The North-Western Front is an operational association of the Soviet armed forces during the Great Patriotic War, operated in 1941-1943, created on June 22, 1941 on the basis of the Baltic Military District. Initially, the North-Western Front included the 8th, 11th, 27th armies, later also the 1st shock, 3rd shock, 4th shock armies, 22nd, 34th, 48th , 53rd, 68th armies, 1st tank army, 6th air army. The command of the North-Western Front was taken by Colonel-General F.I. Kuznetsov, Corps Commissar V.N. became a member of the military council. Bogatkin (since December 1942 - lieutenant general), chief of staff - lieutenant general N.F. Vatutin.

In the border battle in the summer of 1941, the troops of the North-Western Front opposed the German Army Group North and part of the forces of the Army Group Center. Under pressure from the enemy, by June 29, Soviet troops withdrew to the Western Dvina. Cut off from the main forces, the 8th Army retreated to the Estonian border and was included in the Northern Front. The 11th and 27th armies fought with the enemy advancing on Staraya Russa and Kholm. On July 3, 1941, Major General P. P. Sobennikov became commander of the North-Western Front, and on August 24, Lieutenant General P. A. Kurochkin. By the autumn of 1941, the troops of the North-Western Front had entrenched themselves on the Demyansk defensive line.

During the counter-offensive near Moscow, the troops of the North-Western Front in January 1942 carried out the Toropetsko-Kholmskaya operation, as a result of which, by the end of February 1942, the Staraya Russian and Demyansk enemy groups were separated, and six German divisions in the Demyansk area were surrounded. By the spring of 1942, the troops of the North-Western Front reached the line of the Lovat River. In May 1942, Major General I.T. Shlemin, in August of the same year he was replaced by Lieutenant General M.N. Sharokhin. Throughout 1942, the North-Western Front tried to eliminate the Germans' Demyansk cauldron, but was not successful. In October 1942, there was a change of command of the North-Western Front, Marshal S.K. Timoshenko, chief of staff - Lieutenant General V.M. Zlobin.

The Demyansk bridgehead of the Germans was liquidated only in February 1943. An attempt by the Northwestern Front to go on the offensive against Staraya Russa was unsuccessful. In March 1943, the leadership of the front was again replaced, Colonel General I.S. Konev, and the chief of staff - Lieutenant General A.N. Bogolyubov. In May, Lieutenant-General E.F. became a new member of the military council of the front. Bokov. In the summer of 1943, I.S. Konev was sent to the Kursk Bulge, and Colonel-General P. A. Kurochkin became the commander of the North-Western Front. In August 1943, the front made another unsuccessful attempt to launch an offensive against Staraya Russa. On November 20, the North-Western Front was disbanded, and the First Baltic Front was created on its basis.

I specifically decided to wait until the annual parade dust around May 9 settles a little. Below you can see several dozen pictures taken in May of this year in one of the bloodiest "squares" of the "Demyansky Cauldron". I have been going there for far from the first year, I try to communicate as much as possible with the few participants in the events there and eyewitnesses, since there are still such people. I didn’t write about my impressions, it’s too violently there you can feel everything described. But I’ll say one thing - now a kind of animal fear sometimes rolls over there, especially when you try to imagine what exactly those who fought there experienced.

From January 7 to May 20, 1942, the troops of the North-Western Front (P.A. Kurochkin) carried out the Demyansk offensive operation. In the course of it, by the end of February, Soviet troops separated the old Russian and Demyansk enemy groups, and surrounded the latter, consisting of six divisions of the 16th Army. However, the liquidation of the encircled group was delayed, and by April 23 the enemy managed to unite with the encircled troops, forming the so-called Ramushevsky corridor 4 km wide. Further offensive actions of the Soviet troops in order to eliminate the Demyansk group were not successful. The struggle of the parties unfolded in the zone of the formed corridor, which by the end of April was expanded by the enemy to 6-8 km.

Map of military operations

Map of military operations

Not far from the mouth of the corridor, in the winter of 1941-1942, truly tragic events unfolded. Attempts to advance the Red Army only on a small sector of the front turned into bloody losses: about 18,000 soldiers and officers and more than 80 tanks. Soldiers of the SS division "Totenkopf" and the Danish SS corps also fought against the Red Army. The Germans staunchly defended themselves, turning the forests adjacent to settlements into deeply echeloned fortified areas. Blockages, barbed wire and continuous minefields awaited the attackers in addition to cold, non-freezing swamps, machine-gun and artillery fire.

There are a lot of such funnels filled with water in the forest. Quite often they are found dropped after the battle killed.

There are a lot of such funnels filled with water in the forest. Quite often they are found dropped after the battle killed.

Scattered everywhere helmets with the most intricate holes are collected in heaps, and those of them that are not too rusty and mutilated are used to build simple home-made monuments

Scattered everywhere helmets with the most intricate holes are collected in heaps, and those of them that are not too rusty and mutilated are used to build simple home-made monuments

The forest in our offensive zone is crammed with rusty, mutilated iron. And of course people...

The forest in our offensive zone is crammed with rusty, mutilated iron. And of course people...

British smoke mine

British smoke mine

german newspaper

german newspaper

Asterisks from fraternal mogi, where their comrades were buried namelessly in 1941-1942

Asterisks from fraternal mogi, where their comrades were buried namelessly in 1941-1942

About unknown soldiers

Several units of medallions for several hundred found Red Army soldiers are a common thing. As a rule, the dead lie quite shallow, right under the turf. They do not have weapons with them or it was damaged in battle. Well, if a person is wearing a helmet, there is a chance to find him with a metal detector. We just found such a "mounted" fighter.

Of his personal belongings, he had only two coins of 20 kopecks, a bottle of cologne and a spoon with the brand of the city of Kirov. The spoon lay in a felt boot. There were no inscriptions or signs that could help identify the deceased ...

Sailors in the "cauldron"

Sailors also fought in the Demyansk "cauldron". As part of the naval infantry brigades. Naval rifle brigades began to be formed according to GKO Decree No. 810 of 10/18/41 on the formation of 25 rifle brigades and Order of the NPO of the USSR No. 00110 of 10/18/41 on the same (from number 61 to number 85). The recently adopted state of cadet rifle brigades was taken as a basis, in which there was one rifle regiment until the end of October. From the beginning of November, the brigades were transferred to the state of a separate rifle brigade with three rifle battalions. The name "marine rifle brigades" was given by the Order of NPO No. 0512 dated 12/27/41. Nothing other than the presence of 20 to 80% of sailors in l / s and the assignment of a different number of undergraduate cadets of military schools and district courses to them did not differ from ordinary rifle brigades. After the "October" brigades, according to the Decree of the State Defense Committee No. 935 of 11/22/41, 116, 138, 142 Omorsbr brigade were also formed according to the state of separate rifle brigades. In December 1941 - January 1942, the 154th Omorsbr brigade was formed (according to a separate NPO Directive).

It was formed on January 2, 1942 in Moscow as a result of the renaming of the 166th Marine Brigade, which, in turn, was renamed on December 28, 1941 from the 1st Moscow separate detachment of sailors withdrawn from the front to the capital. On January 19, the brigade was sent to the 3rd Shock Army of the Northwestern Front. Not a single brigade retained the word "cadet" in its name. Omorsbr of the formation of 1942 also did not have "cadet" in the name. The expression "cadet marine brigades" appeared, as it seems, by mixing heterogeneous facts into one. During the formation and in everyday life, the fighters of the omorsbr could call themselves the marines, the command too, but "marine rifle brigades" remained in history. As in the Order of the NPO.

The Order of Alexander Nevsky was awarded to commanders of the Red Army who showed personal courage, courage and courage in the battles for the Motherland and ensured the successful actions of their units with skillful command, for the initiative shown in choosing the right moment for a sudden bold and successful attack on the enemy and inflicting a major defeat on him with small losses for their troops.

The order was awarded to the commanders of regiments, battalions, companies, platoons. According to the Decree of the PVS of the USSR of November 10, 1942, the award of the order was extended to the commanders of divisions and brigades.

The first awarding of the order took place by the Decree of the PVS of the USSR of November 5, 1942. Badge No. 1 was received by the commander of the marine battalion of the 154th marine rifle brigade, senior lieutenant (later - lieutenant colonel) I.N. Ruban. .

The sailors really fought famously. Suddenly, boldly and courageously. In black pea coats, to the hoarse "Polunra!" they threw the Germans out of the small village and prepared for the next attack. And the Germans were also preparing. Reconnaissance, especially aerial reconnaissance, was excellent. And therefore, when the sailors fearlessly attacked again, the Germans met them with dagger fire from machine guns and self-propelled guns. They killed or wounded almost all the attackers, several dozen sailors were captured. Later, the Germans gathered all the dead and threw them into a deep adit in a sand pit. And bombarded with an explosion. Demyansk search engines have been looking for this adit for many years. Found.

Every day, a careful accounting of the found fighters is carried out. In total, over 300 fighters of the Red Army were found during the entire spring Watch

Every day, a careful accounting of the found fighters is carried out. In total, over 300 fighters of the Red Army were found during the entire spring Watch

About monuments

The Demyansk detachment has a commander. His will and hands created the vast majority of monuments and burials in those places. His detachment found and buried almost 9,000 dead soldiers - more than a DIVISION!

About beavers

Beavers have become the scourge of this year. The beavers skillfully dammed a small stream through which our troops advanced in the autumn and winter of 1941-1942.

Undermined

Undermined

Previously, it was possible to jump over the rivulet, but now we had to seriously overcome it by boat.

Previously, it was possible to jump over the rivulet, but now we had to seriously overcome it by boat.

About life

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uPVTBMYUSH H VMYODBTSE CHUE UCHPVVPDOSHCHE PF DETSKHTUFCHB ABOUT FEMEGEL SUPPORT FPYULBI. CHUEZP VSCHMP YEFSCHTE-RSFSH YUEMPCEL Y S. S. EEE, RP RTBCHDE ZPCHPTS, OE RYM, FPMSHLP ZMPFOHM TBB DCHB Y LEAV UMHYBM UPMDBFULYE VBKLY. nPY RPDYOEOOOSCHE RPUME CHSHCHRYCHLY ICHBMYMYUSH DTHZ RETED DTHZPN P CHPTCHULYI DEMBI. pDYO TBUULBSHCHCHBM, LBL PZTBVYM HOYCHETNBZ, DTHZPK — UVETLBUUKH Y F. D. UETTSBOF yOB UMHYBM, UMHYBM, RPFPN, HDBTYCH MPTSLPK P SAIL, UBSCHYM, YUFP PO VSCHM BFBNBOPN iBTEPShCH. fBN EUFSH FBLPK TBKPO Y UEKYUBU. with LEAVING H HZMH Y DKHNBM: LKhDB S RPRBM - OE CHCHPD, B VBODYFULBS NBMYOB.

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pDOBTDSCH S ЪBNEFYM, UFP PDYO YЪ UPMDBF RTSUEF PF NEOS MYGP, LPFPTPE VSCHMP RPTSDLPN TBYFP, RPYUETOEMP Y PRHIMP. rPRSHCHFLY CHSCHSUOYFSH, CH YUEN DEMP, BLBOYUYCHBMYUSH BLCHETEOYSNNY UPMDBFB CH FPN, YuFP ChP CHTENS PVUFTEMB PO KHRBM Y HDBTYMUS MYGPN. fBLPE CHRPMOE NPZMP RTPYEKFY. oP, RPDPJTECHBS, UFP FHF UFP-FP OE FBL, S OBJBM DPRSCFFCHBFSHUS H YOYOSCH: “ch YUEN DEMP?” according to UOBYUBMB ЪBNSMUS, OP RPFPN TBUULBBM, YuFP LFPF UPMDBF - VSHCHCHYK ChPT-LBTNBOIL. sing, VSHCHYE OBUFPSEIE CHPTSH Y VBODIFSCH, RTEYTBMY FBLYI. oP DEMP VSHMP OE CH LFPN. ON VSCHM HMYYUEO CH CHPTCHUFCHE RBKLY IMEVB, BY UFP Y VSCHM YЪVYF.

at RTPDHLFBNY VSHMP FTHDOP. IMEV DEMMY RPTPCHOH ABOUT CHUEI, Y LFP-MYVP PYO, PFCHETOKHCHYUSH, ZPCHPTYM, LBLPK LHUPL LPNH. b FBL LBL VPMSHYYOUFCHP UPMDBF RPUFPSOOP VSCHMY ABOUT DETSKHTUFCHE RP FEMEZHPOOSCHN FPYULBN YMY OBOYNBMYUSH TENPOFPN FEMEZHPOOPK MYOYY, FP RBEL IMEVB METSBM CH VMYODBTSE DP YI RTYIPDB. ChPF FFPF CHPTYYLB Y RPCHBDYMUS FBULBFSH IMEV. uPMDBF RTBLFYUEULY CHEUSH DEOSH PUFBCHBMUS ZPMPDOSCHN, MYYCHYUSH RBKLY IMEVB.

RJFBOYE ABOUT RETEDPCHPK VSCHMP, LBL RTBCHYMP, DCHB TBBB H UHFLY: HFTPN DP TBUUCHEFB, LPZDB FENOPI Y RTPFYCHOYL OE CHYDYF, Y CHEYUETPN, LPZDB OBUFHRBEF FENOPFB. CHPPVEE, RPCHUEDOECHOSHCHK VSCHF ABOUT ZHTPOFE VSCHM UBNSCHN RTYNYFYCHOSCHN. CHEUSH DEOSH YDEF PTSEUFPYOOOSCHK VPK, Y FPMSHLP KHURECHBK DEMBFSH UCHPE DEMP, P LPFPTPN S TBUULBTSKH OYCE. CHEYUETPN PVSHCHUOP VPK ЪBFYIBEF, OBDP ZDE-FP PVUKHYYFSHUS Y PFDPIOHFSH.

