Regardless of the age of a person, it is very important that his speech, imagination, fantasy and creativity are well developed. After all, these abilities help people in life. For some, they are an integral part of the profession. There are several effective techniques developed by experts. These methods enable adults and children to improve by developing their imagination.

We develop speech

Naturally, in any person, speech begins to develop from an early age, when kids get to know the environment. However, you can still help them. The main thing is to do it correctly so as not to harm the child.

In total, there are three generally accepted ways of developing speech: visual, practical and verbal. In preschool organizations, the visual method is most often used, which consists in the fact that the teacher himself tells the children about the world around them.

So, there is a direct version of this method, which involves visiting excursions or simply pointing to one or another object with pronunciation of its name. Another option is indirect, which develops speech by describing certain images or toys. Thus, coherent speech skills are improved, and vocabulary in children is also fixed.

Ways to develop speech

The verbal way of developing speech is more common in schools. It involves oral retelling of any stories or memorization of texts. Speaking the text, a person improves not only memory, but also diction, which helps to improve speech skills. Also, the verbal method can be attributed to the description of various toys or paintings without visual contact with the described object. That is, a person should tell as colorfully as possible about a picture or toy he saw earlier.

The practical way is in intellectual games, in which there is an element of speech development. For example, it can be all kinds of quizzes, dramatizations or

tricks

In addition, there are several, for example, verbal, which, in turn, have subspecies:

• Speech samples. When the teacher himself builds a speech that is accessible in form and content. For older children, a correction method is used when the teacher begins to correct the phrase spoken by the child.
• Repetition. In this case, words or phrases are deliberately repeated several times for the purpose of memorization. The main thing is to choose a form of assimilation that is convenient for the child. For example, choral or joint pronunciation.
• Explanation. This method is used in cases of explaining to the child the concept of one or another object. Also, the explanation implies the disclosure of the need and properties.

There are also visual techniques that teach the correct pronunciation and articulation. And games, attracting children to the educational game.

How to develop imagination?

Developing a child's imagination is very important. But it is also necessary to form or consolidate these abilities in adulthood. From early childhood, a person must accumulate a visual representation of objects. When developing this ability, it is important to consider as many illustrations and objects as possible, focusing on the smallest details. Having carefully memorized the element, it is necessary to mentally represent it, remembering all the nuances from memory.

Also, the development of the imagination requires effort. For example, a person engaged in creativity often cannot finish his work, because he simply sits and waits for the imagination to work in the right direction. Thus, it will not be possible to achieve the desired result.

Experts in this field recommend putting your imagination to work with effort. For example, a person who paints landscapes is advised to visit picturesque places more often, and people involved in music should draw their imagination from other compositions.

Only the ability of mental concentration can provoke the development of the imagination, which later begins to act in the right direction.

So, there are two main directions of development of the imagination:

• recreating, when a person restores in memory the previously seen images of the heroes of books, stories and other literature;
• creative, when a person independently invents the appearance of the heroes of stories, novels and other things.

How to develop fantasy?

The development of fantasy often comes with the development of the imagination. Therefore, these two abilities are very often improved at the same time.

How to develop fantasy and imagination? To do this, it is recommended to read to the child from early childhood literature that helps to improve these abilities. For example, at a very early age, it will be useful for children to listen to short stories, and in older adults - novels and science fiction literature.

The main thing when teaching a child is to explain to him that this ability is essential. After all, it is from her that the possibility of imagination arises.

Cooperative learning

How to develop creative imagination? Another good method is co-creation. For example, parents should provoke the child to form a mental image of an unrealistic situation. So, experts advise adults, for example, to find out from their baby what he would do if he had wings, what magical country the child wanted to go to, how he imagines the castle of knights or princesses. The development of fantasy consists in captivating the child with one or another thought and its further development.

You can ask the child to come up with a short story. Or let it be a whole fairy tale about the situation seen on the street. For example, ask your child to tell you where the cat you met on the way ran, what she did or will do, whether she has kittens, and so on. Here are some tips on how to develop your imagination. Such exercises will be effective if you do them regularly.

How to develop creativity?

Every person is endowed with some set of creative abilities at birth. In some people, they are naturally developed more, in others - less. In the second case, when they are poorly formed, you can try to work them out using several methods. However, parents should understand that it is recommended to do this even at preschool age. After all, it is during this period that children are most liberated.

So, we develop fantasy, creativity. What do we have to do? First of all, such abilities are well developed during games. Even the usual construction of a tower can contribute to this. After all, children learn to improve, which means they will begin to modify the constructed structure, adding or, conversely, removing some details.

You can also develop creative abilities with the help of modeling, drawing, singing and other activities of this kind. In addition, visiting a music school is very useful. Therefore, experts recommend sending children to such institutions from early childhood.

Conclusion

Now it’s clear how to develop fantasy, creativity, as well as speech. So, cultivating in yourself or your own is quite simple. Moreover, almost all of them are interconnected, and one complements the other. The main thing is not to scold the child for the fact that he does not succeed in some task the first time, but, on the contrary, to praise him, motivating the desire for independent development.

7 exercises for " Development of the imagination"from the book of Boreev G. "Conscious exits from the body. Nine practical methods. (Techniques for achieving physical immortality)".

Imagination development - First exercise

Choose an object at eye level at a distance of 1 - 3 meters. The subject to begin with should be very simple: a book, a pen, a matchbox. Close your eyes, imagine a white, empty luminous space. Keep a clear image of it in your mind's eye for 3 to 5 minutes. Then open your eyes and contemplate the object for 3-5 minutes. At the same time, do not think about it, but simply look through it, as if you are looking into the distance, trying to capture the subject as a whole. Close your eyes and imagine this object in your imagination, placing it in a white luminous space for 3 to 5 minutes. The exercise should be done 5-8 times, trying to perform it calmly, without straining, without effort of will.

Development of imagination - Second exercise

Lying in bed, before going to sleep, close your eyes and imagine a black letter "A" on a white background. Keep the image of the letter in your mind for a few minutes. The letter can change in shape, float away, decrease - calmly return it to its original place in its original form. The next day, imagine the letter "B" in the same way. Hold the letter in your imagination until the image is clearly fixed. At the next stage of this exercise, hold the combinations of the letters "AB", then "VG" and so on. Then hold in your imagination already three letters. Some people immediately manage to keep 5 or more letters on the mental screen. Work further, bring the number of letters held in the imagination to ten. Exercise helps to develop concentration, expand the scope of perception, improve memory.

Development of imagination - Third exercise

Imagine a small red square, fix it in your mind. Now imagine that the square increases in size, diverges with faces to infinity. Now you have a red space in front of you, contemplate it. The next day, do the same experiment with the orange space. Then with yellow, green, blue, blue and purple. Having learned this, move on to more complex things. Imagine first a red color, smoothly turning into orange, orange turning into yellow, and so on until purple. Then from purple you need to go back. Then imagine red-skinned people walking through a green forest. The skin of people gradually becomes orange, yellow - and so on to purple. Then it gradually turns red again.

