Adults do not always pay due attention to the daily routine of schoolchildren. And in vain, because it is during the school years that the most important stage in the growth and development of the child's body falls. During this period, nervous activity develops, the main character traits are formed, the knowledge and skills necessary in life are acquired, and health is strengthened.

When a child sleeps, studies, eats and rests always at the same time, he develops the habit of such an alternation of activities. This alternation, repeating from day to day, creates a system of conditioned reflexes in the cerebral cortex, an internal stereotype. Thanks to an internal stereotype, the body tunes in to a particular activity by a certain hour. Subject to the daily routine, the mental activity of the student will also be more productive.

The daily routine of a student should be built taking into account his physiological, age and individual capabilities.

School day routine.DIET:

It is important to observe the diet of the student. If the child is fed when necessary, then usually he himself does not ask for food. And children, who are used to having lunch at the same time, already say in 10-15 minutes that they want to eat, because. they have developed a reflex for this time. And this is quite natural - the food center is excited in the brain, the digestive glands secrete juices, appetite appears, the body is ready to take food and it will assimilate it in the best way.

For a first grader, it plays a special role. After all, the workload increases significantly, and new responsibilities require greater composure. The regime disciplines, helps to get used to the new conditions of life.

Doctors insist on strict adherence, emphasizing that this way you can save the student from overexcitability and irritability. Only with its help you will maintain the child's normal working capacity not just during the day, but throughout the entire school year. The daily routine that we offer is also suitable for younger students in other grades - our schedule is designed taking into account the time required to complete homework.

According to scientists, it is possible to distinguish two peak performance during the day. The first is 8-11 am, when the child is at school. After this time, the quality indicators of performance in the body fall. The second peak - 16-18 pm. Then follows an intense decline.

Vitaly Stepnov, pediatrician: “It is impossible not to reckon with the peaks of the child's ability to work. Parents often wonder why, after all the circles and sections, the child does homework for so long, although until recently he was cheerful. Yes, because he gets tired in the evening! The peak of the body's performance has already passed, and now it's time for him to rest, despite the fact that the child can have fun playing or running around the apartment.

Basic rules of the daily routine for a first grader

A first grader should sleep at least 10 hours, plus - daytime sleep, to which the body is accustomed. Therefore, try to ensure that he goes to bed no later than 9 pm and gets up at 7 am.

Immediately after school, take a walk with your child for at least 40 minutes. Only then go to lunch - let work up an appetite. In addition, elementary school students must walk for 3 hours a day.

Lunch should be at 13.30-14.00. After that, give your fidget plenty of rest. There is no need to immediately seat him for lessons - now he has a decline in working capacity, so nothing good will come of this venture anyway.

Even if the child no longer sleeps during the day, he can come home and fall asleep immediately. This means that the body is exhausted. Give your child a chance to rest.

Only when the child has eaten and rested, you can sit down for lessons. Homework in first grade has been cancelled, but when your child moves into the next grade of elementary school, remember that 30-60 minutes is the maximum for this class. The optimal time is 16.00-17.00.

Valentina Filenko, child psychologist: “When it's time for homework, don't force your child to quickly drop toys and sit down for homework. Wait for the moment when he puts aside one toy and takes on the second. If you interrupt the process of the game, the need to complete homework will take on a negative connotation.

After preparing homework, the child can go to the section or circle. The road there can be combined with a walk. Do not forget that you need to be in the fresh air for at least three hours a day.

No homework tonight! Can't make it to the circle? It is better to postpone one lesson than to reschedule the lessons for the evening.

The overexcitation that has accumulated during the day must be removed by a walk. Do not think that evening dancing and unprecedented activity indicate that the child is not tired. Take a walk with your child before bed to relieve stress. If we go to bed at 21.00, then it is worth starting the walk no later than 19.30, immediately after dinner.

You can watch TV for no longer than 45 minutes a day, and it is better to do without it at all. You can’t watch it lying down, only sitting and at a distance of 2-2.5 m from the screen. And after an evening walk, it’s better not to sit down at the screen, but to take a warm shower, drink a glass of warm milk and go to bed.

Going to bed should be calm, without talking about daytime difficulties. and without reminders of annoying mistakes or failures of the past day.

First grader's daily routine: sample

• 7.00 climb
• 7.00-7.30 water procedures, exercise
• 7.30-7.50 breakfast
• 7.50-8.20 road to school
• 8.30-12.30 school lessons
• 11.00 lunch
• 12.30-13.00 way home (preferably fresh air)
• 13.00-13.30 dinner
• 13.30-14.30 afternoon rest, but better sleep
• 14.30-15.00 afternoon tea
• 15.00-16.00 walk, play, sports
• 16.00-17.00 hometasks
• 17.00-19.00 stroll
• 19.00-20.00 dinner and free activities (reading, helping mom around the house, games, etc.)
• 20.00-20.30 Preparation for sleep
• 20.30-7.00 dream