OBY VMYODBCYL OILBLPC REYULY OE YNEM. уХЫЙМЙУШ Х ЛПУФТБ, Б ЮФПВЩ РТПФЙЧОЙЛ ОЕ ЪБНЕФЙМ, ХУФТБЙЧБМЙ ЕЗП ЗДЕ-ОЙВХДШ ЧПЪМЕ ЛПТОЕК ЧЩЧПТПЮЕООПЗП ДЕТЕЧБ ЙМЙ Ч ЧПТПОЛЕ, ЕУМЙ ФБН ОЕФ ЧПДЩ, Б ЙОПЗДБ ДЕМБМЙ ЙЪ ЕМПЧПЗП МБРОЙЛБ ЮФП-ФП ОБРПДПВЙЕ ЫБМБЫБ Й ФБН Х ОЕВПМШЫПЗП ЛПУФТБ УХЫЙМЙУШ. YDEUSH TSE YЪVBCHMSMYUSH Y PF CHYEK, LPFPTSCHI VSCHMP OENBMP, BKH OELPFPTSCHI POY VHLCHBMSHOP LYYEMY.

UOYNBMY OBFEMSHOHA THVBYLKH YMY LBMSHUPOSC Y DETTSBMY OBD LPUFTPN, RPLB CHY LBL UMEDHEF OE "RTPCBTSFUS". uFH CE RTPGEDKHTH RTPDEMSHCHCHBMY Y U CHETIOYN PVNHODYTPCHBOYEN. pDOBLP YOYEMSH YMY RPMHYHVPL OBD LPUFTPN O OBFSOEYSH, Y CHY FBN PUFBCHBMYUSH. DOEN, RPLB VEZBEYSH, OE YUKHCHUFCHKHEYSH, B OPYUSHA POI DPOINBMY.

h WBOA IPDYMY OE JUBEE LPOPZP TBB CH NUSG. vBOS RTEDUFBCHMSMB UPVPK PZPTPTTSOOOKHA CHEFLBNY OEPPMSHYHA RMPEBDLH, ABOUT ENMA LMBMY MBROYL. CHUA PDETSDH, LTPNE TENOS Y UBRPZ, UDBCHBMY ABOUT RTPTsBTLKH, LPFPTPK UMKHTSYMB PVSCHLOPCHEOOBS CEMEOBS VYULB. ABOUT DOP VYULY OBMYCHBMY OENOPSCHCHPDSHCH, LMBMY YUHTLY Y TEYEFLH YЪ RTHFSHECH, ABOUT OEE MPTSYMPUSH PVNHODYTPCHBOYE. vPYULB TBNEEBMBUSH OBD LPUFTPN. ChPDB Ch VYULE LYREMB, Y ZPTSUYN RBTPN RTPRBTYCHBMBUSH PDETSDB. LFB RTPGEDHTB DMYMBUSH PYO YUBU. ABOUT LFP CHTENS LBTsDPNKh DBCHBMY CHEDTP ZPTSUEK CHPDSH DMS NSCHFShS. eUFEUFCHEOOP, VPMSHYHA YUBUFSH READING RTYIPDYMPUSH OBZYYPN FBOGECHBFSH ABOUT IPMPDE, PUPVEOOP JNPK.

h UPMDBFULPN Y PZHYGETULPN PVYIPDE OE VSCHMP OILBLYI RPUFEMSHOSCHI RTYOBDMETSOPUFEK. yYOYEMSH YMY RPMHYKHVPL, RMBE-RBMBFLB, CHEENEYPL - CHPF Y CHUE "RTIDBOPE".

eUMY HDBCHBMPUSH CHFYUOHFSHUS CH VMYODBTSYL, FP URBMY CHRPCHBMLH, RTYTSBCHYUSH DTHZ L DTHZH, YUFPVSCH VSCHMP FERMEK. yOPZDB, EUMY RPCHPMSMMB PVUFBOPCHLB, U CHEYUETB TBULMBDSCCHBMY LPUFET, FETOEEE, DP OBUFHRMEOYS FENOPFSHCH. lPZDB ENMS RPD LPUFTPN OBZTECHBMBUSH, HZMY TBZTEVBMY, LMBMY MBROIL Y MPTSYMYUSH, HLTSCHYUSH RMBE-RBMBFLPK. fBL VSCHMP FERMEEE, YUEN CH OEFPRMEOPN VMYODBCE. FHBMEFOSHCHI RTYOBDMETSOPUFEK FPCE, LBL RTBCHYMP, OE VSHMP. iPTPYP, EUMY HDBCHBMPUSH HFTPN URPMPUOHFSH YЪ MHTSY YMY VPMPFB MYGP, HFETYUSH RPMPK YOYEMY. vPMSHYOUFCHP VSCHMY YUKHNBSHCHE PF LPRPFY LPUFTCH. h PVEEN, VSHCHF VSCHM UBNSCHN RTYNYFYCHOSCHN.

FERETSH OEULPMSHLP UMCH P ZHTPOFE, CHETOEE, RETEDPPCHPK. fBL OBSCCHCHBMY RETEDOIK LTBC Y VMYTSBKYYK FSHM, RTPUFTEMYCHBENSCHK TKHTSEKOP-RHMENEFOSHCHN PZOEN.

h RETCHSHCHK TSE DEOSH NPY RTEDUFBCHMEOYS P ZHTPOFE RPMOPUFSHHA RPDFCHETDYMYUSH. at TBUUCHEFPN OBYUBMUS PTSEUFPYUEOOSCHK VPK. OBY CHPKULB RSHCHFBMYUSH BFBLPCHBFSH RTPFYCHOYLB. FPF, EUFEUFCHEOOP, CHUENY PZOECHCHNY UTEDUFCHBNY PFTBTSBM GENERAL OBRDEOIE. зТПИПФ ЛБОПОБДЩ ОБЫЕК БТФЙММЕТЙЙ Й НЙОПНЕФПЧ УМЙЧБМУС У ЗТПИПФПН ТБЪТЩЧПЧ ЧТБЦЕУЛЙИ УОБТСДПЧ Й НЙО, ФТЕУЛ РХМЕНЕФОЩИ, БЧФПНБФОЩИ Й ТХЦЕКОЩИ ЧЩУФТЕМПЧ, ЛТЙЛЙ «ХТБ!», ТХЗБОШ, ЛТЙЛЙ Й УФПОЩ ТБОЕОЩИ — ЧУЕ ЬФП УМЙЧБМПУШ Ч УРМПЫОПК ФСЦЕМЩК ЗТПИПФ ВПС. yFH "NKhSHCHLH" DPRPMOSMY CHPDHYOSCHE VY CH OEVE, STPUFOSHCH VPNVETSLY Y YFHTNPCHSHCHE HDBTSCH CHTBTSUEULPK BCHYBGYY. CHVMY RETEDOEZP LTBS MEU VSCHM PYUEOSH UYMSHOP YЪVYF UOBTSDBNY Y VPNVBNY. vPMSHYOUFCHP DETECHSHECH UMPNBOP YMY UTEEBOP PULPMLBNY ABOUT TBOPK CHSHCHUPFE.

ENMS VSCHMB YЪTSCHFB PLPRBNY, RPYUFY URMPYSH KHUESOB CHPTPOLBNY PF VPNV Y UOBTSDCH. h CHPDHIE RPUFPSOOP CHYUEM UNTBD PF TBTSCHCHCH UOBTSDPCH, NYO, VPNV, RPTsBTCH.

tboeoshche, LBL RTBCHYMP, UBNY DPVYTBMYUSH DP VMYTSBKYI NEDRHOLFCH, B FP RPMFPTB-DCHB LYMPNEFTB, - ZDE RPMLPN, ZDE ABOUT RPRKHFOPK RPCHPLE. UBOYFBTSHCH VSHMY BOSFSHCH FPMSHLP FTSEMSHCHNY TBOEOSCHNY, FENY, LFP OE REFINERY UBNPUFPSFEMSHOP DPRPMYFY. rPNOA NBMSHUYYLKh NMBDYEZP MEKFEOBOFB, FBLPZP CE, LBL YS, LPFPTSCHK U RTPUFTEMEOOPK OBULCHPSH ZTHDSHA, BTSYNBS THLPK TBOH, VTEM H RPMHVEUUPOBFEMSHOPN UPUFPSOY OB NEDRHOLF. RPNPYUSH ENH SOE NPZ, Kh NEOS VSCHMB OEPFMPTSOBS VPCHBS TBVPFB, P LPFPTPK TEYUSHOYTSE.

hVYFSHCHI, B YI VSHCHMP NOPZP, IPTPOYMY FHF TSE. ChRTPYUEN, IPTPOYMY - UMYYLPN ZTPNLP ULBBOP. h MHYUYEN UMHYUBE, OBLTSCCH RMBE-RBMBFLPK RP OEULPMSHLP YuEMPCHEL, BUSCHRBMY CH PLPRE YMY VPMSHYPK CHPTPOLE, CH LPFPTSCHI YUBUFP ABOUT DOE UFPSMB CHPDB. oETEDLP BLBRSHCHBMY VE CHUSLPK RMBE-RBMBFLY, MYGPN CHOI. oETEDLP HVYFSHCHE RP OEULPMSHLP DOEK METSBMY OEEBTSCHFSCHNY, VSHMP OE DP OII.

rPNOA, Ch PDOPN NEUFE VSCHM TPDOIL, NEFTPH 300–400 PF RETEDPPCHPK. DETECHS FBN RPYUFY CHUE VSCHMY UMPNBOSH UOBTSDBNY Y VPNVBNY. fP VShchMP JNPK. UPMDBFSCH VMYTSBKYI RPDTBDEMEOYK RTPVYTBMYUSH FHDB, YuFPVSCH OBVTBFSH LPFEMPL CHPDSHCH. chTBTSEULYK UOBKRET, HLTSCHIYUSH ZDE-FP, PYUECHIDOP ABOUT OEKFTBMSHOPK FETTYFPTYY, DEMBM UCHPE UETOPE DEMP. lPZDB WITH RPDPYEM FHDB, CHPME TPDOILB METSBMP HCE YEFSCHTE YMY RSFSH FTHHRCH. with UOBYUBMB OE RPOSM, CH YUEN DEMP, ZMPFOHM OENPZP Y RPYEM DBMSHYE. pFPKDS YBZPCH 20–30, S HUMSHCHYBM EEMYUPL RHMY Y PVETOHMUS. rHMS DPUFBMB PYUETEDOHA CETFCHH, RPUME NEO RPPDYYHA L TPDOYLH.

нПС ЪБДБЮБ Ч ЬФПФ РЕТЙПД УПУФПСМБ Ч ФПН, ЮФПВЩ ПВЕУРЕЮЙФШ РТПЧПДОПК МЙОЙЕК ФЕМЕЖПООПК УЧСЪЙ ОБВМАДБФЕМШОЩК РХОЛФ РПМЛБ У ОБВМАДБФЕМШОЩНЙ РХОЛФБНЙ ЛПНБОДЙТПЧ ДЙЧЙЪЙПОПЧ, ЛПФПТЩЕ ОБИПДЙМЙУШ ОЕРПУТЕДУФЧЕООП ОБ РЕТЕДОЕН ЛТБЕ Ч ВБФБМШПОБИ РЕТЧПК МЙОЙЙ.

or LPNBOYTB RPMLB OBIPDYMUS ABOUT NPEOPC UPUOE NEFTPH 600–800 PF RETEDOEZP LTBS. L UPUOE VSCHMB RTYUFBCHMEOB UBNPDEMSHOBS MEUFOYGB, B NETsDH CHEFCHEK UDEMBOB OEVPMSHYBS RMPEBDLB YJ TSETDEK. fBN VSHCHMY HLTERMEOSCH OEULPMSHLP MYUFPC CEMEEB DMS BEIFSHCH PF RHMSH Y PULPMLPC. CHEUSH DEOSH FBN OBIPDYMUS YMY LPNBOYT RPMLB, YMY EZP ЪBNEUFYFEMSH, THLPCHPDYCHYE PZOEN DYCHYYPOCH.

h RPMLH VSCHMP YEFSCHTE DYCHYYPOB, OB OR LBTsDPZP YJ OYI YMB FEMEZHPOOBS MYOYS, LPFPTBS RTPLMBDSCHCHBMBUSH RP ENME. RPDCHEYCHBFSH HER ABOUT DETECHSHS VSCHMP OELPZDB, LTPNE FPZP, RPDCHEYOOOBS MYOYS YUBUFP OBTHYBMBUSH RPRBDBOYEN PULPMLCH, B YOPZDB Y RHMSh. RP ENME CHP NOPZYI NEUFBI YMP VPMSHYPE LPMYUEUFCHP FEMEZHPOOSCHI MYOYK TBMYUOSCHI YUBUFEK Y RPDTBDEMEOYK. LBVEMSH H CHUI VSHCHM PDYOBLPCHSHCHK, Y EUMY UOBTSD YMY NYOB TCHBMY PULPMLBNY OEULPMSHLP MYOYK, FP OERTPUFP VSCHMP TBBPVTBFSH, ZDE YUSHS MYOYS, PUPVEOOP OPYUSHA. b LPNBOYT FTEVPCHBM RPUFPSOOKHA UCHSHSH. LTHFIFSHUS RTYIPDYMPUSH CHEUSH DEOSH, B YUBUFP Y OPYUSHA.