Development of imagination - Fourth exercise

Imagine an apple. Start rotating it in space clockwise. Imagine how it flies out of your head and flies around the room. Place the apple in front of your nose, look at it. Carefully try to mentally enter it, feel yourself in its size, shape. Then fly in an apple from the body one meter up and look at the world from this point. You should see your body below, the walls of the room, the furniture, the close ceiling. This exercise should be done while sitting in an armchair or lying on a bed, since an involuntary exit to the astral world is possible. It is extremely important during the exercise not to lose control over yourself. If you feel something is wrong, immediately open your eyes.

Development of imagination - Fifth exercise

Look closely at any item. Close your eyes, try to see the same object in the same place. Open your eyes, compare the imaginary object with the real one. Close your eyes again. Open. Strive for the maximum identity of the physical and the imaginary. As you move forward in your studies, the subjects under consideration should become more and more difficult. Then start looking at animals and people like that. After fully mastering this exercise, you will be able to look at a person with your eyes closed and see the aura and internal organs of his body.

Development of imagination - Sixth exercise

Learn to create some mental image in space with open eyes. For example, imagine that you have a vase with different flowers on your table. Try to see her there.

Imagination development - Seventh exercise

Take mental journeys. Imagine how you walked around the room, hall, kitchen, went out into the corridor, returned. Imagine how you left the house, walk down the street, get on the bus, go to the forest, to the river, swim, and so on.

Development of the imagination- a consciously chosen process during which a person pursues the goal of improving his imagination, namely, to make it brighter, deeper and more special.

What is imagination? Imagination is the ability to unexpectedly or deliberately appear in the mind and thoughts of any images, ideas, and so on.

What arises in thoughts, in the course of representation, may differ from reality. Imagination- the world is separate from reality, thoughts, ideas and objects that do not exist in nature can appear in the imagination. It is the imagination that helps in the mind to solve problems that require a visual visual representation.

For example, how to insert a battery into a clock, a mouse, a calculator, how a pot lid closes, how a nut is screwed onto a bolt. These are all too simple and obvious examples. And how about playing checkers or chess in your mind, assembling a clockwork from gears or a house from a designer. There are many more examples of the use of imagination.

Imagination is divided into four types, each of which differs significantly from the others:

1. active imagination- a person draws on his own, builds images in his head.
2. passive imagination- these are images that arise unexpectedly, regardless of the desire of a person.
3. Productive imagination is the imagination in which reality is transformed creatively.
4. reproductive imagination is imagination, restoring reality as it is. Here there is a place for fantasy, but memory and perception work more.

Development of creative imagination

Creative imagination is a type of imagination that is responsible for creating new thoughts, ideas, plots, objects that will have value. This is how creative products are created.

Creative imagination is the basis of professions related to art. For example:

Writers. Where here without creative imagination. Do you want to write beautiful, big, interesting books with a great plot? Or maybe you need to support it? Then you should be engaged in the development of creative imagination.

Painters. If you do not paint pictures from nature, people, still lifes, but create them yourself, from your head, then you will also need the development of creative imagination. Then you will have a lot of ideas, a lot of different options for writing a certain moment of the picture.

Musicians. They, like no one else, need creativity in their work, because composing good music is not just like that, it is a decent load on the imagination, and not just imagination, but creative.

Development of imagination in children

By about 5 years old, children have a good amount of experience, which provides an opportunity for the development of creativity and imagination. Children don't need tips from older people, because now the child is able to invent games, invent heroes and even imaginary friends. Parents should not panic about the latter, because this is a common thing in young children. After a while, everything will disappear, leaving no trace.

The main thing is to pay more attention to the child, it is vital for him. He learns, develops, absorbs everything like a sponge.

And if it suddenly turned out that your child went too far into such a “reality”, then you need to deal with him more, talk, communicate. As a last resort, involve a specialist in this case, who will help to cope with the problem and bring the child out of a non-existent reality.

The development of imagination in young children occurs in the process of games. The child creates inside the logic of the actions of the characters. So remember DO NOT interrupt the child let him finish his game or help him come to an end, do not break the logic of the imagination.

If a child runs up with a stick and asks to look at his "horse", then there is no need to explain to him that this is just a stick. The child is not a fool and understands this himself, it's just that his imagination is actively working and developing. You need to support him by saying something like: “Yes, you have a great horse! Look how beautiful and curly her mane is!”

This approach will only speed up the development of the child's imagination. You don't have to do anything special, you just need to set the direction by saying something abstract, for example: "What a beautiful mane!". And ask the child to describe the horse's mane.

Development of the child's creative imagination

Childhood is the age of acquaintance with literature, books, films, music. It is important that the child read bright and colorful books, with an interesting plot and interesting characters. I watched kind and smart films and cartoons. Thanks to books, the child will be able to move into the world of fantasy, imagination, find himself in a fairy-tale world. Books are a great tool for developing a child's creative imagination. What the film shows, the child, like any other person, creates in his imagination himself.

You can exercise with your child to develop creative imagination. Give your child heroes he knows about.

Ask him to answer the following questions:

1. What is the essence of each of the characters?
2. what are their character traits?
3. what are the strengths?
4. what good are they doing?
5. What is missing in the character and in general each of the heroes?

And ask him to come up with a story with these characters. If it will be difficult - push, start the story for your child.

Exercises to develop the imagination of a child

Exercise 1. Invite the child to trace their palms on paper with paint or a pencil. This will be the basis of their subsequent drawing. Let the child fantasize and draw something. For example, a tree (forest) or a butterfly or flowers, an animal ...

Exercise 2. Give the child a choice of 3 colors that, in his opinion, are the most suitable for each other. And let him sketch the whole sheet. What does this drawing look like?

Exercise 3 Ask the child to drip paint on the middle of the sheet. Then have them fold the paper in half. After unfolding, various blots will remain on the sheet. Let the child connect his imagination and say what each of them looks like, what it reminds of.

Exercise 4 Give the child sheets with unfinished images and offer to finish them.

The child's imagination will play a big role, perhaps instead of the intended answer, he will depict something unusual and suitable for the initial unfinished drawing.

It will be the result of his perfectly working imagination. It happens that a child needs help, so don't be upset if it doesn't work right away. This is normal and means that you need to work out with the child so that he trains, because he will have a ton of complex and interesting tasks ahead of him (mathematics, physics, geometry, life situations, and so on.), which will require the use of imagination!

Development of imagination in preschool children

The development of preschool children is divided into three stages.

1 stage- a huge amount of fiction and fantasies. Since during this period the foundation is laid for the correct and complete development of the ability of imagination and representation. The stage lasts up to three years.

2 stage– joint work of fantasies with practice. The child only learns to build a chain of actions, logic, in order to achieve a result during any task. The stage lasts up to five years.

3 stage- the child's activity includes the ability of imagination, fantasizing and creativity. Fantasies become more active and practically applicable.

Exercises to develop the imagination of a preschooler

Exercise 1. Have your child close their eyes and play classical music. Ask what the child imagined while listening to this music. In addition to classical music, you can use modern music, the more variety, the better.

Exercise 2. This exercise is done with several children. Put on some music with or without lyrics. Ask the child to dance to the music of something or someone. And the rest of the children, watching the dance, must guess what the first child is trying to convey. From such an exercise, the imagination develops in all children.