First grader diet

1. First-grader meals should be five times a day: breakfast at home, lunch at school, lunch, afternoon tea and dinner.
2. A hot breakfast for a child is required. Hot porridge is best, but we know that with much more pleasure, kids pounce on cereal. Make sure the cereal is whole grain and the milk is warm. You can pamper your child with cheesecakes, pancakes, scrambled eggs - a variety of food is also very important.
3. Breakfast should be calm and measured. No "Hurry, we're late!" It is better to wake the child up half an hour earlier than later you will adjust it. For health (both physical and psychological) there is nothing worse than the stress that is created by the limitation of time.
4. For lunch, the child should offer a light soup.(no need to cook a strong meat broth - it is not useful for a growing body). The second dish should not be spicy, fried, fatty. Do not serve mayonnaise or ketchup (unless natural, without additives). Add plenty of vegetables to your dinner, such as a large salad.
5. For an afternoon snack, fresh fruit, pancakes or pancakes are perfect. Additionally, please your baby with fresh cocoa.
6. Dinner should be light but satisfying. The child should not eat for the whole day. If he goes to bed at 21.00, then we sit down to have dinner at 18.00-19.00, no later than.
7. Food should be varied. We mean not just the composition of the products, but also. After all, children are more willing to eat if the plate is decorated with funny faces, or products of several colors lie beautifully on it.

Circles and sections in the daily routine of a first grader

Physiologists do not recommend starting school in parallel with the basics of dance steps or the first blows of kung fu. It is better to do this a year before school or already from the second grade. In the first class, the loads should be minimal.

If you see that it is difficult for a child to cope with studies, combining it with a circle started a year ago, it is better to postpone classes for a year. But be sure to listen to the opinion of your student: if he really likes extra classes, leave one section, and “pause” the second.

Remember that at this time the child really needs our support. No need to constantly tell him what to do, focus on school difficulties, demand excellent results and scold him for sloppy notebooks.

You must be one team: let the child feel that he has protection, that his parents are on his side. And observe. Good luck to you and your little student!

A properly planned daily routine organizes the child, helps to be collected and tidy. Schoolchildren of junior and senior classes should have their own daily routine, which would correspond to the peculiarities of the physiology of a particular age.

In elementary school, special attention is paid to such processes as learning perseverance, attention, and memorization. In a small schoolchild, these processes are not yet mature, but at the stage of active development. A high school student should focus on perseverance, since he is able to write, read and memorize information, but due to entering puberty, perseverance is replaced by laziness.

For all age groups, it is very important not only to develop your intellect, but also to take care of your physical health.

How to build your day so that you have time for everything, do not get tired and stay healthy?

Rise at 6.30 - 7.00.
The student's day should begin with an active awakening: pouring cold water on the face, arms and legs. Such an express method of awakening will not only force all the forces of the body to mobilize, but also has a tempering moment.

Breakfast at 7.10 – 7.30
Prepare a delicious hot dish for breakfast for the student. Breakfast should be rich and high-calorie. Do not worry about the figure of the child - all these calories will be "eaten up" by the brain during the first hours of study. It is known that after a rich, hearty breakfast, hunger sets in later, closer to 12 noon, and all the mental activity of a student is aimed at learning, and not at comprehending the feeling of hunger.

Road to school 7.40 – 8.00
Take your child out of the house to school 10-15 minutes earlier, let him spend this extra time on the street, breathing fresh air. The blood is saturated with oxygen, providing the child with a “fresh” head and cheerfulness.

School classes 8.00 – 12.00
Give your child food to snack between breaks. Nuts, sweet buns, sweet tea are very useful for mental activity. A snack should be not so much satisfying as sweet - the brain really needs glucose during the study period. A huge amount of energy is spent by the body on mental and mnestic processes. It would seem that the brain is very small compared to the whole body, but during the tense moments of study, more energy is spent on its maintenance than the muscles when running.

During classes in the classroom, the child's intelligence increases, but health deteriorates:

A long static posture while sitting causes the appearance of scoliosis and scoliotic posture.
Muscles are weakened
Impaired blood supply to the muscles and brain
Periods of short-term but frequent stress harm the nervous system
At the end of the school day, the child is drowsy and tired.
Digestive problems may occur due to irregular and improper diet
Vision is deteriorating

If the child is not taken care of and his regime is not organized, then the school can become, no matter how terrible it sounds, a crippling phenomenon.

For elementary students:

Road home, walk after school, sports section 12.00 - 14.00.
After school, the kid needs some time to “let off steam” in the fresh air. If he fell asleep in the classroom, then on the street he has physical activity, the muscles are saturated with oxygen, fatigue is relieved, his cheeks turn pink.

Daytime sleep 14.00 – 16.00
If a child is accustomed to sleeping during the day from kindergarten, then this rosy-cheeked merry fellow should be put to bed in the afternoon, according to the old habit, having fed him before this hot dinner. Until about 15.00-16.00 the child will have daytime sleep.

Homework 16.00 – 19.00
After a daytime sleep, it's time to do homework with him. It should be remembered that elementary school students get tired very quickly, not to mention their poor perseverance and absent-mindedness. They are given a short time to write continuously - no more than 10 minutes. With continuous reading, they get tired even faster. Therefore, take small breaks for physical activity while reading or writing. After completing one lesson, take a long break and then move on to the next subject. No need to learn lessons until nightfall, a couple of hours is enough. The fact is that after 19.00, the performance of a primary school student drops sharply and everything that he reads or writes will not be deposited in his head. And in order to do all the lessons in a couple of hours, use the game technique in completing the task: if the baby does not understand mathematics well, analyze this example on his favorite toys, and instead of reading, arrange a small one-man show - so the child will remember the images better, and the text will be easy for him .