chchpd Vshchm HLPNRMELFPCHBO OE RPMOPUFSHHA. ABOUT LBTsDPK FPYULE CHNEUFP DCHHI-FTEI FEMEZHPOYUFCH OBIPDYMUS, LBL RTBCHYMP, PYO, RPUFPSOOP DOYEN Y OPYUSHA, OEDEMSNY, NEUSGBNY, DETTSB FEMEZHPOOKHA FTHVLH X HIB. uPMDBFSCH RTYURPUBVMYCHBMYUSH Y L LFPNH. L FEMEZHPOOPK FTHVLE RTYCHSCHCHBMY OEVPMSHYHA REFMA YY YRBZBFB YMY LHULB LBVEMS Y OBDECHBMY FFH REFMA ABOUT ZPMCHKH, FBL YuFP X NOZZYI DBTSE CHSCHFETMYUSH CHPMPUSCH CH FFPN VYUFEB

FEMEZHPO OEMSHЪS VSHMP VTPUYFSHOY ABOUT NYOHFH — DOYEN CHUE CHTENS RETEDBCHBMYUSH LPNBODSCH Y RTYLBBOYS, B OPYUSHA YUETE LBTsDShCHE 10–15 NYOHF RTPCHETSMBUSH YURTBCHOPUFSH UCHSY. th EUMY FEMEZHPOYUF OB CHSHCHCH OE PFCHEYUBM, OB MOYA RPUSCHMBMUS MYOEKOSHCHK UCHSYUF.

rPNOA, LBL-FP OPYUSHA OE PFCHEFIM FEMEZHPOYUF PDOPK Y FPYUEL, EZP RPSHCHCHOPK VSHCHM "lBBOSH". DETSKHTIME FBN PYO UPMDBF, FBFBTYO RP OBGIPOBMSHOPUFY, ZPCHPTYCHYYK U DPCHPMSHOP BLNEFOSHCHN BLGEOFPN. with OEULPMSHLP TB CHSHCHCHCHBM EZP, OP PFCHEFB OE VSCHMP. CHUE FEMEZHPOYUFSHCH OBIPDYMYUSH ABOUT DTHZYI MOYOSI, RTYYMPUSH VETSBFSH UBNPNKh. VETH CH THLY MYOYA Y VEZH RP OEK CH RPYULBI RPTSCHCHB. oPYUSH, PHENOP, OYUEZP RPYUFY OE CHIDOP.

rTPVETSBM PLPMP LYMPNEFTB — MYOYS GEMB, Y YMB POB CH OEVPMSHYPK VMYODBTSYL, HERE WE GO FEMEZHPOYUF. vMYODBTS YNEM OEVPMSHYPE RETELTSCHFIYE YЪ VTECHEO, CHIPD CH OEZP VSCHM Yuete Pfchetufye Ch RPFPMLE. ZMHVYOB VMYODBTsB VSCHMB OENOPZYN VPMSHIE NEFTTB. bBUHOHM ZPMPCHH H DSHCHTH Y RPCHBM: "lBBOSH". CHYTSH, NPK FEMEZHPOYUF URYF UYDS X FEMEZHPOB, RTYUMPOYCHYUSH URYOPK L UFEOE VMYODBTsB, CH LPFPTPN NETGBM PZPOEL LHULB ZPTECHYEZP LBVEMS. rPCHFPTSA UYMSHOEE: "LBBOSH!"; FEMEZHPOYUF PFCHEYUBEF BCHFPNBFYUEULY: "LBBOSH UMAYBA". OP DMS FPZP YuFPVSH HUMSHCHYBFSH PFCHEF RP FEMEZHPOKH, OBDP OBTSBFSH TBZPCHPTOSHCHK LMBRBO CH NYLTPFEMEZHPOOPK FTHVLE, B FBL LBL UPMDBF URBM, FP, EUFEUFCHEOOP, PO FFPZP CHPCHPOOE UMBYSHCHK, IPFS CHYDS FFP, S LTYLOHM UIMSHOEEE: "LBBOSH!" UPMDBF CHODTPZOHM, RTPUOHMUS, OBTSBM LMBRBO Y PFCHEFYM. pVTHZBCH EZP LBL UMEDHEF, PFRTBCHYMUS OBBD.

pVSCHUOP H VMYODBTSE OBIPDYMPUSH DCHE-FTY FEMEZHPOOSCHI FPYULY - BTFYMMETYUFSHCH, NYOPNEFYUYLY, REIPFB; Y EUMMY UMHYUBMUS RPTSCHCH ABOUT MYOYY, FEMEZHPOYUF PUFBCHMSM FEMEZHPO ABOUT RPREUEOYE UPUEDB Y VETSBM ABOUT MYOYA. LTPNE FPZP, OBDP CE VSHMP TEYBFSH Y UCHPY MYUOSCHE TSYFEKULIE OKHTSDSCH, RPFPNKh OETEDLP UPMDBFSCH CHSHCHTHYUBMY DTHZ DTHZB. GERMSM PYO RP DCHE FTHVLY ABOUT ZPMPCHH, DBCBS DTHZPNH CHPNPTSOPUFSH PFMHYuYFSHUS OB 5–10 NYOHF. fTHDOEE VSCHMP, LPZDB FEMEZHPOYUF PUFBCHBMUS PYO. bB UBNPCHPMSHOPE, VE TBTEYOYES, PUFBCHMEOYE UCHPEZP NEUFB TBURTBCHB NPZMB VShFSH UBNPK TSEUFPLPK, CHRMPFSH DP TBUUFTEMB ABOUT NEUFE. ZhTPOF EUFSH ZhTPOF, FBN OELPZDB TBVYTBFSHUS, RTBCH YMY OE RTBC, ZMBCHOPE - VPEChBS TBVPFB, VPEChBS bbdbyub.

LTPNE FEMEZHPOOSCHI MYOYK Y PLPROSCHI FEMEZHPOOSCHI UFBOGIK ABOUT RETEDOEN LTBE CHCHPD PVUMHTSYCHBM Y MYOYA CH FSHM, CH YFBV RPMLB. its RTPFSTSEOOPUFSH UPUFBCHMSMB RPTSDLB RSFY LYMPNEFTCH. хЮЙФЩЧБС, ЮФП ФЕМЕЖПОЩ Х ОБУ ВЩМЙ УМБВПЧБФЩЕ (хоб-ж, ФП ЕУФШ ХОЙЖЙГЙТПЧБООЩК ОПУЙНЩК БРРБТБФ ЖПОЙЮЕУЛЙК), НОПЗП УЙМ РТЙИПДЙМПУШ ЪБФТБЮЙЧБФШ ДМС ФПЗП, ЮФПВЩ Й УМЩЫЙНПУФШ ВЩМБ ИПТПЫЕК, Й МЙОЙС ВЩМБ ЙУРТБЧОПК. b Yuen DMYOOEE MYOYS, FEN LFY RBTNEFTSC HIKHDYBMYUSH. pUPVEOOP DPOINBMY RPTSCHCHSHCH, CH PUOPCHOPN YЪ-ЪB BTFPVUFTEMPCH.

rPUPCHEFPCHBCHYUSH UP UCHPYNY LPNBODYTBNY PFDEMEOYK, NSC TEYYMY FEMEZHPOOKHA MOYA ABOUT IFBV RTPMPTSYFSH bOPCHP. rTETSOSS MYOYS YMB CHDPMSH DPTPZY, ZDE LTPNE OBYEK MYOYY VSHMP VPMSHYPE LPMYUEUFCHP DTHZYI. DBCE CH HUMPCHYSI, LPZDB MYOYS VSCHMB GEMB, RTPUMKHIYCHBMYUSH RP YODHLGYY RETEZPCHPTSHCH YUKHTSYI UFBOHYK. nBTYTHF OPCHPK MYOYY CHSHCHVTBMY CH PUOPCHOPN RP VPMPFBN, B ZDE OEMSHЪS, BLBRSHCHCHBMY CH ENMA. lPOEYUOP, RTYYMPUSH RPFTHDYFSHUUS Y RPNPLOHFSH H VVPMPFBI. ъBFP RPFPN, LPZDB CHSCHRBM UOEZ Y HLTSCM GENERAL MOYA, POB TBVPFBMB DP UBNPK CHEUOSCH VEEPFLBOP. tBTSCHCHSHCH UOBTSDPCH Y NYO, DBCE CHVMYY PF MYOYY, CHTEDB EK OE RTYUYOSMY. uOBTSD YMY NYOB HIPDYMY CH VPMPFP, CHSCVTBUSCHCHBS ZHPOFBO ZTSY. PUOPCHOBS NBUUB PULPMLPC PUFBCHBMBUSH CH VPMPFE.

CHEUOPK, LPZDB BLFICHYYTPCHBMYUSH VECHSHCHE DECUFCHYS, OBYB MYOYS DECUFCHCHBMB VEHRTEYUOP. oETEDLP YЪ DTHZYI YUBUFEK RTYIPDYMY L OBN, YUFPVSCH RP OBBYEK MYOYY Y YUETEЪ OBY YFBV RPMLB RETEDBFSH LBLPE-FP UTPYUOPE TBURPTSEOYE CH UCHPA YUBUFSH.

pDOBTsDCH ZDE-FP CH ZHECHTBME 1943 ZPDB LPNBOYT RPMLB RTYLBBM DBFSH UCHSHSH ABOUT RETEDPPCHPK OBVMADBFEMSHOSHCHK RHOLF. fBN VSCHMB UDEMBOB OEVPMSHYBS YЪVKHYLB YЪ FPMUFSHCHI VTECHEO. ACCOUNT OF POB YNEMB DCHB OBLBFB, LTPNE FPZP, UOBTHTSY UFEOSCH VSCHMY HLTERMEOSCH CHETFYLBMSHOSHCHNY UFPMVBNY. uFP CH LBLPC-FP UFEROOY ЪBEYEBMP PF PULPMLPC Y RHMSh. rTBCHDB, RTSNPE RPRBDBOYE UOBTSDB LFP UPPTKhTSEOYE CHTSD MY VSHCH CHSHCHDETSBMP.

lPZDB RTPFSOHMY FEMEZHPOOKHA MYOYA, NOE UFBMP Y'CHEUFOP, UFP LPNBODYT RPMLB HRTBCHMSM PZOEN RP TBDYP. oENGSCH BUELMY TBDYPUFBOGYA Y VBVTPUBMY VMYODBTS UOBTSDBNY Y NYOBNY. CHUS ENMS CHPLTKhZ VMYODBTsB VSCHMB YЪTSCHFB CHPTPOBNY, VHLCHBMSHOP RETERBIBOB. hDYCHYFEMSHOP, LBL HGEMEM UBN VMYODBC CH FFPN BDH. LBL FPMSHLP RPUFBCHYMY FEMEZHPO Y HUFBOPCHYMY UCHSHSH, UTBYH CE LPNBODYT RPMLB OBYUBM HRTBCHMSFSH PZOEN RP FEMEZHPOH.

PUETEDOPK BTFOBMEF CHTBZB. ENMS TSDPN U VMYODBTsPN UFBOCHYFUS DSHVPN PF TBTSCHCHCHCH. h PUOPCHOPN POY TCHFUS CH FSHMKH OBYEZP VMYODBTsB, NEFTCH 50–70 RPBDY. UCHSH, LPOEYUOP, CHSHYMB Y UFTPS. LPNBOYT RPMLB FTEVHEF VSHCHUFTP ChPUUFBOCHYFSH UCHSHSH, YUFPVSH RETEDBFSH LPNBODH ABOUT RPDBCHMEOYE CHTBTSUEULPK VBFBTEY. lBL RPUSCHMBFSH CH FBLPE RELMP UPMDBFB? b YI X NEOS CHUEZP DCHPE. CHSHCHULPYUYM PYO YOYI Y, NBOECHTYTHS NETSDH TBTSCHCHBNY, RPVETSBM RP MOYYY, DETTSB EE CH THLE. CHULPTE UCHSHSH CHPUUFBOCHYMBUSH, OP VHLCHBMSHOP ABOUT UYUYFBOSHCH UELHODSCH, — Y CHOPCHSH PVPTCHBMBUSH. with RPOSM, YUFP UCHSYUF HVYF YMY TBOEO FSTCEMP, EUMY OE NPTSEF CHPUUFBOCHYFSH MYOYA.

rPUSCHMBA CHFPTPZP. OBVMADBEN ULCHPSH DCHETOPK RTPEN U OBYUBMSHOILPN UCH RPMLB OB EZP YZTPK UP UNETFSHHA. PUETEDOPK TBTSCHCHCH, CHETOEE, UETYS TBTSCHCHCHCH, Y NPK UCHSJUF LBL RPDLPIEOOOSCHK RBDBEF ABOUT ENMA - HVYF.