Exercise 3 This exercise is great for developing creative thinking:

The host of the game (adult) tells the guys: “going outside is good, because you can take a walk,” and the goal of the guys is to continue the chain, for example: “going outside is good, because it is useful to take a walk. Walking is good - because it is useful. It is useful to walk - because the weather is beautiful outside. Beautiful weather is good because the sun is shining. The sun is shining - it's good because it's clear. Clear - because there is no rain. No rain - because it's warm.

Imagination games

Online games are not only easily accessible, but also very useful. Nothing needs to be prepared in advance, the main thing is that the child rests every 15-20 minutes for about 20-30 minutes, because during these very breaks new neural connections are built in the brain and the better they are built, the more progress will be!

This is similar to how an athlete after a good exercise or race needs to rest so that the muscles regain strength.

The game "complex sorting"

The game "difficult sorting" is an excellent training of quick wits and attention. In the center of the screen, a figure is shown that has its own color, and around 4 different figures, painted in four different colors. It is written how you need to compare the figure given in the center with those around: by color or by shape. You need to think in time and not get lost. The game is against the clock, so hurry up to score the most points.

Game "Letters and numbers"

1. Trains concentration
2. Improves reaction speed
3. Develops logic and ingenuity

Immediately after the start, one of the four windows will show one letter and one number, for example, "U6". And under the letter with a number, a question will appear, for example, "Is the number odd?" or "Letter consonant?". You need to answer questions as quickly as possible.

Color Matrix Game

Also an excellent trainer for intelligence development will become a game of "color matrix". A field of cells will open in front of you, each of which will be painted over with one of two colors. And your goal will be to indicate which color is more on the field at the moment, 1st or 2nd. The game, of course, is on time and therefore you have to try. As the game progresses, the field will expand, that is. the game becomes more difficult.

Game "Simplify"

The game "Simplify" is a wonderful simulator, not only for mental counting, but also for quick wits. You will find examples both simple and complex. But not everything is so complicated in reality, you just need to figure out how to simplify, calculate or find the answer from those offered. To do this, you will have to use your ingenuity!

visual search

1. Develops voluntary attention
2. Improves concentration
3. Improves attention span

Figures will appear on the screen, among which you need to choose a unique one, nothing like other shapes. Some figures may differ in just one small detail that you need to learn how to quickly find. With each successful round, the difficulty increases and more points are given :)

Game "Flanking task"

The picture shows a flock of birds, and you will be required to indicate the direction of flight central birds. At first, you may be confused, but then it will be better. Go!

Super memory game

1. Trains visual memory
2. Increases memory capacity
3. Improves memory accuracy

With each move, one new picture appears on the screen. You need to quickly find it and click on it to score as many points as possible in 1.5 minutes. The first 5-7 moves are very easy, and then it becomes noticeably more interesting and more difficult.

Means of Imagination Development

Life experience- this is the main means of developing the imagination. Communicate with different people, take part in all sorts of competitions, events, find your hobby, but don't limit yourself to one!

Reading- one of the best means of developing the imagination. Reading opens up a world of imagination and interesting stories. The steeper the plot, the more fascinating the book, the brighter the descriptions, the better for your thinking and imagination. And even if you haven’t read it to the end yet, you can imagine what will happen next. And then you compare in the course of reading how well the future events were presented in the work. If you make a mistake, this is not bad, because it is almost impossible to guess the plot completely, but the experience that you get while imagining is priceless.

Fantasy- the best genre for the development of imagination and creativity. Because fantasy is the most striking genre than others.

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Development of thinking and imagination

Thinking and imagination are closely related to each other. Imagination can be considered thinking, only this thinking is higher than the real, it takes you to another world, a fantasy world. Thinking is a tool that every person has, solving various problems in life.

Thinking can be developed, its speed, depth, freedom, awareness can be changed. Thinking can also become more precise, detailed, and positive.

How to develop thinking?

Make notes and drawings. Get into the habit of expressing your thoughts in writing or drawings. Some people explaining or telling something, not only speaks, but also draws, that is, lays a picture for you, clarifies the situation.

Tell your thoughts. It will be useful to express your thoughts to others who will be really interested in it. By telling this to someone you can get feedback. And it will be a plus that the more you tell your thoughts, the more understandable they will be for you (if there were any points that were not clear).

Discuss. Discussing thoughts is a pretty effective thing. The main thing is that the discussion does not turn into a quarrel. If you suddenly do not agree with the thesis of the interlocutor, then make up your own, but do not start a heated argument, but have a calm conversation.

Follow the speech. Thinking and speech are closely related to each other. Therefore, in order to contribute to the development of thinking, it is worth building your speech correctly. Tip: exclude the words “problems”, “horror”, “difficult”, include “interesting”, “goal”.

Why are speech and thought closely related? Thinking is fleeting, it is difficult to remember, but speech is a different story. Speech is memorable and easier to follow.

Do you want to improve your thinking? Pay attention to your speech.

Pay attention to someone else's speech. It is easier to follow someone else's speech than your own. Because someone else's speech is something new and all the flaws and failures in logic are heard in it. Studying the mistakes of someone else's speech will help you in finding mistakes in your own speech.

Improve your writing skills. Text analysis can be compared to listening to someone else's speech. In both cases, you are looking for errors, roughness and take notes. Improving thinking depends on the ability to process texts.

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Outcome

In this article, we learned what imagination is, how to develop it for adults and children, what exercises to use, and so on. And also how imagination can be used for practical purposes.

As Einstein said, logic will take you from one point to another, but imagination can take you anywhere. People with a developed imagination are dreamers who know how to enjoy life, because even in the most difficult situations they can come up with an unexpected solution. That is why it is very important to develop the imagination of adults and not to suppress it in children. We all know how children love to imagine, but adults often, without realizing it, stifle this way of thinking of a small person in the bud. As a result, people incapable of creative thinking, ordinary people, grow up. However, our goal is to prove that imagination can be developed at any age.

What is imagination?

Imagination is a kind of creative thinking of a person, in which he independently creates new images, ideas, opens up unprecedented horizons. Very often, it is the dreamers who become discoverers in a wide variety of areas of life:

• Sergei Pavlovich Korolev dreamed of conquering space and became the leading developer and designer of rockets in the USSR.
• Pablo Picasso had an incredible imagination, you can see this by looking at his brilliant paintings, which, by the way, not everyone can understand.
• Alexander Flemming dreamed that he would find a cure for infections. And so it happened, he discovered penicillin, which saved many people from terrible diseases.
• The great experimenter Thomas Edison lit up the whole world with his incandescent lamp. However, this was preceded not only by a developed imagination, but also by incredibly hard work.

You can continue indefinitely, there are many people with a developed imagination among scientific and creative figures.

One of the varieties of imagination is recreative thinking, thanks to which a person “thinks out” what he has not seen before, what he has not encountered in the past. Unlike memory, recreative imagination is incredibly flexible and dynamic.

The complexity of the development of the imagination lies in the fact that it is difficult to formalize, control and subordinate to any algorithm. However, the good news is that every person has imagination, therefore, it can be developed at any time.

