As of 2015, there are 146 official moons in the solar system and 27 more non-moons that are still waiting for their status to be approved. All official moons are named after gods or Shakespearean characters. Names like Callisto, Titan or Prometheus. But there is one moon in the solar system whose name is terribly boring. You know her, of course, and she is called the Moon.

Why is that? Obviously, this is the common name for all satellites. What is Luna's real name? Scientific. Cool. Like Crelon, Krona, Avron or Muad'Dib.

In fact, the real name of the moon is the moon, and this is the fault of all mankind. Until Galileo first pointed his telescope into the heavens in 1610 and realized that tiny specks of light also orbit Jupiter, astronomers did not know that other planets had moons.

For all the several hundred thousand years of human existence, the Moon has been a fairly familiar object in the sky. We learned about the existence of other moons only 400 years ago. We did not fully know that the Earth is a planet at all until Copernicus developed the heliocentric model of the solar system.

We still have problems understanding this, although we have already sent a probe directly to the Sun. We didn't know the Sun was a star until Giordano Bruno was the first to come up with the idea in 1590, for which we safely burned him at the stake. There were times. Let's return to our "moon".

Scientists classify the Moon as a natural satellite. This helps distinguish it from the artificial satellites we have been launching for the past 60 years.

The name of the Moon comes from the Latin word Luna - this is the name of our natural satellite in Latin. It is not an official term and not a scientific name, but scholars are quite supportive of Latin. However, people are used to distinguishing the moon from the moon (at least on paper) by adding a large (uppercase, capital) letter to the beginning of the word. And so with everything. The name of our solar system is the solar system. Our galaxy is called the Galaxy, with a capital "G". And when it comes to specifically our universe, taken, perhaps, from many parallel worlds, we also call it the Universe.

How about the sun? In Latin it was called "sol", sol.

If we ever find out that we actually live in a multiverse, we will have to give names to all these universes. And then people will wonder what the real name of our universe is. The official board of the International Astronomical Union, made up of the people we dislike for Pluto, says it's the capital letter that matters. Although in words, of course, confusion can sometimes be born.

Although the name of our moon is rather boring, it reminds us of how far our scientific understanding of the universe has come. It is incredible to think that we have found so many moons outside the solar system, and yet we will find even more.

And when we find other universes, we will have the universe, and someone will go to the universes of Nimoy, Sagan and Clark. What name can you suggest for our Moon?

There is a constellation in the sky, known to all the peoples of the Northern Hemisphere - Ursa Major. In truth, the constellation does not look like a bear at all, but more like a saucepan with a handle. Our ancestors called the constellation the Bucket. And this is the most appropriate name for it.

If you mentally draw a straight line along the two extreme stars of the Bucket and continue it at a distance five times greater, then the line will almost rest against the Polar Star. The polar star indicates where north is. It is enough to face the Polar Star - and you will immediately determine all the countries of the world.

The North Star is the last star in the constellation Ursa Minor, which is very similar to Ursa Major.

The stars of Ursa Major and Ursa Minor were called interestingly by the Kazakhs. The Kazakhs in the past were engaged only in cattle breeding: they grazed sheep, camels, horses. And they thought that shepherds also lived in heaven. They called the polar star a stake, to which six horses are tied - the rest of the stars of Ursa Minor. The whole night they walk around the stake - they eat heavenly grass. And the seven stars of Ursa Major, which also roam all night around the stake and around the horses, are seven thieves who want to steal the heavenly horses.

Ursa Major and Polaris.

Why is there day and night on Earth?

You are sitting in a train car. Suddenly it seems to you that the train standing next to you slowly moved back. In fact, your train has moved slowly forward. The illusion, that is, the deception of the senses, disappears when the train, having picked up speed, begins to tap on the rails and tremble.

In Europe and Africa - day, and in America and Asia - night.

The same visual illusion is obtained when the ship departs from the pier. In the first moments, it seems as if the pier begins to move in the opposite direction.

Our Earth rotates in space like a colossal top. Put a piece of paper on a spinning top - it will instantly fly off the top. The force that drops the paper is called centrifugal force; it always appears during rotation.

In the parks of culture there is a "wheel of laughter"; the floor in the room rotates rapidly and throws away - onto the stationary part - the people who are on it.

Why does the Earth, during its rotation, not throw off people and animals, stones and sand, why does it not cause water to splash out of rivers and oceans?

The answer to this question is very simple: the Earth does not rotate fast enough for this.

After all, the "wheel of laughter" does not immediately begin to throw people off, but only when it gets enough speed.

The earth rotates from west to east; the time of its complete revolution people called days. A person is so small compared to the Earth that he does not notice the Earth's movement at all, especially since it moves smoothly, without sudden jerks and stops. This is where the visual illusion is created. It seems to a person that the firmament and all the celestial bodies that we see on it - the Sun, the Moon, planets and stars - make one complete revolution around the Earth once a day, and they move in the opposite direction, that is, from east to west.

You pierce an apple with a thin knitting needle; this is its axis of rotation. The Earth's axis of rotation is not a metal spoke, but an invisible, imaginary line around which the Earth revolves; axis length - more than twelve thousand kilometers. And the length of the earth's equator is 40 thousand kilometers.