CHULPTE BTFOBMEF RTELTTBFIYMUS, OP S KOBA, UFP LFP OEOBDPMZP. CHSHCHULBLYCHBA YЪ VMYODBTSB, UFP EUFSH UYMSCH VEZH RP MYOYY, RETERTSCHZYCHBS CHPTPOLY. EUFSH RPTSCHCH, VSHCHUFTP ЪBYUEBA Y UPEDYOSA LPOGSCH, RPDLMAYUYM BRRBTBF, UCHSH CH UFPTPOH OR EUFSH, B CH DTKhZHA - OEF. VEZH DBMSHYE, EEE RPTSCHCH. th FHF OBYUBMUS PUETEDOPK PZOECHPK OBMEF. with PLBBMUS CH GEOPTE LFPZP LMPLPYUKHEEZP CHKHMLBOB. DCHE-FTY UELHODSCH NETSDH TBTSCHCHBNY, Y S VTPULPN CHRETED RBDBA CH CHPTPOLKH. VOLUME CHFPTPK LPOEG MOYY, METSB CH ZTSY CH CHPTPOLE. 'HVBNY UTSCHCHBA PRMEFLH LBWEMS Y UTBEYCHBA LPOGSHCH. UOBTSDSC U DILYN CHPEN TCHFUS CHPLTHZ, UCHYUFSF YYMERBAFUS CHPLTHZ PULPMLY, LPNSHS ZTSY MKHRSF RP URYOE. hFLOHMUS ZPMPPCHPK CH CHPTPOKH. LPOEYUOP, PYUEOSH UFTBYOP, FTHDOP CHSHDETSBFSH LFH VEYEOHA RMSULH UNETFY. nBMEOSHLIK RTPNETSHFPL, Y S VTPUBAUSH CH UCHETSKHA CHPTPOKH, JOBS, UFP RP FEPTYY CHETPSFOPUFY DCHB UOBTSDB CH PDOH CHPTPOLKH OE RPRBDBAF. OP CHEDSH FFP FEPTYS, B POB DBMELP OE CHUEZDB UPCHRBDBEF U RTBLFILPK.

NYOHF DEUSFSH DMYMUS PZOECHPK OBMEF, OP BY RPLBMBMUS CHEYUOPUFSHHA. oEVPMSHYPE ЪBFYYSHE. с МЙИПТБДПЮОП ЙЭХ ПВПТЧБООЩЕ ЛПОГЩ РТПЧПДБ, УТБЭЙЧБА ЙИ, ЧЙЦХ, ЛБЛ ОБЮБМШОЙЛ УЧСЪЙ РПМЛБ (ПО ОБИПДЙМУС ЧНЕУФЕ У ЛПНБОДЙТПН РПМЛБ Й ФЕРЕТШ ЧЩРПМОСМ ПВСЪБООПУФЙ ДЕЦХТОПЗП ФЕМЕЖПОЙУФБ) РПДБЕФ НОЕ ЪОБЛЙ ТХЛБНЙ, ЮФП УЧСЪШ ЕУФШ.

RPF ЪBMYCHBEF MYGP Y URYOKH, IPFS ABOUT HMYGE ЪYNB. oEULPMSHLP NYOHF METSH, PFDSCHYBMUS. OBA, UFP ULPTP VKhDEF OPCHSCHK PZOECHPK OBMEF. OENGSHCH REDBOFYUOSCHK OBTPD - TBI OBYUBMY PVUFTEM, FP VHDHF RTPDPMTSBFSH EZP, RPLB OE RPFTEVHEFUS RETEOYUFY PZPOSH ABOUT DTHZHA GEMSH. x OENGECH HLPLMEKLB, Y, UHDS RP CHUENKH, OEDPUFBFLB CH UOBTSBI POY OE PEHEBAF, BH OBU TSEUFLIK MYNYF. BYUBUFHA ABOUT PDOP PTHDYE CH UHFLY PFRHULBAF PYO UOBTSD.

reTEDPIOHCH, PFPYEM OBBD NEFTCH UFP, HLTSHMUS RPD CHCHCHPTPUEOOSCHN DETECHPN, CHA. CHULPTE CHOPCHSH OBYUBMUS PZOECHPK OBMEF, DYLBS RMSULB UNETFY. MYOYS, LPOEYUOP, PRSFSH VSCHMB RETEVIFB, Y CHOPCHSH MYIPTBDPYUOP YEKH LPOGSCH RTCHPDCH. obmef LPOYUYMUS CHOEBROP, FBL CE LBL Y OBYUBMUS. NETsDH PZOECHCHNY OBMEFBNY ​​RTPFYCHOYL CHTENS DETSYF LFPF HYBUFPL RPD PVUFTEMPN, NEFPDYUEULY RPUSCHMBS UOBTSD OB UOBTSDPN Yuete LBTSDSHCHE 20–30 UELHOD.

CHUS MYOYS CH HIMBI, Y UMSCHYNPUFSH, LPOEYUOP, IHCE. x NEOS U UPVPK, LTPNE FEMEZHPOOPZP BRRBTBFB, LBFHYLB LBVEMS, NEFTCH RSFSHUPF. RPOSCH, YuFP Oengshhh PFUFHREMYUSH PF BFPZP Hubuflb, Chefy Pvuftem DBMSHYYA, with PDOPN YH HMPCHEYYYAYYYA PVUFTMIB RPDPHPD PVPHILPK PVPPPK BCPPP. oEULPMSHLP TB RTYIPDYMPUSH VTPUBFSHUS CH CHPTPOLY, LPZDB UOBTSD HZTPTSBAEE MEPHEM ABOUT NEO. h CHPTPOLBI CHPDB, CHSHCHNPL CHEUSH OBULCHPSH, OP MOYA RPDFSOHM.

LPNBOYT RPMLB UFHYUIF RYUFPMEFPN RP RPDPVYA UFPMB YJ TSETDEK, FTEVHEF UCHSHSH. PUETEDOPK PZOECHPK OBMEF CHOPCHSH REVEYM MYOYA. th FHF RPSCHMSAUSH S U RPUMEDONY NEFTTBNY LBVEMS ABOUT LBFHYLE. OBYUBMSHOIL UCHSIY ICHBFBEF HER, MYIPTBDPYUOP RPDUPEDYOSEF RTCHPD L FEMEZHPOKH - EUFSH UCHSHSH! LPNBOYT RPMLB NETSDH LPNBODBNY RPDVBDTYCHBEF NEOS PDPVTSAEIN CHZMSDPN, UCHSH TBVPFBEF HUFPKYUCHP. b UCHSHSH ABOUT ZHTPOFE - FFP OETCH BTNYY, DB Y CH NYTOPE CHTENS FPTS.

UOYNBA UBRPZY, CHSHCHMYCHBA CHPDKH, CHSHTSYNBA RPTFSOLY Y UOPCHB b TBVPPFH, RPLB b FEMEZHPOYUFB. eee OE RPDPYEM UPMDBF-FEMEZHPOYUF, CHSHCHCHBOOSCHK U GEOPTBMSHOPK UFBOGYY.

CHEUSH SOCHBTSH Y ZHECHTTBMSh RTPDPMTSBMYUSH FTSEMSHCHE VPI, ZYVMY FSHCHUSYuY MADEK, OP TEHMSHFBFB RTBLFYUEULY OILBLPZP.

h OBYUBME NBTFB 1943 ZPDB S RPMKHYUYM RTYLBBOYE ABOUT PTZBOYBGYA RTCHPDOPK UCHSHCHSHCHK TBKPO. MYOYA OBDP VSCHMP FSOHFSH NOPZPLYMPNEFTCHHA, B YUEN DMYOOEE MYOYS, FEN NEOSHY OBDETSOPUFY. at DCHKHNS FEMEZHPOYUFBNY RPFSOHMY MYOYA. x LBTsDPZP RP 5–6 LBFHYEL LBVEMS, LBTsDBS 7–8 LYMPZTBNNPC Y RP FEMEZHPOOPNKh BRRBTBFH. with FPCE OBZTHYIMUS OBTBCHOE UP CHUENY. OBNOE VEMSHCHK NBULYTPCHPYUOSCHK IBMBF - RETEDPCHBS TSDPN.

CHEUSH DEOSH FSOKHMY MYOYA. HUFBM DP OECHPЪNPTSOPUFY. eME DPVTEM DP RTPNETSHFPYuOPK UFBOGIY - FBN FEMEZHPOYUF UPPTHDYM YЪ CHEFCHEK EMY Y UPUOSCH YBMBY. h YBMBYE ZPTYF OEVPMSHYPK LPUFET, UEM TSDPN U LPUFTPN, OE IBNEFYM, LBL HUOHM. rTPUOKHMUS, LPZDB OBNOE OBZPTEMUS NBULIBMBF Y PVPTSZMP MYGP. rTYYMPUSH BCHBMYFSHUS CH UOEZ, UFPVSCH RPFHYYFSH FMEAEIK NBULIBMBF.

h NBTFE 1943 ZPDB OBYUBMPUSH OBUFHRMEOYE CHPKUL UECHETP-yBRBDOPZP ZhTPOFB, CH FPN YUYUME Y ABOUT Hyubufle 1-K hDBTOPK BTNYY, LPFPTPK LPNBODPCHBM ZEOETBM lHJOEGPCH. tBOP HFTPN CHUEN DEKUFCHPCHBCHYYN CH RETCHPN LYEMPOE OBUFHRMEOYS CHSHCHDBMY RPZPOSHCH.

rPNOA, LBL RETED BFBLPK UPMDBFSCH UOYNBMY YOYEMY, PUFBCHBSUSh FPMSHLP CH CHBFOILBI, UFPVSCH MEZUE VSCHMP BFBLPCBFSH. h RETCHSHCHK CE DEOSH HDBMPUSH RTPTCHBFSH PVTPPOH RTPFYCHOYLB. 1-S HDBTOBS BTNYS DECUFCHPCHBMB ATSOEEE DENSOULPZP LPFMB, OBOPUS HDBT H TBKOE UEM bMHYUSHE, zPDYMPCHP, nBFBUCHP, H UBNPZP PUOPCHBOYS ZPTMPCHYOSCH PLTHCEOOPC ZTHRRYTPCHLY. chTBZ HRPTOP UPRTPFICHMSMUS. bB NOPZYE NEUSGSCH PVPTPPOSHCH BY RTYUFTEMSM LBTsDShKK LHUFYL Y FERETSCH THAN PTSEUFPYUEOOOSCHK RTYGEMSHOSHCHK PZPOSH YЪ CHUEI CHIDPCH PTHTSYS.

h OEVE FPCE YEM STPUFOSHCHK BCHYBGIPOOSCHK VPK. pFFHDB USCHRBMYUSH ABOUT ENMA PULPMLY PF UBNPMEFPCH, B YOPZDB Y UBNPMEFSCH RBDBMY ABOUT ENMA.

oBUFHRMEOYE YMP FSCEMP, VPMSHYE RPFETY OEUMMY OBBY CHPKULB, OP OBUFPKYUYCHP, HRPTOP "RTPZTSCHBMY" CHTBTSEULHA PVPTPOH. hsfshch UEMB bmhyushe, zPDYMPCHP, nBFBUCHP. FF HCE KHUREI. rTPFICHOIL, YUHCHUFCHHS, UFP OBTECHBEF OPCHSHCHK LPFEM, OBYUBM RPUFEREOOP PFIPDYFSH, CHSHCHTBCHOYCHBS ZHTPOF. CHULPTE DENSOULYK LPFEM RETEUFBM UHEEUFCHPCHBFSH, OP PLTHTSYFSH CHTBTSEULYE CHPKULB OE HDBMPUSH. YuBUFY 1-K hDBTOPK BTNY CHCHYMY ABOUT THVETS TEL TEDS Y DEUSH RETEYMY L PVPTPOE.

VPECHSHCHE RPTSDLY OBYEZP 37-ZP ZCHBTDEKULPZP BTFRPMLB TBURPMBZBMYUSH H TBKPE UEMB rPDDPTSHE. rPML RPDDETSYCHBM 14-K ZCHBTDEKULYK UFTEMLPCHSHCHK LPTRHU, LPFPTSCHK CHIPDYM CH UPUFBCH 1-K hDBTOPK BTNYY.

CHEUOB RPMOPUFSHHA CHUFKHRYMB CH UCHPY RTBCHB, CHUE CHPLTHZ RPLTSCHMPUSH FBMPK CHPDK, DPTPZY UFBMY OERTPIPDYNSCH. rPDCHP RTPPDCHPMSHUFCHYS RTELTBFYMUS. yOPZDB х-2 UVTBUSCHCHBM OEULPMSHLP NEYLPCH UHIBTEK, LPFPTSHCHE RTECHTBEBMYUSH CH LTPYECHP, DB Y DPUFBCHBMYUSH FPMSHLP FEN, LFP KHUREM OBKFY. b FBL LBL LFP RTPYUIPDYMP CH FENOPE CHTENS, FP YOPZDB NEYLY RPRBDBMY L RTPFICHOYLH. l FPNKh TSE MEFUYL CHUEZDB CHSHVYTBM RPMSOH H MEUKH Y ABOUT OEE UVTBUSCHCHBM UCHPK ZTKh. OP CH FFK VPMPFYUFPK NEUFOPUFY RPMSOB CHUEZDB VSCHMB VPMPFPN, RTYUEN YUBUFP ZMHVPLYN, U FTSUYOPK, Y HCE OE PYO UPMDBF HYEM CH FFH FTSUYOH CH RPRSHFLE DPUFBFSH TSEMBOOSHCHK NEYPL.

rTPPDCHPMSHUFCHYS CHPPVEE OILBLPZP OE CHSHCHDBCHBMY, Y ZPMPD NHYUYM PUOPCHBFEMSHOP. yOPZDB HDBCHBMPUSH OBVTBFSH ABOUT VPMPFE LMACHSHCH, ZTSCHMY VETEEPCHHA LPTH. pDOBCDSCH LPNBODYT PFDEMEOYS UETZBOF flBYuHL RPDUFTEMYM LBLHA-FP RFYGH, OE FP UPTPLH, OE FP CHPTPOH. UCHBTYMY UHR, UYAEMY EZP NYZPN. xDBYUK UYUYFBMPUSH, EUMY HDBCHBMPUSH OBKFY HVYFHA MPYBDSH. her OENEDMEOOP TBDEMSCHCHBMY VHLCHBMSHOP DP ICHPUFB, CHUE YMP CH RYEKH. CHBTYMY HER YUBUB FTY YMY YUEFSHCHTE. bb ffp chtens u oee chshchipdymp nopzp reoshch: bjubufha lpoyob vschmb xtse h zpdbi y, lpoeyuop, tseuflbs. OP ZPMPD DEMBM UCHPE DEMP. oETEDLP CHEUOPK YJ-RPD UOEZB RPSCHMSMBUSH FHYB, HVYFBS EEE PUEOSHA. POB FPCE YMB CH IPD, IPFS, LBL RTBCHYMP, VSHMB U DHYLPN. h PVEEN RIFBOYE, PUPVEOOP ABOUT RETEDPPK, VSHMP ULKHDOSCHN Y OETEZHMSTOSHCHN. ZPMPDBFSH RTYIPDYMPUSH YUBUFP.

bB VPI H SOCHBTE - NBTFE NEOS OBZTBDYMY PTDEOPN lTBUOPK YCHEDSHCH. rTYLB RPDRYUBM LPNBODYT 14-ZP ZCHBTDEKULPZP UFTEMLPCHPZP LPTRHUB. ChRTPYUEN, OBZTBDOPK MYUF SOE CHYDEM YOE OYOBA, UFP FBN VSCHMP OBRJUBOP. s, LPOEYUOP, VSCHM ZPTD LFPK OBZTBDPK, NOE CHEDSH VSCHMP FPMSHLP 19 MEF.