Household tools and exercises to develop the imagination

In order for imagination to develop on its own, it is necessary to stimulate those parts of the brain that are responsible for life experience. It turns out that the more irritants a person receives, the more developed his imagination. So, household means for the development of imagination, available to every person:

• You need to communicate with a lot of people.
• Participate in a variety of community activities.
• Do more and more things every day.
• There is no need to follow the knurled road, one should choose unknown paths. This applies not only to walking or driving, but also to decision-making methods.

Consider 2 very productive methods that help develop imagination at any age.

Developing the imagination by expanding the number of models of the world

The model of the world is perceived differently by different people, so it is difficult to talk about objectivity in the interpretation of reality. This formulation is well reflected by the saying "There are no comrades for the taste and color." However, any model of the world can be expanded by trying to understand the point of view of other people and their idea of ​​the world. In everyday communication, try to put yourself in the place of the interlocutor and see the world through his eyes. Experiment - today you are a child, tomorrow you are an elderly neighbor, and the day after tomorrow you are a soldier who has returned from the army. All these mental reincarnations will positively affect your creative thinking.

Reading - tell me what your favorite book is and I'll tell you who you are!

Books are an inexhaustible simulator for the imagination. As the saying goes, "A book is a small window through which you can see the whole world." While reading fiction, images are visualized. For the development of the imagination, it is recommended to choose detective novels, adventures, popular science fiction. Quite effectively affects the imagination of a person and poetry. However, fans of day and night reading should be aware that books are not the only way to develop creative thinking and imagination. Over time, avid readers get used to receiving other people's thoughts, their mind does not work to the fullest, so books must be alternated with other exercises. The optimal reading rhythm for everyone is different, as a rule, reading 1-5 books a month can be considered useful.

Imagination exercises during a creative crisis

A lack of imagination often worries creative individuals who, by their calling, are forced to constantly work with fantasy. Here are some exercises that will help you discover your writing talent or train your imagination:

• Take a pen or pencil and colorfully describe the place where you like to relax.
• Imagine that an unexpected guest came to you at 4 o'clock in the morning. What do you tell him? Write it down on paper.
• Write a short story on a philosophical topic, such as what is the meaning of life?
• Create a message for yourself in the future. Refer to yourself in 10 years, ask or advise, tell about yourself and try to guess what you will be doing in the future.
• Find yourself 250 options for activities if you had an extra week.

Game exercises that develop the imagination

• Unraveling drudles. Drudles are simple scribble-like pictures containing several interpretations. The person is asked to say what he sees in the image. Interestingly, there are no right and wrong answers. The very process of finding the answer is training.
• Word game. The standard game can be complicated by new rules. For example, you need to name only those words whose symbols will fit in a five-liter barrel. Or name only those items that are in the house.
• Description of images. A very effective method, especially for children. Show the child any illustration and ask him to tell what he sees. You will be surprised by the boundless imagination of the little explorer.
• Adults will love this game. When traveling on the subway or other public transport, try to come up with in your mind for any passenger his biography - first name, last name, year of birth, highlights of life. Guess his occupation and hobby. Such a game can be a great option for spending time with friends in the park or any other crowded place.

Computer exercises for the development of imagination

It is impossible to describe all the techniques for training a person's fantasy. Now a variety of online simulators are very popular, allowing you to fantasize and develop your imagination anywhere - on a trip, during a break at work, at home.

Our Brain Apps service presents a series of wonderful games that help develop imagination and creativity. These are games from the section "Thinking". We also recommend visiting the section Tasks, in which you will find interesting riddles with a trick.

Remember that imagination is a gift to be used. If you do not use fantasy, then very soon you can turn into an ordinary and boring person who is not interesting to anyone. Dare!

(3 votes : 5 out of 5 )

First, let's look at what imagination and fantasy are? These are types of thinking, this is the ability to mentally represent what is not, from what is in memory. In other words, imagination is an active creative process of creating new knowledge (new ideas) from old knowledge. What is the difference between fantasy and imagination? If imagination is the ability to mentally create new ideas and images of possible and impossible objects based on real knowledge, then fantasy is the creation of new, but unreal, fabulous, yet impossible situations and objects, say, but also on based on real knowledge. For example: the winged horse Pegasus, the Dead Head in Pushkin's fairy tale "Ruslan and Lyudmila", the fables of Baron Munchausen, Pinocchio, the Steadfast Tin Soldier - these are fantastic images.

There are several types of imagination:

1. Recreating is the representation of images according to a predetermined description, for example, when reading books, poems, notes, drawings, mathematical signs. Otherwise, this type of imagination is called reproductive, reproducing, remembering.

2. Creative is the independent creation of new images according to one's own design. Children call it "from the head." It is this kind of imagination that will be the subject of our study and development in children.

3. The unmanageable is what is called "violent fantasy", an absurdity, a set of unrelated absurdities.

How is fantasy and imagination different from serious problem solving?

When fantasizing, the child himself creates any kind of plot, including a fairy tale one, any situation he wants, any task he wants, and he solves it in any way he likes. Any solution is acceptable. And when solving real problems, the child is not looking for any, but a real, “adult”, serious, feasible solution. In both cases, he creates, but when fantasizing there is more freedom, since there are no prohibitions on the part of physical laws and no great knowledge is required. That is why it is better to start the development of children's thinking with the development of fantasy.

What is the difference between fantasy and stupidity?

When fantasy is harmful, it becomes stupidity. Stupidity is a stupid, absurd, unnecessary, unreasonable, wrong, harmful, inappropriate act or statement that does not honor the one who committed it. Of course, one must take into account the age of the person, the conditions and goals of the act.

Is all fantasy good? There is a general criterion for assessing the quality of all affairs on Earth - this is an increase in goodness in the world.

The classic carrier of fantasy is a fairy tale.

How is fairy tale different from science fiction? In science fiction, technically feasible situations, elements or processes are considered, and in a fairy tale any. It should be noted that there is no sharp boundary between fantastic and real solutions either. For example, what was considered a fantasy in the time of Jules Verne is now an everyday reality. G. A. Altshuller calculated that out of 108 (!) ideas-forecasts of J. Verne, 99 (90%) were implemented. H.G. Wells has 77 out of 86, Alexander Belyaev has 47 out of 50.

When a child selflessly tells fables with his participation, he does not lie, in our usual sense, he composes. He doesn't care if it's real or not real. And this should not be important to us, what is important is that the child's brain works, generates ideas. However, you should still pay attention to what the child dreams of. If he talks all the time about his non-existent friends, about tender parents or about toys, then maybe he suffers, dreams about it and thus pours out his soul? Help him immediately.

Why develop fantasy and imagination?

They say: "Without imagination, there is no consideration." A. Einstein considered the ability to imagine higher than knowledge, because he believed that without imagination it is impossible to make discoveries. K. E. Tsiolkovsky believed that a cold mathematical calculation is always preceded by imagination.

Sometimes in everyday life fantasy and imagination are understood as something empty, unnecessary, lightweight, having no practical application. In fact, as practice has shown, a well-developed, bold, controlled imagination is an invaluable property of original non-standard thinking.

It is difficult for children to think "according to the laws", but if they are taught to fantasize and not be criticized for it, then children fantasize easily and with pleasure, especially if they are also praised.

Apparently, this is how children subconsciously learn to think - in the game. This should be used and developed imagination and fantasy from early childhood. Let the children "reinvent their own bicycles". Who did not invent bicycles in childhood, he will not be able to invent anything at all.

