In total, people live in Tatarstan. (2015). Of these, a million people live in Kazan. Representatives of 115 nationalities live in the Republic of Tatarstan. The number of economically active population in the Republic of Tatarstan as of January 1, 2015 amounted to 1790.1 thousand people, or 47.0% of the total population of the republic.
Tatarstan ranks eighth in Russia in terms of population after Moscow and St. Petersburg, the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Bashkortostan, Moscow, Sverdlovsk and Rostov regions. In the Volga Federal District, the republic is the second largest in terms of population. According to preliminary data, the 2010 All-Russian Population Census in Tatarstan recorded 3,786.4 thousand people permanently residing in the republic.
Tatars Tatars are the indigenous people of the Republic of Tatarstan, according to the results of the 2010 census, 2,012,000 Tatars lived in the republic (which is over 53% of the population of the republic). and 48.6% Russians; in Naberezhnye Chelny, the proportion of Tatars 47.4% exceeds the weight of Russians 44.9%. Of their 43 municipal districts, Tatars form the majority in 32, Russians in 10, and in one district the majority of the population is Chuvash. In 10 districts, the number of Tatars exceeds % of the total number of those who indicated their nationality.
The population of Tatarstan as of 2015 people, urban, 4% (2015). Population density ~ 55.4 people/km² (2014).
The largest settlement in Tatarstan is the city of Kazan. In addition to it, there are also 21 cities, 20 urban-type settlements and 897 village councils in the Republic. The most populated region of Tatarstan is Zelenodolsky (61 thousand inhabitants without Zelenodolsk), the least populated is Yelabuga (about 11 thousand inhabitants without Yelabuga).
Kazan 1143.5 Mendeleevsk 22.1 Naberezhnye Chelny 513.2 Buinsk 20.3 Nizhnekamsk 234.1 Agryz 19.3 Almetyevsk 146.3 Arsk 18.1 Zelenodolsk 97.7 Vasilyevo 17.0 Bugulma 89.1 Kukmor 16.9 Yelabuga 70.8 Menzelinsk 16.5 Leninogorsk 64.1 Kamskiye Polyany 15.8 Chistopol 60.7 Mamadysh 14.4 Zainsk 41.8 Dzhalil 13.9 Aznakayevo 34.9 Tetyushi 11.6 Nurlat 32.6 Alekseevskoye 11.2 Bavly 22 .1 Urussu 10.7
Within the republic, a steady migration influx has the gravity zone of Kazan, as well as certain areas of the southeast, where oil and energy enterprises are located. An unstable migration pattern, depending on the situation at the city-forming enterprises, is emerging in the gravity zone of the Kama industrial hub. Migration outflow is typical for the peripheral and deep rural areas of the south and southwest, as well as the intermediate zone between the areas of attraction of Kazan and Yar Challa.
The Republic of Tatarstan is multinational in terms of population composition. This circumstance largely explains the diversity of confessions and religious associations on its territory. The religious situation in the Republic of Tatarstan as a whole is assessed as stable and reflects the consequences of the changes that have taken place over the past decades and have significantly affected the sphere of state-church relations, the activities of religious organizations throughout the Russian Federation. Azimov Mosque State-confessional relations in Tatarstan are developing in accordance with the logic of the current stage of religious revival.
As of January 1, 2014, 1,398 religious organizations were registered in Tatarstan, of which: 1,055 Muslim, 255 Orthodox of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, 5 of the True Orthodox Church, 2 of the Old Believers (Belokrinitsky consent and the Old Pomeranian persuasion), Catholics - 2, Jews - 4, Protestant communities of various directions - 71 (Evangelical Christians - Baptists - 4, Evangelical Christians - 30, Evangelical Christians - 16, Seventh Day Adventists - 10, Lutherans - 5, New Apostolic Church - 1, Jehovah's Witnesses - 5), Baha'is - 1, Hare Krishnas (Vaishnavas) - 2, Church of the Last Testament (Vissarionists) - 1.
is a republic within the Russian Federation. The head of state and the highest official of the Republic of Tatarstan is the President. He heads the system of executive bodies of state power in the republic and manages the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers - the executive and administrative body of state power. The Cabinet of Ministers is responsible to the President. The candidacy of the Prime Minister is approved by the Parliament of Tatarstan at the proposal of the President.
The highest representative and legislative body of state power in the Republic of Tatarstan is the unicameral State Council (Parliament).
The State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan is the permanent supreme representative, legislative body of state power. Parliament is elected for a term of five years and consists of 100 deputies. The State Council is headed by the Chairman of the State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan.
President of the Republic of Tatarstan
Prime Minister of the Republic of Tatarstan
Local self-government acts independently within its powers. Local self-government bodies are not included in the system of state authorities. Local self-government throughout the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan is carried out in urban, rural settlements, municipal districts and urban districts.
