 2 points

B- orientation to learning is superficial, not completely formed, attracted by the external bright attributes of school life - 1 point

AT- there is no orientation to school and learning, the child prefers extracurricular activities - 0 points

Ask your child the following questions, asking them to choose an answer from three options:

Do you want to go to school?

Ah yes, very

B - I'm not sure, I don't know, I doubt

B - no, I don't want to

Why do you want to go to school, what are you interested in there?

B - I want them to buy me a beautiful briefcase, notebooks and a uniform, I want new textbooks

B - school is fun, there are changes, I will have new friends, I'm tired of kindergarten

How are you getting ready for school?

A - I learn letters, read, write prescriptions, solve examples and problems

B - parents bought a uniform, briefcase or other school attributes

B - I draw, play, sculpt from plasticine

What do you like about school?

A - lessons, classes in the classroom

B - changes, teacher, new desks, type of school and other things that are not directly related to the process of learning and gaining knowledge

B - a lesson in physical education and (or) drawing

If you didn't go to school or kindergarten, what would you do at home?

A - read, wrote letters and numbers, solved problems

B - played constructor and drew

B - took care of a cat (or other pet), walked, helped mom

0 – 4 - the child does not realize that he will go to school, does not show interest in the upcoming education

5 – 8 - there is a superficial interest in the learning process, is the initial stage in the formation of the student's position

9 – 10 - the attitude towards school is positive, the child feels like a schoolboy.

Diagnostics of the general preparation of children for school: tests

Diagnostics of the general preparation of children for school is carried out by a psychologist using special tests. Here is some of them:

Test "Yes - No". The psychologist asks the child to answer questions in any way, the main thing is that he does not use the words “Yes” and “No”. The child tries to find the right words, is focused on not breaking the rules, so his answers will be as truthful as possible.

1. Do you want to go to school?
2. Do you love fairy tales?
3. Do you love cartoons?
4. Do you want to stay in the kindergarten?
5. Do you like to play?
6. Do you want to study?
7. Do you love to get sick?
8. You have friends?
9. Do you know what time of year it is?

When evaluating the results, the teacher determines whether the answer satisfies the rules of the task. Answers: “yes” or “no” are not a mistake. One mistake = 1 b. All answers are correct - 0 b.

0 – 2 - attention is well developed

3 -5 - moderately or poorly developed

5 – 10 - poor attention

Definition of motivational readiness. The psychologist asks a series of questions, gives the child time to think and reason, helps, in case of difficulties:

1. State your name and age
2. Name, patronymic and surname of mom and dad
3. Where do you live?
4. Name your family members
5. What are you interested in in your city?
6. What to do if you see a person who has fallen?
7. When do buds and leaves appear on trees?
8. Why is an army needed?
9. How and where do you cross the road? This is right?
10. How do you know if it has rained recently?
11. Why do you need ears and a nose?
12. Do you want to go to school? What will you do there?
13. How many days in a week?
14. How many seasons? Months? name them
15. Your favorite and least favorite professions
16. What do you like to watch on TV?
17. What country do you live in? What other countries do you know?
18. If you broke your knee and bled, what should you do?
19. What utensils do you have in the kitchen?
20. What products do you know?
21. Which animals are domestic and which are wild? What is the difference?
22. What is a day? Night?
23. If you borrowed a toy from a friend and lost it, what would you do?
24. Count from 1 to 10 and back, name the number that comes before 5 and after 8
25. What is greater than 2 or 3?
26. What's cool about school?
27. How do you behave when visiting?
28. Why are children not allowed to play with matches and fire?
29. What does it mean: “Do you like to ride, love to carry sleds”?
30. How are people different from animals?
31. What do they pay money for in the store, on the bus, at the cinema?
32. Who is Gagarin?
33. What will you do if you see the house burning?

When evaluating the results, the child's ability to reason, conduct a conversation is assessed.

"Snake". Test to determine the level of development of fine motor skills. In 30 seconds, the child must draw dots in circles. The more he manages to leave points, the better. One point = 1 point. When calculating points, only those points that fall into the circle are taken into account. Points on the boundary are not counted.

34 or more- excellent development

18 – 33 - above average

12 – 17 - insufficient development

11 and under- low level, unsatisfactory result.

If the psychologist after the tests comes to the conclusion that the child needs to stay in the kindergarten for another year, parents should listen to the opinion of a specialist. Perhaps this year will change a lot in the life of the child, during this time he is aware of his role in school, will show interest in gaining knowledge.

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