FFPF RYJPD ZHTPOFPCHPK TSOYOY FEI MEF S PRYYH VPME RPDTPVOP.

CHEUOB 1943 ZPDB ABOUT UCHETP-BRBDOPN ZHTPOFE OBUFKHRIMB OEPTSYDBOOP TBOP. xCE CH NBTFE STLPE UPMOGE TBUFPRYMP UOEZ, FBMBS CHPDB UBMYMB CHUE CHPLTHZ ABOUT DEUSFLY, B NPTCEF, Y UPFOY LIMPNEFTCH. MEUB, RPMS, NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHE VPMPFB - CHUE VSCHMP ЪBMYFP CHPDK, FPMSHLP OEVPMSHYYE VKhZPTLY CHPCHSCHYBMYUSH OBD OEK. TBULYUMY DPTPZY, BMYFSHCH CHPDPK PLPRSHCH, FTBOYEY, VMYODBTSY. URMPYOPE NPTE CHPDSH, OBULPMSHLP ICHBFBEF CHYDYNPUFY.

PTHDYS OBYEK VBFBTEY TBNEUFIMYUSH ABOUT RMPFBI Y FPMUFSCHI VTECHEO, VMBZP LTHZPN MEU. with U RBTPK TBCHEDYuYLPC Y FEMEZHPOYUFPC RPUFPSOOP OBIPDYMUS ABOUT ROR (RETEDPCHPN OBVMADBFEMSHOPN RHOLFE) H VBFBMShPOE, LPFPTPNKH VSCHMB RTYDBOB OBYB VBFBTES. OBN RPCHEMP - OBY VMYODBTSYL CHSHTSCHF ABOUT OEEPMSHYPN LPUPPZPTE Y ChPDB UADB OE DPUFBEF.

bLFYCHOSCHE VEChSCHE DECUFCHYS RTELTBFIMYUSH - OEF RPDCHPB VPERTYRBUCH; CH FBLPK UYFKHBGYY OE RPCHPAEYSH. fPMSHLP YЪTEDLB, FP CH PDOPC, FP CH DTHZPK UFPTPOE, UMSCHYOSCH PFDEMSHOSHCHE CHCHUFTEMSHCH, FP MY VPECHPE PITBOOYE LFP-FP RPFTECHPTSYM, FP MY LBLPK ЪCHETSH YMY RFIGB RPRBMY OB NHYLH.

уПМДБФЩ, ЛБЛ ЪБКГЩ Х ДЕДБ нБЪБС, ХУФТБЙЧБАФУС ЗДЕ-ОЙВХДШ ОБ РПЧБМЕООПН ДЕТЕЧЕ, ВМБЗП ЛТХЗПН ИЧПКОЩК МЕУ, УХЫБФ ОБ УПМОГЕ ЧЩНПЛЫЙЕ ЪБ ОПЮШ ЫЙОЕМЙ, РПТФСОЛЙ, РМБЭ-РБМБФЛЙ, ВЕЪЪМПВОП РПТХЗЙЧБСУШ ОБ ЛБРТЙЪЩ РПЗПДЩ. CHUE TBZPCHPTSHCH LTHFSFUS CHPLTHZ PDOK FENSCH: RTYCHEHF UEZPDOS PVED YMY OEF? xCE NOPZP DOK UYDYN ABOUT ZPMPDOPN RBKLE, IPTPYP, EUMY DBDHF RP PDOPNH UHIBTA DB RP LTHTSLE LYRSFLB ABOUT CHEUSH DEOSH. b OBN, BTFYMMETYUFBN, EEE FTHDOEE: OBYB DYCHYYPOOBS LHIOS ZDE-FP LIMPNEFTBI CH RSFY UBDY, CH FSHCHMH, RPRTPVHK FHDB DPVETYUSH RP URMPYOPK CHPDE! l FPNKH CE Y FBN CH LPFMBI PYO LYRSFPL. NS VETEN UHIYN RBKLPN ABOUT OEULPMSHLP UHFPL Y RPFPN UBNY CHBTYN CH LPFEMLBI. oP HCE OEDEMY DCHE OE DBAF RPYUFY OYUEZP, TBCHE UFP OEULPMSHLP RPDNPYEOOSCHI UHIBTEK. CHUE NSCHUMY UCHPDSFUS L PDOPC: UFP VSC RPEUFSH?

yOPZDB ABOUT VPMPFBI RPRBDBMBUSH LMALCB. UPVYTBMY HER OETEDLP RP RPSU H CHPDE, B FP Y RTCHBMYCHBMYUSH YUHFSH MY OE U ZPMCHPK CH MEDSOHA VPMPFOHA LKHREMSH. CHBTYMY UFP-FP CHTPDE LYUEMS, DPVBCHMSS L SZPDBN LPTH PUYOSCH. rYEB CHSHCHIPDYMB LYUMBS, ZPTSHLPCHBFBS, OP CHUE CE ZPTSYUBS Y LBL-FP HDBCHBMPUSH PVNBOHFSH TsEMHDPL, RPUFPSOOP FTEVHAEK EDSCH. oP HCE VPMSHIE OEDEMY RPIPDSCH b LMALCHPK VSCHMY VEETEKHMSHFBFOSHCHNY - CHUE CHPLTKhZ UPVTBOP.

x NEOS VSCHMB CHETIPCHBS MPYBDLB, LPFPTBS UPPSMB ЪDEUSH CE, CHVMYY VMYODBTSB, CH UREGIBMSHOP CHSHCHTSCHFPN CH LPUPZPTE ЪBZPOYUYLE. VEDOPE TSYCHPFOPE, POP LBTsDSHK TB CHUFTEYUBMP NEOS FPULMYCHSHCHN, ZPMPDOSHCHN CHZMSDPN. eUMMY OBN YOPZDB RETERBDBMP RP UHIBTA, FP DMS MPYBDY OE DBCHBMY OYUEZP. edYOUFCHEOOOSCHN LPTNPN VSCHMY VETEEPCHSHCHE DB PUYOPCHSCHE CHEFLY, YOPZDB LMPYUPL RPTSHIMPK, RTPYMPZPDOEK FTBCHSHCH.

NSC VETEZMY OF GENERAL MPYBDLH LBL ЪOYGH PLB. NPYN UPMDBFBN, PVEUUYMECHYN PF RPUFPSOOPZP OEDPEDBOIS, VSCHMP HCE OE RPD UIMH UPCHETYBFSH CHPSTSY ABOUT GENERAL LHIOA, RSFSH LIMPNEFTCH FKHDB Y UFPMSHLP CE PVTBFOP, IPFS CHUE VSCHMY DEUSMPB. mPYBDLB OBU ChSCHTHYUBMB. OB OEK NPY UPMDBFSCH RP PYUETEDY LBCDSHE FTPE UHFPL EDYMY L UFBTYOE VBFBTEY OB RTPCHYEK.

LBL-FP HFTPN DETSKHTOSHCHK FEMEZHPOYUF DPMPTSYM, UFP NEOS CHSHCHCHCHBAF CH YFBV RPMLB. FETSAUSH CH DPZBDLBI: BYUEN VSC NEOS, LPNBOYTB CHCHPDB, CHSCCHCHBMY CH YFBV RPMLB, ZDE S OH TBH OE VSCHCHBM? RPRTPUYM FEMEZHPOYUFB RP "UPMDBFULPNKH FEMEZTBZHKH" HOBFSH, CH YUEN DEMP. CHULPTE FPF DPMPTSYM, YUFP NEOS Chshchshchchbaf b RPMhyueoyen Obztbdshch, Ptdeob lTBUOPK 'CHEDSHCH', LPFPTSCHN S Vshchm OBZTBTSDEO Ch LPOGE RTPYMPZP, 1942 ZPDB. rTYLB EUFSH RTYLB, Y IPFS OBZTBTSDBAF OE LBTsDSCHK DEOSH Y RPCHPD, LPOEYUOP, RTYSFOSHK, OP DEUSFSH LYMPNEFTCH DP YFBVB Y UFPMSHLP TSE PVTBFOP RP URMPYOPK CHPDE — HDPCHPMSHUFCHYE NBEMPCHYE.

TEYIM EIBFSH ABOUT UCHPEK MPIBDLE. rPYEM DPMPTSYFSH LPNBOYTH VBFBMSHPOB P RPMHYUEOOPN RTYLBBOYY. FPF UPPVEIM NOE, UFP EZP FPTSE CHSHCHCHCHBAF Y RP FPK CE RTYUOYOE. rPJDTBCHYMY DTHZ DTHZB. LPNVBF RTEMPTSYM EIBFSH CHNEUFE, OBIY YFBVSCH TBURPMBZBMYUSH OEDBMELP DTHZ PF DTHZB. oEDBMELP PF OBYEZP ror RTPIPDYMB ZTEKDYTPCHBOOBS DPTPZB, TPCHOPK UFTEMPK RTPTEEBCHYBS MEU: CH PDOH UFPTPOH - TBKGEOFT rPDDPTSHE oCHZPTPDULPK PVMBUFY, FBN RTPFICHOYL, CH DTHZHA UFPPOH - CH. EDEN RP PVPYOYOE DPTPZY, URTBCHB ZMHVPLYK LACEF, DPCHETIH IBRPMOEOOSCHK FBMPK ChPDPK. NOPZYE HYBUFLY DPTPZY FPCE ЪBMYFSHCH CHPDPK. CHRETEDY EDEF LPNVBF, BY OIN EZP LPOCHPD, RPBDY S ABOUT UCHPEK MPYBDLE.

FYYOB, RTYZTECHBEF STLPE UPMOGE, TPVLP PTSYCHBEF RTYTPDB, LPE-ZDE CHSCHZMSDSCHCHBEF EMEOBS FTBCHLB. EDEN YBZPN, GENERAL MPYBDY CHTSD MY CH UPUFPSOY RETEKFI ABOUT SHCHUSH. dB Y OBDP CHOYNBFEMSHOP UNPFTEFSH CHRETED RPD OPZY, CHEDSH NSCH CHVMYY RETEDPPCHPK, Y NIOOSCHE RPMS ЪDEUSHOE TEDLPUFSH, FEN VPMEE ABOUT DPTPZE. dPTPZB RHUFSHHOOB, OILBLPZP DCHYTSEOIS. EDEN, LBL ZPCHPTYFUS, LPRSHFP CH LPRSHFP, YOPZDB RETEVTBUSCHCHBENUS UMPCHBNY.

rTPEIBMY LYMPNEFTB FTY. CHDTKhZ CHRETEDY ZHPOFBO CHPDSH, ZTSY, DSHNB. with OE HUREM PUPOBFSH, YuFP RTPYYPYMP, LBL PLBBMUS CH ZMHVPLPN LACEFE U ZPMCHPK CH MEDSOPK CHPDE. TSDPN VSHEFUS NPS MPYBDLB, RSHCHFBSUSH CHUFBFSH ABOUT OPZY. iPTPYP, UFP WITH EEE KHUREM CHSHCHDETOHFSH OPZH Y U UFTENOY, B FP OBZMPFBMUS VSHCH CHPDSHCH, RPLB CHSHCHME YY-RPD MPYBDY. MEDSOBS CHPDB KHUREMB RPRBUFSH RPD PDETSDH, CH UBRPZY.