How to develop fantasy and imagination in children?

There are three laws for the development of creative imagination:

1. The creative activity of the imagination is directly dependent on the richness and diversity of a person's previous personal experience.

Indeed, every imagination is built from real elements; the richer the experience, the richer the imagination. Hence the consequence: we must help the child to accumulate experience, images and knowledge (erudition), if we want him to be a creative person.

2. You can imagine what you yourself have not seen, but what you have heard or read about, that is, you can fantasize based on someone else's experience. For example, you can imagine an earthquake or a tsunami, although you have never seen it. Without training, it is difficult, but possible.

Ways to develop fantasy and imagination

We list the main ways of developing fantasy and imagination, and then consider the methods for developing creative imagination. Ideally, if the child himself wants and will develop his imagination and imagination. How to achieve this?

1. Generate motivation!

2. Convince that fantasizing is not shameful, but very prestigious and useful for the child personally. They don't understand this yet. Need a game and vivid emotions. The logic of children is not yet strong.

3. Fantasizing should be interesting. Then, having fun, the child will quickly master the ability to fantasize, and then the ability to imagine, and then to think rationally. Preschoolers are not interested in reasoning, but in events.

4. Make children fall in love with you (attraction). On this “wave of love”, they trust you more and are more willing to obey.

5. By your own example. In early childhood, kids copy the behavior of adults, it’s a sin not to take advantage of this. You are an authority for a child.

• at a tender age (2-6 years) - fairy tales, fantastic stories;
• in adolescence (7-14) - adventure fantasy novels (Jules Verne, Belyaev, Conan Doyle, Wells);
• in youth and in adulthood - solid science fiction literature (Efremov, Strugatsky, Azimov, etc.).

Teach children to admire a good fantasy.

7. Stimulate fantasy with questions. For example: “What happens if you grow wings. Where would you fly?

8. Put children in difficult situations. Let them think and find a way out. Here, for example, is a classic task: children ended up on a desert island, how to survive?

9. Throw interesting stories to children and ask them to make stories, fairy tales, stories based on them.

10. Teach the following techniques for developing imagination and fantasizing.

Using the techniques below does not eliminate the need to think. Techniques “not instead of”, but “to help” fantasy, techniques indicate the direction of thinking. Knowledge of fantasy techniques leads children to mastering "adult" techniques for resolving contradictions and solving inventive problems.

Techniques for the development of fantasy and imagination

Children know quite a lot of phenomena and laws of nature (for example, that all objects fall down, that heavy objects sink, liquids spill and do not have their own shape, water freezes, wood, paper, a candle burn). This knowledge is quite enough to fruitfully fantasize, but children do not know how to fantasize, that is, they do not know the techniques of fantasizing.

Most of the techniques of fantasizing are associated with changing the laws or natural phenomena. Everything can be changed: any law of animate and inanimate nature, any social law, the law can act in reverse, completely new laws can be invented, some existing laws can be excluded, laws can be forced to act or not act at will, temporarily, periodically or unpredictably; you can change any living creature: people (all people have become honest!), animals, plants.

Below are 35 fantasy techniques:

1. Increase - decrease.

This is the simplest technique, it is widely used in fairy tales, epics, and fantasy. For example, Thumbelina, Thumb Boy, Gulliver, Lilliputians, Gargantua and Pantagruel. You can increase and decrease almost everything: geometric dimensions, weight, height, volume, wealth, distances, speeds.

It can be increased indefinitely from actual sizes to infinitely large and can be reduced from real to zero, that is, until complete destruction.

Here are conversation games for mastering the "increase - decrease" technique.

1.1. They say to the child: “Here is a magic wand for you, it can increase or decrease whatever you want. What would you like to increase and what would you like to decrease?

- I would like to reduce vocal lessons, and increase my free time.
I would like to reduce my homework.
I want to enlarge the candy to the size of a refrigerator so that I can cut off pieces with a knife.
— I want to increase the raindrops to the size of a watermelon.

1.2. Complicate this game with additional questions: “And what will come of this? Where it leads? Why do you want to increase or decrease?”

- Let your arms become so long for a while that you can get an apple from a branch, or say hello through the window, or get a ball from the roof, or, without getting up from the table, turn off the TV.
- If the trees in the forest are reduced to the size of grass, and the grass to the size of a match, then it will be easy to look for mushrooms.
- If it is difficult for a child to fantasize independently, offer to fantasize together, ask him auxiliary questions.

1.3. What will happen if our nose lengthens for a while?

- It will be possible to smell the flowers in the flower bed without leaving the house; it will be possible to determine what delicious dishes the neighbors are preparing;
"That's good, but what's wrong with that?"
- There will be nowhere to put such a long nose, it will interfere with walking, riding in transport, it will even be uncomfortable to sleep, and in winter it will freeze. No, I don't need that nose.

Invite the child to say what is good and what is bad if we increase or decrease something. Who will be good and who will be bad? This is a moral analysis of the situation.

1.4. Tell me, what will be good and what will be bad for you personally and others if the magician enlarges you 10 times? If the child finds it difficult to guess, help him with additional questions.

What size will you be then?
- How many kilograms will you weigh?

What will happen if your height decreases by 10 times?
- Agree, it would be great if you could change your height at will. For example, you are late for school: you increased the length of your legs or the frequency of your steps and quickly reached school, and then made your legs of normal length. Or another case. We have to cross the river, but there is no bridge nearby. No problems!
- I will be 15 m high! This is the height of a five-story building!

Regarding weight, this is a tricky question. Usually answer: 10 times more. In fact, if you keep all the proportions of the body, then the weight will increase 1000 times! If a person weighed 50 kg, he would weigh 50 tons! I will run faster than a car. I will be strong, and no one will dare to offend me, and I will be able to protect anyone. I can carry huge weights. I wonder what? Usually a person can lift half their weight. Then I can lift 25 tons! This is good. What will be bad?

I won't fit in the class. You will have to sew huge clothes and shoes. It will be very difficult to feed me. If we assume that a person eats 2% of his weight per day, then I need food weighing 1 ton. I won't fit on any bus. Even down the street I have to walk, bending under the wires. I will have nowhere to live.

2. Adding one or more fantastic properties to one person or many people (as fragments or blanks of future fantastic works).

The technique of this kind of fantasizing is similar to the method of focal objects:

a) select several arbitrary objects of animate and/or inanimate nature;
b) formulate their properties, qualities, features or character traits. You can come up with new properties "from the head";
c) the formulated properties and qualities endow a person.

For example, an eagle was chosen as an object (“property donor”). Eagle qualities: flies, excellent eyesight, feeds on rodents, lives in the mountains.

- Man can fly like an eagle. It can be added: it can fly in the stratosphere, in near and far space.
- A person has super-acute eagle vision, for example, he sees cells of living tissues without a microscope, crystal lattices of metals, even atoms, he sees without a telescope and better than through a telescope, the surface of stars and planets. He sees through walls, walks down the street and sees what is happening in the houses, and even penetrates through the walls himself, like an X-ray.
- Man eats eagle food - rodents, birds.
— The man is covered with feathers.