Walks and sports sections, time for communication with family and friends 19.00 - 21.00
After 19.00 it's time for active walks or sports sections. In school years, it is best to give the child to mobile, playing sports or the pool. Of course, it’s good if you bring up a comprehensively developed personality in your child, speaking five languages, understanding the paintings of Van Gogh and Picasso, embroidering with a cross, satin stitch and ribbons. But, alas, health with such a lifestyle will not increase. Ideally, if you manage to combine all the circles of interest (often the interests of the parents, not the child) - both sports and handicraft-intellectual, but, nevertheless, you need to choose in favor of sports and physical development.

Sleep 21.00 – 7.00
Night sleep for a primary school student should begin no later than 22.00. Before going to bed, parents should try as much as possible to balance the mental state of the child: reduce his activity, calm him down. To do this, dim the lights in the apartment, eliminate all noisy sources (TV, radio), give the child warm milk with honey to drink, and ventilate the bedroom. In this case, immersion in sleep will be physiological, without overexcitation.

For high school students.

Adult students do not need to sleep during the day. But it is necessary to unload the nervous and musculoskeletal system. For this, the same walks after school and sports sections are recommended. A senior student can go to the section both immediately after school and after 19.00.

It is best to learn lessons from 15.00 to 20.00. After 20.00, the student's work capacity decreases, memory deteriorates. It makes no sense to study lessons further - the nervous system is overloaded, the eyes are tired, the head may hurt, symptoms of overwork appear.

High school students have a lot of extracurricular activities - from circles within the school itself to preparation for a university. Sometimes all the time is spent on these preparations, there is no time at all for physical development. It is not right. The lack of training for the muscles entails a violation of posture, the appearance of flat feet, a decrease in tone and the appearance of asthenia. It is important for parents to organize sports activities on weekends in cases of everyday employment of a student. It is clear that strumming the guitar or chatting on the Internet is often more interesting than physical development. Therefore, the important mission of parents is to somehow influence their child and engage in his physical development.

Wake up 7.30 – 8.00

Breakfast, water procedures 8.00 – 9.00
Students of the second shift are advised to get up no later than 8.00. You need to start the day with an invigorating dousing of cold water on the face, arms and legs or a general contrast shower. Then, by all means, have a tasty and hearty breakfast, giving preference to high-calorie, but healthy food.

Homework 9.00 – 11.00
After breakfast, air out the room and do some of the homework.

Lunch, school fees 11.00 - 12.00
Before school, you need to have a hearty lunch. Lunch, unlike breakfast, should consist of meat dishes and, preferably, soup. A hearty meat lunch will allow you to push back the feeling of hunger for a long time.

Classes at the school 13.00 - 17.00

After the lessons, it's time to go to the sports section. For high school students with a heavy workload of additional classes, it is optimal to spend time in sections at least twice on weekdays and always on weekends.

Walks, sections, circles 17.00 - 19.00

Homework 19.00 – 21.00
After 19.00, when the student returns home, you can learn some of the lessons. Go to bed no later than 22.00-23.00.

The life of a student cannot be regulated by lessons and strict discipline. The child has a lot of other important things to do - friends, a computer, a skateboard, shopping, riding a "bike" and much more.

Important! At the beginning of the week, the child is trained in the learning process. It lasts until the middle of the week, when there is a peak performance. By the end of the week, performance drops sharply, especially heavy days are Thursday and Friday. If we consider the working capacity during the day, then it reaches its peak by 12.00-13.00 and by 16.00-19.00.

Based on weekly peaks of efficiency, it is necessary to plan the schedule of sections for Tuesday and Wednesday, as well as weekends. On weekdays, a child attending school on the second shift should go to the section immediately after school, and on weekends - after 10.00 or in the evening from 16.00-19.00

A separate difficult topic is the computer and TV in the schoolchildren's daily routine. Nowadays, all children, starting from the cradle, know how to handle technology. By the time they leave school, many children become gamers. This formidable trend worries both parents and pediatricians with psychologists. It is extremely difficult to wean a child from a computer, because it is very difficult to give up the attachment formed in childhood. Therefore, only by their personal example, parents can show the child that there are many things in life that are much more interesting than a computer. Pediatricians advise to spend no more than 2 hours a week behind the monitor.

Attention! While doing homework, do not distract the child with small tasks: turn off the kettle, open the door, serve some thing. Little things like that distract and disorganize. For subsequent work, the child needs a lot of effort to “get together” and re-integrate into learning.

Make sure that in the evening everything is prepared for school - the clothes are ironed, the shoes are clean, the books are in the backpack. Constant disorganization neuroticizes and slows down the child - he becomes sloppy and forgetful.