What would happen if the Earth went around the Sun, always exposing the same side to it? What a terrible, all-burning heat would reign on this side! And what chilling cold and eternal darkness would then reign on the other, unlit, side of the Earth!

Under such conditions, life on Earth would probably be impossible. But we have days and nights. The Earth alternately exposes the Sun to one or the other side and does not have time to either heat up excessively or cool down too much.

In America it is day, in the Eastern Hemisphere it is night.

How do people keep track of time?

Imagine the incredible: a world in which there is no movement! How in this world to keep track of time?

In a strange, extraordinary country, the sun froze motionless in the sky; the breeze does not shake the leaves of the trees; pale yellow tongues froze the flame of a fire lit in the forest by a hunter, and the hunter himself, not moving, sits by the fire; the hands of his pocket watch do not move; raising its front paw, the fox froze, crept up in the deaf thicket to the little mouse; motionless and the mouse at his mink ... A fairy tale? Yes!

People long ago drew pictures of the sleepy kingdom in fairy tales. For three hundred years, the tsar and the tsarina, and the boyars, and the servants, and the palace guards, and the horses at the porch, and the smoke in the air, have been motionless in such a kingdom ... And when the brave prince manages to disenchant the sleeping kingdom, everyone goes about their business, not suspecting that they slept for three hundred years: after all, there is no time without movement!

Millions and billions of years before people appeared on Earth and invented watches, nature itself created the most accurate clock that indicates time.

This watch is the Earth, which rotates uniformly around its axis, like a giant top, and at the same time goes around the Sun.

If it were possible to build a colossal clock driven by the movement of the Earth, then this clock would have two hands: annual and daily.

The annual one would make one revolution on the dial during the complete revolution of the Earth around the Sun, and the daily one would go around the dial during the time in which the Earth turns around its axis.

Here are the two basic measures of time given to us by nature: the year and the day. All the rest were invented by people. It is in the power of men to make a week of five or ten days; people can divide the day into 10 or 40 hours, and each hour will become longer or shorter for them than it is now. But human technology is not yet able to lengthen or shorten the day even for a second or make the Earth run faster along its path around the Sun.

Why is the year divided into twelve months? The reason for this is the moon. Our Russian name for the Moon is the month; during the year, a month goes around the Earth more than twelve times, hence this measure of time appeared.

Months are divided into weeks. Here is an explanation of the Russian names of the days of the week.

In the old days, a week was called a day of rest - a day on which nothing is done.

When the Slavs adopted Christianity, the day of rest began to be called Sunday - this is due to religious beliefs. And the whole seven-day period of time began to be called a week.

Monday is the day after the week, that is, after Sunday.

Tuesday is the second day of the week (Monday was considered the first).

Wednesday is the average day of the week.

Thursday is the fourth day of the week.

Friday is the fifth day of the week.

Sabbath is a Hebrew name, taken from the Bible; For the Jews, Saturday was the seventh day of the week, a holiday. And now it's the sixth day.

Thus, traces of ancient beliefs, customs, and rituals are preserved for a long time in the language of peoples.

A day is divided into 24 hours, an hour into 60 minutes, a minute into 60 seconds.

Then the hour would be a little longer than it is now, and the minutes and seconds would be shorter.

There was such a proposal, but it was not put into practice.

If it is accepted, hundreds of millions of wall and pocket clocks all over the world must be thrown away and replaced with new ones.

Hundreds of millions of books and textbooks must be sorted and reprinted...

So this inconvenient count of hours, minutes and seconds remained, and he came to us from ancient Babylon, whose inhabitants counted dozens and sixty.

And long ago the ancient Slavic calendar was called months and contained the original native names of the months of the year, which have survived to this day in some Slavic languages. The traditional pagan names of the months are associated with events and phenomena occurring in nature, as evidenced by their names. The names of the Slavic months, just like their order, vary depending on the regions and countries, however, they all have a single Proto-Slavic source, which you can clearly verify by reading this section of the site. Your attention is invited to several options for the reconstruction of the Slavic calendar, comparison and order of months in different Slavic languages, as well as a detailed explanation of the origin and meaning of the names of each of the months of the year. It should also be noted that the true Slavic calendar was sunny; it was based on 4 seasons (seasons), in each of which the solstice holiday (rotation, solstice, equinox) was celebrated. With the advent of Christianity in Russia, they began to use the lunar calendar, which is based on the period of changing the phases of the moon, as a result of which a certain "demolition" of dates has formed by now. for 13 days(new style). The dates of the Slavic pagan holidays (many of which have been replaced with Christian names over time) are considered according to old true style and "behind" the newly appeared calendar by 13 days.

Table 1. Variants of the names of the Slavic months.

Origin of the names of the months.