CHRETEDY H LACEFE RSHCHFBEFUS CHSHVTBFSHUS J-RPD MPYBDY PTDYOBTEG LPNVBFB. rPNPZ ENH CUFBFSH ABOUT OPZY. fBN TSE, ZDE EIBM LPNVBF, UFTBYOBS LBTFYOB: MPYBDSH EZP TBBPTCBOB OB YBUFY, VSHEFUS CH LPOCHKHMSHUYSI, Y DEUSH TSE, CH CHPTPOLE, VSHCHUFTP ЪBRPMOSAEEKUS ZTSOPK FBMPK CHPDFPK, TBUFEMB FEMB. tBCHPTPUEOOBS CHTSCHCHPN OYTSOSS YUBUFSH EZP FEMB RETENEYBMBUSH U PLTCHBCHMEOOOSCHNY LHULBNY MPYBDY ...

uFTBYOBS, FSCEMBS LBTFYOB. BRELYYEUS ZKHVSH EME YERYUHF RPUMEDOYE UMPCHB: "...yCHBO... BUFTEMY... BUFTEMY". ZPTMP UTSBM LPNPL. TSDPN RMBYUEF LPOCHPD, OE OBEF, UFP DEMBFSh. with RTEMBZBA ENH YЪHTPDPCHBOOSCHE PUFBOLY FEMB LPNVBFB ЪBCHETOHFSH CH RMBE-RBMBFLH, PFCHEEFY CH YFBV RPMLB Y DPMPTSYFSH, YuFP LPNVBF RTYVSHCHM ЪB OBZTBDPK.

NPMYUB EDEN RP DPTPZE. FERETSH WITH CHRETEDY, SB NOPC MPYBDSH LPOCHPDB, LPFPTHA PO CHEDEF CH RPCHPDH, OB OEK CH DCHHI RMBE-RBMBFLBI PUFBOLY LPNVBFB... REYUBMSHOBS RTPGEUUIS.

CHULPTE GENERAL DPTPZY TBUIPDSFUS. yPUUE PUFBMPUSH H UFPTPOE. eDH RP OYLPTPUMPNKH EMSHOYLH, UFBTK CHSHCHTHVLE MEUB. about OEVPMSHYPN RTYZPTLE NPS MPYBDSH PUFBOBCHMYCHBEFUS Y MPTSYFUS ON IDP, EME KHUREM CHSHCHULPYUYFSH YЪ UEDMB. CHSCHVIMBUSH YUYM. DP YFBVB RPMLB EEE LYMPNEFTB DCHB. mpybdsh nps rSCHFBAUSH HER RPZMBDYFSH Y HURPLPIFS: PON CHUE EEE CHODTBZYCHBEF PF RETETSYFPZP.

uFP DEMBFS? vTPUYFSH MPYBDSH OEMSHЪS, OP Y RPDOSFSH HER ABOUT OPZY OECHPЪNPTSOP, VEDOPE TSYCHPFOPE UPCHUEN CHSHCHVYMPUSH YЪ UYM.

rPUNPFTEM CHPLTHZ, RPVMYЪPUFY OH DHYY. uOSM UEDMP, RPCHPD HDEYULY RTYCHSBM L VMYTSBKYENH DETECGH, CHCHBMYM UEDMP ABOUT RMEYU Y RPVTEM H UFPTPOH YFBVB. rHUFSH MPYBDSH PFDPIOEF, RPLB S VHDH IPDIFSH.

at FTHDPN DPVTBMUS DP YFBVB. ON TBNEEBMUS H PDOPN YJ DPNCH OEPPMSHYPK DETECHYLY. x DPNB UFPSMB RPTSBTOBS LBYUBMLB (OBUPU), Y UPMDBFSCH RPYUFY YUETE LBTsDSCHK YUBU LBYUBMY CHPDH Yj-RPD DPNB - RPMCHPDSH RPDOYNBMP RPM.

h YFBVE NOE CHTHYUYMY NPK RETCHSHCHK PTDEO LTBUOPK 'CHEDSHCH 'B RTPYMSHE VPY, RPDTBCHYMY, OBMYMY RPMLTHTSLY CHPDLY, RPMLPFEMLB OBUFPSEEZP ZPTPICHPZP UHRB, DBMY LHUPL OBUFPSEBBE. fBLPZP CHLHUOPZP UHRB WITH O EEM OH DP, OH RPUME LFPZP, B NPTCEF VSHFSH, NOE FBL RPLBMBMPUSH U ZPMPDHIY.

pFDPIOHCH U YUBU, WITH RPYEM PVTBFOP, L UCHPEK MPIBDLE. h LBTNBOE YOYOYEMY VSCHMP DCHB VTYLEFB ZPTPICHPZP UHRB, DCHB VTYLEFB RYEOOPK LBY DB OEULPMSHLP RPMOPCHEUOSCHI UHIBTEK, UVPLH ABOUT TENOOY PE ZHMSTSLE RPVKhMSHLYCHBMB CHPDLB - GEMPE UPUFPSOYE!

CHULPTE RPDPYEM L FPNKh NEUFKH, ZDE PUFBCHYM UCHPA MPYBDSH, VEZBA PF LHUFB L LHUFKH, OP HER OYZDE OE CHYDOP. pYYVYFSHUS WITH OE REFINERIES. oBLPOEG HCHYDEM RHUFHA HDEYULH, RTYCHSBOOHA L DETECCHGH, B RPVMY'PUFY ICHPUF - CHUE, UFP PUFBMPUSH PF NPEK MPYBDY. ChDBMY, LIMPNEFTBI CH RPMKHFPTB, CHYDOSH VSHMY PTHDYS VBFBTEK OBYEZP RPMLB...

ChЪCHBMYCH ABOUT RMEYUY UEDMP Y HDEYULKH, RPVTEM S ABOUT UCHPK ror. DEOSH HCE LMPOYMUS L blbfh. vBZTPCHSCK LTHZ UPMOGB LPUOHMUS CHETIOEK LTPNLY DBMSHOEZP MEUB...

NPY UPMDBFShch VSHCHUFTP UCHBTYMY DCHB LPFEMLB ZPTPICHPZP UHRB, TBMYMY RP LTHTSLBN CHPDLH, UFPS Y NPMYUB RPNSOKHMY LPNVBFB, B BYBFEN NOE EEE TB RTYYMPUSH VTPUBFSH UCHPK LTsDLKH. zhTPOFPCHBS TsYOSH RTPDPMTSBMBUSH.

FP VSHCHM NPK RETCHSHCHK PTDEO, NOYEM DCHBDGBFSHKK ZPD, Y CHUE PUOPCHOSHE UTBTSEOIS VSHCHMY EEE CHRETEDY.

PDOP PFDEMEOYE NPEZP CHCHPDB TBURPMBZBMPUSH CHNEUFE UP NOPA CHVMYY RETEDCHPK. NSCH BOINBMY IPTPYK VMYODBTS, CHCHTSCHFSHCHK H NPMPDPN EMSHOYLE ABOUT CHPCHSHCHIEOOPUFY; ZPCHPTYMY, UFP FFP VSHCHCHYK RBTFYBOULYK MBZETSH.

'DEUSH X NEOS RTPY'PYMB OERTYSFOPUFSH. OPYUSHA YUYUE PYO NPK UPMDBF. ON PITBOSM OBY Y UPUEDOYK VMYODBC. obkhftp RPSCHIMYUSH TBVPFOILY LPOFTTB'CHEDLY "UNETY". dPRTBYCHBMY NEOS Y NPYI UPMDBF, CHSCSUOSS, UFP UPVPK RTEDUFBCHMSM RTPRBCHYK UPMDBF. sing PUNPFTEMY NEUFOPUFSH CHPLTHZ Y RTYYMY L CHSHCHCHPDH, UFP UPMDBFB CHSMB OPYUSHA CHTBTSEULBS TBCHEDZTHRRB. ABOUT ENME VSHCHMY CHIDOSCH UMEDSCH OENEGLYI UBRPZ. IPTPYP, UFP OE ЪBVTPUBMY OBY VMYODBC ZTBOBFBNY. h PVEEN, KhTPL VSCHM UETSHEOSCHK. rTYYMPUSH HUYMYFSH PITBOKH, PUPVEOOP OPYUSHA.

CHULPTE OBY RPML VSHCHM CHSHCHEDEO H VMYTSBKYYK FSHM, OERPDBMELKH PF UEMB nBMFPCHYGB, ZDE RPML RPMKHYuYM RPRPMOOEOYE Y RETEZHPTNYTPCHBMUS, VSCHM HLPNRMELFPCHBO OPCHPK FEIOILPK. oERPDBMELH OBIPDYMUS RETEDOYK LTBC VSCCHYEK OENEGLPK PVTPPOSCCH, Y NSC YOPZDB IPDYMY FHDB, UOYNBMY FBN FEMEZHPOOSCHK LBVEMSH Y DTHZPE YNHEEUFCHP. oETEDLP LFP-FP RPDTSCHCHBMUS ABOUT CHTBTSEOULYI NYOBI. hDYCHMSMYUSH NSCH OENEGLPK PVUFPFSFEMSHOPUFY, U LBLPK POI PVCUFTPYMY UCHPA PVPTPOKH. vMYODBTSY VSCHMY PVIFSCH CHOKHFTY DPUBLBNY, YNEMYUSH DPEBFSCHE DCHHILFTSOSCHE OBTSCH, DBTSE FHBMEF VSCHM PVPTKHDPCHBO RP CHUEN RTBCHYMBN. ftboyey ABOUT CHSHCHUPLPN NEUFE VSCHMY H RPMOSHK TPUF, Y UFEOSCH FBLCE VSCHMY HLTERMEOSCH CETDSNY YMY DPULBNY. h RPMHFPTB LYMPNEFTBI PF RETEDOEZP LTBS OBIPDYMUS UBNSCHK OBUFPSEYK DPN PFDSHCHB DMS UPMDBF Y CHEDE ZPTSCH VHFSHCHMPL. yOPZDB CHUFTEYUBMYUSH VMYODBTSY, PDOB Y UFEO LPFPTSHCHI VSCHMB CHSHMPTSEOB YЪ RHUFSHCHI VHFSHCHMPL. about RPDUFKHRBI LOENEGLPK PVPTPOE CH FTBCHE OETEDLP CHUFTEYUBMYUSH FTHRSCH OBYI UPMDBF, RPZYVYI CH VPSI. OYLFP YI OE IPTPOYM.

tBVPFBS LPNBODYTPN CHCHPDB UCHSY, WITH CHUE CHTENS RTPUYMUS ABOUT BTFYMMETYKULHA DPMTSOPUFSH. CHULPTE NPS RTPUSHVB VSCHMB HDPCHMEFCHPTEOB. CHEUOPK 1943 ZPDB NEOS OBOBYUMY LPNBODYTPN 2-ZP PZOECHPZP CHCHPDB VBFBTEY. about ChPPTKhTSEOY VBFBTEY OBIPDYMYUSH 76-NN RHYLY PVTBGB 1939 ZPDB. rTPCHPDYMY ЪBOSFYS RP PZOECHPK RPDZPPFPCHLE Y RP FBLFILE. zPFCHYMYUSH L OPCHSHCHN VPSN.

CHULPTE RPML RETEIEM ABOUT OPCHSCHA YFBFSCH. TSD PZHYGETPCH, CH FPN YUYUME Y S, CHCHYMY OB YFBF. nSCH PFLPNBODYTPCHCHCHBMYUSH H TEJETCH ZHTPOFB. obYUBMSHOIL YFBVB RPMLB, RPDRYUSCHCHBS LPNBODYTPCHPYUOPE RTEDRYUBOYE, KHCHYDEM NPA ZHBNYMYA, CHCHCHBM Y URTPUIM, RPYUENKh S OE ULBBM ENKH, UFP CHSHCHCHEDEO IB YFBF. PO BSCHYM, UFP S IPTPYP RPLBBM UEVS H VPSI Y NEOS OBDP VSCHMP PUFBCHYFSH H RPMLH. OP RTYLB HCE RPDRYUBO. CHNEUFE U DTHZYNY PZHYGETBNY NSC OBRTBCHYMYUSH H EDTPCHP, ZDE RP-RTETSOENH OBIPDYMUS 69-K BRBUOPK BTFRPML. fBL S ChFPTPK TBI RPRBM UADB.

DYCHYYPO TEJETCHB PZHYGETULPZP UPUFBCHB TBNEEBMUS H OBBLPNPN NOE MEUKH H VPMSHYI ENMSOLBI. sing RTEDUFBCHMSMY UPVPK VPMSHYHA LCHBDTBFOHA SNH: URTBCHB Y UMECHB ENMSOSCHE OBTSCH, RPLTSCHFSHCHE EMPCCHN MBROYLPN, CHYDBCHYNY CHYDSCH UPMDBFULYNY NBFTBUBNY Y RPDHYLBNY, OBVYFNPKNY UP. LTSCHYB VSCHMB DCHHIULBFOBS, RPUTEDYOE FPMUFPE VTECHOP, ABOUT LPFPTPE MPTSYMYUSH TSETDY, RPLTSCHFSCHE EMPCHSHCHN MBROYLPN Y BUSCHRBOOSCHE ACCORDING TO ENMEK. CHPF Y CHUE HDPVUFCHB, CHUE PUFBMSHOPE CH UPUEDOYI LHUFBI. xNSCHCHBMYUSH X VMYTSBKYYEZP VPMPFB, ZDE VSCHMB CHSCHTSCHFB SNB Y CHUEZDB UFPSMB CHPDB.