Judicial power is exercised by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Tatarstan, federal courts of general jurisdiction, the Arbitration Court of the Republic of Tatarstan and justices of the peace. Judicial proceedings and office work in courts are conducted in accordance with federal law.
The capital of the republic is Kazan, one of the largest economic, scientific, cultural and sports centers in Russia.
The official languages in Tatarstan are Tatar and Russian.
The Republic of Tatarstan is multi-confessional. As of January 1, 2008, 1398 religious associations were registered. Traditional confessions for the republic are Sunni Islam and Orthodoxy. The state policy in the republic is aimed at maintaining the balance of interests of Islam and Orthodoxy, the equality of all religions before the law.
In terms of the number of functioning religious communities, Tatarstan is one of the leaders among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. There are about 1,400 religious buildings in the republic, of which: 1,150 mosques, 200 churches, 50 religious buildings of other faiths.
In political and administrative terms, Tatarstan is divided into 43 municipal districts, 22 cities, 20 urban-type settlements, 897 rural settlements.
The Republic of Tatarstan is one of the most densely populated regions of Russia. In terms of population, Tatarstan ranks eighth among 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The total population of Tatarstan in mid-2011 amounted to 3 million 787 thousand 355 people.
Throughout the 20th century and the first decades of the 21st century, the population of the region grew at a low rate: 1920 - 2.7 million people, 1970 - 3.13 million people, 1989 - 3.64 million people ., 1999 - 3.78 million people, 2002 - 3.77 million people.
In general, the demographic processes of the Republic of Tatarstan repeat the all-Russian trends. The total fertility rate in the period from 2005 to 2011 varied slightly, reaching a minimum in 2010 (9.6%) and a maximum in 2009 (11.8%).
In 2011, for the first time in the last 20 years, the number of births exceeded the number of deaths, and the natural increase in the population of the republic became positive (Fig. 1).
This trend continued in 2012. In July 2012, the coefficient of natural population growth increased to 1.2% and the population of the republic increased by 2996 people. An increase in the number of births not only of the first and second, but also of the third and subsequent children in the family was recorded.
The gender structure of the population of Tatarstan is dominated by the female population: the share of women is 53.9%, and men - 46.1%.
Women quantitatively predominate in the urban settlements of the republic. Thus, in cities, there are 1,015 women per 1,000 men of working age, and 2,652 women per 1,000 men of retirement age. Only among the townspeople of children's age (0-15 years) is there a preponderance towards the male population: there are 956 girls for every 1,000 boys.
In 2010, the average life expectancy of the republic's population was 70.8 years (the average for the Russian Federation is 69 years).
In the Republic of Tatarstan, a positive migration balance has been maintained for several decades, which indicates the economic attractiveness of the region both among the population of neighboring regions and among residents of the CIS countries. The main migration flows are directed to Tatarstan from the Chuvash Republic, the Republic of Mari El, Bashkortostan, and among the CIS countries - from Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and other republics.
In 2010, 62.7% of the total number of migrants participated in intra-republican migrations. Among the cities of Tatarstan, the cities of Mamadysh (10.5‰), Buinsk (7.9‰), Menzelinsk (7.0‰), Kazan (6.9‰), Mendeleevsk (5.4‰) have the largest net migration.
Large industrial cities have either a low or negative net migration rate: Nizhnekamsk (-3.2‰), Naberezhnye Chelny (-0.9‰), Almetyevsk (0.1‰).
In total, representatives of 115 nationalities live on the territory of Tatarstan. The ethnic composition of the population is characterized by the predominance of representatives of three national groups - Tatars (53%), Russians (39.4%), Chuvashs (3.3%). All other national groups are less numerous, and the share of each of them does not exceed 1%. For example, the fourth national group after the Chuvashs is the Udmurt population, whose share is 0.6% of the total population.
The total share of other national groups is 4.2% of the total population of the republic. The ratio of the leading national groups of the republic according to the results of individual population censuses is presented in Table. one.
Table 1 . The ratio of the leading national population groups according to the results of individual population censuses
People | 1926 | 1939 | 1959 | 1970 | 1979 | 1989 | 2002 | 2010 |
including the Kryashens | ||||||||
Ukrainians | ||||||||
Azerbaijanis |
The main areas of settlement of the predominantly Tatar population are Zakazanie, a vast area to the north and northeast of Kazan, as well as the east and south of the republic. Tatars numerically predominate in most districts and cities, and their share has increased almost throughout the entire territory of the republic (Fig. 3). The Chuvash and Mordovians traditionally live in the peripheral regions of the southwest, the Mari in the northwest, and the Udmurts in the northeast. The Russian population slightly predominates in areas located on both banks of the Volga and near the wide mouth of the Kama, flooded by the reservoir, as well as in the cities of Zelenodolsk, Chistopol (more than 60% of the population), Bugulma and Yelabuga (more than half). Large communities of Ukrainians and Bashkirs formed as a result of labor migrations of the 1960s–1970s, they are concentrated in Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnekamsk (more than 40% of Ukrainians and 55% of Bashkirs of the republic).