P The Romans originally had a lunar year of 10 months, beginning in March and ending in soundboard burden; which is indicated, by the way, by the names of the months. So, for example, the name of the last month - December comes from the Latin "deka" (deck), which means the tenth. However, soon, according to legend - under King Numa Pompilius or Tarquinius I (Tarquinius the Ancient) - the Romans switched to a lunar year of 12 months containing 355 days. To bring it into line with the solar year, an extra month (mensis intercalarius) was added from time to time already under Numa. But still, the civil year, with holidays calculated for certain seasons, did not at all converge with the natural year. The calendar was finally put in order by Julius Caesar in 46 BC: he introduced a solar year of 365 days with the insertion of one day in every 4th year (we have this day - February 29); and set the beginning of the year from January. The calendar and yearly cycle was named after the great Roman general and statesman Julian.

M months were designated by the same names as now. The first six months are named after the Italic gods (with the exception of February, named after a Roman holiday), July and August were called Quintilis (fifth) and Sextilis (sixth) until the time of Emperor Augustus, they received the names Julius and Augustus in honor of Julius Caesar and Augustus . Thus, the names of the months were as follows: Januarius, Februarius, Martius, Aprilis, Majus, Junius, Quintilis (Julius), Sexlilis (Augustus), September (from Latin "septem" - seven, seventh), October (from Latin "okto "- eight, eighth), November (from Latin "novem" - nine, ninth) and, finally, December (tenth). In each of these months, the Romans counted the same number of days as it is considered at the present time. All the names of the months are adjectives in which the word "mensis" (month) is either implied or added. Calendae called the first day of each month.

H and in Russia the word "calendar" is known only from the end of the 17th century. Emperor Peter I introduced him. Before that, he was called "monthly". But whatever you call it, the goals remain the same - fixing dates and measuring time intervals. The calendar gives us the opportunity to record events in their chronological order, serves to highlight special days (dates) in the calendar - holidays, and for many other purposes. Meanwhile, the old names of the months among Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles are still in use!

I Nvar is so named because it was dedicated by the ancient Romans to Janus, the god of Peace. In our country, in the old days, it was called "Prosinets", it is believed that from the blue of the sky beginning to appear at this time, shining, from strengthening, with the addition of day and sunlight. January 21, by the way, is the holiday Prosinets. Take a closer look at the January sky and you will understand that it fully justifies its name. Little Russian (Ukrainian) name for January "section" (sichen, sichen) indicates either the turning point of winter, which, according to popular belief, occurs precisely in January, the dissection of winter into two halves, or crackling, severe frosts. Some of the researchers single out the root "blue" in the word "blue", believing that such a name was given to January for the early twilight - with "blue". Some scientists associated the name with the ancient folk custom of walking in "Christmas" go home and ask for food. In Russia, the month of January was originally the eleventh in a row, for March was considered the first, but when the year began to be counted from September, January became the fifth; and, finally, since 1700, since the time of the change made in our chronology by Peter the Great, this month has become the first.

F February among the Romans was the last month of the year and was named after Febra, the ancient Italian god, to whom it was dedicated. The indigenous Slavic-Russian names for this month were: "section" (a name common to him with January) or "snow", probably - from snowy time or, according to the verb, whip for blizzards, common this month. In Little Russia, from the 15th century, following the imitation of the Poles, the month of February began to be called "fierce"(or lute), for he is known for his fierce blizzards; the settlers of the northern and middle Russian provinces still call him "let's warm up", for at this time the cattle comes out of the stables and warms their sides in the sun, and the owners themselves warmed their sides by the stove. In modern Ukrainian, Belarusian and Polish languages, this month is still called "fierce".

M art. From this month, the Egyptians, Jews, Moors, Persians, ancient Greeks and Romans, as well as, once upon a time, our Slavic ancestors began the year. The name "March" was given to this month by the Romans in honor of Mars, the god of war; it was brought to us from Byzantium. The true Slavic names of this month in the old days in Russia were different: in the north it was called "dry" (little snow) or "dry" from spring warmth, draining all moisture; on South - "berezozol", from the action of the spring sun on the birch, which at this time begins to fill with sweet juice and buds. Zymobor - conquering winter, opening the way for spring and summer, protalnik - this month the snow begins to melt, thawed patches appear, drops (hence another name dropper). Often the month of March is called "flying", since spring begins with it, a harbinger of summer, and together with the months following it - April and May - constitutes the so-called "span" (whose holiday is celebrated on May 7).

BUT prel comes from the Latin verb "aperire" - to open, it indicates, in fact, the opening of spring. The old Russian names of this month were birch(breeze)- by analogy with March; snowmobile - streams run, taking with them the remnants of snow, or else pollen, because it is then that the first trees begin to bloom, spring blossoms.

M ah. The Latin name for this month is given in honor of the goddess Mai, as well as many others, it came to us from Byzantium. The old Russian name for this month was herbal, or grass(herbalist), which reflected the processes taking place in nature at that time - a riot of growing herbs. This month was considered the third and last spanning month. This name is known in the Ukrainian language.

And jun. The name of this month comes from the word "junius", given to him in honor of the goddess Juno by the Romans. In the old days, the original Russian name for this month was isok. Izok was the name given to the grasshopper, of which this month was especially abundant. Another name for this month is worm, especially common among Little Russians, from a worm or a worm; this is the name of a special kind of dye worms that appear at this time. This month is also called colorful, for nature is born with an indescribable riot of colors of flowering plants. In addition, in ancient times, the month of June was often called by the people kresnik - from the word "kres" (fire).