LPTNYMYUSH NSC YЪ PVSCHYuOPK RPIDPDOK LHIOY. RYEB VSCHMB UBNBS OERTYIPFMYCHBS: UHR YMY HEY Y LBYB ABOUT CHFPTP DB SUBK. OYLBLPK UFPMPCHPK, LPOEYUOP, OE VSHMP. RPD DETECHSHSN YY CETDEK VSCHMY UPPTKhTSEOSH RTYNYFYCHOSHE UFPMSCH Y FBLIE CE UIDEOSHS. LTPNE PVSCHYuOPK RYEY, PZHYGETBN CHSHCHDBCHBMY PYO TB B H NEUSG DPRPMOIFEMSHOSCHK RBEL: VBOKH LPOUECHPCH (PVSCHYuOP CH FPNBFOPN UPHUE), RBYLKH REYUEOSHS, LHUPL NBUMB YMY UBMB, ZTBNPCH 0.40–40–40

CHSCHDBCHBMY CHUEN FBVBL. rPNOA, ChSCHDBMY BTPNBFOSHK FBVBL "ATSOSHK". with OE LHTYM Y PFDBCHBM EZP DTHZYN. sFPF FBVBL USCHZTBM ЪМХА YХФЛХ. RBYULY FBVBLB VSCHMY RPIPTSY ABOUT RBYULY UBS. RPCHBT X LPZP-FP URTPUYM PDOH YMY DCHE RBYULY YUBS Y RPMPTSYM YI CH VMYODBTSE ABOUT RPMLH, ZDE ITBOIMUS SUBK. tBOP HFTPN CH PDYO YЪ DOEK, VBCHBTYCHBS SUBK, PO CHNEUFP YUBS VTPUYM CH LPFEM RBYULH FBVBLB. NSCH RYMYY SUBK NPMYUB, RPFPN LFP-FP ULBBM, UFP SUBK ZPTSHLYK. CHUE BYKHNEMY, UPVTBMYUSH CHPME LPFMB. rPCHBT, YuKhS OEMBDOPE, DMYOOSHCHN UETRBLPN RPDDEM UP DOB BCHBTLH. POB TBURBTYMBUSH Y OBRPNYOBMB LHYUH FTBCHSHCH. uFBMP SUOP, UFP LFP FBVBL. rPTKHZBCHYYUSH Y RPUNESCHIYUSH, TB'PYMYUSH. l CHEYUETH HOBMY, UFP RPCHBTB BTEUFPCHBMB CHPEOOBS LPOFTTBBUCHEDLB "UNETY". ENH RTYRYUBMY RPRSHCHFLH PFTBCHYFSH PZHYGETCH. OEMERSHCHK UMHYUBK, OP UHDSHVB LFPZP OECHIOOPZP YuEMPCHELB VSCHMB TEIEOB.

h OBYEK YENMSOLE, CHRTPUEN LBL Y CH DTHZYI, VSHMP OEUNEFOPE YUYUMP LTSHU. dPRRBEL NSC LMBMY ABOUT GEOPHTMBMSHOHA VBMLH RPD RPFPMLPN. LTSCHUSCH VSHCHUFTP TBURTBCHMSMYUSH UP CHUEN, UFP VSCHMP YN RP ЪHVBN. pVSCHUOBS LBTFYOB: RTYIPDYN U PVEDB, MPTSYNUS CHDTENOHFSH. LBL FPMSHLP CHUYE HMEZMYUSH, LTSCHUSCH CH PYUETEDSh DTKhZ bb DTKhZPN OB BRPMBAF ABOUT VBMLH, Y RPYMB TBVPFB. th FHF RP EME ЪBNEFOPNKh CHNBIKH THLY TBBDBEFUS UTBYKH OEULPMSHLP CHSHCHUFTEMPCH YЪ RYUFPMEFPCH Y OBZBOCH. UFELMSOOSCHE VBOLY CHDTEVEZY, LTSCHUSCH LHVBTEN RBDBAF ABOUT RPM Y TBBEZBAFUS. ъBFP YuETE OEULPMSHLP NYOHF RTYVEZBEF DETSKHTOSHCHK RP RPMLKh ChSCHSUOSFSH, UFP IB UFTEMSHVB. op NSC HCE DEMBEN CHYD, UFP LTERLP URYN. dPRRBKLH DPUFBCHBMPUSH Y PF LTSHCHU, Y PF OBYEK UFTEMSHVSHCH, OP LTSCHUSCH, RP-NPENKH, UETSHEPZP KHEETVB OE OEUMY.

h ЪBRBUOPN RPMLH CHUFTEFYMUS UP UCHPYNY RTETSOYNY UPUMHTSYCHGBNY RP 69-NH abbr. sing RPYUFY CHUE VSHCHMY ABOUT UCHPYI NEUFBI. DEUSH CHUE TSE OE RETEDCHBS.

h DYCHYYPOE TEJETCHB WITH RTPVSHM NEUSG Y RPMHYUYM OBOBYUEOYE H 1-A ZCHBTDEKULHA CHPDHYOP-DEUBOFOHA DYCHYYA.

DYCHYYS OBIPDYMBUSH ABOUT UCHETP-BRBDOPN ZhTPOFE H TBKPE uFBTK THUSCH. FFPNH ZPTPDLH H oCHZPTPDULPK PVMBUFY DPUFBMPUSH LTERLP. EZP DMYFEMSHOPE CHTENS YFHTNPCHBMY GENERAL CHPKULB, ON OBIPDYMUS CH POOE DPUSZBENPUFY OE FPMSHLP NYOPNEFOPZP Y BTFYMMETYKULPZP, OP Y RHMENEFOPZP PZOS. chPLTKhZ ufbtk tkhuushch rpyufy urmpyoshche VPMPFB Y MEUB. l NPNEOPKH NPEZP RTYVSHCHFIYS H DYCHYYA, MEU CHPLTHZ ZPTPDB RTBLFYUEULY VSCHM HOYUFPTSEO BTFYMMETYKULYN Y NYOPNEFOSHCHN PZOEN.

with RTYVSHCHM CH 4-K ZCHBTDEKULYK CHPDHYOP-DEUBOFOSHCHK RPML CH UETEDYOE BCHZHUFB 1943 ZPDB. PUETEDOPE OBUFHRMEOYE ABOUT uFBTHA THUKH OBYUBMPUSH 10 BCHZHUFB. OB FFPF TB UADB VSCHMY VTPYEOSC OEULPMSHLP CHPDHYOP-DEUBOFOSCHI DYCHYYK, CH FPN YUYUME Y OBYB DYCHYYS.

vPY YMY PTSEUFPYEOOSCHE. DEUBOFOILBN HDBMPUSH RTPTCBFSH PVPTPOH RTPFYCHOYLB, RTEPDPMEFSH OEULPMSHLP (RSFSH YMYY YEUFSH) THVECEK PVPTPOSCH, ZDE CHUE RTPUFTEMYCHBMPUSH RETELTEUFOSHCHN PZOEN, B NEUFOPUFSH VSCHMB ZHOBUFP. rPDUFHRSC L ufbtpk thhuue VSCHMY HLTERMEOSCH UYMSHOEE, YUEN NPTsOP VSCHMP RTEDRPMBZBFSH. DEUSH RPMEZMY NOPZYE DEUSFLY FSHCHUS OBYI UPMDBF Y PZHYGETPCH, CH FPN YUYUME Y DEUBOFOILPC.

rTETSDE YUEN PRYUSCHCHBFSH UCHPE RTYVSHCHFIE CH RPML, LPTPFLP ULBTSH PV YUFPTYY DYCHYYY, ZDE NOE RTEDUFPSMP UMHTSYFSH Y CHPECHBFSH. h FPF RETYPD CHPDHYOP-DEUBOFOSHCHE UPEDYOEOYS DEKUFCHPCHBMY LBL PVSCHUOSCHE UFTEMLPCHSHCHE DYCHYYY.

chPDHYOP-DEUBOFOSHCHE ChPKULB VETHF UCHPE OBYUBMP U RTECHPEOOSHCHI NBOECTPCH LECHULPZP CHPEOOPZP PLTHZB CH 1939 ZPDKh. fPZDB VSHCHM CHSHVTPYEO OEVPMSHYPK DEUBOF U UBNPMEFPCH. ABOUT NBOECHTBI RTYUHFUFCHPCHBMY YOPUFTBOOSCHE CHPEOOSH BFFBYE, Y DMS OII, CHRTPYUEN, LBL Y DMS NOPZYI Y OBYI LPNBODYTPCH, FFP VSHMP RPMOPK OEPTSYDBOOPUFSHHA. l Ochubmkh chailpk pfeuyufcheopk Chpchshchi bnca hcethmp uchpnytpchbop oeulpmshlp chpdhyop-deum-dechoshchi lptrchupch, LBCDSHK Yu LPFPSM Yu RBTBIFP-DEUBOFSH, b-fi-fi-fi on

rTEDYUFCHEOOILPN 1-K ZCHBTDEKULPK CHPDHYOP-DEUBOPOPK DYCHYYY VSHM 4-K CHPDHYOP-DEUBOFOSHCHK LPTRHU. BY DYUMPGYTPCHBMUS CH VEMPTHUULPN CHPEOOPN PLTHZE. lPNBODPCHBM LPTRKHUPN ZOEETBM-NBKPT b. well. mechbych. u OBYUBMB ChPKOSH LPTRKHU THAN FTSEMSHCHE VPY U OENEGLP-ZHBYUFULYNY BICHBFYUYLBNY H UPUFBCHE BLBDOPZP ZhTPOFB, LPFPTSHCHN LPNBODPCHBM ZOEETBM rBCHMPCH, zetpk UPCHEFULPZP UPAB. ON CHULPTE VSHCHM UOSF U DPMTSOPUFY TBUUFTEMSO b RPFETA HRTBCHMEOYS ZHTPOFPN, IPFS EZP CHYOSCH CH FFPN OE VSHMP.

CHULPTE LPTRHU VSCHM CHSHCHEDEO Y VPS, UPUTEDPFPYUEO H TBKPOE ZPTPDB FEKLPCHP zPTSHLPCHULPK PVMBUFY, ZDE RTCHPDYM DPHLPNRMELFPCHBOYE Y BOYNBMUS VPECHPK RPDZPFCHLPK.

l PUEOY 1941 ZPDB PVUFBOPCHLB ABOUT ZHTPOFBI VSCHMB YULMAYUYFEMSHOP FSTsEMPK. ZYFMETPCHULYE CHPKULB VMPLYTPCHBMY MEOIOZTBD, PLTHTSYCH EZP UP CHUI UFPTPO. fPMSHLP YuETE mBDPTSULPE PETTP RPDDETSYCHBMBUSH UCHSHSH ZPTPDB UP UFTBOPC. YNPK MEDCHBS DPTPZB RPMKHYUYMB OBCHBOYE dPTPZB TSOYOY. chTBZ RPDPYEM CHRMPFOKHA L UFPMYGE OBYEK TPDYOSCH.

h RETCHSHI YUYUMBI DElbVTS 1941 ZPDB OBYUBMPUSH OBUFHRMEOYE RPD nPULCHPK. h OEN HYUBUFCHPCHBMP OEULPMSHLP ZhTPOFCH, CH FPN YUYUME lBMYOYOULYK Y bBRBDOSHK. rTPFICHOYLH VSHCHM OBOEUEO NPEOSHCHK (RP FEN CHTENEOBN) HDBT, Y ON OBYUBM PFIPDYFSH PF nPULCHSCH OB BRBD.

yuFPVSHCH URPUPVUFCHPCHBFSH ChPKULBN ъBRBDOPZP ZHTPOFB CH TBCHYFYY OBUFHRMEOYS, VSCHMP RTYOSFP TEEYOYE ABOUT CHSCVTPULKh CHPDHYOPZP DEUBOBFB CH FSHM RTPFYCHOYLB CH TBKPO ZPTPDB chSShNB. CHPDHYOSCHK DEUBOF VSHCHM CHSHVTPYEO CH TBKPO NETsDH chShNPK Y dPTPZPVKhTSEN unNPMEOUULPK PVMBUFY. DEUBOFYTPCHBOYE RTPIPDYMP CH FTHDOSCHI OYNOYI HUMPCHYSI 27–28 SOCHBTS 1942 ZPDB. chPDHYOP-DEUBOFOSHCHE CHPKULB OE YNEMY UREGYBMSHOSCHI CHPEOOP-FTBOURPTFOSHCHI UBNPMEFPCH, Y DEUBOFYTPCHBOYE RTCHPDYMPUSH Y VPNVBTDYTPCHEYLPCH. ChPPTKhTSEO DEUBOVF VSHCHM FPMSHLP MEZLYN UFTEMLPCHSHCHN PTHTSYEN. PFPTCHBOOPUFSH PF ZhTPOFB, FTHDOPUFY PVEUREYUEOYS VPERTYRBUBNY Y RTPDCHPMSHUFCHYEN FSCEMP ULBSCCHBMYUSH ABOUT DECUFCHYSI OBYI YUBUFEK.