The population density of the republic is 55.8 people/km2. According to this indicator, Tatarstan noticeably surpasses most neighboring regions, yielding only to the Samara region (59.2 people/km2) and the Chuvash Republic (69.9 people/km2). For example, the same indicator in the Republic of Mari El is 30.2 people/km2, in Udmurtia - 38.6 people/km2, in the Kirov region - 11.6 people/km2, in Bashkortostan - 28.3 people/km2.
Rural population density map
In the Republic of Tatarstan, the density of the rural population is only 13.7 people/km2, which indicates high urbanization.
75.4% of the population of the republic lives in urban areas, 24.6% - in rural areas. The urban population tends to steadily slow growth.
The cities of the republic differ in the number of inhabitants and play an unequal role in the internal and external socio-economic processes of the republic. The largest cities with a population of more than 100 thousand people have a diversified industry, participate in the intra-regional division of labor, producing products oriented both to the domestic and foreign markets (Table 2).
table 2. Classification of cities by population(2010th year)
City status | Name | Number, thousand people | Share in the total urban population of the Republic of Tajikistan, % |
|
I. Millionaires | ||||
II. The largest | Naberezhnye Chelny | |||
III. Large | Nizhnekamsk | |||
Almetievsk | ||||
IV. Medium | Zelenodolsk | |||
Bugulma | ||||
Leninogorsk | ||||
Chistopol | ||||
Aznakayevo | ||||
Mendeleevsk | ||||
(up to 19.9 thousand people) | ||||
Menzelinsk | ||||
Due to historical and economic reasons, the urban population of the republic is distributed unevenly. Most of it is concentrated in the northwest, northeast and southeast of Tatarstan (Fig. 4). Systems, clusters of cities have formed here, which are developing agglomerations.
The most established is the Kazan agglomeration, which includes the city of Kazan, the city of Zelenodolsk and the settlement zone between them. About 1 million 300 thousand people live within the Kazan agglomeration, which is approximately 34.4% of the population of the republic and 45.5% of all citizens of the region.
Kazan is the capital of the republic, the only millionaire city in the region (1145.4 thousand people). It is the economic, cultural and political center of Tatarstan. The area of Kazan is 425.3 km2. The birth and death rates coincide and amount to 13.1‰. Migration growth - (+4.6‰). The ethnic composition of the inhabitants is diverse, but the leading national groups are Russians (48.8%), Tatars (47.5%).
The Nizhnekamsk agglomeration, formed on the basis of young cities - Naberezhnye Chelny and Nizhnekamsk, as well as ancient Yelabuga, has about 850 thousand inhabitants, which is 22.4% of the population of the republic and 29.8% of the urban population.
Naberezhnye Chelny is a large industrial and cultural center in the north-east of the republic. This is the main city of the polycentric Nizhnekamsk agglomeration and the center of the Nizhnekamsk TIC, the second largest city in Tatarstan in terms of population and importance.
The area of the city is 171 km2; population - 513.2 thousand people, which is about 13.5% of the population of Tatarstan. The coefficient of natural population growth is positive and amounts to 5.7‰. The migration growth of the population is negative and amounts to (- 0.9‰). The national composition of the city's population is represented by the following main national groups: Tatars - 45.7%, Russians - 45.1%, Chuvash - 1.9%, Ukrainians - 1.6%, Bashkirs - 1.4%.
Nizhnekamsk is a large industrial center of the republic. This is the third largest city in Tatarstan, the administrative center of the Nizhnekamsk municipal district.
The area of Nizhnekamsk is 61.0 km2, the population is 234.1 thousand inhabitants. The coefficient of natural increase is positive and amounts to 5.7 ‰, the coefficient of net migration is (-3.2 ‰). The national composition of the population is represented mainly by Tatars (46.5%), Russians (46.1%), Chuvashs (3.0%), Ukrainians (1.0%), Bashkirs (1%).
Elabuga (city since 1780) is the industrial and cultural-historical center of the republic. It is the seventh most populous city in Tatarstan. Its area is 18.4 km2, the population is 70.9 thousand people. The natural population growth is positive and amounts to 3.5‰, the net migration coefficient is also positive (+ 3.5‰).
The cities of the south-east of the republic (Almetievsk, Bugulma, Leninogorsk, Aznakaevo, Bavly), closely connected by industrial, economic and cultural ties, form an industrial hub that contributed to the emergence of a new agglomeration.
About 337 thousand people live within the Almetyevsko-Bugulma agglomeration, which is 8.9% of the population of the republic and 11.9% of the urban population of the region.
Almetyevsk is the administrative center of the Almetyevsk municipal district, the largest city in the polycentric Almetyevsk-Bugulma agglomeration, the center of the Almetyevsk-Bugulma TPK of the republic, the fourth largest city in Tatarstan in terms of population and importance.