And yul comes from the name "julius", given in honor of Gaius Julius Caesar, and, of course, has Roman roots. In our old days it was called, like June - worm - from fruits and berries that ripen in July, they are distinguished by a special reddishness (scarlet, red). The folk poetic expression "red summer" can serve as a literal translation of the name of the month, in which attention is drawn to the brightness of the summer sun. Another original Slavic name for July is Lipets(or lime), which is now used in Polish, Ukrainian and Belarusian as the month of linden blossom. July is also called the "crown of summer", since it is considered the last month of summer (July 20 is celebrated as "Perun's Day", after which, according to popular belief, autumn comes), or else "sufferer" - from the painful summer work, "groznik" - from strong thunderstorms.

BUT august. Like the previous one, this month got its name from the name of the Roman emperor - Augustus. The root ancient Russian names of the month were different. In the north it was called "glow" - from the radiance of lightning; on South "serpen" - from the sickle, which is used to remove bread from the fields. This month is often named "zornnik", in which it is impossible not to see the changed old name "glow". Name "stubble" it will be superfluous to explain, for in this month the time of reaping in the fields and harvesting came. Some sources interpret the glow as associated with the verb "roar" and denotes the period of the roar of animals during estrus, while others suggest that the name of the month contains an indication of thunder and evening lightning.

With September - "septemvriy", the ninth month of the year, the Romans was the seventh, which is why it got its name (from the Latin word "septem" - the seventh). In the old days, the original Russian name of the month was "ruyin" - from the roar of autumn winds and animals, especially deer. The old Russian form of the verb "ryuti" (roar) is known, which, when applied to the autumn wind, meant "roar, blow, call." Name "frown" he received due to his weather differences from others - the sky often frowns, it rains, autumn comes in nature. Another name for this month "spring" due to the fact that about this time the heather begins to bloom.

O October - "octovry", the tenth month of the year; among the Romans, it was the eighth, which is why it got its name (from the Latin "octo" - eight). Our ancestors know him by the name "falling leaves" - from the autumn fall of the leaves, or "pasdernik" - from pazderi, bonfires, since this month they begin to knead flax, hemp, manners. Otherwise - "dirty" from autumn rains, causing bad weather and mud, or "wedding man" - from the weddings that the peasants celebrate at this time.

H october. "Noemvriem" (november) we call the eleventh month of the year, but among the Romans it was the ninth, which is why it got its name (nover - nine). In the old days, this month was called properly breastfeeding(thoracic or thoracic), from piles of frozen earth with snow, since in general in the Old Russian language the winter frozen road was called the chest path. In Dahl's dictionary, the regional word "pile" means "frozen ruts along the road, frozen hummocky mud."

D December. "Dekemvriy" (lat. december) is our name for the 12th month of the year; among the Romans, it was the tenth, which is why it got its name (decem - ten). Our ancestors called it "jelly", or "study" - from cold and frost, common at that time.

Table 2. Comparative names of months in different Slavic languages.

With The very word "month" indicates the connection between the allocation of such a chronological segment with the lunar cycles and has common European roots. Therefore, the duration of the month was from 28 to 31 days, it is not yet possible to specify the number of days by months more precisely.

AT"Ostromir Gospel" (XI century) and other ancient written monuments, January corresponded to the name prosinets (since it was getting lighter at that time), February - section (since it was the season for deforestation), March - dry (since in some places it was already the earth dried up), April - birch tree, birch tree (names associated with a birch that begins to bloom), May - grass (from the word "grass"), June - izok (grasshopper), July - worm, sickle (from the word "sickle", indicating for harvest time), August - glow (from "glow"), September - ryuen (from "roar" and the roar of animals), October - leaf fall, November and December - chest (from the word "pile" - a frozen rut on the road), sometimes - jelly.

T Thus, the Slavs did not have common ideas about the order and name of the months. From the whole mass of names, Proto-Slavic names are revealed, which indicates the unity of the origin of the calendar. The etymology of the names is also not always clear and gives rise to all sorts of disputes and speculations on this topic. The only thing that most reenactors agree on is the connection of names with natural phenomena characteristic of the annual cycle.

Table 3 A detailed table of the names of the months in the Slavic language of different groups.

Slavic holidays

H and this page of the site presents a short list of Slavic pagan holidays with highlighting the great holidays, especially revered holy days of the kologoda and dangerous days. To great holidays the years are 2 solstices (winter and summer: Kolyada and Kupala) and 2 equinoxes (spring and autumn: Maslenitsa and Tausen) and other holidays especially revered by the people. AT especially revered saints modern Slavic pagan communities organize wide festivities involving a large number of people, accompanying the action with sacred sacral rites, the course of which is monitored by the Magi (priests). These dates include the meeting of the seasons (for example: Gromnitsa and Pokrov), days of honoring the ancestors and the entire Slavic KIND (Chur), harvest days (three Spas). dangerous the days of rampant evil spirits are considered, which can be dangerous to humans, however, what should be done in order to protect oneself from it is written in the detailed descriptions of the festivities. These are the days of rampant goblin, kikimor, mermaids and the period when snakes are especially evil and poisonous.