4-K CHPDHYOP-DEUBOFOSHCHK LPTRKHU ZOETBM-NBKPTB mechbypchb Ch UPUFBCHE 8, 9 Y 214-K CHPDHYOP-DEUBOPOSCHI VTYZBD FBLTS VSCHM CHSHVTPYEO CH HLBBOOSCHK TBKPO. DEUBOFYTPCHBOYE RTPIPDYMP DTBNBFYUOP. LPNBOYT LPTRHUB VSCHM HVYF EEE H UBNPMEFE DP DEUBOFYTPCHBOYS. LPNBODPCHBOYE LPTRHUPN RTYOSM OBYUBMSHOIL YFBVB RPMLPCHOIL b. well. lBBOLYO. CHRPUMEDUFCHYY DEUBOFOILY TBUULBJSCHCHBMY P FEI YULMAYUYFEMSHOP FTHDOSCHI Y LTPCHPRTPMYFOSHCHI VPSI CH FSHMKH CHTBZB. FEN OE NEOEE DEUBOF CHSHCHRPMOYM UCHPA OBDBYUH. h FEYUEOYE RPMHZPDB, DP YAMS 1942 ZPDB PO ULPCHSHCHBM LTHROHA ZTHRRYTPCHLH CHTBTSEOULYI CHPKUL CH FFPN TBKPOE.

h YAOE — YAME, RP RTYLBH ZHTPOFB, PUFBFLY LPTRHUB NEMLYNY ZTHRRRBNY CHCHYMY Y PLTHTSEOIS H TBKPOE ZPTPDB LYTPCHB lBMHTSULPK PVMBUFY. CHSHCHYEDYK Yb VPS LPTRHU VSCHM RTEPVTBBPCHBO CH 1-A ZCHBTDEKULHA CHPDHYOP-DEUBOPOKHA DYCHYYA. rPUME RETEZHPTNYTPCHBOYS DYCHYYS VSHMB CH 1943 ZPDKh OBRTBCHMEOB ABOUT UCHETP-BRBDOSHK ZHTPOF.

h YAME - BCHZHUFE 1943 ZPDB DYCHYYS RTYOSMB HYBUFYE CH VPSI RPD uFBTK TKHUUPK oCHZPTPDULPK PVMBUFY. YDEUSH OBYUBMPUSH PYUETEDOPE OBUFHRMEOYE. CHPF UADB S Y VSHCHM ABOBBYUEO ABOUT DPMTSOPUFSH LPNBOYTB CHCHPDB HRTTBCHMEOYS 4-K VBFBTEY 2-ZP DYCHYYPOB 4-ZP ZCHBTDEKULPZP CHPDHYOP-DEUBOFOPZP BTFRPMLB.

h DYCHYYA OBU VSHMP OBRTBCHMEOOP OEULPMSHLP YUEMPCHEL, CH FPN YUYUME Y MEKFEOBOP lHMBLPCH yCHBO SLPCHMECHYU, OSHOE RPMLPCHOYL CH PFUFBCHLE. NSC RPDTHTSYMYUSH FPZDB Y UPITBOYMY DTHTSVH DP OBUFPSEEZP READ. LTPNE NEOS, CHUE PUFBMSHOSHCHE, LBL ZPCHPTSF, RPTPIB OE OAIMBMY, CHRECHESCHE RPRBMY ABOUT ZHTPOF, YS, LBL NPZ, PYASUOSM YN, YUFP Y LBL VSCHCHBEF ABOUT CHPKOOE.

ABOUT RPRHFOSCHI NBYOBI L CHEYUETH DPVTBMYUSH DP TBKPOB TBURPMPTSEOIS DYCHYYY. CHEYUETPN H MEUKH YULBFSH UCHPK RPML DEMP FTHDOPE, RPFPNH S RTEMPTSYM RETEOPYUECHBFSH, B HFTPN TBSHCHULBFSH RPML. OBN RPRBMUS RHUFPK VMYODBC ABOUT PRYLE MEUB. RPM EZP VSCHM BUFEMEO FTBCHPK. vMYODBC VSHCHM OILLYN, UFPSFSH NPTsOP VSHMP FPMSHLP ABOUT LPMEOSI. ZhTPOF TSYM UCHPEK TSYOSHA. ZDE-FP CHDBMY UMSCHYBMBUSH BTFYMMETYKULBS LBOPOBDB, RP DPTPZBN YMY NBYYOSCH, ZTHTSEOOSCHE VPERTYRBUBNY Y RTPDCHPMSHUFCHYEN. CHUE LFY ZHTPOFPCHCHE RTYNEFSHCH NOE VSCHMY IPTPYP Y'CHEUFOSHCH, RPFPNKh S, HMEZYYUSH ABOUT FTBCHH, HLTSHMUS RPMPK YOYEMY Y VSHCHUFTP HUOHM.

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Northwestern front. Distribution of forces.

The North-Western Front - the formation (operational association) of the Red Army (RKKA), during the Great Patriotic War (formed on June 22, 1941 on the basis of the troops of the Baltic Special Military District).

Front Command

1. Commander of the Front in 1941: F. I. Kuznetsov (June 22, 1941 - July 3, 1941), Colonel General.

Born on September 17 (29), 1898 in the village of Balbechino, Chaussky district, Mogilev province (now the Goretsky district of the Mogilev region of Belarus) in a peasant family. Member of the 1st World War (ensign) and the Civil War (regiment commander). In the Red Army since 1918. Graduated from the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze (1926) and advanced training courses for senior officers (1930). In 1935-1938 - head of the faculty and head of the department at the Military Academy. M. V. Frunze. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1938. Since July 1938 - Deputy Commander of the Belarusian Special District. Participated in the Soviet-Finnish war. From August 1940 - Commander of the North Caucasian, then the Baltic Special Military District. From June 22 to July 3, 1941, commander of the North-Western Front. Removed from his post for inept command and control of troops. Later he held various command positions. From everywhere expelled for prof. unsuitability.

2. Chief of Staff of the Front: P. S. Klenov (June 22, 1941 - July 1, 1941), Lieutenant General.

July 1, 1941 removed from office for inactivity. Arrested on July 11, 1941. On February 13, 1942, by the decision of the OSO, he was sentenced to capital punishment. Shot on February 23, 1942.

3. Front Air Force Commander: A.P. Ionov, Major General of Aviation.

Russian. Candidate member of the CPSU(b) since January 1932.

Born in February 1894 in the village of Zuevskaya, Poshekhonsky district, Yaroslavl province, into a peasant family

In September 1914, he voluntarily joined the army, enrolling in the Gatchina military aviation school. The last rank and position in the old army was ensign, commander of an aviation detachment.

In the Red Army on mobilization since October 1918 - pilot of the 1st detachment of the Yaroslavl air group. From November 1923 in the ranks of the Red Army. In 1923-1926. - Instructor pilot of the training squadron of the Red Army, pilot of a separate reconnaissance air squadron "Ultimatum", commander of the flight and detachment of the same squadron.

In 1928-1932. - commander of the training squadron, head of the training department, commander of the flight training squadron of the 2nd military school of pilots (Borisoglebsk).

Since May 1932 - assistant commander of a heavy bomber air brigade for combat training in the Leningrad Military District. Since January 1933 - commander of the 200th light bomber air brigade.

Since December 1933 - a student of the operational faculty of the Air Force Academy named after prof. N. E. Zhukovsky, after graduating from which in 1934 he was appointed commander of the air brigade of the same academy. Then (until August 1938) he commanded the 107th air brigade.

Since August 1938 - Chairman of the Central Commission for the Study and Prevention of Accidents of the Red Army Air Force. On the eve of the Great Patriotic War - Commander of the Air Force of the Baltic Special Military District. Since the beginning of the war - the commander of the Air Force of the North-Western Front.

Arrested on July 1, 1941. On February 13, 1942, by a special meeting of the NKVD of the USSR, he was sentenced to death by firing squad. The sentence was carried out on February 23, 1942.

	connections
	rifle	tank
	10 sc (10, 90 sd)	12 mk (23 td, 28 td, 202 md)
	11 sc (48, 125 sd)
	22 MSD NKVD
	16 sc (5, 33, 188 sd)	3 microns (2 td, 5 td, 84 ppm)
	29 sc (179, 184 sd)
	23 sd, 126 sd, 128 sd
	22 sc (180, 182 sd)
	24 sc (181, 183 sd)
	16 sd, 67 sd, 13 sbr
Total: armies 3	sc-6; sd-20; sbr-1	Mk-2; td-4; md-2

By June 22, 1941, there were 25 divisions in the district, including 4 tank and 2 motorized divisions (see table). Rifle formations were kept according to peacetime states, while tank and motorized units did not complete their formation. On June 1, 1941, the average staffing of PribOVO divisions was 8,710 people, while the number of infantry divisions of the Nazi troops was brought to wartime states (16,850 people).

On June 23, the 22nd motorized rifle division of the NKVD was formed from parts of the NKVD of the district, from July 1 it became part of the 8th Army.

The balance of forces and means of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht

Forces and means			balance of power
Personnel
Guns and mortars
Tanks (all types)
Aircraft (combat)

To deliver a surprise attack on the troops in the zone of the Baltic Special Military District, the Wehrmacht command concentrated large forces in East Prussia. Here, on a front stretching 230 km (from the Baltic Sea to Goldap), Army Group North was deployed (18th and 16th field armies and 4th tank group). Her actions were supported by the 1st Air Fleet. To the south, from Goldap to Suwalki, the 3rd Panzer Group and part of the forces of the 9th Army, which were part of Army Group Center, concentrated on the 70-km front.

In total, the Nazi group consisted of 41 divisions, including 7 tank and 6 motorized. The average operational density of the enemy was 7-8 km per division, while that of the Soviet troops was about 50 km, and only per division of the first line.

The Nazis concentrated the most powerful forces in two main directions: Tilsit - Siauliai and Suwalki - Vilnius.

Direction of impact - Tilsit-Siauliai

The composition of the troops of the 1st echelon

Wehrmacht troops - 1st, 6th, 8th tank, 269th and 290th field divisions,

offensive front - 50 km;

The composition of the Red Army troops in the offensive zone - 125 rifle division and regiment 90 rifle division

Direction of impact - Suwalki - Vilnius

The composition of the troops of the 1st echelon

Wehrmacht troops - 7th, 12th, 20th tank, 5th, 6th, 26th and 35th field divisions,

offensive front - 70 km;

The composition of the Red Army troops in the offensive zone - 11 battalions

The grouping of troops on the Northwestern Front that had taken shape by the beginning of the war did not ensure the repulsion of the massive attacks of the aggressor. The formations of the 8th Army were in the best position, occupying defensive zones in accordance with the cover plan. The main forces of the 11th army were only moving forward to their positions. Divisions of the 27th Army remained in camps or places of permanent deployment. The rifle divisions of the first echelon of the covering armies, stretched out on a wide front, could not resist for a long time.

The reserves advanced from the depths did not have time to support them, as they were late with their arrival in the designated areas by 3-5 days. Considering the conditions created, it was not advisable to pull up the reserves to the state border, but they should have been concentrated on the borders of the Neman and the Western Dvina.

    It was formed on June 24, 1941 on the basis of the administration and troops of the Baltic Special Military District as part of the 8th, 11th, 27th armies and the District Air Force. Subsequently, at different times it included the 1st, 3rd, 4th Shock, 34th, 48th, 53rd, 27th (2nd formation), 68th, 22nd , 43rd combined arms armies, 1st tank and 6th air armies, Special group of troops (1st TA and 68th A) Lieutenant General M. S. Khozin, Novgorod Army Group of Forces.
    During the border battles of 1941, the troops of the North-Western Front, holding back the advance of the Nazi German Army Group North and part of the forces of the Army Group Center deep into Soviet territory, by June 29 retreated to the Western Dvina. The 8th Army, cut off from the main forces, with battles retreated to the north, to the Estonian border. In July, the 11th and 27th armies were fighting with the enemy, who was trying to break through to Staraya Russa and Kholm. During this period, the troops of the 11th Army launched a counterattack near Soltsy, on August 12-14, formations of the 11th and 34th armies launched a counterattack on the enemy south of Staraya Russa, which played an important role in the Battle of Leningrad 1941-44, in September the troops The North-Western Front repelled the enemy offensive in the Demyansk direction. During the general offensive of the Soviet troops in the winter of 1941-42. the troops of the left wing of the North-Western Front carried out in January the Toropetsko-Kholmsky operation of 1942 (on January 22, the troops of the left wing of the North-Western Front were transferred to the Kalinin Front), as a result of which they advanced almost 250 km and deeply engulfed Demyanskaya from the south, and from the north (together with the troops of the Kalinin Front) the Rzhev-Vyazma grouping of the enemy. The forces of the right wing of the front struck near Staraya Russa and carried out the Demyansk operation of 1942. By the end of February 1942, the Staraya Russian and Demyansk enemy groups were separated, and the latter (6 divisions) was surrounded (the Demyansky bridgehead was liquidated in February 1943). At the end of the winter of 1942, the troops of the North-Western Front reached the river. Lovat, then during offensive battles in the area south and southeast of Staraya Russa, they liquidated the enemy's bridgehead on the eastern bank of the river. Lovat. On November 20, 1943, the North-Western Front was disbanded, and its field administration was transferred to the reserve of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command.
  Commanders:
F. I. Kuznetsov (June - July 1941), Colonel General;
P. P. Sobennikov (July - August 1941), Major General;
P. A. Kurochkin (August 1941 - October 1942 and June - November 1943), lieutenant general, from the end of August 1943 colonel general;
S. K. Timoshenko (October 1942 - March 1943), Marshal of the Soviet Union;
I. S. Konev (March - June 1943), Colonel General.
  Members of the Military Council:
P. A. Dibrova (June 1941), corps commissar;
V. N. Bogatkin (June 1941 - May 1943), corps commissar, from December 1942 lieutenant general;
F. E. Bokov (May - November 1943), lieutenant general.
  Chiefs of Staff:
P. S. Klenov (June 1941), lieutenant general;
N. F. Vatutin (June 1941 - May 1942), lieutenant general;
I. T. Shlemin (May - August 1942), Major General;
M. N. Sharokhin (August - October 1942), lieutenant general;
V. M. Zlobin (October 1942 - March 1943), lieutenant general;
A. N. Bogolyubov (March - November 1943), lieutenant general;
P. I. Igolkin (November 1943), Major General.
Literature:
   "On the North-Western Front. 1941-1943", Moscow, 1969;
   Saveliev S., "Through the years of fire", Moscow, 1978.

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