The area of the city is 41 km2, the population is 146.2 thousand people. The natural population growth is positive and amounts to 1.3‰. The migration growth of the population has slowed down and amounts to 0.1‰. The national composition of the population is represented by the following national groups: Tatars - 50.4%, Russians - 42.9%, Chuvashs - 2.4%, Mordovians - 2.4%.
Republican agglomerations are large industrial centers, concentrating in total 65.7% of the total population and 87.1% of the urban population of Tatarstan, act as "points of growth" of the regional economy.
The number of labor resources in the Republic of Tatarstan is 2434.3 thousand people, and the economically active population is 2092.8 thousand people. (July 2012).
Kazan is a beautiful city, the capital of Tatarstan. Among the inhabitants of our vast motherland, there is an opinion that the population of Kazan is exclusively Muslim. This opinion is erroneous, since Russians, Tajiks, Azerbaijanis, and representatives of other nationalities live comfortably on the territory of this most picturesque settlement. In this article, we will find out how many people live in this beautiful, cosmopolitan city.
Tatarstan is a large republic with over 4 million inhabitants. Kazan is rightfully considered one of the historical cities of the whole world. In 2015, he turned 1010 years old. Today, this administrative center is one of the most multinational in our country, as the city is home to over 115 categories of people who represent different nationalities.
Kazan population 2020
According to official statistics, the population of Kazan for 2020 is 1,231,878 people. If we take this number as 100%, we get the following picture: 51% of the total is allocated to the share of the Tatars living in this territory; 45% are Russian citizens (until 1907 this figure was 81.7%). The remaining 4% are Chuvash, Azerbaijanis, Ukrainians and representatives of other nationalities located close to the administrative center.
Historical data
In the first years after the founding of the city, the population density was approximately 20,000 inhabitants. Every year the population increased, and soon reached the mark of 100,000 people.
The positive dynamics of population growth is increasing every year. One of the key factors contributing to progression is an established process of fertility. The families of the city of Kazan are big. Often parents raise at least 2 children. Another positive aspect contributing to the growth of the population is that in Kazan the birth rate is higher than the death rate (the demographic situation in the region was negative until 2009).
The density and number of residents of the capital of Tatarstan is increasing due to residents who come to the city for a stable and significant income. According to official figures, 70% of the population of the city are people of working age. Accordingly, children and the elderly have an approximately equal percentage in the population - 15% each.
Modern Kazan is a million-strong city, which is divided into 7 large administrative and industrial districts. In view of these facts, there is a strong overcrowding of residents in some areas, and a large saturation of industrial sectors in others, respectively.
Kazan is a cozy, beautiful city with a long history, which is visited by a large number of tourists all over the world. Cozy and clean local attractions beckon travelers. Documentary historical facts confirm the popularity of the city at all times.
Data from Wikipedia:
The current population of Kazan is:
- 1,200,000 people (8th place in Russia) - according to the results of the 2010 All-Russian Census.
- 1,231,878 people (6th place in Russia) - registered population as of January 1, 2017.
- 1,231,878 people (6th place in Russia) - population estimate as of January 1, 2017
- 1,560,000 people - an expert estimate of the size of the Kazan agglomeration, a compact spatial grouping of settlements, one of the largest in Russia.
| Population | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1557 | 1800 | 1811 | 1840 | 1856 | 1858 | 1863 |
| 7000 | ↗ 40 000 | ↗ 53 900 | ↘ 41 300 | ↗ 56 300 | ↗ 61 000 | ↗ 63 100 |
| 1897 | 1907 | 1914 | 1917 | 1920 | 1923 | 1926 |
| ↗ 130 000 | ↗ 161 000 | ↗ 194 200 | ↗ 206 562 | ↘ 146 495 | ↗ 157 600 | ↗ 179 000 |
| 1931 | 1939 | 1956 | 1959 | 1962 | 1964 | 1966 |
| ↗ 200 900 | ↗ 406 000 | ↗ 565 000 | ↗ 646 806 | ↗ 711 000 | ↗ 742 000 | ↗ 804 000 |
| 1967 | 1970 | 1973 | 1975 | 1976 | 1979 | 1982 |
| ↗ 821 000 | ↗ 868 537 | ↗ 919 000 | ↗ 959 000 | → 959 000 | ↗ 992 675 | ↗ 1 023 000 |
| 1985 | 1986 | 1987 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 |
| ↗ 1 051 000 | ↗ 1 060 000 | ↗ 1 068 000 | ↗ 1 094 378 | ↘ 1 094 000 | ↗ 1 105 000 | ↘ 1 104 000 |
| 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 |
| ↘ 1 098 000 | ↘ 1 092 000 | ↘ 1 076 000 | → 1 076 000 | ↗ 1 085 000 | ↘ 1 078 000 | ↗ 1 100 800 |
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 |
| ↗ 1 101 000 | ↘ 1 090 200 | ↗ 1 105 289 | ↗ 1 105 300 | ↗ 1 106 900 | ↗ 1 110 000 | ↗ 1 112 700 |
| 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 |
| ↗ 1 116 000 | ↗ 1 120 238 | ↗ 1 130 717 | ↗ 1 143 535 | ↗ 1 145 424 | ↗ 1 161 308 | ↗ 1 176 187 |
| 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | |||
| ↗ 1 190 850 | ↗ 1 205 651 | ↗ 1 216 965 | ↗ 1 231 878 | |||
Story
Khan periodBeing founded as a north-western outpost of the Bulgars, Kazan did not play a significant role in the life of the Volga Bulgaria for a long time, and therefore it is impossible to accurately assess the population of the city. The first estimates of the population of Kazan date back to the era of the Kazan Khanate: by the middle of the 16th century, from ≈25,000 to 100,000 people lived in the city, mostly Tatars by nationality. The subsequent capture of the city in 1552 was accompanied by complete ruin and depopulation, the population of Kazan fell many times over, while the national composition of the city also changes dramatically - it becomes predominantly Russian.