AT In the Slavic kologod, great and especially revered festivities are held in honor of the main Slavic Gods and our ancestors, as follows from their names. So a series of winter holy days is dedicated to the Slavic God of wisdom and the patron saint of cattle - Veles, a series of spring-summer holy days are dedicated to the goddess live and the god Yarila, as well as Mother-Raw-Earth. Slavic goddess of death Mare(Marena) is dedicated to a series of autumn and winter holidays. The holidays of sowing and harvesting, both in spring and autumn, are also dedicated to the same sunny and three-light Dazhbog and the goddess Mokosh. Days of veneration of ancestors among the Slavs are celebrated in spring and autumn: Spring Grandfathers and Autumn Grandfathers.

According to the site www.slavlib.ru

Vitaly Vladimirovich Sundakov is the author and host of the Russian School of the Russian Language project. In Lesson No. 7, he talks about the Moon from a completely new and unexpected position, explaining long-familiar concepts and terms within the framework of a derivative old Russian semantic picture of the world.
Video link - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a0RFt_Qjl9Y

Russian school of the Russian language. Lesson 7

(3.32 minutes of recording) Today there will be a Heavenly lesson at the School. After all, you and I do not live in the Celestial Empire, but in the Heavenly Empire. I will tell you today, dear friends and girlfriends, something about the moon. I'll tell it like no one told about it, and no one will tell. My story is not connected with the story of the Moon as a celestial body, it is not connected with science, with the history of space and astronautics. It is about how, why and what was called in the original Russian language in connection with the Moon.