Continue fantasizing with this method, taking as an initial object: a light bulb, a fish (remember an amphibian man), a watch, glasses, a match, suspended animation (a sharp slowdown in life processes is very convenient: there is no money for food or nowhere to live - you fall into suspended animation) or the reverse of hibernation (a sharp increase in vital processes, a person does not know fatigue, moves with incredible speed, such a person will make a wonderful illusionist, or a runner, or an invincible fighter).

2.1. Come up with sense organs that a person does not have, but could be.
For example, it would not be bad to feel the presence of radiation in order to protect yourself from it. Generally speaking, we feel it if we suffer from radiation sickness.
It would not be bad to feel nitrides and nitrates and other contaminants. There is a wonderful and rare feeling - this is a sense of proportion, not everyone has it.
It would not be bad to feel when you make a mistake and when danger is approaching (figuratively speaking, the red light would light up in this case).

2.2. The time will come and it will be possible to change the internal organs. What would it look like?

2.3. Make a “markup” of people with color according to their moral qualities. For example, all honest people turned pink, all dishonest people turned purple, and evil people turned blue. The more a person has done meanness, the darker the color. Describe what will happen to the world? Many people probably wouldn't leave the house.

3. Animated drawing.

You have received a wonderful gift, everything you draw comes to life! What would you draw?
Great people? Endangered animals?
New animals and plants?

4. Exclusion of some human qualities.

List the properties and qualities of a person, and then exclude one or two properties and see what happens.

The man is not sleeping.
The person does not feel pain.
- The person lost weight, sense of smell.

Name at least 10 vital qualities and properties of a person and think about the consequences of their loss.

5. Turning a person into any object.

A person turns into another person, into animals (birds, animals, insects, fish), into plants (into oak, rose, baobab), into objects of inanimate nature (stone, wind, pencil). This is the richest material for new fairy tales.

But the most important thing in this technique is the cultivation of empathy - the ability to transform into a different image and look at the world through his eyes.

Suggest at least 10 examples of human transformation, for example in fairy tales.

6. Anthropomorphism.

Anthropomorphism is the assimilation of a person, endowing with human properties (speech, thinking, the ability to feel) any objects - animate and inanimate: animals, plants, celestial bodies, mythical creatures.

Have you seen anywhere in the world
Are you a young princess?
I am her fiancé. - my brother,
- The clear moon answers, -
I did not see the red maiden ...

Here Pushkin endowed the month with the ability to see, recognize, condole and speak.

Recall 10 examples of anthropomorphism from fairy tales, myths and fables that you know and come up with at least 10 examples of possible anthropomorphism yourself.

7. Giving objects of inanimate nature the abilities and qualities of living beings.

Namely: the ability to move, think, feel, breathe, grow, rejoice, multiply, joke, smile.

The boy sits astride a stick and imagines her as a horse and himself as a rider.
What living creature would you turn a balloon into?

Think of at least 10 examples of such transformations.

8. Giving extraordinary properties to objects of inanimate nature.

For example, stone. It glows, always warm (never cools down!), you can warm your hands in the cold, makes the water sweet and healing, but does not dissolve itself.

Contemplation of the stone inspires to write poetry and draw, etc.

Here is a good game for the development of fantasy. Children (or adults) stand in a circle. One is given a soft toy or a ball in his hands and is asked to throw it to someone with warm words: “I give you a hare”, or “Yurochka, I give you a goat, his horns have not yet grown”, or “Hold, Masha, a large candy”, or “I give you a piece of my heart”, “I give you a squirrel”, “This is a glass ball, do not break it”, “This is a cactus, do not prick.”

9. Revival of dead people, animals, plants.

For example:

What would happen if brontosaurs were resurrected?
What else would Pushkin have created if he had not passed away so early?
You can "revive" all kinds of extinct animals and people!

Suggest 10 options for such a game.

10. Revival of dead heroes of literary works, in particular, heroes of fairy tales.

- Did the character of the fairy tale die? It doesn't matter, you need to draw it and it will come to life.

Come up with continuations of fairy tales, provided that the heroes of the fairy tale did not die. The fox didn't eat the bun, Ruslan didn't cut off Chernomor's beard, The tin soldier didn't melt, Onegin didn't kill Lensky.

Suggest 10 options for such a game.

11. Revival of the heroes of art paintings and sculptures.

The characters of paintings by famous artists came to life - barge haulers, hunters, Cossacks, archers.

Name 10 paintings by famous artists and suggest a continuation of the plot, provided that the characters come to life.

12. Change in the usual relationship between the heroes of fairy tales.

Recall the following situations: a pike sings a lullaby (“Pike opens his mouth”); "The Gray Wolf serves her faithfully"; Brave Bunny; cowardly lion.

Come up with a fairy tale with such an incredible plot: the Fox has become the most rustic in the forest, and all the animals deceive her.

13. Metaphor.

Metaphor is the transfer of the properties of one object (phenomenon) to another on the basis of a feature common to both objects. For example, “talking waves”, “cold look”. Here is an excerpt composed of some metaphors:

On the thread of idle fun
He lowered with a cunning hand
Transparent flattery necklace
And the golden rosary of wisdom.
A. S. Pushkin

Name the metaphors and ask the children to explain which properties are transferred and to whom.
Soft character. Cheeks are burning. Drowned in twos. Keep in tight grip. Turned green with anger. Steel muscles. iron character. bronze body.

14. Give a new name to the painting.

The child is shown a lot of plot pictures, postcards or reproductions of famous artists and is asked to give them new names. Compare who named better: a child or an artist. The basis for the name can be a plot, mood, deep meaning, etc.

Give 10 new names of old famous paintings.

15. Fantastic association.

A fantastic, that is, an incredible idea, can be obtained by combining the properties or parts of two or three objects. For example, fish + man = mermaid, horse + man = centaur. Who are the sirens? The same pair of objects can give different ideas depending on the combined qualities.

Give 10 examples of combinations of unexpected qualities of various real creatures.

16. Fantastic crushing.

Remember the plot of the wonderful novel "The Twelve Chairs" or the plot of Svetlov's fairy tale about a man named Rubl, who fell from the fifteenth floor and broke into ten kopecks. Each penny has its own destiny. One hryvnia was exchanged for kopecks, another became a big boss and looked more important than the ruble, the third began to multiply.

Come up with a fairy tale on a similar plot. For example, an orange shattered into slices, a pomegranate crumbled into 365 seeds (exactly 365 seeds in any pomegranate, check), the fate of the pea sisters from one pod.

17. "How lucky I am."

How lucky I am, says the sunflower, I look like the sun.
How lucky I am, says the potato, I feed people.
How lucky I am, - says the birch, - they make fragrant brooms out of me.

Come up with 10 options for such a game.

18. Reception acceleration - deceleration.

You can speed up or slow down the speed of any process. To direct the fantasy in this direction, ask questions like: “What will happen if”, “What will happen if”.

- What will happen if the Earth begins to rotate 24 times faster? The day will last 1 hour. For 1 hour you need to have time to sleep, have breakfast, go to school (for 15 minutes), have lunch, do homework (for 3-4 minutes), take a walk, have dinner.

What will happen if the seasons last 100 years? (Then people who were born at the beginning of winter would never see green grass, flowers, river floods) Task. Suggest three or four plots related to the indicated technique.