Imperial period
According to the general census of 1738, 192,422 people lived in Kazan, which is more than in any other city of the Empire. However, although such statements are found in some sources, it is incorrect to call Kazan the largest city in Russia at that time, since in the general (general) census, the population of the city was taken into account with the county with an area of \u200b\u200babout 5 thousand km², which also included numerous peasants from the district villages and villages . With some stretch, it can be said in modern terms that in the middle of the 18th century, Kazan had the most populated metropolitan area (complete urban agglomeration) in the Russian Empire.
In 1907, 81.7% of Kazanians were Russians.
Soviet period
A tangible demographic failure is associated with the revolution and the Civil War that followed it - in 3 years the population is reduced by more than a quarter.
Subsequently, throughout the entire Soviet period of history, Kazan experienced significant growth. In the pre-war years of intensive industrialization, a sharp increase was associated with the creation of new industrial sites in the river and eastern parts of the city and the command and administrative attraction of labor for their construction and subsequent work at new plants and factories. The city's population has doubled.
During the Great Patriotic War, Kazan received a significant number of large factories and all-Union scientific organizations evacuated from the western and northwestern parts of the country, along with a large number of civilians. The population of the city almost doubled, and after the war, a significant part of the evacuees settled in Kazan, increasing its total number by almost one and a half times.
In the following decades, the significant growth of the city continued due to urbanization. Due to the fact that in the rural areas of the TASSR, from where the bulk of migration to the city originated, Tatars predominated, the shares of the Russian and Tatar populations are first equalized to parity values, and by the end of the Soviet period, the Tatar share began to prevail and increase further.
The millionth resident of the city was born in 1979 . Contrary to the belief even of some Kazanians, this was not achieved artificially by joining the large exclave settlements of Yudino and Derbyshki, which became part of the city long (four decades) before that.
Modern period
Depopulation observed since the early 1990s. in almost all Russian cities, including millionaires, it did not appear in Kazan, and the city continued to grow. In the list of Russian cities in terms of population, the city has risen from 10th to 6th place. Although the birth rate continued to remain below the death rate until 2009 (when natural population growth was recorded), the resulting growth in the city's population was associated with migration influx and the inclusion of new settlements within the city. At the same time, the population of the annexed territories was about 20 thousand people (about 14 thousand in 14 villages in 1998, about 2 thousand in 2 villages in 2001, about 4 thousand in 5 villages in 2008), and population growth city amounted to 52 thousand people. A larger (by another 30 thousand people) increase in the city's population due to the proposed and defended in 2003-2004. The administration of the mayor of Kazan Iskhakov failed to increase the territory of the city by annexing Vasilyevo and the surrounding area due to the fact that these plans met with opposition from the district authorities and were not supported by the republican leadership.
According to the master plan for the development of the city that has been in force since 2007, due to some further annexation of new territories to the city and the development of them and previously annexed lands through the construction of new quarters of mass multi-storey residential development and settlements of individual cottage construction, it is planned to increase the population of the city to 1 million 123 thousand in 2010, 1 million 180 thousand in 2020 and 1 million 500 thousand in 2050. In 2010, the planned figures were exceeded - the population of the city amounted to 1 million 139 thousand.
In addition, the already partially implemented and planned further virtually seamless expansion of Kazan in the western direction (Zalesny - Orekhovka - Vasilyevo), including the construction of a 100,000-strong “sleeping” multi-storey satellite city “Salavat Kupere” starting from 2012 under the social mortgage program after Zalesny and the future creation by the republican authorities between Vasilyevo and Zelenodolsk of another satellite city "Zeleny Dol" for 157 thousand people. , make it possible in the future to join Kazan from its agglomeration not only Orekhovka, Vasilyevo, but also these satellite cities and 100,000-strong Zelenodolsk.