So, the Moon shines for us from the sky at night, but sometimes it is visible during the day in a clear blue sky and is visible all the time in different ways - either as a bright bracket, convex to the right, then convex to the left. On a full moon, it generally hangs over your head like a light pancake in a black frying pan of the starry sky. It doesn't exist anywhere at all.
The Russian words “old, old age, aging” begin with the letter C, and the aging month looks like this letter C. By this letter C, we teach our children to distinguish in the sky an old, aging month or a young moon, which is visible to us as a bright bracket, convex to the left. And somehow it turns out strangely - either we call the Moon the Moon, or the Moon. So, I will tell you that the Moon and the Moon are not at all the same thing.
The moon is called the moon only from the day of the new moon until the day of the full moon. New Moon is what we call the raised bracket to the right, which appears in the west when the sun has just set below the horizon. This is the very beginning of the visibility of the Moon in the sky ... Then it becomes full, full of light. For 2 or 3 days she gets up where the sun rises, right in front of it. When she rises above the horizon, she is bright orange, large, beautiful, even reddish. Sometimes such a moon is called the "gypsy sun."
The entire light month lasts just over 29.5 days. Such a month in astronomy is called a synodic month. Russians used to call such a month “dog month”, “dog month” or “wolf month”. Maybe because the Moon accompanies the Earth in the same way that a dog accompanies a person. Either the dog walks next to us, then it moves away, runs away somewhere, disappears from sight, then again it turns out to be near before our eyes. Well, dogs love the moon. Sometimes they sing along to it. Her relatives are wolves - all the more, they also like to howl at the moon.
Since the Moon is in the sky, that is, then it is not there, it will behave like this, then that, it changes all the time, it turns, our distant ancestors considered the Moon to be a celestial werewolf. They considered the Full Moon to be the Heavenly Dog or the Heavenly Wolf. And the time when the Moon was dark, it was considered the Heavenly black horse. Thus, the Heavenly Silver Wolf turns into a Heavenly Black Horse. And over time, this Black Horse turned back, turning into a Heavenly Wolf. By the way, this is often told in Russian folk tales. Since there is no Moon in the sky, it means that there is no Black Black Horse, the Black Horse of all our fairy-tale heroes in the sky. But, unfortunately, we have either forgotten our fairy tales, or rewritten, or simplified utterly so that now it is impossible to understand anything in them. However, because once it became undesirable to understand something. We made from wonderful, wonderful, full of magic fairy tales, primitive fairy tales for children 4-6 years old.
And on Earth, a person enchanted by a cursed evil sorcerer was considered a Heavenly Horse. And in order to save a person from this spell, it was necessary to kill a werewolf in him in a special way. Of course, it was necessary to kill him at the moment when a person turns into this very werewolf. Moreover, it was necessary to do this, well, only with something silver - a silver mirror or a silver thread, a silver arrow or a silver bullet, and then be sure to finish it off and certainly with a control aspen stake. Arsenal against a dog and a werewolf - silver and aspen. And you can also kill him by giving him 30 pieces of silver for betraying loved ones. And then he himself hangs himself on that very aspen.
Why, by the way, 30 and not 20 or 50 pieces of silver? Yes, because the number 30 used to be considered the number of the wolf-dog werewolf. That is why there is an expression for a dog - dog death. But back to the moon.
It is believed that the moon shines on us by reflected sunlight. So, depending on the mutual position of the Moon and the Sun, every new night we see it illuminated in a different way. Different degrees of illumination of the moon, we call it different phases. Depending on the celestial circumstances, when the Moon is somewhere near the Sun and its illuminated side is facing the Sun, we sometimes do not see the Moon in the sky at all. 2 - 3 days. To us these days it is shown dark, unlit. In a bright sky, the dark circle of the unlit Moon, which is in the rays of the sun, is, of course, not visible at all. Or, barely visible.
Now for some arithmetic. We subtract 2 (or 3) lunar days from 29.5 days and get about 27 days. We see the Moon 26 or 27 days. It turns out that our Moon grows for about 12 days, 12 days we see 12 phases of the growing Moon. Then it fills up with us, everything is filled with light and finally becomes a silvery magic full moon. On such a full moon we call a full moon. And we will have it like this for 2 or 3 days. And for the next 12 days, it only subsides, grows old, and, finally, generally leaves us and disappears. We see 12 days in a row 12 phases of the already aging moon. So this aging Moon is not called the Moon. The waxing moon is called the waxing moon, and the aging moon is otherwise called the outgoing moon, but by no means a month.
Approximately on the 15th day of the Moon, a thin dark crescent appears on her right. The moon is already on the right, as it were, already a little missing. The edge of the moon pancake on the right was slightly burnt, darkened. So, this darkest edge on the right of the Moon is called the Moon. Pay your special attention. The month is not called the bright part of the moon, but its dark darkened part. The first day of the Moon's damage was previously considered a bad day in some ways. This 15th day of the moon was called the Butcher's Day. On such a day it was supposed to slaughter cattle. Cattle were slaughtered for meat and, of course, with special knives. They cut the skin from the carcass of an animal (and it is a special art to cut the skin correctly). And the people who were engaged in dressing skins were called furriers. The removed skin was crucified in a special way for drying, i.e. stretched. And she was always hung upside down. The bright part of the Moon, according to old ideas, is the part of the Moon that is covered with light skin. And the dark part of the moon was considered the part from which the skin was removed. From that, the dark part of the Moon (or the Moon) was considered bloody, bloody, meaty, the part where the meat is not covered with skin.
Of course, the dark part of the Moon seems to us gray or dark, but not red. But before the Russians, the colors black, purple-red and golden were considered one and the same color. Black, scarlet, scarlet. This was the custom of our ancestors. Now I will not explain in detail. This was mainly connected with heraldry, with flags, with banners, among churchmen - with the writing of icons, with church and temple utensils. And I’ll tell you something completely unexpected - the word “meat” is directly related to the word Month. The German word "Messer", which means "knife", is also directly related to the word Month. And the Russian word knife itself is also directly related to the word month, although this is not felt by ear.
The black edge of the first day of damage to the moon was called "the night of St. Bartholomew" or simply "the butcher's knife." It is known that a special curved furrier's knife is considered an attribute of St. Bartholomew. Or how it is with us “a month came out of the fog, took out a knife from his pocket.” And in general, all church symbolism spoke about some, albeit sublime, deeds and episodes in the lives of other people. He talked about the laws and interactions of the cosmos, nature, described their influence on all living things and, in the form of explanatory parables, spoke about the need for certain actions (we will talk about this later).
People who believe in all these torments, tormentors, martyrs, tell us how the Apostle Bartholomew was tortured and killed. (16.51) It is known that he was hung upside down, scalded, skinned and then beheaded. And the name "Bartholomew" is directly related to the peeling of the light skin from the moon, to the darkening of the moon. Now, if we imagine that the full moon is a person turned to us with his face, then we can think that the right edge of the moon is his left hand. Light skin from the moon is starting to come off on the right. That is why the artists depicting the torment of St. Bartholomew always depict in their paintings the scene of the tormentors ripping off the skin from his left hand. On the day of St. Bartholomew, it was supposed to start some action as a punishment for something. Or if it was necessary for the offender to take revenge for something. They began to take revenge on the day of St. Bartholomew. And, of course, the word "revenge" comes from the word "month". Bartholomew's Night in Paris on August 24, 1572 was the night of the first damage to the full moon. Or September 1, 1939, the day of the beginning of World War 2, was also the day of the beginning of the damage of the full moon, the day of St. Bartholomew, the day of the butcher. Okay, enough about horrors and wars.
So, from the first day of the damage to the Moon, the Month began. Just as the disk of the moon, starting from the new moon, is filled with light, now the full disk of the moon is filled with darkness. The light part of the Moon recedes, gives way to its dark part. The first day of the month is the day when the first damage to her disk occurs. The young Moon comes to heaven. From that day on, the countdown of the days of the month began - the first, the second ... The moon is aging, leaving, and the Moon is growing, gaining strength and maturing. Pay attention, the Moon is she, a girl, a woman. And the month is he, a boy, a young man, a man. Those. the light part of the illuminated disk of the Moon is the female part, and the dark part is the male part. And almost always a girl and a boy sit in the disk together, together. And in the disk of the moon they cannot be separated. This is the essence and reason why the Moon is considered the receptacle and driver of love. 19.30
12 phases of the aging Moon or 12 phases of the growing Month pass in a row. And, finally, when such a narrow light edge remains in the sky, the next night it is completely dark. The month was full, the month was fulfilled. A full moon is a month that covered the entire disk with its darkness, taking away all its light from the moon. Those. the girl from the moon left somewhere, and only the young man remained on the moon. In fact, the girl is now simply turned to face the sun, and the young man is all so gloomy, all in gloomy thoughts, now she is jealous of the Sun. By the way, when the Moon is young and visible as a luminous celestial boat, who should sit on it with their legs hanging down? Well, of course, boy. After all, the boy is her upper dark part.
Total. The days of the month are called all the days of the growing month and the 2 or 3 days of the full month adjoining them, that is, the days of the invisible moon. From the beginning of the new moon to the full moon, the days of the moon are counted. And starting from the 15th day of the Moon or the first day of the Month and until the newest new moon, the days of the month are counted. And together these two stages are collected in a full calendar month. It begins with the Moon and ends with the Moon. Those. a woman has light, and a man has darkness. Women have a beginning and men have an end.
Some people counted the time from the new moon to the new moon - in moons, while others counted by the days of the month - in months (they started counting on the day of the first damage to the Moon and brought it to the same day in the next cycle. Of course, all the days of the Moon are equal to all the days of the Month, but these two accounts of time (Moon and Months) are directly opposite to each other. Today we use both methods of counting - both by the moon and by the month. Hence, in our language there is confusion with the names, "what we have shining in the sky is confused" - any ignorant person has the right to say. The entire disk of the Moon is almost always a boy next to a girl, or a young man next to a girl. And there is such a cheerful Russian song “The moon is shining, the moon is clear, the full moon is shining.” Somehow it may seem that everything the moon and the moon have gathered here in one heap, the moon shines and it shines clearly, although, as we have just made clear, it cannot shine like that. , like a man or something. Shines in a figurative sense. The moon shines with its power. the eye, after all, can also be illuminated, so much so that it becomes dark.
When you listen to the text of this cheerful folk song, you yourself will understand that it is about a guy, a girl and, of course, about love. And the guy in the night thinks: “shines” something for him today with a girl or not “shines?”
The border separating the light and dark parts of the Moon is called a light guide in Russian. Or, attention! - angel. Angel is the Moon in reverse in its full canonical spelling. A light guide, or an angel, this border is called when light comes and darkness recedes. And when vice versa - darkness comes, and light comes, then this border is called obscurantism. Obscurantist - there is a simplified pronunciation of obscurantism-beltis, which means - black - white. Or in another way, hell. Or - hell. You know that in religious mythology the devil is not the devil himself, not Lucifer. The devil is the devil's helper, and Lucifer in Russian is a fierce, feverish February light, phosphorescent light, vibrating, feverish light. In Russian, the month of February was called fierce. And the word "to rage" means "to drive." Therefore, in the Russian language, some animals (meat-eaters) were called predators, because they obtained food through theft, and others were fierce, because they got the victim through rutting or fierceness. So the fierce cold overtakes us, drives the fierce hunger to exhaustion, and the fierce wolves drive their prey.
In general, all Russian classifications of animals, birds, grasses, trees, stars, landscapes, constellations, measures of weights and distances used to be completely different in contrast to non-Russian, primitively illogical or over-sophisticated Western ones. And the non-Russian word "February" (I'll run ahead) is directly related to the words "frequency, vibration, fever, excitement, extravaganza, Aphrodite, Venus, to the name of the god of the underworld and to the name of Judas Iscariot. And all this is connected with the circumstances of the February meetings of Venus and the Moon.
So, angels move this border towards darkness, and devils move it towards light. Devils are depicted with horns - with a black month on their heads. On the border of light and darkness, angels and devils are constantly fighting with each other. The devils shift the strip of darkness for 12 days, on the 13th day - a full month. Therefore, we have devils -13. And this number is called the devil's dozen.
But in Russian, this feature that separates light from darkness on the Moon is called Luminator or Terminator. Luminator - a streak of light is coming, Terminator - a streak of darkness is coming. By the way, that's why we have devils - devils striped.
In a different way and also not in Russian, this border is called “mysticism”. In Russian, mysticism is called "volkhovia" or "magic". Mystic separates the light and dark parts of the moon. The course of these mutual relations in time is called "mystery". The very beginning of the month and the moon is called, respectively, "war and peace." And these parts themselves are called, respectively, Master and Margarita.
In general, in all the mysteries, the main thing is the Moon. Attention! If in some mystery someone does not talk about the Moon, then this is anything, but not a mystery.
28.25 - 30.10 (recording minutes) - The moon and the image of the Mother of God on the icons
30.15 - solar eclipse
August 31 - the day when solar eclipses occurred was considered two days, two days ... it could have come on May 32.