Consistency is important for a child - help him go to bed every day and get up at the same time every day, always prepare a fresh breakfast, check the lessons, the main thing is that this should not be forays, but systematically. A child's academic success largely depends on their parents!
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General rules for compiling a regimen and its features during the first and second change of training

Spending time in an organized manner, managing to combine mental and physical activities, finding time for entertainment should be taught to a child from an early age. The daily routine of a primary school student will help the child organize his day, teach him discipline and responsibility.

The general rules are quite simple. First of all, it should be remembered that an indispensable condition for maintaining the child's working capacity is a constant change in activities, i.e. mental activity should alternate with physical.

As a rule, the daily routine of a primary school student contains the following items:

* personal hygiene (30 min.)
* charging (10-15 min.)
* meal (breakfast, second breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack, dinner - 60-90 min.)
* school activities (depending on requirements)
* doing homework (depending on age and workload)
* walk, entertainment (60-120 min.)
* way to school / home (depending on distance)
* time to sleep

Additionally, the following items can be included in the daytime routine of a younger student:

* home help
* visiting sections, circles, additional classes
* daytime nap (60 min.)
* Reading books
* watching cartoons or computer games (no more than 30 minutes per day)

Undoubtedly, the list is not limited to these additions.

What should be remembered when compiling and observing the daily routine?

When setting out the daily routine on paper, it should be remembered that not all important points can be written in a small column. This problem can be solved by using footnotes or separately designed sets of rules for one or another item of the regime. So, for example, while doing homework, you need to take breaks: walk around the room, do a couple of simple physical exercises, do gymnastics for the eyes. This helps reduce fatigue. It is also an excellent prevention of the development of scoliosis and visual impairment.
It has been scientifically proven that the best hours for mental stress are from 8.00 to 12.00. Therefore, the ideal option for a student is training in the first shift.

The time frame for doing homework is regulated by SanPin 2.4.2. - 576 - 96 and are as follows:

* in the 1st grade (from the second half of the year) - up to 1 hour.
* in the 2nd grade - up to 1.5 hours.
* in grades 3-4 up to - 2 hours.

The time of going to bed should be strictly unchanged. Junior students should sleep 9.5 - 11 hours a day.
It should also be borne in mind that, in general, the daily routine of a second grader will be very similar in content to the daily routine of a first grader. But in grades 3 and 4, the overall school load increases significantly, including the amount of homework, and, consequently, the time allotted for completing lessons also increases.

Drawing up and designing the daily routine is best done together with the child, taking into account his wishes and suggestions. Of course, the daily routine of a 1st grade student will take into account the wishes and requirements of the parents themselves as much as possible, this is understandable, because first-graders still know little about school life.

But the older the child, the more independence in drawing up his own daily routine, he needs to be provided. So, for example, fourth-graders are already quite adults. Therefore, if we make a daily routine for a 4th grade student together and discuss all the details for its implementation, then parents will have an excellent control tool in their hands, and more importantly, the child’s self-control.

The finished routine of the day must be beautifully drawn up on a piece of paper and hung in a conspicuous place.

Features of the organization of the day regimen of students of the first shift

Compared to second-shift students, such students run the risk of oversleeping in the morning and being late for classes. The first-graders who have not attended kindergarten and are not accustomed to getting up so early get used to the new regime the hardest. The only correct action of parents in such a situation is to uncompromisingly put the child to bed early. A first-grader is recommended to sleep at least 10-11 hours.

Charging in the morning is important for everyone, but especially for schoolchildren studying on the first shift. A few minutes of exercise will help relieve drowsiness and recharge your batteries for the whole day.
Be sure to teach your child to eat breakfast and always send him to school fed. New knowledge is best obtained on a full stomach.

Returning home from school, the child should have a full lunch. It is not recommended to immediately sit down for lessons. You can take a few minutes to relax or do household chores. This will help relieve mental stress after long hours of study. The optimal time for doing homework is from 15.00 to 17.00.

Features of the organization of the day regimen of students of the second shift

Naturally, the daily routine of a primary school student studying on the second shift will differ significantly from the daily routine of schoolchildren starting in the morning, but the basic principles of drawing up a daily routine should be preserved.

Traditionally, and not unreasonably, it is believed that first-shift students are in a better position, as there is a feeling that they have more free time. In addition, as already mentioned, the best working hours are considered to be the time from 8.00 to 12.00. Second shift students should use this time to prepare their homework.

Clubs and sports sections can be visited both before doing homework and after it. If there is a choice, it is still better to do the lessons first, and then go to additional classes. Firstly, the important principle of alternating mental and physical or creative activity will be observed. And secondly, the child will receive additional motivation: to complete the task faster in order to have time to visit the circle.

The daily routine of a younger student on a day off

The student's day regimen on Sunday and Saturday should not differ significantly (if the child is on a five-day week). Wake-up time can be extended, but no more than 60-90 minutes. Otherwise, the entire mode may be knocked down. Personal hygiene, eating, bedtime remain unchanged. The time freed from attending school is recommended to be spent on communication with the family, walks, games, sports and cultural trips.