19. Acceleration and deceleration of time.

Themes of fantasy stories.

Situation 1. You have invented a chronodyne - a device with which you can change the speed of time and the speed of processes in time at will. You can speed up any processes or slow them down.

Situation 2. It was not you who invented the chronodyne, but someone else, and this other, unexpectedly for you, at will, changes the speed of the processes in which you participate.

The lesson lasts either 40 minutes, or 4 minutes, or 4 hours, and all this is unpredictable for the teacher and students. Started eating cake, and time sped up 1000 times! It's a shame! How to live in such a world?

Situation 3. You invented a chrono-tour (a tour is a movement in a circle) - a device with which you can repeat events, rejuvenate and age people, animals, objects, machines many times.

Who would you rejuvenate and by how many years?
What period of your life would you like to live again?

Exercise. Suggest some stories using the given techniques.

20. Time machine.

You have a time machine! You get into it and can travel to the near and far past of any country, to the near and far future of any country, and be there at any time. But you can't change anything there, you can only look. While you are in the past or in the future, life on Earth proceeds according to its usual laws.

“Home option”: sitting at home, you look into the “Mirror of Time” or mentally take pictures with the “Camera of Time” or “Cinema Camera of Time” or “Magic Eye”. Name the place and time and, please, the image is ready.

What would you like to see in the past?
- What were your mother and grandmother like when they were the same age as I am now?
How did dinosaurs live?
- I would like to meet and talk with Pushkin, with Napoleon, with Socrates, with Magellan.
- What would you like to see in the future?
— Who will I be? How many children will I have?
- Talk to your future son.

Here is an incredible situation. A message was sent from Earth to a distant star. Intelligent beings live on this star, they have a time machine. They sent a reply, but they made a mistake, and the reply came to Earth before the message was sent.

Exercise. Suggest 10 stories related to the time machine effect.

21. Chronoclasm.

This is a paradox caused by interference with a previous life. Someone moved into the past and changed something there, and then returned, but on Earth everything is different. To encourage fantasizing in this direction, questions such as:

What would happen now if something had happened differently in the past, or if something had not happened at all?
- What would have to be changed in the past so that what happened did not happen?

For example:

- I lost my keys. It doesn't matter, I return to the past and do not take the keys with me.
- What would have happened if there had not been a coup in 1917?

What can be changed in the past? Everything can be changed in the past! The actions of people, the phenomena of animate and inanimate nature, the surroundings.

Chronoclasm, time machine, chrono-tour, chronodyne are wonderful devices for fantasizing, they provide an inexhaustible number of plots.

Exercise. Suggest some crazy stories for these techniques.
(I went to look for a bride in the past. I found out why the brontosaurs became extinct.)

22. The method of L. N. Tolstoy.

They write that L. N. Tolstoy regularly used the following method every morning as morning exercises of the mind.

Take the most common object: a chair, a table, a pillow, a book. Describe this object in the words of a person who has never seen it before and does not know what it is and why.

For example, what would an Australian native say about watches?

Exercise. Write some item descriptions for the Aboriginal.

23. Free fantasy.

Children are offered to fantasize uncontrollably on a given topic, using any fantasy techniques and any combination of them. Unlike solving some serious problem, you can offer any ideas, even the most crazy ones.

Come up with a fantastic plant.

- All known fruits grow simultaneously on one plant: apples, pears, oranges, avocados, pineapples, mangoes, coconuts.

- All known fruits and vegetables grow on one plant (tomatoes and potatoes, tobacco can be made from leaves, painkillers and “beauty products” can be obtained. In principle, this is possible, since tomatoes, potatoes, tobacco, belladonna (in Italian - "beautiful lady") belong to the same family - nightshade.

— Known and unknown fruits, vegetables and nuts grow on the same plant.

- Amazing watermelon: marmalade inside, and instead of seeds - candy. This is also possible, only you need to water it with sweet water and honey.

- Objects of animate and inanimate nature grow on the same tree.

The flower is made of chocolate and never fades no matter how much you eat it.

24. Come up with a fantastic building.

The building of the future: everything is visible from the inside to the outside, but nothing is visible from the outside to the inside. A creature (a person, a dog ..) with intentions harmful to the owner of the house cannot enter the building.

What qualities should a house have if the weight and size of the owner changes 10 times every hour?

25. Come up with a new mode of transport.

Invention Ideas:

- A meson-gravitational-electromagnetic beam is directed at a person, which splits a person into atoms, remember their mutual position, transfer it by atom to the right place and collect it there in the same order. (Think about the situation: the program for assembling a person went bad, but they didn’t notice it! How did they assemble a person? And what if they mixed up the atoms of several people?)

- Synthetic transport, combining the advantages of all known modes of transport: the speed of a rocket, the luxury of a high-class cabin of an ocean liner, the all-weather ability of an aircraft to study lightning, the uselessness of helicopter landing and take-off areas, the healthfulness of horse transport.

- The road surface is wavy or triangular in shape. Invent a wheel so that it does not shake on such a road. It will also be an invention!

26. Come up with a new holiday or contest.

- Festival of flowers. All have flowers painted on their cheeks. On this day, you can only speak the Chinese language of flowers.

- The festival of the arrival of swallows.

- Feast of the first mosquito.

Fantasy Contest. Two teams are participating. Each team offers different tasks to the other team: a) a topic for a humorous story of 5 phrases; b) an object for composing a riddle (table, fork, TV); c) the beginning of the story. For example. "My friend Keith invited me on a trip around the world"; d) some method of fantasizing is offered. It is necessary, using this technique, to come up with an incredible story.

27. Come up with a dramatic plot.

- Mom spoiled her daughter beyond measure. What happened to mother and daughter?

- A man got lost, accidentally found a house abandoned by hunters and lived there for 7 years. How did he live there? What did he eat, what did he wear? .. (After five years, he forgot how to speak, etc.)

28. Come up with a new fantasy game.

To come up with a new unprecedented game, you need to come up with incredible conditions and rules for this game.

— Chess pieces are made of chocolate; won an opponent's piece and you can immediately eat it.

- The game "Edible Checkers". They do become edible, but only after they have been fairly won. Think about what special properties a won king and a locked checker will have?

— Cylindrical drafts and chess. The board is folded into a cylinder so that the fields a1, a2, a3, etc. are next to the fields h1, h2, h3, respectively. The verticals become the generators of the cylinder.

- Checkers Lobachevsky. The board is mentally folded into a fantastic figure - at the same time, both the sides and the sides facing the players are closed. The generators are verticals and horizontals at the same time.

- Super chess. Instead of chess pieces - cubes. On the faces of each die there are images of six figures, except for the king. Once per game, you can change the status of the piece (turn the die), unexpectedly for the opponent.

29. Magical fulfillment of one's own desires and materialization of thoughts.

You have become a powerful wizard. It is enough to think - and any, but only good, your desire is fulfilled. You, for example, can make anyone happy. But if you have planned something bad for another, then it will happen to you.

Here's a goodwill test.

Tell the children that for an hour they can do anything, good or bad, to people. Check out what the kids want to do? Good or evil?

The robbers caught a worthy man and want to kill him. Suggest at least 10 ways to save him (make him invisible, freeze robbers).