32.28 - in ancient times, no one considered the Moon to be a cosmic body. Previously, it was believed that the Moon is a hole, a hole in the sky, through which the light of the mysterious beyond the sky comes to the Earth, the world of unearthly pre-eternal light, it was believed that the sky is the firmament of heaven, a thick ice cover on the surface of the global ocean. There are two large holes in this ice - the Sun and the Moon, and small holes - 5 visible planets. And very small holes - stars. And through all these holes, the eternal universal light is constantly streaming to us, pouring. The moon was represented by a hole, a hole in the ice, in which a fish swimming near it is visible. And the fish in the hole is visible this way, that way, in different ways. Moreover, in the Moon she swam in one direction, and in the month - in the opposite direction. This is one of the reasons for the shape of one of the signs of the zodiac - the sign of Pisces.
The Full Moon seemed to be an ice-hole with one large silvery fish caught - a pike. Which is human, i.e. asks in Russian to let her go, and promises to fulfill three wishes during the full moon. Those. for three days on three full moon nights. And Emelya rode the stove those nights, easily chopped wood and even nearly married the princess.
On these nights it was customary to make wishes. And to help heaven to carry out various actions. During a solar eclipse, a goldfish falls into the hole - the moon. The golden fish in Russian folk tales is the sun itself.
The word Luna is a simplified word VlaunA or VlaUna or VlaUza. Another simplification of this word is the word Luza. A pocket is a hole, a hole. The big hole is called a polynya. Laz. Laguna, lacuna, laksna, laksna.
The month is a simplification of the word vlaunets.
The succession of lunar and solar eclipses has been assembled into an eclipsing cycle by the heavens. It lasts 18 years 10 days and another 2/3 days. It's called Saras. The triple Saras is called the big Saras, which lasts 54 years and 32 days. Every 33 saras (or 10 large saras) a solar eclipse occurs over the Earth. 33 saras is 595 years. They are called the cosmic year or epoch. The sun after this epochal eclipse ceases to shine for one epoch and begins to shine for another. And yet it is called Peresvet. The sun seems to shine from one era to the next. One light has passed into another.
Each new era brings to Earth new meanings of being, morality, new ideas about good and evil, new ideas, new movement in all matters. Someone does not understand the new era, does not accept it, wants to leave everything as it is, defends the old meanings, the old life, while someone in the new era strives for everything new, strives for a new light. And between them at the turn of eras, times, there is always a conflict.
It's on Earth. And what happens in heaven? In heaven, two stellar armies enter into an epoch-making battle with each other, two heavenly ideas are fighting - the old and the new. This epic great battle, the battle of meanings, is called differently by all peoples. In ancient India, this battle was called the Battle of Kurukshetra. For Russians, for Slavs, this battle is called the battle on the Kulikovo field or the Battle of Kulikovo.
Before the start of the battle itself, two heroes, two fighters, leave on the field between the lined up rows of opponents. One represents the one who fights for everything new and his name is Peresvet. And those who uphold the old ideals are represented by a duel named Chelubey. The name Chelubey is related to the words moon, charm, silver, selenium, pit, boat, boat. And so the two mediators came together in battle and pierced each other with their fighting spears, and both fell dead. And in the sky above them, the Sun - Peresvet and the Black Moon - originally called Chelyaba in Russian, converged in a great battle. The Black Moon of Chelyaba covered the Sun - Peresvet and they both disappeared in the sky, both died. It became dark and scary in the sky and in the whole under-heavenly world. But not for long. The light of a new sun has appeared ...
... Everyone needs to decide which side he is on in this battle ...