The daily routine of a student is a schedule of wakefulness and sleep, alternation of various activities and rest during the day.
The state of health, physical development, working capacity and academic performance at school depend on how well the student’s daily routine is organized.
Most of the day students are in the family. Therefore, parents should know the hygiene requirements for the daily routine of the student and, guided by them, help their children in the correct organization of the daily routine.
The child's organism needs certain conditions for its growth and development, since its life is in the closest connection with the environment, in unity with it. The connection of the organism with the external environment, its adaptation to the conditions of existence are established with the help of the nervous system, through the so-called reflexes, i.e., the response of the nervous system of the organism to external influences.
The external environment includes natural factors of nature, such as light, air, water, and social factors - housing, food, conditions at school and at home, rest.
Unfavorable changes in the external environment lead to diseases, lagging behind in physical development, and a decrease in the efficiency and academic performance of the student. Parents must properly organize the conditions in which the student prepares homework, rests, eats, sleeps so as to ensure the best implementation of this activity or rest.
The basis of a properly organized school day regimen is a certain rhythm, a strict alternation of individual elements of the regime. When performing in a certain sequence, at the same time, individual elements of the daily regimen, complex connections are created in the central nervous system that facilitate the transition from one type of activity to another and their implementation with the least expenditure of energy. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly adhere to a certain time of getting up and going to bed, preparing homework, meals, that is, following a certain, established daily routine. All elements of the regime must be subordinated to this basic provision.
The daily routine of a schoolchild is built taking into account age-related characteristics and, above all, taking into account the age-related characteristics of the activity of the nervous system. As the student grows and develops, his nervous system improves, its endurance to greater stress increases, the body gets used to doing more work without fatigue. Therefore, the usual workload for schoolchildren of middle or senior school age is excessive, unbearable for younger schoolchildren.
This article deals with the daily routine for healthy schoolchildren. In children with poor health, infected with worms, with tuberculosis intoxication, patients with rheumatism, as well as in children recovering from such infectious diseases as measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, the body's endurance to the usual load is reduced and therefore the daily routine should be somewhat different. When organizing a student's daily routine, it is important to seek advice from a school or district doctor. The doctor, guided by the state of health of the student, will indicate the features of the regimen necessary for him.

A well-organized school day includes:

1. Proper alternation of work and rest.
2. Regular meals.
3. Sleep of a certain duration, with the exact time of getting up and going to bed.
4. A certain time for morning exercises and hygiene procedures.
5. Set time for doing homework.
6. A certain duration of rest with a maximum stay in the open air.

7.00 - Waking up (waking up late will not give the child time to wake up well - drowsiness may persist for a long time)

7.00-7.30 - Morning exercises (it will help to make it easier to switch from sleep to wakefulness and energize), water procedures, bed making, toilet

7.30 -7.50 - Morning breakfast

7.50 - 8.20 - Road to school or morning walk before school starts

8.30 - 12.30 - Classes at school

12.30 - 13.00 - The road from school or a walk after school

13.00 -13.30 - Lunch (if for some reason you exclude hot breakfasts at school, then the child must go to lunch if he attends an extended day group)

13.30 - 14.30 - Afternoon rest or sleep (it is difficult for a modern child to put to bed after dinner, but a quiet rest is necessary)

14.30 - 16.00 - Walk or play and outdoor sports

16.00 - 16.15 - Afternoon snack

16.15 - 17.30 - Homework preparation

17.30 - 19.00 - Outdoor walks

19.00 - 20.00 - Dinner and free activities (reading, music lessons, quiet games, manual labor, helping the family, foreign language classes, etc.)

20.30 - Getting ready for bed (hygienic measures - cleaning clothes; shoes, washing)

The child should sleep for about 10 hours. They must get up at 7 o'clock in the morning and go to bed at 20.30 - 21.00, and the elders - at 22.00, at the latest - at 22.30.

You can change jobs. based on your child's preferences and priorities, it's important to keep alternating between work and rest.