Kazan is one of the most multinational territories in Russia: representatives of over 115 nationalities live in the city. The two largest nationalities in Kazan are Russians (48.6% or 554.5 thousand people according to the 2010 census) and Tatars (47.6% or 542.2 thousand people). Also in the city are Chuvashs (0.8% or 9.0 thousand people), Ukrainians (0.4% or 4.8 thousand people), Mari (0.3% or 3.7 thousand people). ), Bashkirs (0.2% or 1.8 thousand people), Udmurts (0.1% or 1.4 thousand people), etc.
According to Rosstat, the population of Tatarstan is represented by one hundred and fifteen nationalities, the total number of which is about four million people (3885253 according to 2017). Of this number, seventy-six percent of the people live in cities. In terms of density, the population of Tatarstan is rather densely settled: an average of fifty-seven people per square kilometer. Forty-seven percent of the total number of workers in the republic, which is a lot.
About the republic
The Republic of Tatarstan is a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, which is part of the Volga Federal District as part of the economic region of the Volga region. It was formed in May 1920 with the name of the Tatar SSR with its capital in Kazan. Geographically, it is located next to the Ulyanovsk, Kirov, Orenburg, Samara regions, Chuvashia, Udmurtia, Mari El and Bashkorstan. The Republic of Tatarstan has two state languages - Tatar and Russian, Chuvash is also widely spoken.
The population of Tatarstan has inhabited these territories since ancient times. The location is very favorable: the center of European Russia, the East European Plain with fertile lands, two great rivers - Kama and Volga - flow here and merge into one. The population of Tatarstan willingly and often visits Moscow, since the capital of Russia is only eight hundred kilometers away. The total area of the republic is 67,836 square kilometers: two hundred and ninety kilometers from south to north and four hundred and sixty from east to west.
protected area
There are mostly plains, forests and forest-steppes with small hills (the right bank of the Volga and the southwest), ninety percent of the territory is not higher than two hundred meters in relation to sea level. The forests here are very rich in berries, mushrooms, animals. More than eighteen percent of the territory is covered with them: huge oaks, fragrant lindens, aspens, birches, and in thickets - conifers: pines, firs, fir. The places are exceptionally beautiful, with a rich history and preserved folk traditions.
It is not surprising that more than one hundred and fifty protected areas are located here on approximately one hundred and fifty thousand hectares, which is more than two percent of the total area. These are the Volzhsko-Kama reserves, where more than seventy species of rare plants and sixty-eight species of animals coexist, which are already scarce on Earth, as well as the Nizhnyaya Kama National Park with exceptional forests.
Rest of the territory
Tatarstan is rich not only in forests. There is an abundance of valuable minerals, and the main resource that the republic is supplied with subsoil is oil, which is about eight hundred million tons, and more than a billion tons in production forecasts. Along the way, and everywhere, natural gas is also produced.
Tatarstan is also rich in coal deposits, one hundred and eight deposits have already been discovered. There are industrial-scale reserves of dolomites, limestone, a lot of building materials - clay and sand, suitable for making bricks, which is what the factories of Tatarstan are doing. There are building stone, gypsum, gravel mixtures, peat. Quite promising are the reserves of oil bitumen, oil shale, copper, bauxite and much more.
Water
Tatarstan is not only a republic of forests, which the flag of Tatarstan symbolically depicts with a green stripe, it is a republic of rivers and lakes, although the blue color is not present on the flag. One hundred and seventy-seven kilometers flows through the territory of Tatarstan, the beautiful Volga, and the full-flowing Kama - all three hundred and eighty. And how many more tributaries, rivers, streams! Sixty kilometers the Vyatka River runs through the republic and fifty - Belaya. The total flow is two hundred thirty-four billion cubic meters per year.
It is difficult to enumerate all five hundred rivers that fill Tatarstan with drinking water, and it is impossible to count constantly flowing streams at least ten kilometers long. Water resources do not stop there: there are two largest reservoirs in the country - Nizhnekamsk and Kuibyshev. And two more - smaller: Karabashskoye and Zainskoye. And more than eight thousand lakes and ponds. And underground waters in the republic have huge reserves, including mineral ones - from fresh to slightly salty.
Cities of Tatarstan
First of all, you need to tell at least briefly about the capital of Tatarstan - Kazan. This is a large port on the Volga and one of the largest political, scientific, economic, educational, sports, cultural and religious centers in Russia. The Kazan Kremlin is a UNESCO site. Not so long ago, Kazan registered a brand and is now rightfully called the third capital of Russia.
This is not surprising, since other cities of Tatarstan do not have a thousand-year history. Yes, and in Russia there are few of them. Tourism is very developed here. Such famous cities as Yelabuga, Bugulma, Chistopol are worthy of a separate article, one can talk a lot about them. But now it makes sense to dwell on industrial ones in more detail.