30. You began to have the gift of telepathy.

Telepathy is the transmission of thoughts and feelings over a distance without the mediation of the senses. You can even not only read the thoughts of other people, but also mentally force people to do what you want. How are you using this gift?

31. Method of Nadya Rusheva.

Here is another wonderful way to develop imagination and drawing skills. This is a well-known universal method, which was owned by the brilliant girl Nadya Rusheva.

By the age of 16, she had read with a felt-tip pen or a pen in her hand the books of more than fifty writers, from ancient to modern: Homer, Shakespeare, Pushkin, Lermontov, Tolstoy, Turgenev, Exupery, Bulgakov and painted, painted, painted. Reading, fantasizing and drawing. This helped her to achieve lightness, sophistication and "soaring" lines in her drawings. During her seventeen-year life, she created ten thousand wonderful drawings! Being engaged in ballet as a child, she knew how much work this “lightness of soaring” is achieved. This wonderful, but not popular way is called: diligence and perseverance!

32. Method "RVS".

RVS is an abbreviation of three words: size, weight, cost.

It should be noted that the RVS method is a special case of the more general “decrease-increase” method, when any characteristics of the system can be changed from zero to infinity, and not just dimensions, weight or cost. For example, speed, quantity, quality, force of friction, force of thinking, force of memory, firm profit, number, salaries. Such mental experiments “blur” the usual idea of ​​the system being improved, make it “soft”, changeable, and provide an opportunity to look at the problem from an unusual angle.

The RVS method is based on the dialectical principle of the transition of quantitative changes into qualitative ones. This method is also called the “monster test method”, or the “limiting transition method”, or the “contradiction amplification method”.

The RVS method develops fantasy and imagination very well, and also allows you to overcome the mental inertia of thinking. It must be remembered that we are conducting a thought experiment, where everything is possible, and not a practical one, when the inexorable laws of nature operate.

There is also the “super-RVS” method, when limit transitions of several characteristics are viewed simultaneously. Such "hit on the subcortex" can carve something non-standard. For example, what will happen to the system if the system has the minimum cost, but the maximum size and weight, etc. Of course, the use of the RVS method must be learned.

33. Method of transferring properties.

Let us consider a very cheerful, mischievous and very simple (for those who know how to fantasize) method of endowing ordinary objects with properties that are completely unusual for them, taken, however, from ordinary objects. In science, this method is called the method of focal objects.

The algorithm is very simple.

The first step: some object is selected that they want to improve or give it completely unusual properties. For children, it can be a toy, a doll, a ball, a notebook, a textbook, a class magazine, an animal, a plant, or a person. This will be the so-called focal object. For example, let's choose a Barbie doll as the focal object. It seems that she is already the limit of fiction in the class of dolls. Let's see what happens.

Second step: choose some random objects. For example: an electric light bulb, a balloon, a TV set.

The third step: for these random objects, a list of their characteristic properties, functions and features is compiled.

Light bulb - glows, warm, transparent, burns out, turns on the power grid.
Balloon - flies, inflates, does not sink, bounces.
TV - shows, speaks, sings, has control knobs.

Fourth step: the formulated properties are transferred to the focal object.
So what will happen? Let's fantasize and especially not care about the real possibility of realizing what we have imagined. Go:

The doll glows from the inside with a matte milky pink light. The room is dark, but it glows. It's good: you won't lose it and you can even read it!

The doll is always pleasantly warm, as if alive. You can take it outside and warm your hands. You can put bird eggs next to a warm doll and chicks or chickens will hatch from them. You can lean against the aquarium - and the doll will heat the water for the fish.

She is transparent. You can see how her heart beats, blood flows through the vessels, you can study anatomy.

Burns out. Clearly, she needs to have spare parts: a set of arms, legs, heads, dresses. Doll constructor.

Now let's see what ideas the balloon will give us.

Flying doll. Angel doll with wings. A swan doll, a dragonfly, a parachutist, a flying squirrel or a bat, she has beautiful transparent membranes from her fingertips to her toes.

Inflatable doll. You can make a slim or fat Barbie, you can make a flat one for carrying. When the head is inflated separately, the facial expression changes. With an inflated doll, you can play in the bath, learn to swim.

What does the comparison with the TV give.

Let the doll show morning exercises, aerobics, yoga asanas every morning.
Let her scream indignantly when they begin to break her or quarrel in front of her.

You can use a combination of properties. As a rule, among the absurdities come across original ideas that trial and error will not give.

The Focal Object Method is an excellent method for developing imagination, associative thinking, and serious invention.

Proposals developing the method.

Children really like it when they put themselves in focus. It is a lot of fun to improve clothes, such as stockings, tights, boots.
You can pre-define the feature class in the second step.
The method can be used to come up with the design of shops, exhibitions, gifts.

Before starting the idea generation session, you can think with the children what is good and bad for the chosen focal object, who is good and who is bad, why it is good and why it is bad, etc. And then start fantasizing.

The best ideas are to be commended.

34. A combination of techniques.

The "aerobatics" of fantasizing is the use of many techniques simultaneously or sequentially. They used one technique and to what happened, they add a new technique. This leads very far from the initial object and where it will lead is completely unknown. Very interesting, try it. But this is only possible for a boldly thinking person.

Exercise. Take some fabulous object (Pinocchio, Kolobok) and apply 5-10 fantasy tricks to it in sequence. What will happen?

35. Beautiful ancient fantasies with transformations.

As examples of magnificent fantasy, let us recall the myths of the ancient Greeks and Romans, in which people turn into plants.

The beautiful young man Cypress accidentally killed his pet deer. He begged the silver-bowed Apollo to let him be sad forever, and Apollo turned him into a slender cypress tree. Since then, cypress has been considered a sad grave tree.

Another beautiful young man, Narcissus, had a different fate. According to one version, Narcissus saw his reflection in the river, fell in love with him and died of self-love. The gods turned it into a fragrant flower. According to another version, Narcissus dared not to return the love of a woman, and, at the request of other women rejected by men, he was turned into a flower. According to another version of this myth, Narcissus had a dearly beloved twin sister. The sister died unexpectedly. The yearning Narcissus saw his reflection in the stream, thought that it was his sister, looked at his reflection for a long time and died of grief. According to the fourth version, seeing his reflection in the river and falling in love with him, Narcissus realized the hopelessness of this love and stabbed himself. From the drops of Narcissus' blood grew flowers named after him.

Great examples of fantasy. One version is prettier than the other. Try and you offer your no less dramatic or touching versions of Narcissus.

Legend of Daphne. Pursued by Apollo in love with her, the young nymph Daphne prayed for help to the gods and was turned into a laurel, which became the sacred tree of Apollo. Since then, the winners of musical (musical) competitions in honor of Apollo have been awarded a laurel wreath. In ancient art, Daphne (Daphnia) was depicted at the moment when, overtaken by Apollo, she turns (sprouts) into a laurel.

The desperate young man Phaeton was unable to cope with the horses of the solar team of his father, the sun god Helios, for which he was struck by Zeus's lightning. The Heliades, Phaethon's sisters, mourned the death of their brother so bitterly that the gods turned them into poplars, whose leaves always make a sad noise. Heliad's tears became amber.