Each student's day should begin with morning exercises, which is not without reason called charging, as it drives away the remnants of drowsiness and, as it were, gives a charge of vivacity for the whole coming day. A set of morning exercises is best coordinated with a physical education teacher. On the advice of the school doctor, exercises are included in gymnastics that correct posture disorders.
Gymnastic exercises should be carried out in a well-ventilated room, in the warm season - with an open window or in the fresh air. The body, if possible, should be naked (it is necessary to practice in panties and slippers), so that the body simultaneously receives an air bath. Gymnastic exercises enhance the work of the heart and lungs, improve metabolism, and have a beneficial effect on the nervous system.
After gymnastics, water procedures are carried out in the form of rubdowns or douches. Water procedures should be started only after talking with the school doctor about the student's health status. The first wiping should be carried out with water at a temperature of 30-28 °, and every 2-3 days the water temperature should be reduced by 1 ° (not lower than 12-13 °), while the temperature in the room should not be lower than 15 °. Gradually, from rubdowns, you can go to douche. Water procedures with a gradual decrease in water temperature increase the body's resistance to sharp temperature fluctuations in the external environment. Consequently, the morning toilet, in addition to hygienic significance, has a hardening effect, improves health, and increases resistance to colds. The entire morning toilet should take no more than 30 minutes. Morning gymnastics followed by water procedures prepares the student's body for the working day.
The main activity of schoolchildren is their educational work at school and at home.. But for the comprehensive development of children it is also very important to accustom them to physical labor; work in the school workshop, in production, in the “Skilled Hands” circles, in the garden, in the garden, helping the mother with the housework. At the same time, children acquire not only labor skills, but also receive physical hardening, strengthen their health. Only the right combination of mental and physical labor contributes to the harmonious development of the student.
For schoolchildren of younger, middle and older age, based on the age characteristics of their central nervous system, a certain duration of school hours is established. It is necessary to take 1 1/2-2 hours for the preparation of home lessons in the daily routine for junior schoolchildren, 2-3 hours for middle classes, and 3-4 hours for senior classes.
With such a long duration of homework, as shown by special studies, children work attentively, with concentration all the time, and by the end of classes remain cheerful, cheerful; there are no noticeable signs of fatigue.
If the preparation of homework is delayed, then the educational material is poorly absorbed, children have to re-read the same thing over and over in order to understand the meaning, they make many mistakes in written work.
The increase in homework preparation time often depends on the fact that many parents force their children to prepare homework as soon as they come home from school. In these cases, the student, after mental labor at school, without having time to rest, immediately receives a new load. As a result, he quickly gets tired, the speed of completing tasks decreases, memorization of new material worsens, and in order to prepare all the lessons well, a diligent student sits at them for many hours.
For example, the mother of a boy, Vova, believes that her son, who is in the 2nd grade of the first shift, should, after coming home from school, eat and do homework, and then go for a walk. Vova K., a very neat, dutiful boy, on the advice of his mother, prepares assignments immediately upon arrival from school, but for some time now doing assignments has become a torment for him, he sits continuously for 3-4 hours, is nervous because learns the learning material. This affected both health and performance. The boy lost weight, turned pale, began to sleep badly, became absent-minded at school, and his academic performance declined.
It is not advisable to prepare lessons immediately upon arrival from school. To learn well the educational material, students must rest. There should be at least 2 1/2 hours of break between school hours and the start of preparing homework. Most of this break, students need to walk or play outdoors.
Students studying in the first shift can start preparing homework no earlier than from 16-17 hours. For students of the second shift, time should be allotted for preparing homework, starting from 8-8 1/2 hours in the morning; they should not be allowed to prepare their lessons in the evening after returning from school, as their work capacity decreases towards the end of the day.
When doing homework, as well as at school, every 45 minutes you should take a break for 10 minutes, during which you need to ventilate the room, get up, walk, do a few breathing exercises well.
Often children spend a lot of time preparing homework because parents do not help them properly organize homework, do not create such conditions for this work that would allow them to concentrate and work without distraction. Students in many cases have to prepare assignments when the room is loudly talking, arguing, the radio is on. These extraneous external stimuli distract attention (which happens especially easily in children), slow down and disorganize the well-established activity of the body. As a result, not only the time for preparing lessons is lengthened, but the child’s fatigue also increases, and besides, he does not develop the skills of concentrated work, he learns to be distracted while working with extraneous matters. It also happens that parents, while preparing homework for a child, interrupt him, give small assignments: “put the kettle on”, “open “believe”, etc. This is unacceptable. It is necessary to create calm conditions for classes for the student and demand that he work with concentration and not sit up for lessons more than the allotted time.
Every student needs a certain a permanent place at a common or special table for doing homework, since in the same constant environment, attention is focused more quickly on the educational material, and, consequently, its assimilation is more successful. The workplace should be such that the student can freely settle down with his benefits. The dimensions of the table and chair must correspond to the height of the student, otherwise the muscles will quickly fatigue, the child cannot maintain the correct posture at the table while performing tasks. Prolonged sitting in the wrong position entails a curvature of the spine, the appearance of stoop, sunken chest, abnormal development of the chest organs. If a student has a special table for classes, then before the age of 14, the height of the table and chair should be changed in a timely manner. For students with a height of 120-129 cm, the height of the table should be 56 cm, and the height of the chair - 34 cm, for students with a height of 130-139 cm - the height of the table is 62 cm, the chair - 38 cm.