Industry
Naberezhnye Chelny, a city that for several years in a row bore the name of Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. Founded in 1626. It is famous for its industry - KamAZ OJSC, Tatelektromash Production Association, a mechanical repair plant, as well as the Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric power station - this is truly a treasure. In addition to industrial giants, there are many different smaller factories. There are several universities, theaters, museums.
The city of Zelenodolsk is on the Volga, founded in 1865. Mechanical engineering, a famous shipbuilding plant, a furniture and clothing factory are developed here. Students study at a branch of Kazan University. Nizhnekamsk is a city of oil workers and students, since the main oil production and processing are located here, plus four eminent universities for such a small city. Also one of the largest oil centers is Almetyevsk, a young city, but already famous. There are many factories here - machine-building, pipe, tire, building materials. The Druzhba gas pipeline and several oil pipelines begin in Almetyevsk.
History of Tatarstan
History says that in the territories where the Republic of Tatarstan is now located, ancient settlements were already in the eighth century BC. Later, the state of the Volga Bulgars was formed, in the Middle Ages the Mongols reigned here, then Tatarstan was a subject of the Golden Horde. In the fifteenth century, the Kazan Khanate declared itself, and in the sixteenth century, it fell at the hands of the Moscow Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, nicknamed the Terrible. In 1552, Kazan was included in the Muscovite state. Tataria received its name only in 1920 with the light hand of V.I. Lenin, before that no one had called these territories either Tatarstan or Tataria.
Today Tatarstan is the sixth region of the Russian Federation in terms of production with one and a half trillion rubles of GRP. The share of Tatarstan in the country's production is very large, it is a donor region. In short: polyethylene - 51.9% of the total production in the country, rubber - 41.9%, cars - 30.5%, tires - 33.6%, oil production - 6.6% and so on. The flag of Tatarstan proudly flies over the country - a green-white-red flag, symbolizing spring, purity and life. On the republican emblem there is a winged leopard on a solar disk, a symbol of fertility, and, as the history of Tatarstan in ancient legends testifies, it is an ancient patron of children.
Culture and religion
Tatarstan was originally located at the junction of the largest civilizations - Western and Eastern, and this is precisely what explains such a variety of richness of culture. It is home to two World Heritage Sites that have been included by UNESCO in this famous list. The most popular is the Kazan Kremlin with majestic symbols of the peaceful coexistence of two religions - the Annunciation Cathedral and the Kul Sharif Mosque. A historical and architectural reserve and an art museum have been created on the territory of the Kremlin. The second object is Ancient Bolgar, the former capital of Volga Bulgaria. In addition, Tatarstan is a territory of a high level of culture and art. More than eight hundred magazines and newspapers are published here in the Chuvash, Udmurt, Tatar and Russian languages. There are many museums, theaters, a strong national tradition in all manifestations of art.
According to the Constitution, Tatarstan is a secular state, all confessions are separated from it and absolutely equal before the law. And there are more than a thousand associations of different religions here. The most numerous are Islam and Orthodoxy. Islam in Tatarstan is preached in the Sunni direction, and it was adopted as the official religion more than a thousand years ago - in 992. For the most part, the population of Tatarstan professes Islam. However, numerous Russians, Maris, Chuvashs, Udmurts, Kryashens and Mordovians chose Orthodoxy for themselves.
Power
The highest official in the republic is the President. In 1991, the first president of Tatarstan, Mintimer Shaimiev, was elected and remained in this post until 2010. After that, he became a state adviser, and Rustam Minnikhanov took his place.
The president of Tatarstan has not changed yet, but just recently, the prime minister of the republic, Ildar Khalikov, left of his own free will, who switched to a more "lively" job and became the general director of "Tatenergo", still heading the boards of directors of all companies in the energy sector of Tatarstan .
(November 17, 2015) Representatives of which ethnic groups have increased in number, which have decreased, how many new ones have appeared? These and other questions were answered by specialists from the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan and the State Statistics Committee of Tatarstan.
In a large and varied exposition, prepared for the 95th anniversary of the TASSR, an ethnographic map of the Tatar ASSR was presented at the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan. In 1920, on the basis of the last census, it was compiled by the literary critic Shagar Sharaf. Moreover, in two languages - Tatar in Arabic script and Russian. In 1925, the map was revised to reflect changes in the cantons (districts). If in 1922 there were thirteen of them: Arsky, Bugulminsky, Buinsky, Laishevsky, Mamadyshsky, Menzelinsky, Sviyazhsky, Spassky, Tetyushsky, Chistopolsky, Yelabuga, Chelninsky, Agryzsky, then in 1924 there were already twelve.
It is noticeable on the map that the Russians lived along the banks of the Volga, Kama and Vyatka rivers, as well as near the cities and in the cities themselves: Kazan, Sviyazhsk, Laishev, Spassk, Tetyushi, Yelabuga, Chelny, Mamadysh, Menzelinsk, Bugulma, Chistopol, Buinsk and Arsk. Tatars were settled throughout the republic, but prevailed in rural areas. The Chuvashs and Mordovians are located mainly in the southern, southeastern and southwestern regions. Mari and Votyaks (Udmurts) are concentrated in the northern, northeastern and southeastern parts of the republic.