The moon is hardly surprising for most people, because we have the opportunity to observe it in the sky almost every day, and have long been accustomed to such a phenomenon. Many do not even know whether it is a planet, a satellite or a star, and why the moon is called the moon. But today we will bring these questions out of the shadows by giving them the right answers.

Why is the moon called the moon

As you know, the natural satellite of the earth is not called the moon in all languages ​​and peoples, this is not an international name. And the name that we used to call the luminous cosmic body above our heads came from the Proto-Slavic word "luna". As for the origin of this Old Slavonic word, it is the root of the word “louksna”, which is translated into Russian as “bright”. Perhaps this answer is quite rational and explains why the moon is called the moon.

Why is the moon called Earth's satellite?

As you know, the moon is a satellite of the Earth, and not artificial, but natural. But why was she called that? We will also consider the answer to this question below.

The Moon is called the satellite of the Earth for the reason that, in comparison with other planets in our solar system, it primarily revolves around the Earth, using its orbit for rotation, and not around the Sun. Of course, the Moon also revolves around our natural luminary, but it does this along the same trajectory as the Earth, revolving around the Sun along with it.

This is what prompted scientists to call the Moon a natural satellite of the Earth. The characteristic “natural” is present here for the reason that since the beginning of space exploration, many artificial devices, which are also satellites, have been put into orbit by people.

Why is the moon called the month

We all know what a month is. This is what is called the incomplete moon. However, the history of the origin of this name is not known to everyone.

The thing is that earlier time was calculated according to the lunar calendar, because in the absence of watches and various technologies available to us today, it was quite simple to calculate time using data on the position of the moon. In this calendar there was such a thing as a month, which meant 1/12 of the moon. Over time, people transformed this concept, and began to use it to name the incomplete moon.

Now you know why people call the moon and the month that way.