When a student works at a common table, the difference in the height of the table from the floor and the height of the chair from the floor should be no more than 27 cm and not less than 21 cm. To ensure this position for younger students, you can put one or two well-cut boards on the chair, and place a bench for support. Parents should monitor the student's seating position during homework preparation and free practice. The correct landing of the student provides normal visual perception, free breathing, normal blood circulation and contributes to the development of good posture. With the correct fit, 2/3 of the student’s hips are placed on the seat of the chair, the legs are bent at right angles at the hip and knee joints and rest on the floor or bench, both forearms lie freely on the table, the shoulders are at the same level. Between the chest and the edge of the table there should be a distance equal to the width of the student’s palm, the distance from the eyes to the book or notebook should be at least 30-35 cm. sit straight.
For the growth and development of the child's body, clean, fresh air is necessary. It is of great importance for increasing mental performance, improving brain function and maintaining vigor. Therefore, before classes, as well as during 10-minute breaks, you need to ventilate the room, and in the warm season you should practice with an open window or with an open window. Another important condition for classes is sufficient lighting of the workplace, both natural and artificial, since doing homework (reading, writing) is associated with a lot of eye strain. The light from the window or from the lamp should fall on the textbooks (notebooks) to the left of the sitting student so that the shadow from the hand does not fall. There should not be tall flowers and a solid curtain on the window, as this worsens the lighting of the workplace. When exercising in conditions of artificial lighting, the table must be additionally illuminated with a table lamp, placing it in front and on the left. The electric lamp should be 75 watts and covered with a lampshade to prevent light rays from entering the eyes.
The fulfillment of all the above conditions contributes to the preservation of high performance.
The success of homework preparation and the success of classes at school also depend on the timeliness of the completion of other elements of the regimen. So, an important element of the daily routine of a student is rest.
With prolonged intense mental work, the nerve cells of the brain get tired, depleted, in working organs, the processes of decay of substances begin to prevail over their replenishment, therefore, efficiency decreases. To prevent this from happening, the body should be given timely rest. During rest, the processes of restoration of substances intensify in the tissues, the exchange shifts that have occurred are eliminated and proper working capacity is restored. Particularly important in mental work, in which primarily the cells of the cerebral cortex, which have rapid fatigue, are involved, is the alternation of mental work with other types of activity.
The largest Russian scientist I.M. Sechenov proved that the best rest is not complete rest, but the so-called active rest, that is, the change of one type of activity to another. During mental work, excitation occurs in the working cells of the cerebral cortex; at the same time, other cells of the cerebral cortex are in a state of inhibition - they are resting. The transition to another type of activity, such as movement, causes excitation in previously idle cells, and in working cells, an inhibitory process arises and intensifies, during which the cells rest and recover.
One-sided mental sedentary work of schoolchildren does not create conditions for full-fledged physical development and health. The replacement of mental labor with physical labor, in which the entire body of the child or its parts are involved in movement, contributes to the rapid restoration of working capacity. The best outdoor activity for a student is outdoor activities, especially outdoors. Children's exposure to the open air is of great health significance. Fresh, clean air strengthens the student's body, improves metabolic processes, the activity of the cardiovascular system and respiratory organs, and increases his resistance to infection. The best types of mobile activities that quickly dissipate fatigue and fatigue are movements chosen by the children themselves, performed by them with pleasure, joy, and emotional upsurge. Such movements are outdoor games and sports entertainment (in the warm season - games with a ball, jump rope, gorodki, etc.; in winter - sledding, skating, skiing).
As experience shows, with the desire and perseverance of parents, in almost every yard in the winter it is possible to flood the skating rink, and in the summer to organize a playground for ball games.
Parents should encourage middle and older students to do sport in one of the sports sections at schools, houses of pioneers or at youth sports schools. These classes make the student strong, hardy and have a positive impact on his performance and academic performance.
For outdoor games, students of the first shift need to allocate time in the afternoon before the preparation of home lessons, and students of the second shift - after preparing home lessons before leaving for school. The total duration of stay in the open air, including the way to school and back, should be at least 3 - 3 1/2 hours for younger students, and at least 2 - 2 1/2 hours for older students.
Outdoor games, outdoor sports more time should be devoted to weekends, combining them with walks out of town, into the forest, with excursions. Many parents incorrectly think that instead of playing outdoors, it is better for children to read fiction or do housework. They should be reminded of the old pedagogical rule: "The character of children is formed not so much in the classroom at the desk, but on the lawn, in outdoor games."
In the daily routine of the student, time should be set aside for free selected creative activity such as construction, drawing, modeling, music, reading fiction. For this during the day, for younger students it takes 1 - 1 1/2 hours, and for older students - 1 1/2 - 2 1/2 hours.
Every student should be involved in feasible housework. The younger ones can be entrusted with cleaning the room, watering the flowers, washing the dishes; for the elders - a walk with the kids, buying food, working in the garden, in the garden, etc.
Some parents do not involve their children at all in family service work and even in self-service (cleaning shoes, dresses, making the bed, sewing on collars, buttons, etc.). This is how they make a big mistake.
So, the mother of two schoolchildren, despite the fact that they are already in the 6th grade, believes that her children are still too small for housework. The mother cleans the apartment herself, goes for groceries, washes dishes, without involving children in this. Previously, children had a desire to do something for the house themselves, but a caring mother warned them in everything. And now, growing up, they make claims to their mother: why the clothes are not ironed so well, why the room is poorly cleaned. Children grew up selfish, people who do not know how to do anything. Such parents forget that work activity not only contributes to the correct upbringing of the child and disciplines him, it helps to improve his physical development and health. Every schoolchild should be taught to help the family and instill a love of work.