According to the 1920 census, the national composition of cities and villages of the Tatar Republic differed significantly, - comments, showing an ethnographic map, senior researcher at the department of history and culture of the National Museum of the Republic of Tatarstan Vera Ivanova. - Among the rural population, the share of Tatars was 55.1%, Russians - 36.5%, Chuvash - 5.4%, Mordovians - 1.5%, Votyaks (Udmurts) - 0.9%, Mari - 0.5% , others - 0.1%. In the cities, on the contrary, the Russian population dominated, their share was 74.8%, while the Tatars accounted for 22.2%, the rest - 3%.
Kazan was one of the largest cities in the republic in terms of population, in 1920 representatives of 50 nationalities lived in it. Russians made up 73.95%, Tatars - 19.43%, Jews - 3.47%, Chuvashs - 0.4%, Maris - 0.09%, others - 2.69%. Others included relatively large groups of Poles, Letts, Germans, Lithuanians, Magyars, Hungarians, Estonians, Mordovians, Armenians, Greeks, Votyaks, and French.
According to the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Tatarstan, now Tatarstan is one of the most multinational territories of Russia, where 173 ethnic groups live. According to the last census of 2010, Tatars (including Astrakhan and Siberian) prevail among the peoples living in the republic. Russians are in second place, Chuvashs are in third, and Udmurts are in fourth. The fifth largest are the Mordovians, the sixth are the Mari, the seventh are the Ukrainians, the eighth are the Bashkirs.
In Kazan, the proportion of Russians is 48.6%, Tatars - 47.6%, in Naberezhnye Chelny, on the contrary, Tatars predominate in terms of numbers. There are more of them in all municipal districts of the republic, with the exception of nine, in which there is a high proportion of the Russian population. These are Alekseevsky, Bugulminsky, Verkhneuslonsky, Yelabuga, Zelenodolsky, Laishevsky, Novosheshminsky, Spassky and Chistopolsky districts. Approximately equal numbers of Tatars and Russians in the Tetyushsky municipal district: Tatars - 32.7%, Russians - 35.7%.
In addition to Russians and Tatars, a significant part of the population of other nationalities lives in the regions of Tatarstan. In the Aksubayevsky district of the republic, the Chuvash make up the majority - 44.0%, in the Drozhzhanovsky district they are 41.1%, in Nurlatsky - 25.3%, in Cheremshansky - 22.8%, in Tetyushsky - 20.9%, in Buinsky 19, 9%, in Alkeevsky 19.2%. Udmurts live in Kukmorsky district - 14.0%, in Baltasinsky - 11.9%, in Agryzsky - 6.4%, in Bavlinsky - 5.6%.
The peoples who inhabited the territory of the TASSR in 1920:
City of Kazan: Russians - 73.95%, Tatars - 19.43%, Jews - 3.47%, Chuvash - 0.4%, Mari - 0.09%, others - 2.69%.
Sviyazhsky district: Tatars - 38.2%, Russians - 60.0%, Chuvashs - 1.8%;
Tetyushsky district: Tatars - 58.8%, Russians - 32.2%, Chuvashs - 6.3%, Mordovians - 2.7%;
Buinsky district: Tatars - 56.0%, Russians - 13.0%, Chuvashs - 26.2%, Mordovians - 4.8%;
Arsk region: Tatars - 64.0%, Russians - 32.3%, Chuvashs - 0.2%, Votyaks - 2.7%, Maris - 0.7%, others - 0.1%;
Laishevsky district: Tatars - 49.9%, Russians - 50.0%, others - 0.1%;
Mamadyshsky district: Tatars - 70.2%, Russians - 24.6%, Votyaks - 4.1%, Mari - 1.1%;
Yelabuga region: Tatars - 50.6%, Russians - 43.8%, Votyaks - 2.1%, Mari - 3.5%;
Spassky district: Tatars - 37.8%, Russians - 50.7%, Chuvashs - 8.3%, Mordovians - 3.1%, others - 0.1%;
Chistopol region: Tatars - 36.4%, Russians - 46.1%, Chuvashs - 15.7%, Mordovians - 1.7%, others - 0.1%;
Chelninsky district: Tatars - 59.0%, Russians - 38.2%, Chuvashs - 1.3%, Mordovians - 1.5%;
Menzelinsky district: Tatars - 78.8%, Russians - 19.1%, Chuvashs - 0.2%, Maris - 1.8%, others - 0.1%;
Bugulma region: Tatars - 62.3%, Russians - 27.3%, Chuvashs - 4.6%, Mordovians - 4.3%, Votyaks - 1.0%, others - 0.5%.