For proper growth and development of the child, sufficient calorie nutrition is necessary., high-grade in the content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts and vitamins.
Much attention should be paid to the diet, regular meals at a strictly set time - after 3-4 hours (4-5 times a day). Those who always eat at a certain time develop a conditioned reflex for time, that is, when a certain hour approaches, an appetite appears, the release of digestive juices begins, which facilitates the digestion of food.
Disorderly eating leads to the fact that the necessary preparation of the gastrointestinal apparatus for these meals does not occur, nutrients are absorbed worse, and appetite is lost. The disordered eating of sweets and sugar especially spoils the appetite.
An example of a student can be used to illustrate. He did not have fixed hours for meals: on some days he dined immediately upon arrival from school, on other days, without having lunch, he ran out into the street with a piece of bread, then ran home now for candy, then for cookies. His parents often gave him money to buy ice cream, which he ate right there on the street. Returning from such a walk, the boy not only forgot about lunch, but also refused to eat dinner. The boy's mother, trying to find the cause of her son's loss of appetite, went with him from one doctor to another, thinking that the boy was seriously ill. There was only one reason: irregular meals, disordered eating of sweets. In this case, it was enough for the mother to establish for the boy the exact time of meals, as the appetite was restored. Of great importance for the excitation of appetite is the environment in which the meal takes place. The sight of a table with neatly arranged plates and cutlery, the smell of deliciously cooked food excite the appetite, causing the so-called mental phase of separation of digestive juices.
It is necessary to teach the student to wash their hands before each meal, eat slowly, not talking, not reading while eating. Regular intake of high-grade food, subject to all hygiene rules, is the key to health.
The student's day should end with an evening dress and subsequent sleep.. No more than 30 minutes are allotted for the evening toilet. During this time, the student must put in order the school uniform and shoes. Then you need to wash, brush your teeth, wash your feet with water at room temperature.
By evening, after intense hours of wakefulness and the perception of many stimuli from the outside world, an inhibitory process occurs faster in the cerebral cortex, which easily spreads to other parts of the nervous system, causing sleep.
This inhibition is called protective, as it protects the nervous system from excessive work, from exhaustion. As already mentioned, the younger the child, the less his nervous system has less tolerance to external stimuli and the greater his need for sleep.
So, the total duration of sleep for 7-year-old schoolchildren should be 12 hours a day, for which it is better to take one hour for an afternoon nap. The duration of sleep for children 8-9 years old is 10 1/2-11 hours, for 10-11 years old - 10 hours, for 12-15 years old - 9 hours and for older students - 9 - 8 1/2 hours. Night sleep is a long rest, eliminating the fatigue that appears at the end of the day, and restoring the body's strength. In nerve cells, under the influence of the inhibitory process, recovery processes are intensified. Cells again acquire the ability to perceive stimuli from the external environment and give them an appropriate response. Lack of sleep adversely affects the nervous system of schoolchildren and leads to a decrease in working capacity.
The student should be taught to always go to bed at the same time and get up at the same time., then his nervous system is accustomed to a certain rhythm of work and rest. Then the student will easily and quickly fall asleep and easily and quickly wake up at a certain hour.
Students of both the first and second shifts must get up at 7 am and go to bed at 20:30 - 21:00, and older students at 22:00, at the latest - at 22:30.
The fullness of sleep is determined not only by its duration, but also by its depth. Sleep of sufficient duration, but not deep, with dreams, talking in a dream does not give complete rest. In order for the child’s sleep to be deep, it is necessary that before going to bed the student does not engage in noisy games, disputes, stories that cause strong feelings, as this interferes with quick falling asleep and violates the depth of sleep. Deep sleep is also prevented by external stimuli: conversations, light, etc.
The child should sleep in a separate bed, corresponding to the size of his body; this creates the opportunity to maintain the muscles of the body in a relaxed state throughout sleep.
One of the main conditions for maintaining the depth of children's sleep is sleep in a well-ventilated room at an air temperature of no higher than 16-18 °. It is even better to teach the student to sleep with the window open. In this case, the bed should be no closer than 2 m from the window so that the cold air does not fall on the child, or it is necessary to hang the window with gauze.
Compliance with all these conditions contributes to the full sleep of the child and the full restoration of his strength by the next working day.
When drawing up the daily routine of a student, parents can be guided by the schemes of the daily routine. On the basis of these daily regimen schemes, each student, with the help of his parents, can draw up his daily routine, post this schedule in a conspicuous place and strictly adhere to it. Schoolchildren need to be reminded of the words of M.I. Kalinin, who said that you need to organize your studies, your day in such a way that you have time and study well and walk, and play, and do physical education.
An especially difficult and responsible time in the life of every student is the period of exams., therefore, during this period, the regime should be observed especially clearly. In no case should you increase the hours of classes due to sleep and walks, disrupt the diet, as this leads to fatigue and weakening of the nervous system and the whole body. Unfortunately, very often during exams, schoolchildren, especially tenth graders, break the regimen and study for many hours in a row without rest and sleep, thinking that this will help them prepare better for exams. But they are wrong - a tired brain does not perceive and remember what is read, and it takes more time to master the same material, and the result is poor.
So, for example, on the eve of the exam, a girl, feeling that there was little time left for repeating the material covered, studied until 2 am. As a result of lack of sleep for several hours in the morning, her head hurt, the girl became very irritable, worried, although she managed to repeat all the material. During the exam, she could not remember what she knew well. After this incident, the schoolgirl made it a rule never to study late and observe the regime of work and rest during the exams.
Parents should know and instill in their children that it is necessary to work seriously during the year, then the exams will not be difficult. And during the period of exams, parents should help their children organize their classes, ensure silence, proper nutrition, and timely sleep.